STRATEGIES APPLIED IN ENGLISH VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS IN “THE GREAT GATSBY” BY TRỊNH lữ = CHIẾN lược DỊCH ANH VIỆT các THÀNH NGỮ TRONG tác PHẨM “đại GIA GATSBY” của DỊCH GIẢ TRỊNH lữ

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER STRATEGIES APPLIED IN ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS IN “THE GREAT GATSBY” BY TRỊNH LỮ Supervisor: Ms Vuong Thu Hang (M.A.) Student: Nguyen Thi Tuyet Course: QH2017 F1 E21 HANOI - 2021 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHIẾN LƯỢC DỊCH ANH-VIỆT CÁC THÀNH NGỮ TRONG TÁC PHẨM “ĐẠI GIA GATSBY” CỦA DỊCH GIẢ TRỊNH LỮ Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Vương Thu Hằng Sinh viên: Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Khóa: QH2017 F1 E21 HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2021 ACCEPTANCE PAGE I hereby state that I: Nguyen Thi Tuyet, class QH2017.F1.E21, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Nguyen Thi Tuyet Hanoi, May 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Vuong Thu Hang, M.A, the lecturer of Translation and Interpretation at the Faculty of English Language Teacher Education, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi She gave me a source of great motivation throughout the period of the study Thanks to her detailed instructions and feedback, I could finally complete this thesis according to the timeline Besides, I also would like to thank all the lecturers in Translator and Interpreter Training Division, especially Ms Vuong Thi Thanh Nhan who enthusiastically recommended plenty of research topics through online meetings or discussions and strongly inspired not only me but also other senior students majoring in Translation and Interpretation to conduct the study Finally, I am deeply grateful to my classmates, namely Dam Le Thi Tra Giang, Nguyen Thu Hien, Hoang Thao Hien and Nguyen Huy Hoang for their support and enthusiasm as they spent their little valuable time for my questionnaires through emails In particular, I greatly appreciate my family members who offered me all their motivation during the progress of my research i ABSTRACT Translation of idioms has been regarded as one of the most hard-to-solve tasks in the field of translation For this reason, this paper came up with a detailed investigation into Trịnh Lữ’s translation “Đại gia Gatsby” in order to find out his strategies applied for translating English idioms in “The Great Gatsby” Additionally, the most and least common strategies employed by Trịnh Lữ to translate English idioms to Vietnamese were detected Concurrently, the research also provided the detailed assessment made by target language readers on Vietnamese translations In order to achieve objectives of the study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized The study adopted the framework of Mona Baker (1992) for identification of idiom translation strategies and theory of Larson (1984) for translation testing After the process of data collection and analysis, it was discovered that among four main strategies of translation idioms given by Baker (1992) including Using an idiom with the same meaning and form, Using an idiom with the similar meaning but dissimilar form, Paraphrase, Omission, and one strategy offered by Peter Newmark (1988) known as Literal translation, the strategy Paraphrase overtook others to become the most frequently-used strategy in Trịnh Lữ’s “Đại gia Gatsby” Furthermore, the translations rendered from the application of these strategies were highly evaluated in terms of accuracy and naturalness by target language readers Although the study showed some limitations, it was expected that this paper could be a source of useful references for idiom translation in literary works ii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES Table Frequency of each type of English idioms in “The Great Gatsby” 32 Table Frequency and Percentage of English-Vietnamese translation strategies in “Đại gia Gatsby” given by Trịnh Lữ 34 Table Frequency and Percentage of translation strategies in the type of idioms formed Verb + Object/Complement (and/or Adverbials) 39 Table Frequency and Percentage of translation strategies in the type of idioms formed Compound/Noun phrase 39 Table Frequency and Percentage of translation strategies in the type of idioms formed Prepositional phrase 40 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Percentage of each type of English idioms in “The Great Gatsby” 32 Figure Percentage of English-Vietnamese translation strategies in “Đại gia Gatsby” given by Trịnh Lữ 35 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on accuracy of English-Vietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Paraphrase 42 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on naturalness of English-Vietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Paraphrase 43 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on accuracy of English-Vietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Omission 44 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on naturalness of English-Vietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Omission 45 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on the level of accuracy of EnglishVietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Literal translation 46 Figure Participants’ translation assessment on the level of naturalness of EnglishVietnamese translation of idioms rendered by the strategy Literal translation 47 iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SL ………………………………………………………………… Source Language TL ………………………………………………………………… Target Language ST ……………………………………………………………………… Source Text TT ……………………………………………………………………… Target Text iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBREVIATIONS iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the problem and rationale for the study 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.3 Significance of the study 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Organization CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 English idioms 2.1.1 Concepts of idioms 2.1.2 Features 2.1.3 Classification 12 2.2 Translation 15 2.2.1 Concept of translation 15 2.2.2 Translation testing 18 2.3 Idiom translation 19 2.3.1 Difficulties in idiom translation 19 2.3.2 Strategies in idiom translation 20 2.3.3 Review of the previous studies 24 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 26 3.1 Research design 26 3.2 Research subjects 26 3.3 Data collection instruments 28 3.3.1 Data collection instrument for Research question 28 3.3.2 Data collection instrument for Research question 28 3.4 Procedure of data collection 28 3.4.1 Procedure of data collection for Research question 28 v 3.4.2 Procedure of data collection for Research question 29 3.5 Procedure of data analysis 30 3.5.1 Data analysis procedure for Research question 30 3.5.2 Data analysis procedure for Research question 30 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 Findings 31 4.2 Implication 47 4.3 Application 48 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 50 5.1 Summary of findings 50 5.2 Limitations 52 5.3 Suggestion for further research 53 REFERENCES 55 APPENDIX 59 APPENDIX 76 vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the statements involving idiom translation problems are given Coupled with this, it briefly introduces the rationale that the researcher decided to carry out this work An overview of the aims or objectives, scope, and significance of the research is also provided 1.1 Statement of the problem and rationale for the study Since time immemorial, communication has been seen as one of the most fundamental human needs (Patience, 2016) It is believed that human beings essentially have two-way communication for the transmission and reception of ideas and thoughts from one person to another Therefore, the strong need to communicate with each other is conducive to both the appearance and the development of language It is the tool that the mutual understanding and relations at both individual and collective levels are fostered However, to some extent, the mutual understanding is partly curtailed as the surrounding world abounds in different languages with multifarious cultural frameworks and belief systems, leading to a breakdown in the communication process with each other Accordingly, translation has essentially emerged to satisfy the need of people who come from all corners of the globe to cross language barriers and well communicate with others In the context of the ever-changing globalization and integration, it is a widely held view that translation plays a significant role in various areas and becomes one of the most crucial jobs as well as studies in modern society Translation, it is believed, enables effective communication between people with different languages and cultures across the globe Notably, the translation task is not merely a straightforward transference from one source language to the other target language but involves the socio-cultural and pragmatic competence of the two languages and extensive knowledge of linguistic elements, especially idioms Many linguistic professionals emphasize that idiomatic expressions are one of the most challenging tasks to translate TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy 42 For a moment I suspected that he was pulling my leg but a glance at him convinced me otherwise (p 71) (to pull one’s leg: to tell someone something that is not true as a way of joking with the person) Trong thống, tơi nghĩ khơng biết có phải ơng đùa cợt tơi khơng, nhìn sang ơng tơi tin khơng phải (tr 95) 43 ‘Right you are,’ agreed the policeman, tipping his cap (p 74) (to tip one’s cap: to touch one's hat or cap or to lift it off one's head as a way of greeting or saying goodbye to someone/ used informally to say that one admires or respects someone) “Được thưa ông,” viên cảnh sát chịu ngay, ngả mũ chào.(tr 99) 44 There was the smile again, but this time I held out against it (p 77) (to hold out against sth: in the sense of withstand) Lại điệu cười mỉm ấy, lần tơi cưỡng lại (tr 104) 45 As the waiter brought my change I caught sight of Tom Khi bồi bàn mang trả tiền thừa, tơi nhìn thấy Tom Buchanan 90 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy Buchanan across the crowded room (p 79) (to catch sight of sb: to see something only for a moment) đầu phòng bên (tr 107) 46 His name was Jay Gatsby and I didn’t lay eyes on him again for over four years (p 81) (to lay eyes on sb: to look at or see someone or something, especially for the first time) Tên ông ta Jay Gatsby, em khơng thấy lại ơng suốt bốn năm (tr 109) 47 She was effectually prevented, but she wasn’t on speaking terms with her family for several weeks (p 81) (on speaking terms with sb: friendly enough to talk) Chị bị ngăn không được, nhiều tuần sau chị khơng nói với gia đình (tr 110) 48 After that she didn’t play around with the soldiers any more (p Sau chị khơng chơi với lính 81) (tr 110) (to play around with sb: to flirt or have an affair with someone) 91 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy 49 I came into her room half an hour before the bridal dinner, and found her lying on her bed as Em vào phòng chị nửa tiếng lovely as the June night in her trước bữa tiệc cưới thấy chị flowered dress—and as drunk nằm giường với váy as a monkey (p 82) hoa, đáng yêu đêm tháng Sáu, (as drunk say cò bợ (tr 110) as a monkey: a person who is drunk or drinks habitually to excess) 50 when she saw that it was coming to pieces like snow (p 83) (to come to pieces: to separate into parts) thấy vụn tuyết chịu để em vun vào đĩa đựng xà phòng (tr 111) 51 You can hold your tongue (p 84) (to hold one’s tongue: to not speak) Tôi giữ mồm giữ miệng (tr 112) 52 ‘I don’t want to anything out of the way!’ he kept saying (out of the way: not convenient for or easily reached by “Tơi khơng muốn làm điều bất thường!” ơng nói (tr 115) 92 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy someone; not along someone's route) 53 But, because the offer was obviously and tactlessly for a service to be rendered, I had no choice except to cut him off there (p 89) (to cut sb off: to stop people from continuing a phone conversation by breaking the phone connection) Nhưng lời mời rõ ràng để trả công thẳng thừng cho việc mà ông ta nhờ, nên tơi buộc lịng phải từ chối (tr 119) 54 ‘I’ve got my hands full’ (p 89) (to get one’s hands full: to be so busy that you not have time to anything else) “Tôi đầy việc phải làm” (tr 120) 55 Perhaps their refusal took the heart out of his plan to Found a Family (p 95) (to take the heart out of sth: to feel not encouraged) Có lẽ khơng nên ông ta chán dự định an cư lập nghiệp (tr 127) 56 ‘I’m all out of practice, you see.’ (p 102) “Tơi có tập tành đâu, vị thấy đấy” (tr 136) 93 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy (out of practice: to be bad at doing something because you have not been doing it regularly) 57 So I take advantage of this short halt, while Gatsby, so to speak, caught his breath, to clear this set of misconceptions away (p 108) (to catch one’s breath: to stop breathing momentarily as a result of fear or surprise) Cho nên lợi dụng lúc tạm ngưng này, Gatsby nghỉ lấy hơi, nói thế, để dẹp toàn quan niệm sai lệch (tr 144) 58 ‘And I think I’ll make a point of finding out.’(p 116) (to make a point of sth: to give one's attention to (doing something) to make sure that it happens) “Nhất định phải biết được.” (tr 154) 59 He dismissed all the dances he had given with a snap of his fingers (p 117) (with a snap of his fingers: To make a sudden or impromptu Ông búng ngón tay cho qua tất khiêu với vũ đêm (tr 156) 94 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy decision that one expects others to adhere to or go along with) 60 He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of reach of his hand (p 118) (out of reach: not able to be achieved) Ơng nhìn quanh với vẻ man dại, thể khứ lừng lững bóng tối nhà mình, mà lại khơng với tới (tr 156) 61 I picked it up with a weary bend and handed it back to her, holding it at arm’s length and by the extreme tip of the corners to indicate that I had no designs upon it (p 122) (have designs upon sth: to want something and to be planning a way to get it) Tôi uể oải cúi nhặt ví lên đưa lại cho bà, nhón cầm góc ví đưa thẳng cánh tay để tỏ ý khơng thèm muốn nói (tr 161) 62 ‘But it’s so hot,’ insisted Daisy, on the verge of tears, ‘And everything’s so confused Let’s all go to town!’(p 126) (on the verge of sth: very near to “Nhưng nóng q,” Daisy khơng chịu, gần khóc, “mà lộn xộn hết Cả bọn vào thành phố đi!” (tr 167) 95 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy doing or experiencing something) 63 Daisy’s voice got us to our feet and out on to the blazing Giọng nói Daisy khiến chúng gravel drive (p 127) đứng dậy bước lối trải (to get sb to one’s feet: to stand sỏi bên (tr 168) up or rise) 64 ‘Have it your own way,’ she said (to have one’s own way: to do, get etc what one wants) “Thơi mặc kệ vậy,” nói (tr 168) 65 Tom pushed the unfamiliar gears tentatively and we shot off into the oppressive heat leaving them out of sight behind (p 129) (out of sight: hidden from or out of the range of vision) Tom thứ sang số lần cho quen máy lạ, phóng vào nóng hầm hập, bỏ họ lại sau không thấy (tr 171) 66 Then as Doctor T J Eckleburg’s faded eyes came into sight down the road, I remembered Gatsby’s caution about gasoline (p 130) Sau cặp mắt phếch phác bác sĩ T J Eckleburg cuối đường, nhớ đến lời dặn Gatsby vụ xăng (tr 172) 96 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy (to come into sight: to become visible; to move closer so as to be seen) 67 though I have a sharp physical memory that , in the course of it, my underwear kept climbing like a damp snake around my legs and intermittent beads of sweat raced cool across my back (p 134) (in the course of sth: while something is happening or continuing) nhớ in suốt lúc đồ lót tơi rắn bò ướt át quanh hai cẳng chân mồ róc rách giọt tướng man mát dọc sống lưng (tr 177) 68 Well, if that’s the idea you can count me out… (p 138) (to count sb out: to keep someone out or not include someone in an activity or arrangement) Ơ hơ, có phải xin vị chừa tơi ra… (tr 183) 69 Gatsby sprang to his feet, vivid with excitement (p 139) (to spring to one’s feet: To quickly or abruptly assume a Gatsby đứng bật dậy, kích động linh hoạt hẳn lên (tr 184) 97 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy standing position) 70 He was a captain before he went to the front and following the Argonne battles he got his majority and the command of the divisional machine guns (p 161) (to get one’s majority: to have or adopt the same opinion or position as most other people, groups, or things) Trước mặt trận ông đại úy, sau trận đánh Argonne thăng thiếu tá huy tồn lính súng máy sư đồn (tr 210) 71 He stayed there a week, walking the streets where their footsteps had clicked together through the November night and revisiting the out-of-the-way places to which they had driven in her white car (p 163) (out-of-the-way: far from places where many people live or usually go) Ơng tuần, lại phố họ thả bên đêm tháng Mười thăm lại nơi hẻo lánh mà họ đến xe trắng Daisy (tr 213) 72 I wasn’t worth a decent Tơi khơng có tâm trạng để làm 98 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy stroke of work but it was more than that (p 164) (a decent stroke of work: any work at all) 73 as if we’d been in ecstatic cahoots on that fact all the time (p 164) (in ecstatic cahoots: extraordinary) việc đàng hồng (tr 214) thể hai chúng tơi ln đồng bọn khối chí với chuyện (tr 215) 74 Until long after midnight a changing crowd lapped up against the front of the garage (p Quá nửa đêm lâu mà đám đông 167) kẻ đến người tụ tập trước (to lap up against sth: [for cửa xưởng xe (tr 218) waves] to splash gently against something) 75 He blurted out that a couple of months ago his wife had come from the city with her face bruised and her nose swollen (p 167) (to blurt out: say abruptly or ông buột hai tháng trước vợ ông từ thành phố trở với mặt thâm tím vafcais mũi sưng vù (tr 219) 99 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy inadvertently, utter without thinking) 76 This was a forlorn hope (p 170) (a forlorn hope: an undertaking Đó hy vọng hão huyền (tr that seems very unlikely to 222) succeed) 77 By six o’clock Michaelis was worn out and grateful for the sound of a car stopping outside (p 171) (to wear out: to cause to become damaged or eroded, as from frequent or rough use) Đến sáu Michaelis mệt nhồi, nhẹ người nghe tiếng tơ đỗ lại ngồi cửa (tr 223) 78 It was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Wilson’s body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete (p 173) (way off: a long distance away) Chỉ sau cúng bắt đầu khiêng Gatsby vào nhà người làm vườn thấy thi thể Wilson cỏ cách quãng, hiến sinh hoàn tất (p 226) 79 I thought the whole tale would shortly be served up in racy tơi tưởng tồn câu chuyện lại tức bị nấu lại thành giễu 100 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy pasquinade (p 174) (to serve up: to make something available to people; provide) cợt ác độc (tr 227) 80 I hardly know where I am when I hear about a thing like this and am completely knocked down and out (p 177) (down and out: (of a person) without money, a job, or a place to live; destitute) 81 It was Gatsby’s father, a solemn old man very helpless Đó bố đẻ Gatsby, ông and dismayed, bundled up in a già nghiêm trang, vẻ bất lực long cheap ulster against buồn nản, chồng kín mít the warm September day (p áo khốc dài vải thơ rẻ tiền 178) tháng Chín nóng nực (to bundle up: to dress (someone) (tr 232) warmly) 82 He was on the point of collapse so I took him into the music room and made him sit down while I Tôi khơng biết đâu nghe chuyện hoàn toàn suy sụp (tr 231) Thấy ơng xỉu đến nơi, tơi đưa ơng vào phịng đàn ngồi nghỉ bảo làm cho ơng (tr 232) 101 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy sent for something to eat (p 178) (on the point of sth: to be going to something very soon) 83 He was so hard up he had to keep on wearing his uniform because he couldn’t buy some regular clothes (p 182) (hard up: short of money) Ông khó khăn phải mặc quân phục khơng thể mua quần áo thường (tr 236) 84 I raised him up out of nothing, right out of the gutter (p 182) (out of the gutter: in a state of total waste, failure, or ruination) Tôi dựng ơng lên từ chỗ khơng có gì, thẳng từ cống lên (tr 238) 85 You may think that’s sentimental but Ơng ủy mị, tơi I mean it—to the bitter end (p - tận cay đắng 183) mà (tr 239) (to the bitter end: until something is finished) 86 ‘Nevertheless you did throw me over’ (p 189) “Dù anh đá em thật rồi” (tr 247) 102 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy (to throw sb over: to finish a relationship with someone and start one with another person) 87 I don’t give a damn about you now but it was a new experience for me and I felt a little dizzy for a while (p 189) (to give a damn about sth: to care at all about someone or something —used in negative statements) Giờ em mặc mẹ anh, chuyện với em đấy, em choáng váng thời gian (tr 247) 88 He threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy’s but he was a tough one (p 191) (to throw dust into one’s eyes: to mislead somebody) Nó tung hỏa mù vào mắt cậu hệt với Daisy, mà thằng dằn (tr 249) 89 ‘And if you think I didn’t have my share of suffering’ (p 191) (to have one’s share of sth: To have a sufficient amount of something) “Cịn cậu nghĩ tơi khơng chịu phần đau khổ - cậu nghe đây” (tr 249) 103 Naturalness 5 TRANSLATION TESTING NO ENGLISH IDIOMS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS Accuracy 90 they smashed up things and creatures (p 191) (to smash up: to break something into small pieces with great, violent force) họ đập nát thứ, vô tri lẫn hữu tri (tr 249) 91 for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent (p 193) (to hold one’s breath: to intentionally stop breathing for a short period of time) khoảnh khắc độ kỳ diệu có phép lạ, người phải nín thở trước hữu lục địa (tr 251) 92 So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past (p 193) (to beat on: to hurt someone by hitting them a lot of times) Chúng ta dấn bước, thuyền rẽ sóng ngược dịng, khơng ngừng trôi khứ (tr 252) 104 Naturalness 5 ...ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CHIẾN LƯỢC DỊCH ANH- VIỆT CÁC THÀNH NGỮ TRONG TÁC PHẨM “ĐẠI GIA GATSBY” CỦA DỊCH GIẢ TRỊNH LỮ Giáo viên... LIST OF FIGURES Figure Percentage of each type of English idioms in “The Great Gatsby” 32 Figure Percentage of English- Vietnamese translation strategies in “Đại gia Gatsby” given by Trịnh Lữ. .. up with a detailed investigation into Trịnh Lữ? ??s translation “Đại gia Gatsby” in order to find out his strategies applied for translating English idioms in “The Great Gatsby” Additionally, the