Ở dạng này các em phải biết phối hợp thì giửa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian đi với: WHEN: Khi đó UNTIL: cho đến khi = TILL WHILE: Trong khi AS SOON AS: ngay khi BEFORE:[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC Sách sử dụng cho học viên: - Luyện thi Đại Học - Luyện thi học sinh giỏi lớp - Cũng cố văn phạm Các chuyên đề chủ điểm đề thi đại học, dựa trên ngữ pháp các lớp 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 phổ thông và ngữ pháp nâng cao www.elearn24h.com (2) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: THÌ VÀ SỰ HOÀ HỢP THÌ Phần lý thuyết: THE SIMPLE PRESENT (hiện đơn) A to be: S + am / is / are (not) Am / Is / are + S … ? VD: Tom _is (be) very happy B động từ thường: go, buy, take, dance… *thể khẳng định: I, we, you, they, N(số nhiều) + V0 … She, he, it, N(số ít) + Vess=> tận cùng O,S, X, CH, SH, Z / Y => IES Lưu ý: có động từ TO HAVE thì chúng ta vận dụng theo công thức sau I, we, you, they, N(số nhiều) + have…… She, he, it, N(số ít) + has…… VD: My mother usually gets_ (get) up early He often has_(have) a shower in the morning *thể phủ định (not) I, we, you, they, N(số nhiều) + not (don’t) + V0 She, he, it, N(số ít) + does not (doesn’t) + V0 *thể nghi vấn (?) Do/Does + S + V0 ……… ? VD: I _don’t go_ (not/go) to school on Sunday Does your sister watch TV every night ? C Nhận biết: often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week… VD: He often goes to class late THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (hiện tiếp diễn) A Cách chia: S + am / is / are + Ving …… S + am / is / are + not + Ving Am / Is / Are + S + Ving … ? B Nhận biết: now, right now, at the moment, at present… VD: What are you doing now? * Lưu ý: - Một số động từ thường không dùng thì tiếp diễn i: be, see, hear, feel, taste, know, understand, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, remember, forget, realize, believe, seem, suppose… VD: They want to go for a walk now THE PRESENT PERFECT ( hoàn thành): A Cách chia: S + have / has + V3ed … S + have / has + not (haven’t /hasn’t) + V3ed … Have / Has + S + V3ed … ? (3) B Nhận biết: just, recently ,yet, never, ever, already, before, since, for so far, until now, up to now, up to the present THE SIMPLE PAST ( quá khứ đơn): A to be : S + was / were (not) Was / Were + S … ? VD: I _was_(be) at home yesterday B động từ thường: S + V2ed … S + did not (didn’t) + V0 Did + S + V0 … ? C Nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last night/week/month…, in 1990 VD: Yesterday he went home late THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn): A Cách chia: S + was / were + Ving … S + was / were + not (wasn’t /weren’t) + Ving … Was / Were + S + Ving …… ? B Nhận biết: QKĐ when QKTD ; QKTD when QKĐ ; QKĐ while QKTD VD: She came in when he was still sleeping THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành): A Cách chia: S + had + V3/ed …… S + had + not (hadn’t) + V3ed … Had + S + V3ed … ? B Nhận biết: QKĐ after QKHT; QKHT before QKĐ ; QKHT by the time QKĐ VD: He had done his homework before he went to bed THE SIMPLE FUTURE (Thì tương lai đơn): A Cách chia: S + will / shall + V0 …… S + will / shall + not (won’t/ shan’t) + V0 … Will / Shall + S + V0 … ? B Nhận biết: some day, tomorrow, next week/month VD: He’ll come back next month She won’t go there tomorrow NEAR FUTURE (tương lai gần - Be going to) A Cách chia: S + (be) going to + V0 …… (am / is / are ) ` B Nhận biết: tomorrow, tonight, next week THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (Thì tương lai hoàn thành): (4) A Cách chia: S + will (shall) + have + V3/ed … B Nhận biết: by then, by the time, by + mốc thời gian VD: They’ll have built that bridge by June next year By next month, I’ll have left for India Phần bài tập: Dạng 1: Chia động từ dựa vào trạng từ nhận biết Ở dạng này, các em phải nắm vững dấu hiệu thì dựa theo cách dùng trạng từ nhận biết và điều quan trọng là các em phải thuộc công thức các thì Tiếng Anh VD1: Cho hình thức đúng đông từ ngoặc: Water boils (boil) at 1000C => dùng thì HTĐ, diễn tả thật hiển nhiên I have known them for many years : dùng thì HTHT, dựa vào dấu hiệu FOR + time Dạng 2: Phối hợp thì mệnh đề trạng từ thời gian Ở dạng này các em phải biết phối hợp thì giửa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng từ thời gian với: WHEN: Khi đó UNTIL: = TILL WHILE: Trong AS SOON AS: BEFORE: Trước = BY THE TIME SINCE: kể từ AFTER: sau Để làm tốt dạng bài tập này các em cần phải thực các bước sau: - Xác định ngữ cảnh câu xem hành động này xảy QK, HT, hay TL - Xác định câu có trạng từ thời gian gì - Tiến hành phối hợp thì theo quy tắc riêng nó: Ngữ cảnh QK: (thường các em gặp trạng từ YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, AGO động từ đã chia thì QK) when + QKĐ, QKTD ; QKTD + when + QKĐ : QKĐ + when + QKTD VD1: We were having supper when the phone ran while + QKTD, QKĐ ; QKĐ + while + QKTD ; QKTD + while + QKTD VD2: My father was reading newspaper while I was listening to music Before/ by the time + QKĐ, QKHT ; QKHT + before/by the time + QKĐ VD3: Before he arrived, everybody had left After + QKHT, QKĐ ; QKĐ + after + QKHT VD4: After I had finished work, I went out with my friends Ngữ cảnh tương lai: (thường các em gặp trạng từ TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK, NEXT MONTH động từ chia thì tương lai) S +will / shall /may /can + when /until / as soon as / before + HTĐ / HTHT VD1: I will wait here until they come VD2: After I get home, I will eat dinner Lưu ý: HTHT + since + QKĐ ; Since + QKĐ, HTHT VD3: She has taught here since she graduated (5) Bài tập thực hành dạng Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng đông từ ngoặc: I (have) coffee for breakfast every morning The student (look) up that new word right now Be quiet ,the baby (sleep) My friend ( be) in hospital for a long time, and he cannot go home yet They ( read) the newspaper yesterday I .(learn) English for two years Perhaps I (see) you again one day Summer (follow) Spring Bài tập 2: Chọn từ cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau So far, many beautiful hotels in HCM city A were built B has been built C are built D have been built .you paint the house last years ? A Was B Were C Did D Have We …… Dorothy since last Saturday A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen My sister …… for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked Hurry up, Jane ! We all …… for you A wait B are waiting C waiting D are waited Mary me an hour ago A phoned B has phoned C phones D was phoning Up to now, I a lot of information about her A would learn B learnt C have learnt D will learn Bài tập thực hành dạng 2: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng đông từ ngoặc I’ll come and see you before I …… (leave) for the States John …… (read) a book when I saw him Almost everyone …… (leave) for home by the time we arrived Henry …… (go) into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he …… (finish) dinner Before you asked, I …… (write) these letters He fell down when he …… (run) towards the church The light went out while I (have) dinner They (help) her as soon as they have completed the work 10 You will see him when he (come) here tomorrow Bài tập 2: Chọn từ cụm từ thích hợp hoàn thành câu sau He .for 25 years before he retired last year A has taught B had been teaching C has been teaching D was teaching Please send me a postcard as soon as you in London A will arrive B is going to arrive C have arrived D arrive I saw John yesterday morning while I home from work A walked B am walking C was walking D had been walking As soon as you your homework, you will be allowed to go out A are doing B had done C did D have done After Mary her degree, she intends to work in her father’s company A will finish B finishes C is finishing D will have finished She has worked as a secretary she graduated fro college A until B while C before D since Ann for me when I arrived (6) A was waiting B waited C had waited My handbag was stolen we were playing tennis A after B before C during They won’t come home until they everything A had seen B saw C were seeing 10 Don’t come I have finished lunch A after B as soon as C since CHỦ ĐỀ 2: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG Phần lí thuyết: Hình thức chung: BE + V3ed (quá khứ phân từ) Nghĩa: bị, Hình thức bị động thì cụ thể: - Hiện đơn: S + am / is / are + V3ed - Quá khứ đơn: S + was / were + V3ed - Hiện tiếp diễn: S + am / is / are + being + V3ed - Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was / were + being + V3ed - Hiện hoàn thành: S + have / has + been + V3ed - Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had + been + V3ed - Động từ khiếm khuyết (can, will, may, should…): S + modals + be + V3ed Các dạng đặc biệt: a Causative form (Thể nhờ bảo): “Have”, “Get” - Chủ động: S + have + O (person) + V0 + O (thing) - Bị động: S + have + O (thing) + V3ed VD: I had him repair the roof yesterday I had the roof repaired yesterday - Chủ động: S + get + O.1 + to V0 + O.2 - Bị động: S + get + O.2 + V3ed VD: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut b Verbs of opinion: Say, Think, Believe, Know, Report, Declare…(V1) Có dạng bị động: - Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2… - Bị động: => It + (be) + V1 (3/ed) + that + S2 + V2… => S2 + (be) + V1 (3/ed) + to + Vo…… Hoặc + to have + V1 (3/ed)… VD: - They say that John is the brightest student in class => It is said that John is the brightest student in class => John is said to be the brightest student in class c Passive of MAKE - Chủ động: S + make + O + Vo - Bị động: S + (be) made + TO + Vo Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng động từ ngoặc: People (grow) much rice in Mekong Delta Rice in Mekong Delta C has been waiting D while D see D until (7) Someone (break) the window last night The window (break) last night The children are using the computers right now The computers by the chldren right now They (not, use) the room for ages The room (not, use) for ages My mother (prepare) the dinner when I arrived home, so I took a shower first 10 The dinner (prepare) when I arrived home, so I took a shower first 11 People _ (speak) English at the meeting tomorrow 12 English _ (speak) at the meeting tomorrow 13 My father had someone _ (wash) his car 14 My father had his car _ (wash) 15 The lady makes his son _ (drink) milk every night 16 His son is made _ milk every night 17 The pupils are thought _ (go) to school by bus everyday 18 The pupils are thought _ (go) to school by bus yesterday 19 She got the man to paint the gate 20 She got the gate _ by the man Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng để hoàn thành câu sau We can’t have our car now; _ at the garage A it’s still being repaired B it’s still repairing C it’s still repaired D it’s still being repairing John you when he has finished the report A was calling B was being called C will call D will be called When I returned, I found that my car away A had been pulling B has been pulling C has been pulled D had been pulled The house six decades ago A was built B was building C will be built D was to be built The building A is being demolished B is demolishing C has demolished D been demolished While I this morning , I met Jane A shop B shopping C was shopping D am shopping Wait here until I you A am calling B am going to call C call D will call This room for ages A hasn’t used B hasn’t been used C hadn’t used D hadn’t been used I’m going to have my house _ this weekend A is redecorated B redecorated C will be redecorated D redecorate 10 I’d like to have my shoes _ at once A repair B repairing C repaired D being repaired 11 My shoes need _ A to clean B cleaning C to be cleaned D B & C 12 Pupils are made _ hard at school A work B to work C working D worked 13 The factory is said _ in a fire two years ago A being destroyed B to have been destroyed C to have destroyed D to destroy 14 He is said a good student in the class A being B to be C to have been D having been 15 English all over the world A speaks B is speaking C was spoken D is spoken (8) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ I Phần lý thuyết: Danh từ (NOUN) a Danh từ số ít (Singular Noun) - Danh từ không đếm (uncountable noun) Ex: food, milk, sugar, salt, fruit - Danh từ theo sau A/ AN (không hình thức số nhiều) Ex: a book, a box, an apples b Danh từ số nhiều (Plural Noun) - Danh từ tận cùng là _S / _ES Ex: books, boxes, apples, c Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều: N(số ít) + S/ES *Những danh danh từ bất quy tắc cần nhớ singular child man woman bacterium ox person N (số nhiều) plural children men women bacteria oxen people -Danh từ số nhiều hình thức số ít:: Ex: the police, children, women, cattle - Danh từ số ít luôn có S: Bệnh: measles (sởi), mumps (quai bị), rickets (còi xương), SARS, AIDS Môn học: Mathematics, Physics, … Thể thao: Gymnastics, billiars, … Quốc gia: The United States, The Phillipines Tổ chức: The United Nations… Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ (Subject and verb agreement) * Quy tắc chung Ssố ít+ Vsố ít Ex: The student is learning English The worker works very well Ssố nhiều + Vsố nhiều Ex: The students are learning English The workers work very well Để làm bài tập, cần phải xác định danh từ số ít và danh từ số nhiều, vì đa số danh từ thường làm chủ từ và vận dụng theo qui tắc chung: S(số ít) V(số ít) Lưu ý: not only + N1 + but also + N2 Either + N1 + or + N2 Neither + N1 + nor + N2 A number of + N Ving / to V0 V S(số nhiều) V(số nhiều) + V(N2) : động từ hòa hợp với danh từ gần nó (số nhiều) V(số ít) The number of + N V(số ít) (9) Phần bài tập: Cho hình thức đúng động từ ngoặc: Neither Bill nor Mary (be) going to the party tonight A number of reporters (be) at the conference yesterday Everything (be) all right so far Physics (be) my best subject at school The United Nations (consist) of about 160 nations Washing dishes (be) women’s work The number of days in a week (be) seven His answers to the questions (change) so far There (be) only a few people at the meeting last night 10 Both of the girls (be) pretty, but neither of them (be) intelligent 11 There (be) a few flowers in this garden last summer 12 Much progress (have) been made in recent weeks 13 Collecting old coins and paper notes (be) one of my grandfather's hobbies when he retired 14 Everybody (try) to the best at present 15 The English (like) to drink tea Chọn đáp án đúng hoàn thành câu sau Each of you …… responsible for this A are B being C is D be Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning A going B goes C are D gone Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result A be B are C is D to be Everyone …… with me about my plans A agree B agreeing C disagree D agrees Tim as well as his relatives …… safe from the hurricane A be B is C are D being The results of Dr Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night A is B are C was D were Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam A is B be C are D were The cost of living …… over 10% in the last few years A rises B has risen C rose D is rising A number of sheep …… eating grass now A is B are C was D were 10 Measles …… sometimes a serious disease A is B are C being D be 11 Making cakes and pies …… Mrs Reed’s specialty A are B were C is D be 12 Plenty of milk …… consumed everyday A are B were C is D was 13 SARS …… an epidemic that kills many people in china A are B were C have been D is 14 The United States …… between Canada and Mexico A lying B lies C lain D lie 15.The students in the next classroom …… very loudly everyday A talk B talked C are talking D talks (10) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Phần lý thuyết: Hãy quan sát các câu trực tiếp (Direct) đổi sang câu tường thuật (gián tiếp – Indirect) ví dụ sau: He says “I’ll take a computer course next month.” He says (that) he will take a computer course next month She said to me: “I’ll take a computer course next month.” He told me (that)he would take a computer the following month Nhận xét: - Khi động từ giới thiệu thì (say), thì hoàn thành (have/has said) thì tương lai đơn (will say) thì lời nói gián tiếp cần thay đổi đại từ NGÔI THỨ I => CHỦ TỪ (NGƯỜI NÓI) NGÔI THỨ HAI => TÚC TỪ (NGƯỜI NGHE) - Khi đổi ngôi, chúng ta phải chú ý đến chức và vị trí chúng mệnh đề tường thuật để đổi cho phù hợp NGÔI CHỦ TỪ TÚC TỪ TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU I Me My Mine SỐ ÍT You You Your Yours He /she /it Him/her/it His/her/its His/hers/its We Us Our Ours SỐ You You Your Yours NHIỀU they them Their theirs - Khi động từ giới thiệu thì quá khứ (said) thì lời nói gián tiếp ta phải thay đổi thì động từ, đổi từ hay cụm từ thời gian, không gian THAY ĐỔI THÌ TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP “Câu nói trực tiếp” (Direct) Câu nói gián tiếp (Indirect) - Hiện - Quá khứ - Quá khứ - Quá khứ hoàn thành - have / has - had - / does - did - did… - had… - am /is / are - was/were - Will, may - Would, might - Can - Could/be able to - Must, mustn’t - Had to, wasn’t to/weren’t to THAY ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ VÀ ĐẠI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH - This, these - That, those - Here, now - There, then - Today, ago - That day, before - Tomorrow - The following day, the day after, the next day - Yesterday - The day before, the previous day - Next week/month - The following week/month - Last week/month - The week/month before Phần bài tập: *Câu kể Direct: “ S + V + ” Reported: Speaker + said / ( told + O) + that + S + V 10 (11) “I have something to show you,” Jack said to her => Jack told “ I’m going away tomorrow, mother,” he said => He told He said, “ My wife has just been made a judge.” => He said “ I’m living with my parents at present,” she said => She said “I’ve made a terrible mistake.” said Peter => Peter said *Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định Direct: “ Vo ” or “Please + Vo ” Reported: Speaker + told / asked + O + to Vo “Lend me your pen for a moment,” I said to Mary => I told Mary “Help your mother, Peter,” Mr Pitt said => Mr Pitt asked “Come to the cinema with me,” he asked her => He asked her “Open your bag, please,” said the store detective => The store detective told me “Please read it before you sign it.” he said to his client => He told the client *Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định Direct: “Don’t + Vo .” Reported: Speaker + told / asked + O + NOT TO + Vo ” “Don’t argue with me,” the teacher said to the boy => The teacher asked the boy “Don’t lean your bicycles against my windows, boys,” said the shopkeeper => The shopkeeper told “ Don’t wait till tomorrow, boys” the teacher said => The teacher told “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said => She asked “ Don’t bathe when the red flag is flying,” said the lifeguard => The lifeguard asked us *Câu hỏi Yes/ No: Direct: “ Do/ does / did Is / am / are + S + ?” Can / will / Have Reported: Speaker + asked + O + If / whether + S + V “ Have you enrolled for more than one class ?” said Peter => Peter aked me 11 (12) “ Are you working as well as studying, Peter ?” She said => She asked “ Do you want to buy any second – hand books ?” said Bill => Bill asked me “ Did you play for your school team ?” she asked him => She asked him “ Can I bring my dog into the compartment with me, Tom ?” said Mary => Mary asked *Câu hỏi W-h: Direct: “ (W) H_ + / does / did + S + ?” is / am / are can/ have Reported: Speaker + asked + O + (W)H_ + S + V “Why did you travel first class ?” I asked him => I asked him “ Whose car did you borrow last night ?” I said to him => I asked him “Where were you last night, Mr Jones ?” she said => She asked “ What is your new house like ?” I asked her => I asked her He said, “ What is happening ?” => He asked Bài tập 2: Chon từ cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau She said I _ an angel A am B was C were D have been I have ever told you he _ unreliable A is B were C had been D would be John asked me _ in English A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _ A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day John asked me _ that film the night before A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen She asked me _ A where was her umbrella B where her umbrella was C where were her umbrella D where her umbrella were Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _ A before B ago C last D previous Andrew told me that they _ fish two previous days A have not eaten B had not eaten C did not eat D would not eat Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the following day A had done B will C would D was going 10 Did they say they me again ? A will phone B have phoned C would phone 12 D had phoned (13) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Phần lý thuyết: Câu điều kiện thường có mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (If clause) Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước sau mệnh đề chính Có loại câu điều kiện: Loại Mệnh đê - IF Mệnh đề chính I S + Vos/es (to be: am/is/are) S + will /shall/ can /may/must + Vo II S + Voed (to be: were) S + would/could/might + Vo III S + had + V3ed S + would/could/might + have + V3ed Lưu ý: - Có thể bỏ If trợ động từ đứng trước động từ như: If it stops raining = Should it stp raining If I were rich = Were I rich If he had known = Had he known - Unless = If… not… These plants will die unless you water them regularly These plants will die if you don’t water them regularly - Provide (that); On condition (that); As long as; So long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là…) - Suppose, supposing: giả sử - In case: trường hợp, phòng khi, nhỡ mà - Even if: dù là, cho là VD: I’ll accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory In case I forget, please remind me ò my promise Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do? Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were very busy Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng động từ ngoặc You are late If you _ (come) a few minutes earlier, you (meet) him If there are no subjunctive mood, English (be) much easier I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I (have) time What would you if you _ (win) a million pounds? If you didn’t this, you (be) punished If he had told me the truth, I (punish) him “What you think about the U.S?” “If I had known it was so industrialized I _ (be)come here” If they had not given me advice, I (fail) again If it _ (rain) the match will be postponed 10 I would have met you at the bus terminal if I _ (know)that you were arriving 11 If there (be) no floods last year, the crop (be)better 12 I don’t have enough time If I (have) more time, I _ (come) to see you 13 Peter failed the final exam If he (work) harder, he (succeed) 14 If he (be) taller, he (be) able to join the police 15 If I had known it would rain, I (take) my umbrellA Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sau sử dụng từ gợi ý 13 (14) I don’t know your address, so I can’t write you a letter => If ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I live in a countryside because I don’t have a house in the city => If ………………………………………………………………………………………………… If you don’t start early, you will miss the train => Unless…………………………………………………………………………………………… She didn’t call me last night because she didn’t know my phone number => If………………………………………………………………………………………………… They cancelled the trip because it rained heavily => If ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He is overweight He eats too much => If ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The room is cold because they leave the door open => If ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unless she works hard, she will fail the next exam => If………………………………………………………………………………………………… I didn’t buy a bicycle because I didn’t have enough money => I would…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me => Had……………………………………………………………………………………………… Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng If I were you, I _that A would apply for B will ask for C will have changed D can take If I _a wish I’d wish for happiness for my family A have B been having C had D was having If we had had time, we _to the party A can go B will go C would have gone D will have gone We couldn’t understand th teacher if he _too fast A spoke B has spoken C doesn’t speak D didn’t speak If everything is all right, we _our work on time A complete B are completing C have completed D will complete What _if the Earth suddenly stopped going around the Sun? A happens B will happen C would happen D happenned Unless you _quiet, I’ll scream A don’t keep B keep C kept D didn’t keep You’ll be able to speak English well if you _harD A study B studied C would study D had studied If I _you, I _invitation A am/will refuse B was/will refuse C were/would refuse D had been/will refuse 10 _, I’d have told you the answer A If you asked me B Had you asked me C You had asked me D Unless you asked me 11 I didn’t try hard, so I didn’t succeed A If I tried hard, I would succeed B If I had tried hard, I would succeed C If I tried hard, I would have succeeded D If I had tried hard, I would have succeeded 12 Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, she would get a cold A If mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold B If mary had worn the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold C If mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold D If mary has worn the raincoat, she won’t have got a cold 13 I haven’t got money, so I’m not going on holiday A Having no money made me go on holiday B Not having money on my holiday got me down 14 (15) C If I have money, I’ll go on holiday D If Ihad money, I would go on holiday 14 We didn't go on holiday last year because we didn't have enough money A If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday last year B If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year C If we hadn't had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year D Unless we had enough money, we would go on holiday last year 15 If I had enough money, …… A I will buy that house B I could buy that house C I can buy that house D I am buy that house CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: MỆNH ĐỀ AO ƯỚC (WISH) Phần lý thuyết: a) Future wish: (mong ước tương lai) S + wish (es) (If only) S + would (Could) + V0 VD: He wishes he would be an astronaut in the future If only I would be able to attend your party next Sunday B Present wish: (mong ước tại) S + wish (es) (If only) S + Ved/2 (be were) VD: I can’t swim I wish I could swim If only my mother were here (My mother isn’t here I wish my mother were here) C Past wish: (ao ước quá khứ) S + wish (es) (If only) VD: S + had + V3/ed…… She wished she hadn’t failed her exam last year (she failed her exam) If only I had met him yesterday (I didn’t meet him) Phần bài tập Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng động từ ngoặc: I wish someone _(give) me a job next month If only I _(have) motr time to this work He missed an exciting football match on T.V last night He wishes he _(watch) it I wish I _ (can take) the trip to Dalat with you next week He wishes his father _(be) here now to help him I wish she _(come) to see me yesterday Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng We wish we _a large house but we can’t afford it now A have B had C can have D will have My friend won’t lend me his car I wish _ A he lent me his car B he didn’t lend me his car 15 (16) C he would lend me his car D he will lend me his car My mother is not free today I wish _ A my mother is free today B my mother won’t be busy today C my mother would be free today D my mother were free today I’m sorry I haven’t got any money on me I wish _ A I have got no money on me B I have some money on me C I had some money on me D I had got no money on me I’m fraid our team will lose the game today I wish _ A our team won the game today B our team would win the game today C our team didn’t lose the game today D out team had won the game today My friends didn’t take part in the game I wish _ A my friends took part in the game B my friends had taken part in the game C my friends would take part in the game D my friends did take part in the game It wasn’t fine yesterday I wish _ A it was fine yesterday B it would fine yesterday C it will fine yesterday D it had been fine yesterday I wish I _more time now to help you with your lesson A have B had C would have D had had I wish I _psychology when I was a college student A had studied B would study C studied D study 10 I wish someone _to help me with that work tomorrow A offer B offered C would offer D had offered CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: make + O + Vo: bảo làm gì have + O + Vo : nhờ làm gì get + O + to Vo : nhờ làm gì let + O + V0: cho phép làm gì had better + Vo : nên would rather + Vo : thích would you please + Vo: làm ơn Suggest + Ving : đề nghị Deny + Ving : từ chối đã làm gì Admit + Ving : thừa nhận đã làm Mind + Ving : phiền Enjoy + Ving : thích làm Avoid + Ving : tránh … Apologize for + Ving: xin lỗi vì đã Look forward to + Ving: mong đợi làm gì Accuse + O + of + Ving : tố cáo đã Thank + O + for + Ving: cám ơn vì đã Prevent + O + from + : ngăn cản làm gì Blame + O + for + Ving: phàn nàn đã advise + O + to Vo: khuyên làm gì invite + O + to Vo : mời làm gì tell + O + to Vo : bảo làm gì ask + O + to Vo : yêu cầu làm gì order + O + to Vo : yêu cầu làm gì remind + O + toVo : nhắc nhở làm gì ask + O + to Vo : yêu cầu làm gì allow + O + to Vo: cho phép làm encourage + O + to Vo: khuyến khich làm refuse + to Vo : từ chối ko làm gì agree + to Vo : đồng ý làm gì promise to Vo : hứa làm gì Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng động từ ngoặc Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn’t want (call) at home unless there is an emergency 16 (17) When I told Tim the news, he seemed _ (surprise) He was often made _ (drink) milk by his mother The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _ (carry) Mr Miller hates _(keep) waiting The prisoner (think) to have escaped by climbing over a wall Pupils usually have their eyes _ (test) regularly Tom is thought (meet) the runaway murderer last week I expected (invite) to the party, but I wasn’t 10 When did you finish (paint) the kitchen ? Bài tập 2: Chọn từ cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau: His parents never allowed him A smoking B smoking C to smoke D smoke The teacher told his students laughing A to stop B stopping C stop D stopped His sister apologized rude to him A to be B for being C to being D being I advised her anything about it to her friends A not saying B not to say C saying D not say I asked Barbara to let me her car for the weekend A to use B used C using D use I'm looking forward _ receiving your email soon A at B to C in D for The teacher advised him harder A study B to study C studying D studies The mother told her son _ so impolitely A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave She told the boys _ on the grass A not play B did not play C not playing D not to play 10 He advised _ too far A her did not go B her not go C her not to go D she did not go 11 He asked _ him some money A her to lend B she to lend C she has lent D she lends 12 She apologized to the teacher _ being late A to B for C about D on 13 I _ everybody for all the help they had given me A thanked B blamed C apologized D suggested 14 The teacher encouraged _ good compositions A us write B us to write C us writing D us to writing 15 The doctor told me _ A I stay in bed for a few days B I will stay in bed for a few days C I have to stay in bed for a few days D to stay in bed for a few days CHỦ ĐỀ 8: ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (MODAL VERBS) Phần lý thuyết: A Modal + V0: dùng tình tại) MAY: có lẽ sẽ, có thể => dùng để thể hiện: - yêu cầu lịch Ex: May I borrow your pen ? - suy đoán không chắn Ex: - Where is John ? – He may be at the library 17 (18) - cho phép You may take my car as long as you return it before tomorrow MIGHT: giống MAY không mạnh MAY MUST: phải, chắn phải => dùng để thể hiện: - bắt buộc Ex: You must be here before o’clock - suy luận có Ex: Mary keeps crying She must have some problem *MUSTN’T: diễn tả cấm đoán Ex: You mustn’t smoke ten cigarettes a day SHOULD = OUGHT TO = HAD BETTER : nên => dùng để hiện: - khuyên bảo Ex: It’s late You’d better/should/ought to hurry up NEEDN’T: không cần phải => dùng để diễn tả: - không cần thiết Ex: I washed my car yesterday You needn’t wash it again B Modal + have + V3ed: dùng tình quá khứ MAY/ MIGHT/COULD + HAVE + V3ED: có lẽ đã MUST + HAVE + V3ED: chắn đã SHOULD + HAVE + V3ED: nên làm đã không làm NEEDN’T + HAVE + V3ED : không cần làm đã làm Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu sau với “must not” và “need not” You _ ring the bell; I have a key We _ drive fast; we have a plenty of time We _ drive fast; there is a speed limit here Candidates _ bring books into the examination room You _ write to him for he will be here tomorrow We _ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby You _ all the exercises Ten sentences will be enough I want this letter typed but you _ it today Tomorrow will You _ take anything out of the shop without paying for it 10 You _ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng I’m not sure I _ come a few minutes late A may B must C mustn’t D needn’t Bring your umbrella It _ rain later today A must B may C mustn’t D needn’t “What are you doing this weekend?” “I haven’t decided yet I _ go on a picnic with my family.” A may B may not C must D needn’t “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.” “You be very hungry now.” A might B may C mustn’t D must It’s quite urgent You _ type the reports today A must B might C needn’t D would Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late We _ be exactly on time for the meeting A must B mustn’t C needn’t D may Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she _ be here A must B shall C ought D will The gas tank is almost empty We stop at the next service station A mustn’t B might C needn’t D had better A person eat in order to live A have to B must C should D may 10 A person eat a balanced diet A should B ought C may D must 11 I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I walk home 18 (19) A should B mustn’t C have to D needn’t 12 You eat these mushrooms They are very poisonous A needn’t B can’t C mustn’t D won’t 13 I can’t find my umbrella I _ it in the restaurant last night A must have left B had left C left D might leave 14 I had a test this morning I didn’t it well I last night A should study B must have studied C should have studied D must study 15 Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday He ill A must be B must have been C might be D might have been CHỦ ĐỀ 9: MỆNH ĐÊ QUAN HỆ & RÚT GỌN Phần lý thuyết: Mệnh đề quan hệ còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nó dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề này nối với mệnh đề chính các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That các phó từ quan hệ When, Where, Why Cách dùng: * Who: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ người, làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nó VD: The women who lives next door is very friendly * Whom: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó Có người ta dùng Who thay cho Whom VD: The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle * Which: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ vật, đồ vật làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó VD: The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa * That: Đại từ quan hệ người, vật, đồ vật dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which, mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restrictive clauses (mệnh đề hạn định) VD: The book that you lent me is interesting This is the man that I met in Paris last month Lưu ý: - That dùng danh từ trước nó người, vật VD: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park - “THAT” KHÔNG dùng SAU DẤU PHẨY, SAU GIỚI TỪ, Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể bỏ VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party She ’s the person I met at the party Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought? * Whose: thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ (HER / HIS / THEIR / ITS + DANH TỪ) VD: I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor John found a cat whose leg was broken * When: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ thời gian dùng để thay cho (at/on/in) which, then VD: I’ll never forget the day when (on which) I met her That was the time when (at which) he managed the company * Where: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ nơi chốn dùng để thay cho (at/on/in) which, there VD: I went to the office where (in which) my father works Dalat is the place where (to which) I like to come 19 (20) * Why: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ lí dùng để thay cho “the reason” VD: I don’t understand the reason why he was late * Dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced form of relative clauses) Dạng 1: …N + who /which / that + be + Ving => ….N + Ving… (bỏ who /which / that + be ) VD: The man who is talking to you is my uncle => The man talking to you is my uncle (bỏ who is) Dạng 2: … N + who /which/which + V => …N + Ving … (bỏ who/which/that) VD: The path which leads to my village is very muddy => The path leading to my village… (bỏ which ) Dạng 3: … N + who/which/that + be + V3ed => N + V3ed (bỏ who/which/that + be) VD: The book which was written by Jack London was very interesting => The book written by Jack London … Dạng 4: the first /second / last + N+ who/which/that + V => the first/second N + to Vo… the only /best… VD: She was the last candidate who was interviewed last Sunday => She was the last candidate to be interviewed Phần bài tập: Dạng 1: Điền đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ Trong dạng này, tiến hành theo các bước sau: + Nhận dạng danh từ trước khoảng trống là N(người) hay N(vật), N(nơi chốn) hay N(tg) + Tìm đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ phù hợp với chức nó: 1, N(người) _who /that_ V ; N(người) , _who V 2, N(người) _whom / that_ S + V ; N(người) , _whom_ S + V 3, N(vật) _which /that_ S + V / V ; N(vật) , _which_ S + V / V 4, N(người) + N(vật) _that_ 5, N(người) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) whom 6, N(vật) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) which 7, N _whose_ N + V ; N _whose_ N + be ; N _whose_ N + S + V Danh từ này không có “a/an/the/her/his/their” 8, N(nơi chốn) _where_ S + V N(tg) _when_ S + V 10 reason _why_ S + V Bài tập 1: Điền đại từ trạng từ quan hệ thích hợp vào ô trống: The street _leads to my school is very wide That man, _name I didn’t remember, is an architect That was the reason _I couldn’t come early Do you know the girl _Tom is talking to? The novel _you need can’t be found in the library Can you suggest the time _we can have another discussion about this problem Tell me the countries _people drive on the left Is there anyone _can help me this? Marie Curie, _discovered radium, is one of the greatest in our time 10 The hotel _we are looking at is the biggest in Ho Chi Minh city Bài tập 2: Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful A what B who C where D which The children, parents work late, are taken home by bus A that B whom C whose D their He wanted to know the reason I was late A as B for C because D why 20 (21) My uncle, you met yesterday, is a lawyer A which B what C whose D whom Dien Bien Phu is the place our army won a resounding victory in 1954 A where B that C what D which The man we met yesterday was the manager of a bicycle factory A when B whose C who D which In our school library, there are several large tables we can sit to read books A where B that C when D which Yesterday was the day they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary A when B then C what D which That’s the house he used to stay A in which B of which C on which D which 10 This house, he bought in 1990, is being repaired at the moment A that B which C who D what 11 The woman son is studying at Hanoi University of Technology is a teacher A whose B what C whom D which 12 The boy eyes are brown is my friend A who B whom C which D whose 13 He never talks about the people he has helped A by whom B whom C which D whose 14 This school is only for children first language is not English A of whom B whose C who is D who 15 Mrs John, son won the championship last year lives next door to us A whose B what C which D who Dạng 2: Ghép câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ, trạng từ quan hệ: Trong dạng này, nên dùng phương pháp loại trừ đáp án không đúng dựa vào: + Dùng đại từ quan hệ thì phải bỏ từ mà nó đã thay phía sau + Dùng đại từ quan hệ sai + Trường hợp có giới từ và dấu phẩy + Sự hòa hợp chủ từ và động từ Lưu ý: Cần xem lại cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ mà thầy đã dạy tiết trước và hình thức bỏ đại từ quan hệ nó là túc từ câu Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau: He is the person _ A from who I bought this old car B which I bought this old car from C from that I bought this old car D from whom I bought this old car An architect is someone A that design buildings B who designs buildings C whose designs buildings D which designs buildings The girl is now in hospital A whom injured in the accident B was injured in the accident C who was injured in the accident D that she was injured in the accident The man was on holiday A I wanted to see B whom I wanted to see him C I wanted to see him D who wanted to see Do you know the girl A to who Tom is talking B whom Tom is talking C Tom is talking D to whom Tom is talking I haven’t got a passport, A that means I can’t leave the country B it means I can’t leave the country B which means I can’t leave the country D who means I can’t leave the country 21 (22) The girl _ is Australian A is talking to Tom C who talk to Tom None of the people could come A was invited to the party C who invited to the party An orphan is a child _ A who parents died C that parents are dead 10 The hotel _ was very clean A we stayed C in that we stayed B talking to Tom D to talk to Tom B were invited to the party D invited to the party B whose parents are dead D his parents are dead B which we stayed D where we stayed CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ LÍ DO Phần lý thuyết: Clauses of reason: (Mệnh đề lí do) Mệnh đề lí là mệnh đề phụ mang nghĩa BỞI VÌ Mệnh đề lí thường nối với các mệnh đề chính các liên từ (conjunction) như: Because, Since, As (Since và As thường đặt đầu câu) Because/Since/As + S + V… Cấu trúc: VD: She didn’t go to class yesterday because she was seriously ill Since/As she was seriously ill, she didn’t go to class yesterday Phrases of reason: (Cụm từ lí do) Cụm từ lí có nghĩa là BỞI VÌ, và thường because of là cụm giới từ (prepositional phrase), vì sau nó là danh từ (noun), cụm danh từ (noun phrase) cụm danh động từ (gerund phrase) Cấu trúc: .because of + Noun / Noun phrase / Ving VD: The class was not in order because of the teacher’s absence She didn’t go to class yesterday because of her serious illness She didn’t go to class yesterday because of being seriously ill Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu sau, sử dụng “BECAUSE” “BECAUSE OF” The car crashed _ the driver was careless He walked slowly his hurt leg We didn’t go out it rained heavily She went to bed early she felt tired I can’t sleep the hot weather He retired last month _ his illness They stayed at home it rained The boy was punished _ his bad behavior Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng We couldn’t sleep last night _the noise next door A although B since C because D because of I did it _they asked me to 22 (23) A so B because C because of D the reason Daisy was late _her car was broken down A because B because of C if D whether _he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle A because B as C since D all are correct They were sacked _their carelessness A because B because of C although D despite The boys were punished _they went to school late A because B because of C although D despite The mother got angry because _ A her son’s bad behaviour B her son will behave badly C her son behaved badly D her son bad behaing He lost his job _his laziness A because B because of C if D although CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN Phần lý thuyết: Clauses of concession: (Mệnh đề tương phản) + Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mang nghĩa: MẶC DÙ Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu từ nối Although, Even though, No matter, Whatever Cấu trúc: Although A Though + S + V… Even though VD: (Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest She went on walking (al)though she was terribly tired Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted (Even though dùng đễ nhấn mạnh tương phản) B No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how (adj/adv) + S + V Whatever + (N) + S + V Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu “No matter” “Whatever” thường đặt trước mệnh đề chính để nhấn mạnh VD: Whatever exercises she had taken, she was still fat No matter what she says, I don’t believe her Phrases of concession: (Cụm từ nhượng bộ): Cụm từ nhượng thường bắt đầu “In spite of” “Despite” Cấu trúc: In spite of + N/N phrase/Gerund phrase Despite VD: Despite his sickness, he still had to go to school We went out in spite of the rain Lưu ý: DESPITE không có OF theo sau 23 (24) Phần bài tập: Hoàn thành câu sau với “because (of)” ; “(al)though/even though /despite/ in spite of” _ he worked hard, he didn’t receive any praise He ate the chocolate cake _ he is on diet _ the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday _ it was cold, I went aout _ John didn’t study hard, he succeeded We took many picture _ the cloudy sky _ her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children She went home early _ she didn’t feel well I couldn’t get to sleep _ the noise 10 The students arrived late _the traffic jam Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất: _ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although _, he walked to the station A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired She left him _ she still loved him A even if B even though C in spite of D despite her lack of hard work, she was promoted A Because B Even though C In spite of D Despite of _ they are twin brothers, they not look like A Although B Because of C Because D In spite of Julie failed the exam _ of working very hard A despite B in spite C even if D though She walked home by herself _ she knew that it was dangerous A if B though C because D which they are brothers, they not look like A Although B Even C Despite D In spite of She left him she still loved him A in spite B even though C in spite of D despite 10 He refused to give up work, _ he’s won a million pounds A despite B however C even though D as though CHUYÊN ĐÊ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ, CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ Phần lý thuyết: Quá …… nên không thể too + ADJ /ADV+ (for O) to V… Ex: He is too short to play basketball Đủ… để ADJ / ADV+ enough + (for O) to V… Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car Quá … nên S + be + so + ADJ/ADV + that + S + V… S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V… Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it 24 (25) It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it S + V + so + many / few + N số nhiều + that + S + V… S + V + so + much / little + N không đếm + that + S + V… S + V + so + adj + a + N số ít + that + S + V… Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors (= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.) Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu sau với “SO” “SUCH” The sun shone .brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses Dean was a powerful swimmer that he always won the race There were .few students registered that the class was cancelled We had wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return we had good a time at the party that we hated to leave The benefit was great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it It was a nice day that we decided to go to the beach Jane looked .sick that the nurse told her to go home Those were difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them 10 There were .many people on the bus that we decided to walk Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu sau với “TOO” “ENOUGH” There were not people to have the meeting The box is .heavy for her to carry These shoes are not big for me to wear She was .late to go home Maria was tired to go out This novel was…………… boring for me to read Do you have time to talk now? The man is rich to buy everything This soup is .hot for us to eat 10 The room was dark for me to see anything Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng It is _city that he got lost A a such big B such big C such a big D a very big There are _in the universe that we can’t count them A so much stars B so many stars C such stars many D such stars much He has _to that he can’t go to the cinema with us A so much work B so many work C such much work D such a work The film was _boring that we had left before the enD A such B too C so D enough Faraday’s father was _poor to send him to school A so B too C much D very It took _time to learn this lesson A so B such C so much D so many I’ve never seen _people in one place A so much B so many C so much of D so this many of She is _to understand it A too intelligent B very pretty C enough ability D too young It is _book that just a few people like it A so an old B so old C such an old D such old 25 (26) 10 It was too late _ A to go for them to the party B because they go to the party C so they go to the party D for them to go to the party 11 His lesson were _interesting that no one felt bored with them A too B very C so D such 12 It was _that we went for a walk A such beautiful weather B no nice weather C so as beautiful night D such a nice weather 13 They are _ A so lazy boys as they are punished B so lazy boys that they are punished C such lazy boys that they are punished D such lazy that they are punished 14 I’m _ I can’t keep my eyes open A so tired that B such a tired C too tired that D very tired that 15 It was _a boring speech that I felt sleep A so B too C very D such 16 It was _that nobody could understand it A the lesson is difficult B so a difficult lesson C such a difficult lesson D the lesson such difficult 17 The film was _through A too long for us to see B too long for us seeing C very too long for us to see it D the lesson such difficult 18 The fog was _thick that we could hardly see the roaD A such B so C very D too 19 I’m too tired _anything A for doing B C done D to 20 The fog was so thick that our flight was cancelleD A The fog was quite thick, but the plane still took off B Despite the fog, the plane took off C Our flight was cancelled because the fog was quite thick D We had a nice flight in such thick fog CHỦ ĐỀ 13: MỆNH ĐỀ & CỤM TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH Phần lý thuyết: Phrases of purpose: (Cụm từ mục đích) mang nghĩa ĐỂ + Nếu câu có chủ ngữ, ta có thể dùng cụm từ bắt đầu bằng: - to - in order to - so as to + V0… VD: She studies English She wants to talk to foreigners to talk to foreigners She studies English in order to talk to foreigners so as to talk to foreigners + Nếu phủ định mục đích thì dùng cụm từ: mang nghĩa ĐỂ KHÔNG in order not to so as not to VD: + V0 He got up early He didn’t want to miss the train He gop up early in order not to miss the train so as not to miss the train 26 (27) Clause of purpose: (mệnh đề mục đích) + Nếu câu có chủ ngữ khác nhau, ta phải dùng mệnh đề mục đích bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order that - ĐỂ (KHÔNG) … so that … in order that VD: + S + V (can/could) + (not) + V0 (will/would) I try my best to study English, I want to find a better joB I try my best to study English so that I can find a better joB She hurrieD She didn’t want to miss the bus She hurried so that she wouldn’t miss the bus He spoke loudly He wanted everybody to hear him He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề mục đích He climbed the tree _ get a better view You should get up early _ you will have time to review your lesson Some young people like to earn their own living they will be independent of their parents We should morning exercises regularly _ improve our health We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world _ we can develop our national economy Every people in the world must unite their efforts _ maintain and protect peace She put on warm clothes _ she wouldn’t catch cold He hurried to the station _ miss the train She locked the door _ be disturbed 10 He hurried _ he could catch the train Bài tập 2: Chọn từ cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu sau We have to start early _ we won’t be late A so that B that C because D because of He worked hard _ they could pass the final examination A since B because C in case D so that He took his seat quietly _ A so as not to disturb their conversation B so as to disturb their conversation C in order not disturb their conversation D in order for him not to disturb their conversation He was looking for an eraser _ he could erase a mistake in his composition A because B therefore C so that D however We have studied hard _ we will be well prepared for the examination A because B since C so that D in case CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: SO SÁNH Phần lý thuyết: So sánh bản: Adjs or advs So sánh Ngắn AS + adj/adv + AS NOT SO / AS + adj/adv + AS Dài So sánh Adj/adv - ER + THAN MORE + adj /adv + THAN the same + (noun) + as So sánh kép: 27 So sánh THE + adj/adv - EST THE MOST + adj/adv (28) Hình thức Nghĩa Ví dụ The + SS (không THAN) + S + V, Càng … càng The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel the + SS hơn(không THAN) + S + V Ngắn: adj - ER AND adj - ER Betty is younger and younger Càng ngày Dài: MORE and MORE + adj The food is more and more expensive *Lưu ý: - Các tính từ và trạng từ bất bi tắc: SS SS SS As good/ well as better (than) the best As bad/ badly as worse (than) the worst As many/ much as more (than) the most As little as less (than) the least As far as farther / further (than) the farthest / the furthest Ex: She studies (well) than her friend She studies better than her friend - Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có âm tiết âm tiết tận cùng là -y, -et, -er, -le, -ow Ex: happy, quiet, clever, gentle, narrow - Các trạng từ hai vần tận cùng _LY xem trạng từ dài (trừ early) - Các tính từ tận cùng _ED; _ING xem tính từ dài Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng tính từ và trạng từ câu sau: David is (old) than John That mountain is the _ (high) in Europe This sentence is _(difficult) than the first one Manchester is the _(friendly) city in England My dog is (good) than yours The Mona Lisa is one of the _(famous) paintings in the world The weather is _(fine) than it was yesterday The is the (good) of the four pens This river is (deep) than that river 10 The Manhattan is one of the (expensive) restaurants in this city Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng She considers him person that she has ever met A most attractive B more attractive than C as attractive D the most attractive The I got to know you, the _ I understand you A most; least B more; less C much; little D most; less Lan is the _ of the three brothers Tan is his _ brother A younger; older B youngest; older C younger; eldest D youngest ; eldest The _ the speech, the the people got A longer; more sleepy B longest; sleepy C long; most sleepy D longest; most sleepy The teacher said that I had done my work than anyone else in class A worse B bad C worst D as bad Maria is than her sister A much pretty B more pretty C much more pretty D prettier The president is than he looks A little nervous B more nervous C as nervous D most nervous The economic conditions today are they were in the past A the best than B much better C much more good D much better than That was _ delicious meal I’ve ever had for a long time A the most B the more C the less D the little 10 Jim didn’t _ in his examination as he has hoped 28 (29) A more well B most well C so well D less well 11 The situation was much _ than we expected A worse B badder C worst D gooder 12 The accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Free way A worse B badest C worst D most bad 13 He ran than his friends A fast B very faster C more fast D faster 14 Peter likes Mathematics _ English A more B more good than C the most than D better than 15 Their house is _ beautiful than mine A as B more C much D so CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: TỪ NỐI & TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP Phần lý thuyết: Trong dạng này, làm theo các bước sau: - Xác định dấu câu: + “SO, BUT” là liên từ, thường nằm câu II và sau dấu phẩy (,) + “HOWEVER, THEREFORE” là từ chuyển tiếp nên có nhiều vị trí: đầu câu II (nhưng sau dấu chấm và trước dấu phẩy), cuối câu II và câu II - Xác định ngữ nghĩa câu: + “SO & THEREFORE”: vì thế, vì + “BUT & HOWEVER”: mà, nhiên; “but = yet” Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu sau với “ but, so, therefore, however” They may need a new goalkeeper, _ I want to be ready The new trains have more powerful engines and are _ faster I hadn’t done my homework _, I didn’t understand my lesson Mary was happy _, Alice was very sad He is sick _, he can’t come The professor told me that I was doing well, _ my final grade was awful The sky was grey and cloudy _, we went to the beach She had to help her mother _, she was often late for school I did my best, _ it was not good enough 10 The flight was delayed, _ we had time to have something to eat Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu sau với “although, therefore, however, but, so, because, despite, because of” và từ thích hợp khác It is very hot in the desert _, few trees can grow there Jame is offered the job, _ he is inexperienced James was not admitted to the university _ the age I tried to persuade her _, I didn’t succeed The story was very funny, _ nobody laughed The match went ahead _ the heavy rain It was too dark to go on, _ we found somewhere to stay Nam had to stay home to look after his mother because she was sick Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng It was late, I decided to phone home A however B but C although D because 29 (30) Minh had a terrible headache , he went to school A Therefore B Although C But D However Tom has a bike, he always walks to work A so B but C because D however Her mother was sick , Jane had to stay home to look after A Therefore B Since C However D So They asked me to wait for them, they didn’t turn up A but B however C so D therefore It was raining hard The match went ahead, _ A therefore B however C but D so We couldn’t get a seat, we arrived quite early A but B however C although D because Anne doesn’t get on well with people around her She has changed her job many times A however B so C therefore D although I did my best , it was not good enough A However B Therefore C Although D Even though 10 Many airlines are offering discount tickets for flights, _ more people are flying for weekend trips to scenic cities A so B because C although D whereas CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: LỐI NÓI PHỤ HOẠ Phần lý thuyết: Phụ hoạ khẳng định: Đi với TOO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + too S +V… (and) + S + do/does/did +too (and) + S + modals + too My sister is a doctor I am too (tôi vậy) I work two hours a day She does too I can sing He can too Đi với SO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY có đảo ngữ) (and) + so + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V… (and) + so + do/does/did +too + S (and) + so + modals + S My sister is a doctor So am I (tôi vậy) I work two hours a day So does she I can sing So can he Phụ hoạ phủ định: Đi với EITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + NOT + either S +V(NOT)… (and) + S + do/does/did +NOT + either (and) + S + modals + NOT + either My sister isn’t a nurse I am not either (tôi không) I doesn’t work on sunday She doesn’t either I can’t dance He can’t either 30 (31) Đi với NEITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG có đảo ngữ, không có NOT) (and) + neither + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V(NOT)… (and) + neither + do/does/did +too + S (and) + neither + modals + S My sister isn’t a nurse Neither am I (tôi không) I doesn’t work on sunday Neither does she I can’t dance Neither can he Lưu ý: Trong câu có chứa “NEVER, NO, RARELY.SELDOM RARELY” => dùng phụ hoạ phủ định Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Điền từ thích hợp vào ô trống Rose likes to fly, and her brother too They will leave at noon, and I .too He has an early appointment, and so I She has already written her composition, and so her friends Their plane is arriving at nine o’clock, and so mine I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so my neighbour We like to swim in the pool, and they .too Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so we He has lived in Mexico for five years, and you too 10 I must write them a letter, and she too 11 That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither her supervisor 12 We can’t study in the library, and they either 13 I haven’t worked there long, and neither you 14 You didn’t pay the rent, and she either 15 They shouldn’t run so fast, and neither you 16 John didn’t want anything to drink, and neither we 17 The students won’t accept the dean’s decision, and the faculty either 18 Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither .mine 19 She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister either 20 He didn’t know the answer, and neither I Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng She is a singer nor an actress A nor B both C neither D either My friend never makes noise in the class A Nor I don’t B Neither I C I never don’t D I don’t too His telephone doesn’t work and mine doesn’t A too B neither C so D either I never like horror movies - Really? A Neither I B I don’t neither C So I D I don’t, too I haven’t got a ticket have I A Neither B Nor C Either D A&B are correct Jane goes to school, and A my sister does too B does so my sister C my sister does either D .neither my sister He has seen her plays, and so A the girls B are the girls C have the girls D all are correct Velazquez was a famous painter, and Rubens too A is B will C has D was Tom has never been on time, and A his brother has too B so is his brother C his brother hasn’t either D neither hasn’t his brother 31 (32) 10 They hardly morning exercise and A we either B neither we C we too 11 He didn’t know the answer, and neither I A was B C did 12 She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister either A didn’t B could C wasn’t 13 Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither mine A have B has C hasn’t 14 My father won’t come back next Sunday, and neither .yours A will B won’t C does D so we D didn’t D couldn’t D haven’t D doesn’t CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: MẠO TỪ Phần lý thuyết: Mạo từ không xác định: A/AN - Dùng người nói chưa xác định cụ thể cái gì đề cập tới A dung trước danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm, EX: a book, a car, a pen, a man, a university An dung trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm, EX: an apple, an orange, an umbrella, an honest man, an hour *Lưu ý:cần phải phân biệt CHỮ (chưa đọc)và ÂM (được đọc và phát âm thanh) VD: a university (chữ “u” không phải là âm / đọc là âm “ju”, phải dùng là “a” an honest man (chữ “h” không phải là âm / đọc nó bị câm và từ đó đươc đọc là âm “o” nên phải dùng “an”) Mạo từ xác định: THE - Dùng người nói xác định rõ người vật đề cập đến Ex: For lunch I had an egg and a banana The egg was not good => Ta sử dụng an egg và a banana vì lần đầu tiên chúng đề cập Tiếp đó ta dung the egg vì người nghe biết chúng ta nói trứng nào -Ta dung the nói vật Ex: What is the highest mountain in the world ? The earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Điền vào chổ trống với mạo từ (a/ an / the) bỏ trống I want _ apple from that basket Miss Lin speaks _ Chinese One of the students said, “ _ professor is late today” Eli likes to play _ volleyball I bought _ umbrella to go out in the rain My daughter is learning to play _ guitar at her school Please give me _pen that is on the counter Albany is the capital of _ New York Our neighbour has _ cat and _ dog 10 _ ink in my pen is red 11 It is _funniest book that I have ever read 12 Can anyone give me _ hand, please because I have just fallen over? 13 She always said that when she grew up she wanted to be _ doctor 14 I have left my book in _kitchen and I would like you to get it for me 15 Please meet me at the train station in _ hour from now Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng: 32 (33) Hanoi is capital of Vietnam A an B a C the D one He doesn’t have _ experience of working in an office A much B some C an D the I studied chemistry at _ university A the B a C an D any I’ll have bath as soon as I get home A a B the C an D one He has just bought expensive furniture A an B some C the D a few What did you have for breakfast ? A the B no article C an D a Can you play piano ? A a B an C the D one If at all possible, try to communicate frequently with native speaker It is most ideal situation to learn a foreign language A a B an C the D one _ Amazon rain forest is considered to be one of the most important ecological environments in the world A A B An C The D One of 10 He has lived in United Kingdom A a B an C The D no article 11 I’ll give you _ call when I arrive A a B an C the D a few 12 The reading table is in middle of _ room A the / the B a / the` C the / a D a / a 13 _ umbrella should not be used during thunderstorm A A/ a B An / a C The / a D An / the 14 It was _ exciting football that everybody was absorbed in it A a B an C the D one 15 I’ll call you back in _ hour A a B an C the D a few CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: * ADJECTIVES (TÍNH TỪ): là từ dùng để miêu tả cho biết them chi tiết danh từ đồng thời giới hạn áp dụng danh từ Tính từ mô tả: good, tall, bright, short, attractive Tính từ giới hạn: - Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, his, her, its, our, their => Luôn theo sau danh từ Ex: This is my pen Her father is a teacher - Tính từ định: this (này) => these (những cái này); that (đó)=> those (những cái đó) - Tính từ xác định: Dùng với danh từ đếm (1) Dùng với danh từ không Nghĩa & Cách dùng đếm (2) - Many - Much Tất thành ngữ trên - A lot of - A lot of mang nghĩa là “NHIỀU”, 33 (34) - A large number of - A good number of - Lots of - Plenty of Ex: I have many friends - A few / Few Ex: I enjoy my life here I have a few friends and we meet very often He isn’t popular He has few friends - Each / Every Ex: Study each sentence carefully Every sentence must have a verb - A great deal of A large quantity of A good deal of Lots of Plenty of Ex: I don’t have much time to leave - A little / little Ex: Don’t hurry We’ve got a little time before the train leaves We must be quick There is little time danh từ theo sau từ xác định (1) phải hình thức số nhiều - Each / Every Ex: Every furniture in that room is made of wood Each time I see you, you look different - Each: Every: - Each & Every dùng với danh từ số ít Môt ít, vài Sau (1) là danh từ số nhiều A few và A little mang nghĩa xác định, Few và Little mang nghĩa phủ định (không đáng kể) Ngoài chúng ta còn có thành ngữ xác định khác: - The other + N(số ít): cái thứ hai hai cái Ex: The insurance office was on the other side of the street - The other + N(số nhiều): cái còn lại, phần còn lại Ex: When I returned home I found my wife talking to our neighbors The other guests had gone - Another + N(đếm số ít): cái khác bất kì Ex: I must find myself another job - Both, either, neither: dùng để nói đến hai người vật, việc Ex: Both men were interested in the job Neither restaurant is expensive We can go either restaurant I don’t mind - Some: Đứng trước danh từ đếm (số nhiều) danh từ không đếm câu khẳng định lời đề nghị lịch Ex: I want some milk My mother needs some eggs Would you like some more coffee ? - Any: (giống SOME) dùng câu phủ định và nghi vấn Ex: Do you want any sugar ? She didn’t see any boys in her class Phân từ dùng làm tính từ (Ving / V3/ed) - Một số tính từ xuất phát từ đông từ như: Interesting / Interested : thú vị, hay, hút Boring / Bored : chán Exciting / Excited : háo hức Surprising / Surprised : ngạc nhiên - Tính từ tận cùng là “ING” cho biết tính chất công việc, việc (mang nghĩa chủ động) Ex: Julia thinks politics is very interesting It was quite surprising that he passed the examination 34 (35) - Tính từ tận cùng là “ED” cho biết trạng thái người nào (mang nghĩa bị động) Ex: Julia is interested in politics Everybody was surprised that he passed the examination Danh từ làm tính từ: Danh từ có chức tính từ luôn hình thức số ít Ex: We took a tour that lasted five weeks => We took a five-week tour That student wrote a report that was ten pages long => That student wrote a ten-page report Chức tính từ: - Bổ nghỉa cho danh từ: đứng trước danh từ adj Noun Ex: He is a nice man I saw a beautiful girl last night - Bổ ngữ đông từ: đứng sau “be, get, look, become, seem, sound ” Ex: The weather becomes cold She looks more attractive in the blue dress - Bổ nghĩa cho các đại từ phiếm chỉ, đứng sau “something, anything, someone, everything ” Ex: I’ll tell you something interesting Is there anything new ? Trật tự tính từ: - Đôi danh từ bổ nghĩa nhiều tính từ Vị trí tính từ xếp sau Số + chất lượng + kích thước + tuổi tác + màu sắc + xuất xứ + chất liệu + danh từ (Number) (quantity) (size) (age) (color) (origin) (material) (noun) - Tính từ cảm nghĩ (nice, beautiful ) thường đứng trước tính từ miêu tả (new, large, round ) Ex: a nice long summer holiday An interesting young man - Tính từ kích thước và chiều dài (big, tall, long …) thường trước tính từ hình dáng và chiều rộng ( round, fat, wide) Ex: a tall thin girl a long narrow street Sự thành lập tính từ: Một số các tính từ thành lập cách them các hậu tố vào sau danh từ, động từ 1.Noun + (-ful, -less, -ly…) - Adjective Harm - Harmful Child - childless Day - daily Child - childlike Rain - rainy Self - selfish Nature - natural Poison - poisonous Verb + (-ive, -able… ) - Adjective Attract - attractive Accept - acceptable Một số tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định chúng ta thêm tiền tố vào: (un-, in-, im-, ) + Adjective - Adjective (không) Happy - unhappy Dependent - independent Possible - impossible Regular - irregular Legal - illegal 35 (36) V ADVERBS (TRẠNG TỪ): 1.Phân loại: -Trạng từ tính cách, thường thành lập “ ADJ + LY: Beautiful - beautifully Careful - carefully Bad - badly *Lưu ý: HARD, FAST, FAR vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ, chúng ta không thêm _LY vào - Trạng từ thời gian: yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now … - Trạng từ nơi chốn: around, somewhere, here… - Trạng từ thường xuyên: often, sometimes, seldom, always… - Trạng từ nghi vấn: where, when, how, why … Chức năng: - Bổ nghĩa cho đông từ thường: S + V + (O) + ADV Ex: He speaks English fluently - Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ: …… ADV + adj… Ex: She is extremely lazy - Bổ nghĩa cho câu: Ex: Luckily, he passes the final examination * Trạng từ từ đứng đầu câu để nhấn mạnh, phải đảo cấu trúc câu Trong số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng vị trí bình thường nó mà đảo lên đứng đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động chủ ngữ Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính: John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life Never have so many people been unemployed as today (So many people have never been unemployed as today) Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands (He had hardly fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be (We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.) Seldom does class let out early (Class seldom lets out early.) Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task (We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.) Phần bài tập Bài tập 1: Chọn từ đúng ngoặc để hoàn thành câu sau Are you (interesting / interested) in football ? The football match was quite (exciting / excited) I enjoyed it 36 (37) It’s sometimes _ (embarrassing / embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money Do you usually get (embarrassing / embarrassed) ? I had never expected to get the job I was really _ (amazing / amazed) when I was offered it She has really learnt very fast She has made (astonishing / astonished) progress It was a really _(terrifying / terrified) experience Afterwards everybody was very _ (shocking / shocked) I didn’t find the situation funny I was not (amusing / amused) Why you always look so _ (boring / bored)? Is your life really so _ (boring / bored) ? 10 He’s one of the most _ (boring / bored) people I’ve ever met He never stops talking and he never says anything _ (interesting / interested) Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng The teacher’s explanation was Most of the students didn’t understand it A confuse B confused C confusing D to confuse I seldom visit art galleries I’m not particularly in art A interested B interesting C bored D boring He works very hard It’s not _ that he’s always tired A confuse B to confuse C confused D confusing The lecture was I fell asleep A interesting B interested C boring D bored I’ve been working very hard all day and now I’m _ A exhausted B exhausting C to be exhausted D exhaust I’m starting a new job next week I’m quite about it A exciting B excited C boring` D bored Tom is very good at telling funny stories He can be very _ A amuse B to amuse C amusing D amused I’ve got nothing to I’m A boring B bored C interesting D interested Lisa is a very person She knows a lot, she’s traveled a lot and she’s done lots of different things A interests B interest C interested D interesting 10 I’m _ at his success A surprise B to surprise C surprised D surprising 11 Rarely succeed in ballet if they start after the age of 12 A children B children have C children D are children 12 Hardly entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his office key A he had B had he C He has D has he Bài tập 3: Sắp xếp tính từ sau để làm thành cụm danh từ hoàn chỉnh nice / a / pullover / a / new => _ house / a(n) / old / beautiful => _ metal / a / box / small / black => _ beautiful / long / hair / black => _ painting / French / a(n) /old / interesting => _ Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành câu sau , sử dụng danh từ tính từ: Her call to California lasted ten minutes She made to California Sam’s new apartment is in a building which has twelve storeys Sam’s new apartment is in a _ building We teach languages We are _ teachers The manager said that the sale would last for two days The manager said that it would be a sale Mal bought a tool set containing 79 pieces Mal bought a _tool set Bài tập 5: Điền vào chổ trống với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little” 37 (38) Ann is very busy these days She has free time Did you take _photographs when you were on holiday ? I’m not very busy today I haven’t got to The museum was very crowded There were too people Most of the town is modern There are old buildings The weather has been very dry recently We’ve had _ rain Listen carefully I’m going to five you advice Do you mind if I ask you _ questions? This town is not a very interesting place to visit., so _ tourists come here 10 I don’t think Jose would be a good teacher She’s got patience 11 “Have you ever been to Paris ?” “Yes, I’ve been there times” 12 You made so _ mistakes in your writing 13 I not know _ about biology I have _ knowledge about genetics 14 The boy are making too _ noise 15 How languages can you speak ? And how _ time you spend on learning English? Bài tập 6: Chọn từ đúng ngoặc: Rita plays the violin (good /well) That is an _ (intense / intensely) novel The sun is shining _ (bright / brightly) The following day she felt (sufficiently / sufficient) well to go to work We don’t like to drink (bitter / bitterly) tea He had an accident because he was driving too _ (fast / fastly) Your cold sounds (terrible / terribly) They became _ (sick / sickly) after eating the contaminated food There’s no point in doing a job id you don’t it _ (proper / properly) 10 Rose is _ (terrible / terribly ) upset about losing her job 11 Nam works very (hard / hardly) 12 Miss White sang very (beautiful / beautifully) at my birthday party last night 13 I like this motorbike because it ‘s very _ (economical / economically) It consumes less petrol 14 His boss sacked him because he had behaved (irresponsible / irresponsibly) 15 Thanks to (economic / economically) reforms, our country has had a lot of changes CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19: DANH TỪ Phần lý thuyết: CÁCH THÀNH LẬP DANH TỪ: Thêm tiếp vị ngữ sau (suffixes) vào từ gốc ta có danh từ SUFFIXES NOUNS -ance reliance, performance -ence residence, dependence -er, -or actor, computer compiler, adaptor -ist, -yst analyst, pianist, -((a)t)ion action, destination, conclusion, conversion -ness kindness, blindness -ment measurement, treatment -ity brevity, electricity, variety -ian electrician, pedestrian -ism mechanism, realism -ship relationship, friendship 38 (39) -ive -acy initiative, objective literacy, poignancy VỊ TRÍ & CHỨC NĂNG: - Đứng sau tính từ: Ex: We have a good relationship _ (relate)=> Good là tính từ nên sau nó phải là danh từ - Làm chủ từ câu: Ex: The applicant looks nervous - Làm túc từ câu: Ex: She asked the candidates many questions Phần bài tập: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu bên In spite of her illness, she is cheerful A relation B related C relative D relatively Smoking is to the health A harm B harmful C unharmed D harmless The surgeons tried their best to save his life, but unfortunately the operation was A succeeded B successful C unsuccessful D successfully The pilot of an airplane is _ for the safely of the passengers A responsible B responsibility C responsibly D responsive Mike Tyson is a boxer A profession B professional C professionally D professor These children look _ A health B healthy C healthful D healthily Nowadays, women are more _ than they used to be A independent B independently C independence D independency Many people were after the storm A home B homely C homeless D homelessness You look in your new dress A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D beautify 10 They dealt with the problem in a _ way A purpose B purposeful C purposefully D purposelessly 11 Jim is a very person A rely B reliable C reliability D reliance 12 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a geo-political and _ organization A economy B economic C economics D economical 13 ASEAN's aims include the acceleration of economic growth, _ progress, cultural, development among its members, and the promotion of regional peace A society B social C socially D socialize 14 A holiday in America can be cheap A surprise B surprised C surprising D surprisingly 15 The panda’s habitat is the bamboo forest A nature B natural C naturally D natured 16 He was born blind; but despite this _he still managed to become one of the top pop singers of his generation A disability B ability C unable D disable 17 His health was seriously affected and he suffered from constant _ A sleeping B sleeplessness C sleepy D asleep 18 He hoped his would give him a pay rise A employee B employ C employed D employer 19 The _was a success; the patient will fully recover in a month's time A operating B operator C operate D operation 39 (40) 20 Faraday was the _ of the first generator A inventing B invention C inventor D inventive CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: GIỚI TỪ & CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: 1.Giới từ (prepositions): AT At At At At At At At At At At Nơi chốn home work school the seaside the corner of the top/ bottom the beginning the end the airport/ station the age of IN Thời gian At o’clock At night At Christmas At At At At At last once weekends present the moment Nơi chốn In (ở trong) In the street In bed In prison ON Thời gian In June In spring In 2009 In the morning In time (sớm) In this week Nơi chốn On (ở trên) On TV/ radio On the beach On foot On horseback On a bus On the board Thời gian On Sunday On June7th, 2009 At Christmas day On time (đúng giờ) 2.Cụm động từ: Giới từ After Away back by down in off Cụm đtừ look after take after go after go away Throw away Pass away Go back Draw back Give back Go by Pass by Stand by Go down Break down Lie down Fill in Take part in Believe in Call off Go off Turn off Take off Nghĩa Chăm sóc Giống Đuổi theo Đi khỏi Ném , vứt = die: chết Trở lại Rút lui Trả lại Trôi qua Đi ngang qua ủng hộ Hạ giá Hư hỏng Nghỉ ngơi Điền vào Tham gia Tin vào Trì hoãn Nổ / reo (đồng hồ) Tắt Cỡi Giới từ on out for up 40 Cụm đtừ go on turn on put on go out run out look out = watch out stand for look for Wait for give up wash up look up turn up = show up hold up get up hurry up go up pick up set up Wake up Tidy up Make up Nghĩa Tiếp tục Mở Mặc vào Đi chơi, tắt (điện) Cạn kiệt Cẩn thận Viết tắt Tìm kiếm Chờ Từ bỏ Dọn dẹp Tra cứu (từ điển) Xuất Hoãn lại Thức dậy Nhanh Tăng giá Nhặt/đón Thành lập Thức giấc Dọn dẹp Trang điểm / tạo dựng (41) Phần bài tập Bài tập 1: You look tired Sit and have a cup of tea I’m looking for yesterday’s newspaper Did you throw it _? Turn the music! It’s too loud! I live in Bristol now, but I grew in Leicester Come ! Hurry _ ! You’ll be late for school O.K I’ll pick you _ at a.m tomorrow Don’t worry about the baby I’ll look her while you are out John! Wake _! Can you hear a noise downstairs? I have to stop to fill in my car The tank runs _ _ petrol 10 I always go _ all my lessons before the test 11 There was a power failure and all the lights went _ 12 We all woke _ in the middle of the night when the alarm clock suddenly went _ 13 – Why is Mr Smith so depressed? – His business has gone recently 14 – How is your brother study going _? – Fine He’s made steady progress 15 Time goes _ quickly when we are busy, doesn’t it? 16 What a pretty dress! Turn _ ! Let me look at it from the back 17 “Can you look this word? I don’t understand it.” 18 “What should I with this form?” “Fill it _.” 19 The football match had to be call _ because of the weather 20 The story Kate told wasn’t true She made it 21 I heard a big noise and woke _ at 2.30 this morning 22 It’s too dark I can’t go reading 23 Hurry ! The train’s coming 24 Did you have to fill a form when you applied for the job? 25 Who looks _ your grandmother when she is ill? 26 I can’t hear the news on TV, please turn the radio _ 27 I’m bored, could you go _ with me for a while? 28 Mary put her best clothes for the party 29 Remember to put your shoes when you come in the house 30 Would you like to listen _ some music while waiting? 31 I’m afraid the machine has broken _ 32 For the sake of your health, you ought to give _ alcohol 33 You can hardly live $10 a week 34 We need to make a decision today at the latest We can’t hold it any longer 35 George finally turned _ nearly an hour late 36 A bomb went _ near the station, but no one was injured 37 There is no need to get angry Calm _! 38 My alarm clock went in the middle of the night and woke me _ 39 Every morning after I get , I put my clothes, then I turn _ my cassette to listen _music 40 Oh, what a terrible mess! Please wash it _ after you finish eating 41 (42) CHUYÊN ĐẾ 21: CÁC CÂU GIAO TIẾP Phần lý thuyết: Chào hỏi và đáp lại: chào hỏi (Greeting) Hi (or Hello) How are you? Hi How ya doin’? Hi How’s it goin’? Hi How’ve you been? Hi How goes it? (very informal) Hi How are things? Hi What’s happening? (very informal) Hi What’s new? Hi What’ve you been up to lately? Kết thúc (Ending) Goodbye ! I’ve got to go See you then đáp lại (Response ) Fine And you? O.K How about you? Pretty good How about you? Not too bad How about yourself? Everything’s O.K How you doin’? O.K Can’t complain (very informal) Oh, not much How about with you? Not a whole lot (very informal) How about with you? Þ Not too much How ’bout you? Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Þ Đáp lại (Response) Bye! See you again Bye ! See you later Take care Giới thiệu A How you ? Nice to meet you B How you ? Nice to meet you, too Mời Lời mời (invitaion) Would you like… Would you be interested in Chấp nhận (Accepting) Yes, I’d love to That’s very kind of you, thanks What a great idea, thanks Từ chối (Refusing) No, thanks I,d love to, but I really don’t think I can I’m afraid not Khen Khen (compliment) I would like to compliment you on… I think your hair is You really have … Chấp nhận (Accepting) Thank you It’s very nice of you to say so I’m glad to like it Thanks It’s a nice compliment Từ chối (Rejecting) You must be kidding You’ve got to be kidding Đồng ý và không đồng ý: Đưa ý kiến (Giving opinion) I think … In my opinion,… In my point of view… I believe… Đồng ý (Agreement) I agree completely You are right You are correct I think so I hope so 42 Không đồng ý (Disagreement) Really ? I’m not sure I couldn’t agee No, that’s wrong I don’t think so (43) Cảm ơn: Cảm ơn (thanks) I’m very grateful for… Thank you very much for … Thanks for… It was nice of you… Đáp lại (Response) You are welcome Don’t mention it It was my pleasure Don’t worry about it Xin lỗi: Xin lỗi (apology) Forgive me I’m terribly sorry about… I apologize for… I’m sorry.I didn’t mean… Sorry about that Đáp lại (Response) That’s quite all right I understand completely That’s OK No problem Don’t worry about it Đề nghị Đề nghị (suggestions) Đáp lại(Response) I suggest/think you should I was thinking exactly that myself It might be better to Sounds good (to me) We/You ought to OK, let’s do/try that If I were you , I would … Yes, let’s that I (don’t) think we/you should You’re right You/We could That’s a good idea Couldn’t you/we ? It’s a good idea, but Shall we ? But what if ? How/What about ? he only thing / problem is Why don’t you/we ? Why not ? Let’s Phần bài tập: Peter: “How you do?” – Mary: “ _” A.Yeah,OK B Not too bad C How you do? D I’m well.Thank you Lam: “Bye!”- Lan “ _.” A.See you lately B See you later C.Thank you D Meet you again John: “I’ve passed my final exam.”- Tom: “ ” A.Good lock B It’s nice of you to say so C.That’s a good idea D.Congratulation! Hung: “Would you like to have dinner with me?”- Lam: “ .” A.Yes, I’d love to B I’m very happy C.Yes,it is D.Yes,so I David: “You’ve got a beautiful dress!” – Helen: “ .” A I B Thanks for your compliment C.You, too D Okay Jack: “I’ve got to go, Sarah So long.” – Sarah: “So long, Jack And _.” A.be careful B.don’t hurry C take care D.don’t take it seriously Mary: “That’s a very nice skirt you’re wearing.”- Julia: “ _.” A.That’s nice B I like it C That’s all right D I’m glad you like it David: “Happy Christmas!”- Jason: “ ” A.You are the same! B Same for you! C The same to you! D Happy Christmas with you! 43 (44) A: “Sorry I’m late.” – B: “ .” A OK B Don’t worry C Hold the line, please D Go ahead 10 Mary: “I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “ .” A Thank you B Same to me C Good luck D See you 11 A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “ .” A Go ahead B Not at all C Come on D I’m pleased you like it 12 A: “Are you coming on Saturday?” – B: “ .” A I’m afraid not B I’m afraid not to C I’m afraid to D I’m afraid I don’t 13 Ann: “Do you think you’ll get the job?” – Mary: “ .” A I know so B Well, I hope so C I think not D Yes, that’s right 13 A: “Are you free this coming Sunday?” – B: “ ” A Yes, I will B No, thank you C Yes, I can D I think so Why? 14 A: “ ” – B: “Certainly” A Welcome back! B What are you doing there? C I’m sorry I am late D May I borrow a pencil , please? 15 A: “Would you like some more tea?” – B: “ ” A Yes, please B Here you are C It doesn’t matter D I’m OK 16 Hello, my name’s John to meet you A Please B I am very well C Pleased D Thank you 17 Peter: “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift.” – Mary: “ ” A You are welcome B Thank you C Cheers D Have a good day 18 A: “Thank you for a lovely evening.” – B: “ ” A Don’t mention it B I’m glad you enjoy it C Yes, I’d like that D Yes, that would be very nice 19 A: “I hope to see you again.” – B: “ ” A I hope so, too B Good enough C Thank you D I realy enjoy meeting you, too 20 “Would you like a cup of coffee?” – “ ” A Yes, thanks a lot B No, thanks you C Yes, please D No, you are welcome 21 Charles: “ Excuse me ….Mr Ward?” – Mr Ward: “ ?” A Eh! What B Yes C No D Thank you 22 A: “Let’s meet for a coffee tonight.” – B: “ ” A I hope not B I’m afraid I can C Yes, let’s D Yes, thank you 23 “ Is she coming to the party tonight ?” – “ _ ” I ca’t stand seeing her behaviour.” A I don’t think so B I hope so C I don’t hope so D I hope not 24 Alice: “ What shall we this evening?” – Carol: “ ……………………………” A Let’s go out for dinner B Oh, that’s good! C No problem D I went out for dinner 25 “ Thank you for coming to meet us” – “ ………………………” A You are welcomed B Same to you C Thank you too D Not at all 26 “ Thanks for your help.” – “……………………………” A You are welcomed B That’s all right C Thank you, too D The same to you 27 A: Does Maria speak English well? – B: ………………………… A Yes I B I think not C I don’t think so D She thinks so 28 Helen: “ May I introduce you to Mary, Peter ?” – Peter: “ …………………………………?” A How are you, Mary? B How you do, Mary? C Pleased to meet you, Mary D B and C are correct 29 A: “ How about a biscuit?” – B: ………………………… I’m on a diet A Yes, please B Yes, thank you C No, thanks D It’s OK 30 “ Thank you very much for the wonderful gift.” – “ …………………………” A Good luck B Don’t mention it C Congratulations D You are welcome 44 (45) RREGULAR VEBS (Bảng Động từ bất quy tắc) abide abode/abided abode / abided lưu trú, lưu lại arise arose arisen phát sinh awake awoke awoken đánh thức, thức be was/were been thì, là, bị bear bore borne mang, chịu dựng become became become trở nên befall befell befallen xảy đến begin began begun bắt đầu behold beheld beheld ngắm nhìn bent bent bẻ cong beset beset beset bao quanh bespeak bespoke bespoken chứng tỏ Bid bid bid trả giá bind bound bound buộc, trói 15 bleed bled bled chảy máu blow blew blown thổi break broke broken đập vỡ breed bred bred nuôi, dạy dỗ bring brought brought mang đến broadcast broadcast phát build built built xây dựng burn burnt/burned burnt/burned đốt, cháy buy bought bought mua cast cast cast ném, tung caught caught bắt, chụp chide chid/ chided chid/ chidden/ chided mắng chửi choose chose chosen cleave clove/ cleft/ cleaved cloven/ cleft/ cleaved chẻ, tách hai cleave clave cleaved dính chặt came come đến, đến cost cost có giá là 10 bend 20 broadcast 25 catch 30 come cost 45 chọn, lựa (46) crow crew/crewed crowed gáy (gà) cut cut cut cắt, chặt deal dealt dealt giao thiệp dug dug dào dive dove/ dived dived lặn; lao xuống draw drew drawn vẽ; kéo dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed mơ thấy drink drank drunk uống 40 drive drove driven lái xe dwell dwelt dwelt trú ngụ, eat ate eaten ăn fall fell fallen ngã; rơi feed fed fed cho ăn; ăn; nuôi; 45 feel felt felt cảm thấy fight fought fought chiến đấu find found found tìm thấy; thấy flee fled fled chạy trốn fling flung flung tung; quang flew flown bay forbear forbore forborne nhịn forbid forbade/ forbad forbidden cấm đoán; cấm forecast forecast/ forecasted forecast/ forecasted tiên đoán foresee foresaw forseen thấy trước 55 foretell foretold foretold đoán trước forget forgot forgotten quên forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ forsake forsook forsaken ruồng bỏ freeze froze frozen (làm) đông lại got got/ gotten có gild gilt/ gilded gilt/ gilded mạ vàng gird girt/ girded girt/ girded đeo vào give gave given cho go went gone 35 dig 50 fly 60 get 46 (47) 65 grind ground ground nghiền; xay grow grew grown mọc; trồng hang hung móc lên; treo lên hear heard heard nghe heave hove/ heaved hove/ heaved trục lên hid hidden giấu; trốn; nấp hit hit hit đụng hurt hurt hurt làm đau inlay inlaid inlaid cẩn; khảm input input input đưa vào (máy điện toán) 75 inset inset inset dát; ghép keep kept kept giữ kneel knelt/ kneeled knelt/ kneeled quỳ knit knit/ knitted knit/ knitted đan know knew known biết; quen biết laid laid đặt; để lead led led dẫn dắt; lãnh đạo leap leapt leapt nhảy; nhảy qua learn learnt/ learned learnt/ learned học; biết leave left left đi; để lại lent lent cho mượn (vay) let let let cho phép; lie lay lain nằm light lit/ lighted lit/ lighted thắp sáng lose lost lost làm mất; 90 make made made chế tạo; sản xuất mean meant meant có nghĩa là meet met met gặp mặt mislay mislaid mislaid để lạc misread misread misread đọc sai 95 misspell misspelt misspelt viết sai chính tả mistake mistook mistaken phạm lỗi, lầm lẫn misunderstood hiểu lầm 70 hide 80 lay 85 lend misunderstand misunderstood 47 (48) mow mowed mown/ mowed cắt cỏ outbid outbid outbid trả giá 100 outdo outdid outdone làm giỏi outgrow outgrew outgrown lớn nhanh output output output cho (dữ kiện) outrun outran outrun chạy nhanh hơn; vượt quá outsell outsold outsold bán nhanh overcame overcome khắc phục overeat overate overeaten ăn quá nhiều overfly overflew overflown bay qua overhang overhung overhung nhô lên trên, treo lơ lửng overhear overheard overheard nghe trộm 110 overlay overlaid overlaid phủ lên overpay overpaid overpaid trả quá tiền overrun overran overrun tràn ngập oversee oversaw overseen trông nom overshoot overshot overshot quá đích 115 oversleep overslept overslept ngủ quên overtake overtook overtaken đuổi bắt kịp overthrow overthrew overthrown lật đổ pay paid paid trả (tiền) prove proved proven/proved chứng minh(tỏ) put put đặt; để read read read đọc rebuild rebuilt rebuilt xây dựng lại redo redid redone làm lại remake remade remade làm lại; chế tạo lại rent rent toạc ra; xé repay repaid repaid hoàn tiền lại resell retold retold bán lại retake retook retaken chiếm lại; tái chiếm rewrite rewrote rewritten viết lại rid rid giải thoát 105 overcome 120 put 125 rend 130 rid 48 (49) ride rode ridden cưỡi ring rang rung rung chuông rise rose risen đứng dậy; mọc run ran run chạy sawed sawn cưa say said said nói see saw seen nhìn thấy seek sought sought tìm kiếm sell sold sold bán sent sent gửi sew sewed sewn/sewed may shake shook shaken lay; lắc shear sheared shorn xén lông cừu shed shed shed rơi; rụng shone shone chiếu sáng shoot shot shot bắn show showed shown/ showed cho xem shrink shrank shrunk co rút shut shut shut đóng lại 150 sing sang sung ca hát sink sank sunk chìm; lặn sit sat sat ngồi slay slew slain sát hại; giết hại sleep slept slept ngủ slid slid trượt; lướt sling slung slung ném mạnh slink slunk slunk smell smelt smelt ngửi smite smote smitten đập mạnh sowed sown/ sewed gieo; rải speak spoke spoken Nói speed sped/ speeded sped/ speeded chạy spell spelt/ spelled spelt/ spelled đánh vần 135 saw 140 send 145 shine 155 slide 160 sow 49 (50) spend spent spent tiêu sài spilt/ spilled spilt/ spilled tràn đổ spin spun/ span spun quay sợi spit spat spat khạc nhổ spoil spoilt/ spoiled spoilt/ spoiled làm hỏng spread spread spread lan truyền 170 spring sprang sprung nhảy stand stood stood đứng stave stove/ staved stove/ staved đâm thủng steal stole stolen đánh cắp stick stuck stuck ghim vào; đính 175 sting stung stung châm; chích; đốt stink stunk/ stank stunk bốc muìi hôi strew strewed strewn/ strewed rắc , rải stride strode stridden bước sải strike struck struck đánh đập 180 string strung strung gắn dây vào strive strove striven cố sức swear swore sworn tuyên thệ sweep swept swept quét swell swelled swollen/ swelled phồng; sưng 185 swim swam swum bơi; lội swing swung swung đong đưa take took taken cầm; lấy teach taught taught dạy; giảng dạy tear tore torn xé; rách 190 tell told told kể; bảo think thought thought suy nghĩ throw threw thrown ném; liệng thrust thrust thrust thọc; nhấn tread trod trodden/ trod giẫm; đạp unbent unbent làm thẳng lại undercut undercut giá rẻ 165 spill 195 unbend undercut 50 (51) undergo underwent undergone kinh qua underlie underlay underlain nằm underpay undercut undercut trả lương thấp undersold undersold bán rẻ understand understood understood hiểu undertake undertook undertaken đảm nhận underwrite underwrote underwritten bảo hiểm undo undid undone tháo unfroze unfrozen làm tan đông unwind unwound unwound tháo uphold upheld upheld ủng hộ upset upset upset đánh đổ; lật đổ wake woke/ waked woken/ waked thức giấc waylaid waylaid mai phục wear wore worn mặc weave wove/ weaved woven/ weaved dệt wed wed/ wedded wed/ wedded kết hôn weep wept wept khóc wet / wetted wet / wetted làm ướt win won won thắng; chiến thắng wind wound wound quấn withdraw withdrew withdrawn rút lui withhold withheld withheld từ khước withstood withstood cầm cự work wrought / worked wrought / worked rèn (sắt) wring wrung wrung vặn; siết chặt write wrote written viết 200 undersell 205 unfreeze 210 waylay 215 wet 220 withstand 51 (52) Mục lục: Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: THÌ VÀ SỰ HOÀ HỢP THÌ 2 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT 10 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN _ 13 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: MỆNH ĐỀ AO ƯỚC (WISH) 15 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 16 CHỦ ĐỀ 8: ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (MODAL VERBS) _ 17 CHỦ ĐỀ 9: MỆNH ĐÊ QUAN HỆ & RÚT GỌN 19 10 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ LÍ DO 22 11 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN _ 23 12 CHUYÊN ĐÊ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ, CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ 24 13 CHỦ ĐỀ 13: MỆNH ĐỀ & CỤM TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH 26 14 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: SO SÁNH 27 15 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: TỪ NỐI & TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP 29 16 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: LỐI NÓI PHỤ HOẠ _ 30 17 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: MẠO TỪ 32 18 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ 33 19 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19: DANH TỪ 38 20 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: GIỚI TỪ & CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ _ 40 21 CHUYÊN ĐẾ 21: CÁC CÂU GIAO TIẾP 42 IRREGULAR VERB - BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC 45 GIÁO VIÊN: VŨ PHONG Điện Thoại: 0907.866.578 WEBSITE: ww w el earn 24h co m 52 (53)