Không giống những mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định , chúng không nhất thiết phải có trong câu , ta có thể bỏ đi mà câu không trở nên mập mờ, chúng được tách biệt với danh từ mà chúng thêm nghĩa [r]
(1)Đề cương ôn tập Anh 9- Học kì II (08-09) I Relative clause: Defining relative clauses: * Relative pronoun: Functions Person Thing Subject Who/ That Which/That Object Whom/ That Which/ That possession Whose Whose/ of whose - WHO: Ex: My friend, Tuan, is very handsome Tuan can sing folk songs very well => My friend, Tuan,who is very handsome, can sing folk songs very well => My friend, Tuan, who can sing folk songs very well,is very handsome - WHOM: Ex: The old lady to whom I spoke was Tom's aunt - WHOSE: Ex: The film is about a poor-girl Her boy friend leaves her to marry a rich woman - The film is about a poor- girl whose boy friend leaves her to marry a rich woman - WHICH: Dùng thay cho cụm danh từ( đại từ) đồ vật ,ở vị trí chủ ngữ và tân ngữ Ex: Auld Lang Syne is a song Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve => Auld Lang Syne is the song which is sung on New Year’s Eve - THAT : Duøng thay theá cho WHO(whom)/WHICH * Relative adverb ( Trạng từ quan hệ ) - WHEN: Có thể dùng để thay “on which” “in which” (dùng để thời gian) Ex: I never forget the day when I met him - WHERE: Có thể thay cho “at which” “in which” (dùng để nơi chốn) Ex: The resort where I enjoy is Ha Long Bay Non-defining relative clauses : Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định : Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định đặt sau danh từ xác định, vì mệnh đề này bổ ngữ thêm nnghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước Không giống mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định , chúng không thiết phải có câu , ta có thể bỏ mà câu không trở nên mập mờ, chúng tách biệt với danh từ mà chúng thêm nghĩa dấu phẩy (,) - Không dùng "That" mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định Ex: Mrs Thom, who is my former teacher, likes bananas very much Making suggestion( Câu đề nghị ) : Câu đề nghị gồm nhiều hình thức - Dùng“ Let’s/ Shall I/ Shall we + Vinf” diễn đạt đề nghị với ngôi thứ Ex:Let’s go to the zoo - Dùng “Why don’t we/ Why don’t you + Vinf” diễn đạt đề nghị với ngôi thứ và ngôi thứ hai -Ta coù theå duøng “ What about / How about + gerund / noun” (Baïn nghó sao………?) - Dùng động từ “suggest”(đề nghị) “propose” (đề nghị,gợi ý ) Suggest (+ possessive adjective) +gerund (2) Ex: I suggest (your) forgetting him Suggest that + S+ present tense / should Ex: I propose that the receptionists wear uniform Ex: I suggest that we should go to a seaside resort If clause ( Mệnh đề If ) : Mệnh đề IF còn gọi là Conditional Clause ( Mệnh đề điều kiện) Adverbial Clause of condition ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ điều kiện ) If clause Main clause Example Simple present Simple future If it rains, I’ll stay at home Simple past Would/Could/Might + V If I lived near your house, I would take you to school everyday * Unless = If not Ex: If it doesn't rain , we can play tennis = Unless it rains, we can play tennis Adverb clauses of result ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết ) S + V + so + adjective / Adverb + that + S + V S + V + such + a/an + adjective + noun + that + S + V Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more It is a gôd soup that everyone will ask for more Adverb clauses of reason ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý ) - Mệnh đề này thường giới thiệu “because”, “as” , “since” chúng có nghĩa là “vì” Ex: The flight to New York was cancelled because the fog got thicker Adverb clauses of cocession ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng ) Although Though + clause, Main - clause Even though Ex: Although he had a bad cold , he went to class * Notes: Despite and in spite of ( mặc dù) + Noun/ Noun phrase - Ex: Despite the bad weather, they went shopping = Although the weather was bad, they went shopping Preposition of time ( Giới từ thời gian ) : at, in ,on, from to, for, by - AT : + điểm thời gian cụ thể Ex : We have class at one o’clock + night Ex : I sleep at night - IN : + thaùng/naêm/ cuï theå Ex : I was born in1994 + the morning/afternoon / evening Ex : We have class in the morning - ON: + ngaøy tuaàn Ex : We have class on Monday + ngaøy thaùng naêm Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006 - FROM + điểm thời gian + TO + điểm thời gian (3) Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15 - FOR: + khoảng thời gian : để nói cái gì đó diễn bao lâu Ex : We walked for hours to reach the waterfall - BY: + điểm thời gian Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock Adjectives and Adverbs : Adjectives Adverbs clear clearly quick quickly slow slowly careful carefully Một số tính từ và trạng từ có hình thức giống nhau: Fast- fast Far- far Late- late Early- early Ta thường dùng tính từ để nói tính chất, đặc điểm vật, người, hay việc Tính từ thường đứng trước danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó đứng sau các động từ : to be/to seem/to look(trông có vẽ),to feel/to taste/to smell Ta dùng trạng từ để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, để mô tả hành động xãy nào Phrasal verbs: - turn off/ turn on/ look for/ look after/ go on 10)Infinitive/To infinitive/V-ing: *Can/could *Prefer/get May/might Allow/permit Have to/Ought to Want/need Should Ask/tell Must V1 Advise Make/help Start/decide Used to Would you like Let’s It’s + Adj Have/Feel To-inf *Love/like Dislike/hate Enjoy Suggest Finish/mind Giới từ (on/in/at/of…) V-ing Exercises: EXERCISE Following the structures, use either so or such in these sentences as appropriate Theo cấu trúc sau đây, sử dụng so such câu này thấy thích hợp The sun shone ……………………brightly that Helen had to put on her sunglasses Ben was ………………………a powerful swimmer that he always won the races There were …………………… few pupils registered that the class was cancelled We had ……………………….wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return They had ……………… good a time at the dance that they hated to leave The benefit was ………………… great a success that the promotes decided to repeat it (4) It was ……………….a nice day that we decided to go to the beach Mary looked ………………….sick that the nurse told her to go home Those were ……………………difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them 10 Michael called at ………………… an early hour that we weren’t awake yet 11 1.The novel looked ……………….interesting that he decided to read it 12 Paula worked ………………….carefully that it took her a long time to complete the project 13 We stayed in the sun for …………………….a long time that we became sunburned 14 There were ………………….many people on the bus that we decided to walk 15 The program was ………………………… entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it EXERCISE Make a sentence with so …………….that from two sentences Thành lập câu có so……that xuất phát từ hai câu The story of ancient Greece was boring It made me sleepy The fairy story is short I can read it in three hours The itinerant circus was good We saw it through This folk song is sample Everybody can sing it The little girl looks miserable We all feel sorry for her Today the weather is very ho I have to wear a light coat The air was very warm We decided to stay for three weeks Hoa was very kind I couldn’t refuse her proposal The tale story is very exciting We want to hear it again 10 The palace was very large We couldn’t visit everywhere 11 This coat is very thin I can’t wear it 12 That tower was very high We couldn’t climb up 13 The house was very old We couldn’t be in 14 This chair was very weak I couldn’t carry it 15 This bag was very heavy I couldn’t carry it EXERCISE Change these sentences to incorporate the expression in parentheses Biến đổi câu này nhằm kết hợp với từ ngữ nằm ngoặc đơn The sun was shining The water was cold (although) He went on holiday to England The airfare was expensive (though) It was raining We decided to go out (even though) Lan failed in her driving test She practiced for a long time (although) The traffic lights turned red He didn’t stop his car (though) It was only the first time they met They made friends immediately (even though) Dispite his dislike for coffee, he drank it to keep himself warm (although) Bill will take a plane, even though he dislikes flying (in spite of) In spite of Alice’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile (although) 10 They took many pictures though the sky was cloudy (despite) 11 Despite his poor memory, the old man told interesting stories to the children (even though) 12 Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test (in spite of) 13 Jane told me the secret, despite having promised not to so (though) 14 Fred plas to buy a ticket for the drawing although he knows he will not win a prize (even though) (5) 15 In spite of the high prices, my girl friend insists on going to the circus every Sundays (even though) 16 Mr Allen ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet (in spite of) EXERCISE Complete these sentences Each time use Although + a sentence from the box Điền thêm vào câu này Cứ lần sử dụng Athough phải kèm theo câu có khung I didn’t speak the local language She had never seen him before It was rather cold They don’t like him very much He had promised to be on time Mrs Green had all the necessary qualifications It rained a lot He smokes 30 cigarettes a day The traffic was bad I was very tired Athough ……………………she recognized him from a photograph The baby boy didn’t wear a heavy-sweater ……………………… They thought they’d better invite him to the meeting …………………… ………………… I managed to make myself understood …………………., he was late ……………………………………I arrive in time I couldn’t sleep ………………………………… ……………………………… they enjoyed their holiday She didn’t get the job, ………………………………… ……………………………… he is quite fit EXERCISE Combine the following individual sentences into single sentences with realive clauses (defining) Kết hợp câu riêng lẻ để tạo thành câu có diện mệnh đề lien hệ (hạn định) George is the man We are going to nominate George for the office of treasurer The doctor is with a patient The patient’s leg was broken in an accident Janet is the woman Janet is going to Mexico next year Paula wants a typewriter The typewriter self-corrects This guide book contains some useful information I found the guide book last month Mr Atkin looks very eager Mr Atkin’s team has won the game Fred wrote an article The article indicate that he disliked the president The director of the program is planning to retire next year This is the atlas I have been looking for this atlas all year 10 Jack wants to become a judge Jack’s father is a lawyer 11 1.This is the tape measure I bought the tape measure at the department store 12 Mike bought the stereo The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price 13 Kate bought a boat The boat cost fifty thousand dollars 14 John is going to buy the stand We have been thinking of buying the stand 15 Henry is the young man I’m going to recommend Henry for the job (6) EXERCISE Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences, using relaive pronouns Kết hợp cặp câu nhóm câu sau đây cách dung đại từ liên hệ Albert had been driving all the day He was tired and wanted to stop Sandra had been sleeping in the back of the coach She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on Sophia wanted to take the mountain rad Her tyres were nearly new Andrew’s tyres were very old He wanted to stick to the tarred road Rita didn’t know anything about mountains She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone Brian gave orders to the manager The manager passed them on to the foreman The little boy said that the men were thieves This turned out to be true The matter was reported to the chief of police He ordered us all to be arrested In prison they fed us on dry bread Most of it was moudly 10 We sleft in the same room as handcuffed prisoner His handcuffs rattled every time he moved 11 We lit a fire It soon dried out our clothes 12 They rowed across the Atlantic This had never been done before 13 Tony refuses to use machines This makes his work more arduous 14 I met Sylvia She asked me to give you this 15 These girl prayed aloud all night This kept us awake EXERCISE Give the correct form of the words in the brackets You must be when you open that door ( care ) We can see many on TV everyday ( advertise ) I watch the news everyday because it very ( inform ) He didn’t feel happy because he worked ( success ) Our school has a lot of teacher ( qualify ) She received a lot of from her mother ( encourage ) He was very of the work he had done ( pride ) Do you have a costume in your country ( nation ) The children are more in cartoons ( interest ) 10 Every student was very about the holiday ( excite ) 11 There are many parks in Hanoi BEAUTY 12 is now a serious problem in Viet Nam FOREST 13 Hoa has a lot of friends as she is so FRIEND 14 This magazine is read by both teenagers and adults WIDE 15 I hope to speak English as as my teacher GOOD 16 Viet Nam is interested in saving resources (nature ) 17 We should prepare food before turning on the stove (careful ) 18 are concerned about the use of dynamite to catch fish (environment ) 19 Ba is very strong He runs than anyone in the class (fast ) 20 I like this website because it is for me ( Use) EXERCISE Give the correct form of the verb given in the brackets My dad (not like) coffee, he never (drink) it Ba is short He wishes he (be) taller This house is empty It (not live) in for many years I hate (get) up early in winter Traditionally, the ao dai (wear) by both men and women (7) This is my house I (live) here for years I'm busy at the moment I (clean) the floor Where you (spend) your holiday last summer ? I (see) Nam while I (go) to school yesterday We (say) hello and (walk) the rest of the road to school together 10 My brother is a teacher He (work) in a school in the city centre 11 Listen! They (sing) an English song 12 I’m sitting in class right now I (sit) in class at this time yesterday 13 I’m sure you will have forgotten me by the time I (be)back in five years 14 Up to now, our teacher ( give ) our class five tests 15 Trung is used to ( get ) up early every morning 16 If you ( smoke ) less, you would have much more money But I don’t think you will 17 Tom’d rather ( be) early than late 18 I knew him when I ( be )a child 19 I can’t go with you as I ( not finish ) my work EXERCISE Rewrite sentences: Has someone booked the seats yet? Have ? I said to Mrs Hoa, "What sports you often play?" I asked Mrs Hoa "Is there a TV in the bedroom?", I asked the landlady I asked the landlady "Let's go to the cinema ", Lien said Lien suggested What a pity I can't speak English I wish I 6."I am going to Hanoi tomorrow", he said He said that The poor farmer was tired but he kept working In spite I don't know the answer, so I can't tell you If I I last met him two months ago I haven't 10 If you don't try hard, you will not pass your final exam Unless 11 People play soccer all over the world Soccer…………………………………………………………………………… 12 We don’t have enough money to go on a holiday If we…………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Please don’t play the music so loudly Would you mind……………………………………………………………………………… 14 The last time I played soccer was years ago I haven’t…………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Jim could see the main part of the show He was late because of the traffic jam Although…………………………………………………………………………………… (8) 16 I’m learning English I like learning English I …………………………………… and………………………………………………… 17 The weather was bad, so we can’t go out Since………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 I think we should travel to school by bus I suggest…………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Why don’t we go hunting? I suggest………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Let’s go out for dinner How about……………………………………………………………………………………? 21 Nam doesn’t study hard He can’t pass the exam If Nam……………………………………………………………………………………… 22 I suggest using the showers instead of baths to save water I think we should…………………………………………………………………………… 23 I still come to school, but I’m sick Even though…………………………………………… 24 A girl is now in the hospital She was injured in the accident A girl…………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 The girl has just gone out Do you know her? Do you……………………………………………………………………………………? 26 Mai writes poems She is fond of it Mai is fond of…………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Choose the underlined words which need correcting She asked me if I live in Hanoi A B C D If you work hard, you would get good marks A B C D A meeting will held next week by the committee A B C D Mrs Lien, whom sings very well, is my teacher of English A B C D The boys are playing soccer over there are from class A A B C D His good sense of humorous distinguishes him from his brother A B C D Between 1980 to 1990,the area was hit by the five disastrous tornado A B C D We have not met my close friend since ten years A B C D The secretary whom sits at the first desk on the right can give you the information A B C D 10 Who will look for your little sister when your mother goes out ? A B C D EXERCISE 10 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses Điền động từ ngoặc đơn vào đúng thì (9) If you (read) in bad light you will ruin your eyes Somebody (steal) your bicyle if you leave it unlocked What will happen if her parachute (not open) If the page-boy (wash) my car I’ll given him a dollar If she (need) a computer she can borrow mine If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police I’ll be very angry if she (make) any more mistakes If they (be) late I’ll punish them He’ll be absolutely furious if he (hear) about this 10 If you put on the Kettle she (make)the tea 11 You can use my hand phone if yours (not work) 12 If you (not know) the meaning of a word you may use a dictionary 13 If Henry (refuse) to help I’ll have to manage without him 14 If Janet (not help) I’ll have to manage without her 15 If you (go out) would you buy me some cigarettes 16 Mai can’t count Why you (employ)her as a cashier if she can’t count? 17 You can ask for a continental lunch if you (not want) a full lunch 18 If you (hear) from Hoa could you please let me know? 19 If you’d wait a moment I (see) if she’s in 20 If you (care) to see some of his the drawings I (send) them round to your office EXERCISE 11 Add question tags to the following sentences Thêm question tags vào câu sau đây Mary doesn’t agree with Bill, .? There wasn’t a lot to do, ? He needn’t stay anything, ? That wasn’t Hoe on the phone, .? You didn’t to it on purpose, ? You take salt in soup, ? But you don’t take sugar in coffee , .? The lift isn’t working today, ? It never works very well, .? 10 The erea was evacuated immediately, ? 11.There was a notice board on the wall, ? 12 Though everyone relized the danger, ? 13 There was a lot of noise in the hall, .? 14 But no one complained, .? 15 Her eldrest daughter hardly ever cooks, ? 16 My sister bought convenience foods, ? 17.My mother would say money if she bought fresh food, .? 18 Mrs Allen usually remembered her husband’s birthdays, ? 19 But she didn’t remember this one, ? 20 And her husband was very disappointed, .? EXERCISE 12 Answer these questions using the verbs given Trar lời câu hỏi này cách sử dụng động từ cho sẵn Why you always wear a fur coat? (like) I …………………… Why does Alice listen to the radio so often? (enjoy) She ……………………… (10) Why you never go to the theatre? (not / like) I ……………………… Why they live in a small village? (like) They ……………………… Why don’t you join in a picnic? ( hate) I …………………………… Why Hai always play the guitar? (like) He ……………………………… Why don’t you leave your motor cycle in the garage? (not like) I Why doesn’t his girl friend say “good bye”? (hate) She Why don’t they answer the question? (hate) They 10 Why does Lan stay in the hotel near the Sword lake ? (like) She EXERCISE 13 Change the following sentences from active to passive Be sure to keep the same tense with each change Đổi câu sau đây từ dạng thức chủ động sang dạng thức thụ động Đảm bảo giữ đúng thì thay đổi The play disappointed us very much Mrs Backer manages the export division jack paid me the money The little boy ate two loaves of bread Janet bought the picture-book in kerry’s The teacher corrects uor exercise at home The boys started a dancing class last week Geoge met Mary at the dance He left the letter on the desk 10 Everyone will see the Picasso exhibition soon 11 Mrs Brown has just finished the lecture 12 An economic crisis usually followed the war 13 Somebody has taken my fountain pen 14 Our form teacher returned our written work to us 15 This woman has lost her precious purse (11)