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E N A G B M P C Q D I H +uQK +uQK +uQK a +uQK b +uQKYj c +uQK &kX .KRDQKYjRFK ӳÿ һ WWUѭ ӟFFkXWU ҧlӡLÿ~QJ S͙JyFYX{QJWURQJKuQKErQOj : a c b d 7\ WKHR ӯng nӝLGXQJEjLK W ӑFFNJQJQKѭKuQKWK ӭc tәchӭc tiӃ t dҥ \ PjQJѭ ӡi *9FyWK Ӈsӱdө QJFiFG өng cө ÿ ӗGQJG ҥ y hӑc nhҵ PÿHPO ҥ i hiӋ u quҧcho tiӃ t hӑ c 56 3.3.3 BiӋ QSKiS KDLWKiF vӕn kinh nghiӋ m sҹQFyF ӫa hӑFVLQKÿ Ӈgiҧi quyӃ t FiFY ҩ Qÿ ӅnhҵPJL~SFKR+6Y ұn dөng kiӃ n thӭFFNJYjRJL ҧ i quyӃ WFiFY ҩ Qÿ Ӆ mӟi 3.3&ѫV ӣkhoa hӑc cӫa biӋ QSKiS 4~D WUuQK ҥ y hӑF WRiQ G ӟp phҧ L O JyS ҫ n thiӃ SK t thӵF YjR Ӌ F KuQK YL WKjQK SKѭѫQJ SKiSVX\QJKƭSKѭѫQJSKiSK ӑ c tұ SYjOjPYL Ӌ FWtFKF ӵc, chӫÿ ӝng, khoa hӑc, ViQJ ҥ o choWhӑ F VLQK QrQ ҫ n tә JLiR chӭF FiF YLrQ ҥ W ӝ ng ÿ KR hӑ cFtұ p mӝ W FiFK WKѭ ӡQJ[X\rQW ҥ RUDFiFWuQKKX ӕ QJFyY ҩ Qÿ Ӆ WuPFiFEL Ӌ QSKiSO{LFX ӕ n hӑc sinh tӵ SKiWKL Ӌ QYjJL ҧ i quyӃ t vҩ Qÿ Ӆbҵ QJFiFKKѭ ӟng dү n hӑFVLQKWuPUDNƭQ ҩ Qÿ Ӆÿy KX\ÿ ӝ QJFiFNL Ӄ n thӭFFNJYjFiFF{QJYL Ӌ FÿmFyÿ ӇWuPUDFiFKK ӧSOtQK ҩ t giҧ LÿiS tӯQJFkXK ӓ Lÿ һ WUDWURQJTXiWUuQKJL ҧ i quyӃ t vҩ Qÿ Ӆ , hӋthӕ QJKyDFiFNL Ӄ n thӭFFNJYj FQJWK ҧ o luұ n vӟLFiFE ҥ Qÿ ӇWuPUDKѭ ӟng giҧ i quyӃ t vҩ Qÿ Ӆ 3.3éQJKƭDYjP өFÿtFKF ӫa biӋ QSKiS ViӋ c NKDLWKiF vӕ n kiӃ n thӭFFNJYjREjLK ӑc mӟi nhҵ m cӫng cӕlҥ i kiӃ n thӭFFNJFKR hӑ FVLQK;kXFK ӛ i kiӃ n thӭFFy OLrQTXDQY ӟLQKDX Ӈtҥ RWKjQK ÿ ӝt hӋthӕng P logic giӳDFiFNL Ӄ n thӭFWRiQK ӑ c4XDÿyFiFHPG ӉGjQJWURQJYL Ӌ FOLrQWѭ ӣng ÿӇvұ n dө ng giҧ LFiFEjLWRiQP ӝWFiFKQKDQKQK ҩ WYjKL Ӌ u quҧnhҩ t 3.3.3.3 Nӝi dung cӫa biӋ QSKiS ĈӇtәchӭFFiFKR ҥ Wÿ ӝ ng hӑ c tұ p, vұ n dөQJFyKL Ӌ u quҧvӕ n kiӃ n thӭFFNJYjR viӋ c tiӃ p thu kiӃ n thӭFWRiQK ӑ c mӟLÿzLK ӓ LQJѭ ӡLJLiRYLrQF ҫ Q[iFÿ ӏ QKÿѭ ӧc: nӝi dung EjLK ӑ c cҫ n cho hӑ FVLQKOƭQKK ӝ LOjJu"9L Ӌ c tәchӭFFiFKR ҥ Wÿ ӝng dҥ y ±hӑ FQKѭWK Ӄ QjR" Mһ WNKiFQ ӝLGXQJP{QWRiQO ӟSÿѭ ӧc sҳ p xӃ p hӧSOtÿDQ[HQJL ӳDFiFP ҥ ch kiӃ n thӭc vӟL QKDX ӧp vӟiSK sӵSKiW KӇ n nhұ WUL n thӭc cӫD FiF HP JL~S ӵ F SKiW Ӌ QKL Yj ҧ i quyӃ JL t vҩ Q Ӆ ,ÿ tӵSKkQә WtFK ng hӧS U~W W ҥ QJ UDEjL FiF ҩ t WRiQ G ÿӏ nh 7URQJTXiWUuQKG ҥ y hӑFWRiQJLiRYLrQF ҫ n chӫÿ ӝng tәchӭFKѭ ӟng dү n hӑ c sinh hoҥ Wÿ ӝng theo mөFÿtFKQK ҩ Wÿ ӏ nh vӟi sӵKѭ ӟng dү n cӫ DJLiRYLrQViFK FiFÿ ӗGQJG ҥ y hӑ Fÿ Ӈmӛ LFiQKkQW ӵNKiPSKiSKiWKL Ӌ n YjJL ҧ i quyӃ WFiFEjL WK{QJTXDYL Ӌ c thiӃ t lұ p mӕi quan hӋgiӳa kiӃ n thӭc mӟi vӟi vӕ n kiӃ n thӭFFNJFyO quan 57 3.3&iFKWK ӭc thӵc hiӋ n - %˱ ͣc 1: GV ÿѭDUDY ҩ Qÿ Ӆcҫ n thӵc hiӋ Q\rXF ҫ X+6WuPUDFiFKJL ҧ i quyӃ t vҩ Qÿ Ӆ ÿy - %˱ ͣc 2: +6VX\QJKƭWuPWzLSKiWKL Ӌ n nӝi dung cӕWO}LF ӫ a vҩ Qÿ Ӆ , nhӳQJ\rXF ҫ u vҩ Q Ӆÿ cҫ Q һ W ÿ UD ӝ ng KX\ vӕ n kiӃ n thӭ ÿ F FNJ WKiF NKDL ӳQJ QKWK{QJ Ӈ u biӃ tWLQ WURQJÿ ӡi sӕ ng thӵc tiӉ Qÿ Ӈvұ n dөng nhҵ m giҧ i quyӃ t tӕ t vҩ Qÿ ӅÿmFKR - %˱ ͣc 3: HS tiӃ Q KjQK NKiPҧ SKi i quyӃ W FiF NKiF ӫa vҩ FiFK Q Ӆ F ÿ YjJL WUuQK E TXDQÿL Ӈ PFiQKkQF ӫ DPuQK - %˱ ͣc 4: HS WUuQKEj\êNL Ӄ QYj*9N Ӄ t luұ n, nhұ Q[pWE әsung 9tG ͭminh h͕ a: Dҥ \EjL³7K ӵFKjQK[HPÿ ӗng hӗ´7RiQ6*. [12]  7URQJ ӡi sӕ ng hҵ ÿ QJ QJj\ FiF ӧF OjP HPӃ TXHQ S ÿm [~F ÿѭ Ӆ u vӟ WL QKL L FiF ҥ i OR ÿӗ ng hӗNKiFQKDXQKѭÿ ӗ ng hӗWUHRWѭ ӡQJÿ ӗ ng hӗÿӇEjQ «9L Ӌ F[HPÿ ӗng hӗÿ ӕ i vӟi FiFHPNK{QJ[DO ҥJuPjWU ӣQrQJ ҫ QJNJLTXHQWKX ӝc &yQKL Ӆ XHPFKѭDÿ i hӑFÿm FyWK ӇQyLÿ~QJJL ӡcөthӇÿ Ӄ n tӯQJSK~W WX\QKLrQFNJQJFyP ӝt sӕchӍbiӃ t xem giӡFy ghi sҳ QQKѭÿ ӗ ng hӗÿL Ӌ n tӱÿHRWD\7URQJNKLÿyNKL ӟFYjRO ӟp 1, HS mӟi bҳ t ÿҫ u ljPTXHQ vӟi EjL³[HPÿ ӗ ng hӗ´QKѭQJFK ӍӣmӭFÿ ӝVѫÿ ҷ QJQKѭFK Ӎ8 giӡ, giӡ hoһ c 10 giӡ« - ĈӃ n FKѭѫQJWUuQKO ӟSFiFHPÿѭ ӧc biӃ t cөthӇKѫQÿ Ӄ n tӯQJSK~W FiFHPG ӉGjQJ ÿӃ m tӯng vҥ ch chӍnhӓWUrQP һ WNLPÿ ӗng hӗÿӇ[iFÿ ӏ nh QKѭ : 58 - TӯviӋ Fÿ Ӄ m tӯng vҥ ch nhӓWUrQP һ Wÿ ӗng hӗ, GV sӁtәchӭFFKRFiFHPWK ӵc tiӃ SWUrQY ұ t thұ t bҵ QJFiFK*9V ӁQrXJL ӡYj+6V ӁGQJWD\TXD\FiFN SKK ӧp vӟi giӡPj*9 QrXUD Ĉӗng thӡi, GV sӁgӧi mӣnhӳQJFkXK ӓLÿ ӇFiFHP NKiPSKiUDFiFFiFKJ ӑ LWrQJL ӡNKiFQKDXF өthӇ : 7giӡSK~WKD\JL ӡNpP SK~W giӡSK~WKD\JL ӡUѭ ӥi - 1JRjLUDWUrQP һ Wÿ ӗng hӗQJRjLQK ӳng chӳsӕÿѭ ӧc hiӇ n thӏtӯsӕÿ Ӄ n sӕWK{QJ WKѭ ӡQJ WKu FNJQJ ҥ QJ ӗngÿ Fy hӗÿѭ ӧ FiF F JKL Gһ t WUrQ bҵ ng nhӳng P sӕ/D 0m Qua viӋ c thӵFKjQK[HPÿ ӗ ng hӗsӁJL~SFKRFiFHPQK ӟlҥ LFiFKJ ӑ LWrQFiFF ӳsӕ /D0mP ӝ WFiFKWKjQKWK ҥ RKѫQ 3.3.4 BiӋ QSKiS : Sӱdөng phӕ i hӧSFiF SKѭѫQJSKiSG ҥy hӑFWtFKF ӵc tiӃ QWUuQKG ҥ y hӑ c nhҵPSKiWWUL Ӈ QQăQJO ӵc tә ng hӧp cho hӑc sinh 3.3&ѫV ӣkhoa hӑc cӫa biӋ QSKiS 7URQJTXiWUuQKG ҥ y hӑFWRiQNK{QJFyP ӝWSKѭѫ QJSKiSG ҥ y hӑFQjROjY ҥ QQăQJ QrQ ҫ Q FFy ӵphӕiV hӧp giӳD FiF SKѭѫQJSKiS ҥ y hӑc vӟi Vұ n dө GQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiSG ҥ y hӑ FWtFKF ӵc nhҵ PSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKF ӵc, chӫÿӝ QJViQJW ҥ o cӫ DQJѭ ӡi hӑ c 33'+WtFKF ӵFKѭ ӟng tӟi viӋ c hoҥ Wÿ ӝQJKyD WtFKF ӵFKyDKR ҥ t ÿӝng nhұ n thӭc cӫ a QJѭ ӡi hӑ c , tӭFOjW ұ p kӃ WYjSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKF ӵc cӫDQJѭ ӡi hӑ c chӭNK{QJSK ҧ LOj tұ p kӃ WYjRSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKF ӵc cӫ DQJѭ ӡi dҥ \WX\QKLrQÿ Ӈdҥ y hӑFWKHRSKѭѫ SKiSWtFKF ӵFWKuJLiRYLrQF ҫ n phҧ i nӛlӵc nhiӅ u so vӟi dҥ y theo truyӅ n thӕng 59 ... &+ѬѪ1* 43 MӜT SӔ BIӊ1 3+ ? ?3 9 ҰN DӨ1* 3+ ѬѪ1* 3+ ? ?3 ³' ҤY HӐ&.+È0 3+ È´ TRONG DҤY HӐ&0Ð172È1/ ? ?3 Ĉ ? ?3+ È775, ӆ11Ă1*/ ӴC CHO HӐC SINH TIӆU HӐC 43 1JX QW ҳ Fÿ... HӐ&6Ѭ 3+ ҤM ±ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1 ҸNG +2$*,È2' ӨC TIӆU HӐC EDEDEDED +Ï$/8 ҰN TӔT NGHI? ?3 1Ă0 Ĉ͉WjL VҰN DӨ1* 3+ ѬѪ1* 3+ ? ?3 ³' ҤY HӐ&.+È0 3+ È´ TRONG DҤY HӐ&0Ð172È1/ ӞP NHҴ0 3+ È7 TRIӆ11Ă1*/ ӴC CHO. .. a biӋ QSKiS 63 éQJKƭDYjP өFÿtFKF ӫ a biӋ QSKiS 63 3 .3. 5 .3 Nӝi dung cӫ a biӋ QSKiS 63 &iFKWK ӭc thӵc hiӋ n . 63 3 .3. 6 BiӋ QSKiS6 ӱdөQJKuQKWK