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Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai KiÕn thøc cÇn nhí... Xinưchânưthànhưcảmươnư cácưemưđãưchúưýưhọcư bµi­!.[r]

(1)Së Gi¸o dôc -§µo t¹o ®¨k l¨k TrườngưPTDTNTưBuônưđôn (2) KiÓm­tra­bµi­cò *­ThÕ­nµo­lµ­sè­h÷u­tØ? *Trong­c¸c­sè­sau­®©y,­sè­nµo­lµ­sè­h÷u­tØ?­V×­sao? 14­;­­-13­;­­0­;­0,75­;1,(54);­1,4142135623730950488016887…… Tr¶­lêi: a *)ưSốưhữuưtỉưlàưsốưviếtưđượcưdướiưdạngưphânưsốưưưưưưưvớiưa,bưZ,ưbư b ­0 *)14;­-13;­0;­0,75;­1,(54)­lµ­c¸c­sè­h÷u­tØ ­­­­­Sè­1,4142135623730950488016887……kh«ng­lµ­sè­h÷u­tØ (3) TiÕt­17:: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 1) Sè v« tØ a)­Bµi­to¸n:/SGK/40 Gi¶i: ưưưưChoưhìnhư5,ưtrongưđóưhìnhư vu«ng­AEBF­cã­c¹nh­b»ng­ 1m,­h×nh­vu«ng­ABCD­cã­ c¹nh­AB­lµ­mét­®­êng­chÐo­cña­ h×nh­vu«ng­AEBF ­­+)­TÝnh­diÖn­tÝch­h×nh­vu«ng­ ABCD; ưư+)ưTínhưđộưdàiưđườngưchéoưABư B E 1m A C F D H×nh­5 (4) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 1) Sè v« tØ a)­Bµi­to¸n: ­+)Ta­thÊy­SAEBF=2SABF­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­SABCD=4SABF B E Gi¶i: SABCD=2SAEBF Mµ­SAEBF=1m2­SABCD=2m2 1m A C F +)­Gäi­AB=­x­(x>0)­­SABCD=­x2­mµ­­ SABCD=2m2x2=2 D Ngườiưtaưđãưchứngưminhưđượcưrằng:ưKhôngưcóưsốưhữuưtỉưnàoưmàưbìnhưphư ơngưbằngư2ưvàưđãưtínhưđược ­­x­=­­1,4142135623730950488016887… x­lµ­mét­sè­thËp­ph©n­v«­h¹n­kh«ng­tuÇn­hoµn­vµ­®­îc­gäi­sè­v«­tØ (5) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 1) Sè v« tØ b)ưKháiưniệm:ưSốưvôưtỉưlàưsốưviếtưđượcưdướiưdạngưsốưthậpưphânư v«­h¹n­kh«ng­tuÇn­hoµn­ *KÝ­hiÖu­tËp­hîp­c¸c­sè­v«­tØ­lµ­­I     Bµi­tËp:­§iÒn­kÝ­hiÖu(­,)­thÝch­hîp­vµo­chç­trèng: 3 3 -5­­­­­­­Q ; I;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Q ;­­­­­-5­­­­­­­­I  7 0,124354657875256897…  Q; 0,124354657875256897… I  Q=  I (6) TiÕt­18: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: ­T×m­x,­biÕt: +)­x =­9;­­­­­­+)­x =­­­­­­­­;­­+)­x2=­­­­­­­­­+)­x =­-4­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ 2 Gi¶i: ­+) x2=9x = 3; x= -3 .Ta­nãi­3­vµ­-3­lµ­c¸c­c¨n bËc hai­cña­9 2   bËc hai­cña­­ ­+) x2= x = ;x = ­­­­­­­­­­­­vµ­­­­­­­lµ­c¸c­c¨n 3 3 +) x2= x=0 +) x2= -4   x ­0­lµ­c¨n bËc hai­cña­0 ­-4­kh«ng­cã­c¨n­bËc­hai (7) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­C¨n­bËc­hai­cña­mét­sè­a­kh«ng­©m­lµ­sè­x­ sao­cho­x2=­a ?1 (SGK/40)­T×m­c¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­16 4­vµ­-4­lµ­c¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­16 (8) TiÕt­18: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­(SGK/40) ?1 (SGK/41) c)KÕt­luËn:­­ +)Víi­a>0­ Cã­hai­c¨n­bËc­hai Sốưdươngưkíưhiệuưlà:ư a Sè­©m­kÝ­hiÖu­lµ:­  a +)a=0 +)a<0 Cã­mét­c¨n­bËc­hai a kÝ­hiÖu­lµ:­­­­­­=­­­­­­­=0 ­a­kh«ng­cã­c¨n­bËc­hai (9) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­C¨n­bËc­hai­cña­mét­sè­a­kh«ng­©m­lµ­sè­x­sao­cho­x2=­a c)KÕt­luËn:­­ Bµi­tËp­1:ViÕt­c¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña:­2,­3,­10,­25 Gi¶i:  -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­2­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­  -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­3­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­  10 -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­10­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­ 10 -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­25­lµ­­­­­­­­­­=­5­­vµ­­­­­­­­­­­=­-5­ 25  25 (10) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­(SGK/40) c)KÕt­luËn:­­ Bàiưtậpư2:ưTrongưcácưcáchưviếtưsauưcáchưviếtưnàoưđúng,ưcáchư viÕt­nµo­sai?  4  a)­­­­­­­=­2­­­­­­­­­­­­­b)­­­­­­­­=­-2­­­­­­­­c)­­­­­­­­­=­­­2 d)­Chó­ý:­SGK/41 (11) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­(SGK/40) c)KÕt­luËn:­­ d)­Chó­ý:­SGK/41 Bµi­tËp:ViÕt­c¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña:­2,­3,­10,­25 Gi¶i:  -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­2­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­  -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­3­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­  10 -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­10­lµ­­­­­­­­­vµ­­ 10 -C¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­cña­25­lµ­­­­­­­­­­=­5­­vµ­­­­­­­­­­­=­-5­ 25  25 (12) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai 2)Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai: a)­Bµi­to¸n: b)­§Þnh­nghÜa:­(SGK/40) c)KÕt­luËn:­­ d)­Chó­ý:­SGK/41 2, 3, 5, Ta­cã­thÓ­chøng­ming­®­ îc­r»ng:­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­lµ­c¸c­sè­v«­tØ 2  ­=2 ­=(­­­­­­) (­­­­­) a NÕu­sè­tù­nhiªn­a­kh«ng­lµ­sè­chÝnh­ph­ =­1,4142135623730950488016… ­x­=­ ¬xng­th×­­­­­­­­lµ­sè­v«­tØ x =­2,­x>0 2­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2­ ( a a ­­­­­­­­­­­­ ( a ) =  2a )2=­­­­­­(­­­­­0) (­­­­­) ­=(­­­­­­) ­=2 ­­­­­2 =­1,4142135623730950488016… (13) TiÕt­17: Bµi 11:­­Sè v« tØ Kh¸i niÖm vÒ c¨n bËc hai KiÕn thøc cÇn nhí Kh¸i­niÖm­sè­v«­tØ Kh¸i­niÖm­vÒ­c¨n­bËc­hai §Þnh­nghÜa­c¨n­bËc­hai­ cña­mét­sè­a­kh«ng­©m KÝ­hiÖu­c¸c­c¨n­bËc­hai­ cña­mét­sè­a­kh«ng­©m a ­­­­­>0 ( a ) =­­­­­­(­­­­­0) a a ­­­­­­­­­­­­ ( a ) 2­­=­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2­ Cã­hai­c¨n­bËc­hai­lµ: a  a a ­­­­­=­0­ ­­­­­­­­­­­ Cã­mét­c¨n­bËc­hai­lµ: ­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­=0 (14) Bµi­tËp­cñng­cè: • Bµi­82/SGK/41: ­­­Theo­mÉu:­V×­22=­4­nªn­­­­­­=­2,­h·y­hoµn­thµnh­bµi­ tËp­sau: 25 25.­­­­­­nªn­­­­­­­­­­=­5; a) V×­­52­=­… b) V×­7 ­­ =­49­­­­­­­nªn­­…49­­­­=­7; 1 c) V×­1… ­=­1­­­­­­­­­nªn­­­­­­­­­­=­… 2  2 d) ­V×­­­­­­­­­­=­   …­­­nªn­…9­­­­=­…  3 (15) Bµi­83/SGK/41: (  5) 25  25 25 Ta­cã­­­­­­­­­­=­5;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­=­-5­;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­=­­­­­­­­­­­­­=­5.­ Theo­mÉu­h·y­tÝnh: 2 36  16 (  3) a)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­b)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­c)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­d)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­e)­­­ 25 Gi¶i:­­ 36  16 a)­­­­­­­­­­­=­6­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­b)­­­­­­­­­­­=­-4­ 32 c)­­­­­­­­­­­=­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­d)­­­­­­­­­­­=­3 25 (  3) e)­­­­­­­­­­­­­­=­3 (16) • Bµi­84/SGK/41: Hãyưchọnưcâuưtrảưlờiưđúng: x a)­NÕu­­­­­­­­­=­2­th×­­­­­­­b»ng: x A)­2;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­B)­4­;­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­C)­8­;­­­­­­­­­­D)­16­ b)­NÕu­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­th×­­­­­­b»ng:­ x x x ­­­­­­­A)­0­hoÆc­-1 ­­­­­­­B)­2­hoÆc­1 ­­­­­­­C)­0­hoÆc­1 ­­­­­­­D)­2­hoÆc­0­­­ (17) Hướngưdẫnưsửưdụngưmáyưtínhưbỏưtúi SGK­(42) (18) Xinưchânưthànhưcảmươnư cácưemưđãưchúưýưhọcư bµi­! 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