Tổng quát danh từ trong tiếng anh phần 23. Cần chú ý đến những cụm từ xen vào giữa chủ ngữ và động từ như: as well as, in addition to, together with, along with, accompanied by, including, not to mention... Gặp những trường hợp như thế, ta hãy thận trọng dùng động từ hợp với chủ ngữ chứ không phải là phù hợp với danh từ nào đứng gần động từ. Dorothy, as well as her brothers, intends to spend the summer here. Dorothy, cũng như các em trai cô ấy, dự định nghỉ hè ở đây. NHỮNG QUY LUẬT VỀ SỰ ĐỒNG THUẬN GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Trong câu này, Dorothy là chủ ngữ chứ không phải brothers, nên ta dùng động từ intend ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít (intends). 4. Với các danh từ tập hợp đứng làm chủ ngữ như jury, committee, crowd, team, group, majority... hầu hết các trường hợp đều dùng động từ ở hình thức số ít khi ta xem danh từ đó như một đơn vị (unit). Nhưng nếu ta dùng với nghĩa từng thành viên (member) riêng biệt hợp thành, thì lúc đó, danh từ tập hợp cần động từ ở hình thức số nhiều. Chẳng hạn, khi ta dùng da nh từ family với nghĩa từng thành viên của gia đình riêng biệt. The family are arriving for the wedding at different times.
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COMMON NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
1 –ism : baptism, criticism, organism, heroism, patriotism, alcoholism,
barbarism, dwarfism, parallelism
2 –nce : importance, significance, dependence, arrogance, resistance,
subsistence
3 –ness : bitterness, conceitedness, darkness, hardness, kindheartedness
4 –ion : excision, damnation, pollution, suggestion, a notion, an action,
vexation, concoction, completion
5 –ment : abridgement, accomplishment, banishment, commencement,
embodiment, enhancement, excitement, fragment, garment, ornament,
treatment
6 –(i)ty : purity, authority, dubiety, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty,
faculty, honesty, plenty, safety, subtlety
7 –age : baggage, carriage, cartage, damage, dotage, hermitage, homage
language, luggage, marriage, passage, tillage, tonnage, vicarage, village
8 –ship : ambassadorship, citizenship, headship, professorship, chairmanship,
fellowship, scholarship, companionship, friendship, hardship, relationship, craftsmanship, entrepreneurship, horsemanship, membership, courtship
9 –th : bath, birth, death, oath, growth, stealth, filth, health, length, strength,
Cấu tạo Danh từ - Đuôi của từ (WORD ENDINGS)
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truth, depth, breadth, wealth
10 –dom : earldom, freedom, kingdom, officialdom, wisdom
11 –hood : childhood, falsehood, sisterhood, brotherhood,
neighborhood, likelihood, livelihood
12 –ure : closure, picture, scripture, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure,
13 –cy : bankruptcy, captaincy, democracy, privacy, delicacy,
advocacy, confederacy, accuracy, obstinacy, piracy, , aristocracy, expectancy, efficiency, presidency, sufficiency, deficiency
14 –(t)ry : rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, industry, greenery, machinery, scenery,
bakery, brewery, bravery, slavery, archery
15 –logy : archaeology, geology, sociology, theology, zoology
16 –graphy : bibliography, biography
B COMMON NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
1 – or : actor, creator, doctor, monitor, sculptor, successor, guarantor,
conqueror, donor, governor, solicitor, tailor, visitor bachelor
2 – er : hatter, geographer, astrologer, cottager, foreigner, Londoner,
New Yorker, northerner, villager, airliner, old-timer, sorcerer
3 – ee : employee, payee, devotee, escapee, conferee, absentee, refugee
4 – ist : chemist, dramatist, economist, geologist; dentist, pianist, tobacconist;
Buddhist, Darwinist, idealist, Marxist, racist, optimist, pessimist
5 – ician : magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician,
politician, statistician, mathematician, mortician,
6 – ant (10%) : assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant
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BÀI TẬP DANH TỪ TỔNG HỢP
1 A shoe of leather is a………
a leather shoe b shoe leather c shoed leather d skinned leather
2 This is my …………plantation
a mother-in-law b mother-in-laws'
c mother-in-law's d mother's-in-law
3 ……… shoes are always of various types
a Woman' b Womans' c Women's d Womens'
4 Glasses for holding beer are……
a glass-beer b beerglasses
c glasses of beer d beer's glasses
5 A horse which runs races is called a…………
a horse race b race-horse c racing horse d races-horse
6 A table used for writing is called…………
a table-writing b a writing table c a written table d a writing table
7 They are ………
a woman-professors b womans-professors
c women professors d womens' professors
8 We have got a lot of………
a book of exercise b exercises-books
c exercise's book's d exercise-books
9 They'd like to spend the week-end at ………
a their aunt's b their aunt
c their aunt's house d their aunt house
10 The………… is long
a knife's handle b knife'handle
c knife handle d handle of the knife
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11 Do you hear any voice? It's………
a my wife's b my wife
c my wife's voice d the voice of my wife
12 That man has two………
a brother-in-law b brothers-in-law
c brother-ins-law d brother-in-laws
13 The……… toys are cheap
a child's b children's c childrens' d childrens
14 Next month we have two ……… holiday
a week b weeks c weeks' d week's
15 We must follow……
a the will of the dead b the dead of will
c the dead's will d the dead will
16 A meeting held during the night is a………
a meeting night b nightly meeting
c night-meeting d nighty meeting
17 It has belonged to our family It's the………
a families b families' c family's d familys'
18 ………… for instance, might fmd it hard to laugh at a Russian joke
a The French b A French
c A man in France d If you were French
19 As he hated…… , he decided to desert
a the life of army b life in the army
c life of the army d the army for life
20 The latest exhibitions, films or plays are only…………
a by bus a short distance away b a short distance by bus away
c a short distance away by bus d the distance of a short bus away
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THAM KHẢO VỀ WORD FORMATION
(Phần này như cô đã nói chỉ mang tính tham khảo và nhớ theo dạng “group” các từ lại chứ đừng hỏi cô “vì sao lại thế?” nhé! ^^)
b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ery/-ing/-al -> N
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c) V + -er/-or/-ar/-ant/-ent/-ee/ -> N
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d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess -> N
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