Non-counts pluralized Subject – Verb disagreement In compound nouns, both nouns pluralized Compound nouns involving number and measurements, compound nouns used as an adjective may be in[r]
(1)TOEFL COURSE Prepared by Vu Minh Hue Email: vmhuetn@gmail.com or vmhuetn@yahoo.com (2) Main content Singular and plural nouns Count and non-count nouns Compound nouns Quantifiers Numbers Toefl test (3) Singular nouns change to plural form Singular noun Plural noun Church Brush Bus Kiss Tomato (# radio) Box Buzz Churches Brushes Buses Kisses Tomatoes Boxes Buzzes Lorry (# day, donkey, guy) Loaf Knife Lorries Loaves Knives Child Foot Medium Ox Children Feet Media Oxen (4) Some nouns are always plural Clothes Pants Jeans Glasses Scissors Police Trousers Scales Shoes (5) Some nouns are always singular Names of sciences Maths / mathematics Musics Diseases Mumps Measles Games Billards Bowls News Politics Dominoes Physics Arts (6) Count nouns: A / an / one + teacher / book / snail Plural forms: teachers / buses / children Non-count nouns: Most of non-count nouns not take a / an No plural form Non-count nouns can become count nouns when they are used to indicate types: the wines of California / the fruits of the Northwest (7) Non-count nouns: a / an + non-count noun: non-count noun examples help It is a great help to me relief A knowledge She has a good knowledge of maths dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love She has a great love of music mercy / pitty / shame / wonder It is a wonder that you passed the entrance exam into university fear / hope / suspicion There is a hope that the gold price will be at a standstill (8) Some examples of non-count nouns Food rice / sugar / fruit / milk / bread / butter / cheese Fluids blood / water / oil / coffee / tea / gasoline Raw materials wood / paper / glass / iron / silver / wool Gases oxygen / air / pollution / steam General furniture / mail / money / traffic / equipment / news Groups jewelry / machinery / luggage / clothing / cash Languages English / Chinese (9) Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable: Some nouns have the same singular and plural form: hair, wine, wood, work Whenever she finds a grey hair, she pulls it out Her hair is blonde fish /deer / sheep / salmon / series / species / spacecraft Noun used as an adjective, it takes a singular form: a two-week vacation / a three-day trip / a three-year-old boy (10) Definitions: compound nouns are the nouns that include at least one noun and used to make one word or idea Eg: boy friend, woman driver, passer-by, mother-in-law, street market, dining room (11) Kinds Abbreviations: N + er Eg: kitchen table, river bank, traffic warden, winter clothes N + Ving Eg: mother-in-law, father-in-law, lady in waiting N+N Eg: passer-by, hanger-on N + prep + N Eg: MPs, VIPs Eg: weight lifting, bird watching, surf riding, coal mining Ving + N Eg: waiting list, dining room, reading lamp, swimming pool, driving license (12) Plural form of compound nouns N + prep + N 1st noun plural Mother(s)-inlaw Ladies in waiting Sister(s)-in-law N+ er 1st noun plural Passer(s)-by Hanger(s)-on Runner(s)-up Ving + N 2nd noun plural Waiting list(s) Dining room(s) Driving license(s) N+N 2nd nounplural Boy friend(s) Break-in(s) School-boy(s) Lady killer(s) Abbreviations MPs VIPs UFOs MCs N + Ving Weight lifting Coal mining Bread-winner(s) (13) Compound nouns with number expressions used as an adjectives a ten-watt light bulb = a light bulb of ten watts a 16,000-page book = a book of 16,000 pages a ten-year-old boy = a boy at the age of 10 (14) Definition: a quantifier is a word that indicates an amount or quantity Eg: both / many / (a) few / several /another / each / every (15) Kinds: Some quantifiers are used only with plural count nouns: both / many / (a) few / several + boys / hats / schools Some quantifiers are used only with singular count nouns: another / each / every + student / song (16) Kinds: Some quantifiers are used only with non-count nouns: (a) little / much / less / amount + wine / money Some quantifiers are used with both plural count nouns and non-count nouns: all / a lot of / lots of / plenty of / enough / some / any / most / more + beer / rice / information / hospitals / roads (17) Two Three Four hundred thousand million billion Hundreds Thousand of s messages letters Millions Billions dollars people (18) Non-counts pluralized Subject – Verb disagreement In compound nouns, both nouns pluralized Compound nouns involving number and measurements, compound nouns used as an adjective may be in plural form Number + hundred / thousand / million: no plural for hundred / thousand / million (19)