John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights.. Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please.[r]
(1)MẸO HƯỚNG DẪN ĐỔI CÂU THƯỜNG THUẬT Câu trực tiếp: S + Vgt + … + “Câu trình bày / câu hỏi / câu mệnh lệnh”
Câu gián tiếp: S + Vgt + … + Kết đổi câu trình bày / câu hỏi / câu mệnh lệnh Phụ chú: - Vgt động từ giới thiệu
- Vđb động từ đặc biệt gồm: IS, AM, ARE, WAS, WERE, CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, SHALL, SHOULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT TO, DO, DOES, DID, HAVE, HAS, HAD, …
PHẦN 1: BỐN BƯỚC ĐỔI TỪ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP: (ĐỂ LÀM BÀI TỰ LUẬN)
BƯỚC 1: Đổi động từ giới thiệu cho phù hợp với nội dung câu trực tiếp: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
SAY TO TELL / ASK / ORDER / ADVISE / …
SAID TO TOLD / ASKED / ORDERED / ADVISED / … BƯỚC 2: Đổi tất cả đại từ dấu ngoặc kép:
Ngôi S Pron O Pron Adj Pron Poss Pron Ref Pron
I me my mine myself
1
we us our ours ourselves
yourself
2 you you your yours
yourselves they them their theirs themselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
3
it it its its itself
Cách đổi: Đổi cột bảng đổi theo ý hai câu thơ sau: Ngôi NHẤT theo CHỦ về nhà Ngơi HAI theo TÚC, ngơi BA nằm lì BƯỚC 3: Đổi lùi động từ ngoặc (khi Vgt ở khứ)
Cách làm: Đổi động từ đầu tiên của mỗi cụm động từ ngoặc thành khứ: Cách đổi:
+ V1/s/es → V2/ed → HAD V3/ed → HAD V3/ed
+ MUST → MUST hoặc HAD TO
Ghi chú: do + V0 = V1 , does + V0 = Vs/es , did + V0 = V2/ed
(2)TT Câu trực tiếp (GẦN) Câu gián tiếp (XA)
1 this that
2 these those
3 hence thence
4 here there
5 come here* go there*
6 now then
7 ago before
8 today that day
9 tonight that night
10 yesterday the day before / the previous day
11 last + thời gian the + thời gian + before / the previous + thời gian 12 the day before
yesterday two days before
13 tomorrow the next day/ following day / the day after
14 next + thời gian the following + thời gian / the + thời gian + after / the + thời gian + later
15 the day after tomorrow two days after
Ghi chú: - (*) Người ta khơng nói COME THERE (đi đến đó) GO HERE (đi đến đây) mà nói COME HERE GO THERE Do đó, tác giả xin mạo muội đề xuất đổi - Với học sinh trung bình có thể khỏi học thuộc lòng chữ HENCE, COME HERE THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW
PHẦN 2: NHỮNG ĐẶC ĐIỂM ĐẶC TRƯNG CỦA CÂU TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP (ĐỂ LÀM BÀI TRẮC NGHIỆM)
Đặc điểm Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Hình thức: Có dấu ngoặc kép (“ ”) Khơng có dấu ngoặc kép (“ ”) Vgt
Có thể có:
SAY TO / SAID TO
Chỉ có: SAY / SAID
Trong câu gián tiếp, sau Vgt không có TO Gần thành xa Các chữ GẦN XA: Chỉ có chữ XA: Dấu câu Có thể có dấu chấm than, dấu
chấm hỏi cuối câu
Chỉ có dấu chấm cuối câu Động từở mệnh đề phụ
(mệnh đề sau Vgt)
Vđb có thể đặt trước chủ từ Vđb phải đặt sau chủ từ
PHẦN 3: CÁCH ĐỔI MỘT SỐ DẠNG THÔNG DỤNG: Dạng 1: Đối với dạng câu trực tiếp câu trình bày (statement):
D.S: Mary said to Peter “I will come to this place to see your mom if she has free time”
B1 B2 B3 B4 B2 B2 B3
I.S: Mary told Peter she would come to that place to see his mother if she had free time.
(3)Dạng 2: Đối với dạng câu trực tiếp câu hỏi WH- (WH- question):
D.S: Mary said to Peter “How did you see my friends and their cars yesterday?”
Đối với câu hỏi WH-, ta cần làm bước chuẩn bị để đưa dạng câu trình bày đổi
Cách làm: đem đặt Vđb DID sau chủ từYOU Vậy ta thấy DID SEE đứng kế Xem ghi BƯỚC 3, ta suy ra: DID SEE = SAW Như vậy, ta có câu trực tiếp tạm thời dạng sau:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “How you saw my friends and their cars yesterday?”
Bây bắt đầu bỏ hết ngoặc kép dấu chấm hỏi (?) tiến hành đổi theo bước hướng dẫn:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “How you saw my friends and their cars yesterday?”
B1 B2 B3 B2 B2 B4
I.S: Mary asked Peter how he had seen her friends and their cars the day before
B1 B2 B3 B2 B2 B4
Dạng 3: Đối với dạng câu trực tiếp câu hỏi YES/NO (YES/NO question):
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Did you see my friends and their motorbikes yesterday?”
Đối với câu hỏi YES/NO, ta cần làm bước chuẩn bịtương tự cách đổi câu trực tiếp câu hỏi WH- Nhưng trước bỏ dấu ngoặc kép dấu chấm hỏi, ta thêm IF WHETHER vị trí dấu ngoặc kép trước (và OR NOT vị trí cuối dùng WHETHER)
Như ta được:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “you saw my friends and their motorbikes yesterday?”
B1 B2 B3 B2 B2 B4
I.S: Mary asked Peter if he had seen her friends and their motorbikes the day before
B1 B2 B3 B2 B2 B4
Dạng 4: Đối với dạng câu trực tiếp câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định (affirmative command):
CẦN CHÚ Ý: Có thể nói câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định câu thường được bắt đầu bằng: V0 , Please V0 , Would you please V0 , Let’s V0 , ……
Ta lấy V0 làm chuẩn để đổi Do đó, đổi ta phải bỏ chữ PLEASE, WOULD YOU
PLEASE, LET’S, …… Sau đó, ta tiến hành đổi bước bình thường chỉ khác chỗ bước 3 là: Đổi V0 thành TO V0
Ví dụ cụ thể: Ví dụ 1:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Go to the zoo with me next week”
B1 B3 B2 B4
I.S: Mary ordered Peter togo to the zoo with her the following week.
B1 B3 B2 B4
Ví dụ 2:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Would you please help me and them?”
B1 B3 B2 B4
I.S: Mary ordered Peter to help her and them?”
B1 B3 B2 B4
Ví dụ 3:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Let’s take a break!”
(4)I.S: Mary ordered Peter to take a break
B1 B3
Dạng 5: Đối với dạng câu trực tiếp câu mệnh lệnh phủ định (negative command):
CẦN CHÚ Ý: Có thể nói câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định câu thường được bắt đầu bằng: Don’t V0 , Please don’t V0 , Would you please not V0 , ……
Ta lấy V0 làm chuẩn để đổi Do đó, đổi ta phải bỏ chữ DO (trong chữ DON’T), PLEASE
DO (trong chữ PLEASE DON’T), WOULD YOU PLEASE, …… Sau đó, ta tiến hành đổi bước như bình thường chỉ khác chỗ bước là: Đổi NOT V0 thành NOT TO V0
Ví dụ cụ thể: Ví dụ 1:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Don’t cut the flowers in this schoolyard!”
B1 B3 B4
I.S: Mary ordered Peter not to cut the flowers in that schoolyard
B1 B3 B4
Ví dụ 2:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Please don’t cut the flowers in this schoolyard!”
B1 B3 B4
I.S: Mary ordered Peter not to cut the flowers in that schoolyard
B1 B3 B4
Ví dụ 3:
D.S: Mary said to Peter “Would you please not tell them about this story?”
B1 B3 B2 B4
I.S: Mary ordered Peter not to tell them about this story
B1 B3 B2 B4
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG:
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the original meanings: “Where is my umbrella?” she asked
→ She asked “How are you?” Martin asked us
→ Martin asked us _ He asked, “Do I have to it?”
→ He asked “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter
→ The mother asked her daughter _ “Which dress you like best?” she asked her boyfriend
→ She asked her boyfriend “What are they doing?” she asked
→ She wanted to know _ “Are you going to the cinema?” he asked me
→ He wanted to know The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”
→ The teacher wanted to know _ “How you know that?” she asked me
(5)10.“Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me
→ My friend asked _ 11.“What's the time?” he asked
→ He wanted to know 12.“When will we meet again?” she asked me
→ She asked me 13.“Are you crazy?” she asked him
→ She asked him 14.“Where did they live?” he asked
→ He wanted to know 15.“Will you be at the party?” he asked her
→ He asked her _ 16.“Can you meet me at the station?” she asked me
→ She asked me _ 17.“Who knows the answer?” the teacher asked
→ The teacher wanted to know _ 18.“Why don't you help me?” she asked him
→ She wanted to know _ 19.“Did you see that car?” he asked me
→ He asked me 20.“Have you tidied up your room?” the mother asked the twins
→ The mother asked the twins 21.He said, “Don't go too far.”
→ He advised her 22.“Have you been shopping?” he asked us
→ He wanted to know 23.“Don't make so much noise,” he says
→ He asks us _ 24.“Stop talking, Joe,” the teacher said
→ The teacher told Joe 25.“Be patient,” she said to him
→ She told him _ 26.“Go to your room,” her father said to her
→ Her father told her _ 27.“Hurry up,” she said to us
→ She told us _ 28.“Give me the key,” he told her
→ He asked her _ 29.“Play it again, Sam,” she said
→ She asked Sam 30.“Sit down, Caron” he said
→ He asked Caron Choose the underlined part that needs correcting:
1 The teacher told the students to don’t discuss the take-home exam with each other
A B C D
2 He asked me what I intended to after I graduate
A B C D
3 After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realized that I am still alive
(6)4 My roommate came into the room and asked me why aren’t you in class
A B C D
5 I asked my sister to tell me what she has seen at the museum
A B C D
6 My mother said me to sit down at the table and my homework
A B C D
7 They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them
A B C D
8 Mrs Amenuelle told to Alice to give her a hand
A B C D
9 John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights
A B C D
10.Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please
A B C D
11.Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I like to have dinner with her
A B C D
12.Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports or not
A B C D
13.Bá told to Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school
A B C D
14.Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not
A B C D
15.Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Wednesday
A B C D
16.A tourist asked how far was it from Hồ Chí Minh City to Huế
A B C D
17.He asked Lan how many people there are in her family
A B C D
18.Minh’s friends asked him how long would he stay in Paris
A B C D
19.She asked me if he wants to buy any second-hand books
A B C D
20.He wanted to know Hồng if would have time to play badminton regularly
A B C D
Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original one: She said to Nam: “Come into my office, please”
A She told Nam to come into her office B She told Nam to come into my office
C She said Nam come into her office, please D She said Nam come into my office, please The traffic policeman said, “Show me your driving license, please”
A The traffic policeman asked to show me your driving license, please B The traffic policeman suggested to show him your driving license C The traffic policeman suggested showing him my driving license D The traffic policeman asked to show me his driving license Mrs Jackson said to Alice, “Could you give me a hand, please”
A Mrs Jackson said Alice if she could give her a hand B Mrs Jackson told Alice to give her a hand
C Mrs Jackson asked to Alice to give her a hand
D Mrs Jackson cursed Alice if she could give her a hand
(7)A Nam asked the taxi driver please turn left at the first traffic light B Nam said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light C Nam asked the taxi driver turning left at the first traffic light D Nam told the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic light The police said, “Don’t touch anything in the room”
A The police commanded us not to touch anything in the room B The police advised to not touch anything in the room
C The police said not touch anything in the room D The police asked not touching anything in the room Mary said to John, “Can you carry my suitcase, please?”
A Mary ordered John if he could carry my suitcase, please B Mary asked John if he could carry my suitcase, please C Mary had John carry her suitcase
D Mary suggested John to carry her suitcase, please
7 “Would you like to have dinner with me?”, Miss Hoa said to me A Miss Hoa asked me if would I like to have dinner with her?
B Miss Hoa suggested me if I would like to have dinner with her or not C Miss Hoa told me to like to have dinner with her or not
D Miss Hoa invited me to have dinner with her “You should stay in bed”, I said to him
A I said him he should stay in bed B I advised him to stay in bed
C I prayed him to stay in bed D I ordered him you should stay in bed My mother told me “You should visit your grandmother tomorrow”
A My mother told me I should visit your grandmother tomorrow B My mother invited me to visit my grandmother tomorrow C My mother advised me to visit my grandmother the day after D My mother urged me visiting my grandmother the next day 10.His sister said, “I don’t buy this book”
A His sister said I don’t buy this book B His sister said she didn’t buy this book C His sister said I didn’t buy that book D His sister said she didn’t buy that book 11.They said, “We have to try our best to win the match”
A They said we have to try our best to win the match B They said we have to try their best to win the match C They said they had to try their best to win the match D They said they had to try our best to win the match
12.“I will expect to see you next Wednesday”, said Mary to her boy friend
A Mary said to her boy friend she would expect to see you the following Wednesday B Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see you the following Wednesday C Mary expected to see her boy friend the following Wednesday
D Mary told boy her friend that she would expect to see him the next Wednesday 13.“She is my friend”, I said to Nam
A I said to Nam she is my friend B I told to Nam she was my friend
C I told Nam she was my friend D I asked Nam if she was my friend
14.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter A Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed reading books
(8)A Hoa asked Lan whether she liked sports or not B Hoa asked Lan if she liked sports or not C Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports D Hoa asked Lan if did she like sports 16.“Can you ride your bicycle to school?”, Bá said to Tuấn
A Bá said to Tuấn if he could ride your bicycle to school B Bá told to Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school C Bá asked Tuấn if he could ride his bicycle to school
D Bá advised Tuấn whether he could to ride his bicycle to school 17.“May I use your dictionary for a moment?”, Tan asked Hoa
A Tan asked Hoa whether he may use her dictionary for a moment B Tan asked Hoa to use your dictionary for a moment
C Tan asked Hoa if he might use your dictionary for a moment D Tan asked Hoa for using her dictionary for a moment
18.“Are you fond of watching television?”, Miss Ngân said to Mr Bình A Miss Ngân told Mr Bình if he is fond of watching television B Miss Ngân asked Mr Bình if he was fond of watching television C Miss Ngân invited Mr Bình to be fond of watching television D Miss Ngân suggested Mr Bình to watching television
19.“Will Mary be here for five days?”, Tom asked Thư A Tom asked Thư will Mary be here for five days B Tom asked Thư how long would Mary be there
C Tom asked Thư whether Mary would be there for five days or not D Tom asked Thư how long Mary would be there
20.“Where are you going Nam?”, Lan asked
A Lan asked Nam where he was going B Lan asked Nam where he is going
C Lan asked Nam where to go D Lan asked Nam where you were going Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:
1 When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he use the phone
A can B might C may D must
2 George couldn’t help me He me to ask Kate
A tell B said C told D say
3 Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to
A admitted B offered C promised D suggested Jack asked me
A where you come from B where I come from
C where I came from D where did I come from
5 She asked me I liked music
A who B if C while D what
6 I said that I had met her
A yesterday B the previous day C the day D the before day The man asked the boys
A why did they fight B why they were fighting C why they fight D why were they fighting “ the door”, he said
A Please open B Please to open C Opened please D Please, opening
9 I wanted to know return home
A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would 10.The woman wonders doing well at school
(9)C if her children were D her children are if 11.Peter said he was leaving for Paris
A next week B the week previous C following week D the following week 12.“I don’t usually drink milk when ”, Mrs Pike said
A she was hungry B I was hungry C I am hungry D I will be hungry 13.They said that their house had been broken into
A two days ago B two days before C the two days before D since two days 14.She advised me an apple every day to stay healthy
A eating B I should eat C to eat D Please, eat 15.She asked me the seat or not
A if / had occupied B whether / was occupied C if / has been occupied D whether / occupied 16.The policeman asked us
A had any of us seen the accident happen B whether any of us had seen the accident happen C if had any of us seen the accident happen D that if any of us had seen the accident happen 17.I asked him , but he said nothing
A what the matter was B what was the matter
C the matter was what D what’s the matter 18.James him up when the bus reached the square
A told me wake B asked me to wake
C said me to wake D requested me waking 19.I wonder we’ll catch the bus we’ll take a taxi
A if / and whether B whether / or that C if / or that D whether / or whether
20.Excuse me Could you tell me ?
A what time is it B what is the time C what time it is D it is what time 21.Jeff wanted to know
A that why were his friends laughing B why were his friends laughing
C why his friends were laughing D the reason why his friends laughing
22.Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day A previous B following C before D last 23.She him whether he liked the steak she cooked or not
A asks B wondered C wanted to know D asked 24.His neighbors sometimes wondered he did for a living
A why B when C where D what
25.Could you please tell me ?
A it is how far to the nearest bus stop B how far is it to the nearest bus stop C how far to the nearest bus stop is it D how far it is to the nearest bus stop 26.Marigold wondered Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
A that B unless C if D which
27.He asked me
A how long you have studied English B how long had you studied English C how long you had study English D how long you had studied English
28.The passenger asked we landed because she was afraid of being late for the meeting
A what B when C if D why
29.John asked me in English
A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant 30.She said she collect it for me after work
(10)31.She said I an angel
A am B was C were D have been
32.I have ever told you he unreliable
A is B were C had been D would be
33.I told him the word to Jane somehow that I to reach her during the early hours
A passing / will try B he will pass / tried
C to pass / would be trying D he passed / have tried
34.Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day 35.John asked me interested in any kind of sports
A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was 36.John asked me that film the night before
A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen 37.David that he her somewhere before
A knew - had seen B had known - had seen
C had known - saw D knew - saw 38.Tom that he was having a party there in the evening
A asks B said C says D told
39.Claire told me that her father a racing- horse
A owns B owned C owning D has owned
40.You said you chocolate, but you had never eaten any
A likes B liking C to like D liked
41.He asked me
A how long you have studied English B how long had you studied English C how long you had study English D how long you had studied English
42.The passenger asked we landed because she was afraid of being late for the meeting
A what B when C if D why
43.John asked me in English
A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant 44.She said she collect it for me after work
A would B did C must D had
45.She said I an angel
A am B was C were D have been
46.I have ever told you he unreliable
A is B were C had been D would be
47.I told him the word to Jane somehow that I to reach her during the early hours
A passing / will try B he will pass / tried
C to pass / would be trying D he passed / have tried
48.Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day 49.John asked me interested in any kind of sports
A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was 50.John asked me that film the night before