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(1)L I hoi den Le Khoi ddi song van hoa cua cir dan ven bien
Thach Ha, Loc Ha - Ha TTnh
DANG THI THUY HANG*
Cach t h a n h pho' Ha Tinh chUa den 5km n i m d phia Dong Nam cd huyen Thach Ha, Ldc Ha O h u y e n cd tdi hdn 1/3 cU dan sd'ng d ven bien Ddi song k i n h te c i a hp c h i yeu b i n g n g h e d a n h b i t va nudi trdng H a i san, nhien ndng nghiep v a n cd mpt vai trd n h a t dinh n h u n g khong p h a i la chinh, ngoai r a cdn cd cac n g a n h n g h e tieu t h i cdng nghiep nhU: D a n lUdi, ddng thuyen, Iam m i m TrUdc va nhflng n a m g i n day cdn p h a t trien t h e m dich vu buon ban, hp b a n nhflng san vat d a n h b i t dUdc tfl bien, nhflng hai s a n nudi trdng dUpc va san p h a m che bien tfl h a i s i n Chinh x u a t p h a t tfl nhflng dac diem c i a ddi sd'ng k i n h te, dd ndi trdi la ddi sd'ng k i n h te bien Vi vay viec k h a i t h a c va flng x i vdi mdi trUdng sinh t h a i bien da cd nhflng net rieng biet bieu Men ddi sd'ng van hda c i a hp nhU: phong tuc, t a p quan, ldi sd'ng, nep sd'ng, van hda a m thUc, van hda i n g x i , tdn giao, tin ngUdng va v a n hda tin ngUdng Chi xet rieng ve ddi sd'ng tin ngUdng cua cU dan ndi day da cd nhieu net dac trUng rieng m a n g d a m m a u sac vflng bien, c i a bien Nhflng t h i n linh dupc tdn thd tin ngUdng dan gian, ngoai nhflng vi t h i n Iinh la nhflng n h a n v a t lich s i nhU: d a n h tudng Le Khdi, cac vi t h i n
linh t r u y e n t h u y e t nhU Mau Lieu H a n h , cac vi t h i n Iinh bien nhU: Ca Ong (ca Ong dupc thd n h i e u d ven bien d c tinh mien T r u n g nhU: Q u i n g Nam, Da Nang, nhien tai v i n g c i a bien C i a Sdt Thach Ha, Lpc Ha, chung toi n h a n t h y cd nhflng mieu thd ca Ong), Dong Hai Dai Vudng, N a m H i i Dai VUdng Tfl viec n h a n dien cac vi t h i n Iinh tin ngUdng dan gian da xae dinh rd nhflng yeu to' cd lien q u a n den tin ngUdng nhU: Dien thd/cd sd tin ngUdng da dUdc bieu Men b i n g cac cdng t r i n h kien t r i e vdi ten gpi khac n h a u va qui md cflng k h a c n h a u : Den, dinh, lang, mieu Cac nghi thflc, nghi le va phong tuc, t a p q u a n cd lien q u a n den tin ngUdng va diem cd b a n d day chinh la Ie hpi, le hdi dupc dien r a d cac cd sd tin ngUdng, dupc coi la mpt net sinh boat dac t h u ddi sd'ng v a n hoa c i a cpng ddng cU dan Bdi le vao dip Ie hpi ngudi dan bay td nhflng Udc nguyen c i a m i n h c l u mong t h i n linh che chd phfl hp cho hp mpt n a m dUdc nhieu dieu may m i n , dac biet dd'i vdi hp la cd dupc m u a d a n h b i t bdi t h u va nudi trdng hai san dat n a n g su t cao Xu t p h a t tfl each n h i n n h u vay, bai viet t a p t r u n g gidi thieu mdt l l hdi tieu bieu c i a cU dan ven bien Thach Ha, Ldc Ha, t i n h Ha Tinh, dd la l l hdi den thd Le Khdi
(2)Tuy n h i e n trUdc gidi thieu ve l i hdi c i a den thd Le Khdi, chflng tdi gidi thieu k h a i q u a t vai net ve n h a n vat dUdc tudng niem l l hdi, kien trfle den thd dUdc coi la k h d n g gian thieng dien r a le hpi
* Ve nhdn vgt dUgc tudng niem le
hgi: D a n h tudng Le Khoi que d Thp Xuan,
T h a n h Hoa, sinh thdi la mot d a n h tudng tai ba, ong tflng phd t a cho ba ddi v u a thdi nha Le: Le T h a i To, Le T h a i Tdng va Le N h a n Tong N a m 1418, Le Lpi lam l i te trdi xu t t r a n , Le Khdi da cd m a t va dupc xep vao dpi q u a n t i n h n h u e c i a nghia q u a n L a m Sdn va lap dUdc nhieu cong lao to ldn cupc k h a n g chien chd'ng giac Minh x a m lupc Ong dupc trieu dinh b a n thudng, k h a c ten ong dflng vi tri thfl 16 93 vi k h a i qud'c cdng t h i n va dupc b a n tudc Dinh T h u p n g H i u D a n h tudng Le Khdi cdn cd cdng t r n t h i Nghe An, dng l a m viec d Nghe An chinh sU cdng minh, mpi viec dau vao d y, mfla mang bdi t h u ngudi d a n cang tin cay va ph n khdi Ong dac biet chfl trpng den ndng nghiep, k h a i p h a d t hoang, d i p de de de phong thien tai, Ifl lut
Mpt cdng lao Idn c i a d a n h tudng Le Khoi da dupc ghi n h a n dd la cdng cupc binh Chiem va da lap dupc nhieu chien cdng Idn Tin t h i n g t r a n ve tdi k i n h dd, nhUng khdng may t r e n dudng ve d a n h tudng Le Khoi da bi b e n h nang, dng da m t d chan n i i Long Ngam, c i a bien N a m Gidi thupc lang Kim Ddi, H a Hoang cfl (nay la xa T h a c h Kim, h u y e n Ldc Ha) De ghi nhd cdng lao c i a mpt d a n h tudng, trieu dinh da t r u y t a n g c h i c N h a p npi dd ddc cho Le Khdi Ddng thdi sai q u a n Hflu Ty vao t a n ndi ong m t lam le a n t i n g , cung te, phong t h i n va cho dUng den thd trudc lang mp
* Vi kien true din thd Le Khoi/nOi
dien le hgi: den Le Khdi dUdc bo' tri d
ndi sdn t h u y hflu t i n h , vi t h e dep, h u d n g den hpp ca bd'n m a t , rflng cay bao q u a n h
u m tflm, cd k i n h Iam t a n g t h e m ve Iinh thieng, nhUng d l y ch t thd va lang mang Quy md c i a ngoi den Iflc dUpc xay dUng thi khdng cd ngudn t a i lieu nao ghi chep Iai, n h u n g Men t r a n g c i a den thd Men cdn nhieu ddn n g u y e n kien t r i e ket hdp vdi n h a u tao t h a n h mpt tdng t h e Men t r i e bd' t r i chai dai t i c h a n n u i den dinh n u i gdm b a k h u vUc:
- Khu vUc 1: La nhflng cdng t r i n h kien trfle t r i i dai tfl c h a n nfli Ien dinh nfli, bao gdm: Cdng den/nghi mon vdi 23 bac t a m c p, cd mieu thd ba chfla nfli
(3)70 Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
cho h a u t h e mai sau
-Khu vUc 111: day la k h u lang mp c i a d a n h tUdng, n i m phia s a u cum kien true chinh, tiep g i i p vdi sUdn n i i , ndi day vao dip Ii hpi cpng ddng cU dan den t h i p hUdng de tudng nhd tdi cong lao c i a ngai
* Le hgi din thd Le Khoi: d Ha Tinh, le hpi den Le Khoi va Ie hpi C h i a Hudng Tich la hai le hpi ldn, t h u h u t dUdc nhieu du khach d c ndi den t h a m du NhUng d le hpi den Le Khdi c h i n g t a cd the n h a n r a nhflng net sinh b o a t v a n hda c i a cU d a n vflng ven bien T h a c h Ha, Lpc Ha, Ha Tinh Day la mot h i n h thflc sinh boat van hda dan gian tdng hpp c i a cU dan, Ie hpi d i i n r a t i mdng den mdng t h a n g am lich h a n g n a m , nhUng t r e n thUc te le hpi td c h i c n a m mpt l l n vdi qui mo Idn dUdc gpi la chinh hpi, cdn h a n g n a m to c h i c hpi le Vao nhflng n a m to c h i c chinh hpi, ngU d a n va cU dan v i n g t h a m gia le hpi vdi mot t i n h t h i n dac biet Vao dem mdng t h a n g t r e n n i i dudi bien ddng vui nhpn nhip: d t r e n n i i , ngUdi d a n t a p t r u n g t i n g nhdm, t i n g gia dinh Iam lan t r a i nghi Iai t r e n nfli td chflc h a t vl dam, h a t c h i u van, hp dot l i a , t h a p nen, t h i p den t r e n n i i , tao nen mpt khdng gian Iinh thieng, h u y e n l o ; d dudi bien tren t h u y e n ngU d a n cflng dot nen, t h i p den sang rUc h a t vl dam, h a t c h i u van hoa cung cU d a n t r e n nfli Ngay d i i n le hpi chinh la ky c i a d a n h tudng Le Khoi dupc thd t a i den, Ngai hda vao Mdng t h a n g 5(al)
Cac nghi Ie, each t h i c td c h i c Ie hdi d den Le Khoi v i a m a n g hdi thd c i a yeu td' van hda dan tpc, v i a c h i a dUng yeu td' van hda bien, v a n hda dia phUdng, cd the n h a n dien qua nghi le cung Ha Ba, Ie rUdc thuyen, pho'i hpp td c h i c c i n g le d mieu thd c l Ong n a m khong gian van boa c i a den thd Le IChdi d p h l n nghi le c i a le hpi den Le Khoi gdm cd: L l Sai Tao, le Mdc Due, I i Khai hpi, I i rUdc, l i cao
yet/dai te, dai te d i i n r a vao mdng t h a n g am lich
- Li Sdi Tdo: nghi l i dUdc d i i n r a vao 30 t h a n g a m lich h a n g n a m , de thuc Men nghi l i b a n td c h i c c h u a n hi 05 cdi t r l u , hUdng, rUpu, hoa d a t d n a m ndi, thupng dien, t r u n g dien va h a dien, lang mp va mieu thd b a c h i a n i i Nghi Ie cd y nghia la mdi d i e t h a n h cflng nhi vi phoi thd rdi vi tri de bao sai dd thd, quet dpn va ngoai den, xong mpi viec Iai k h n mdi cac vi t h i n linh vao an toa
(4)m a n / d a n h dupc nhieu tdm ca Hien tUpng cd t h e coi la mdt net dac trUng de n h a n dien vai trd c i a Dflc t h a n h Le Khdi ddi sd'ng v a n hoa cua ngU dan vflng bien T h a c h Ha, Ldc Ha, Ha Tinh
- Le k h a i hdi: Nghi le dUdc dien r a vao gid s a n g mdng t h a n g Ban nghi le chuan hi mdt m a m xdi ga dang len Dflc t h a n h xin dupc k h a i hpi ddng thdi bao vdi Ngai ve ke hoach le rUdc
- Le rUdc: Nghi Ie n a y dUdc dien r a vao gid sang mdng t h a n g 5, keo dai thdi gian n h t, t h u h i t sU q u a n t a m t h a m gia c i a nhieu ngUdi thupc ba xa: Mai Phu, Thach Kim, T h a c h Ban, dd la nhflng xa cflng thd d a n h tUdng Le Khoi Chinh vi vay le hpi den Le Khoi cd qui md ldn, dd la Ie hpi lien xa, t h a m chi dupc coi la le hpi v i n g So' ngudi t h a m gia doan rUdc r t dong, rieng viec bd' tri cac t h a n h vien doan rUdc da cd tdi 150 ngUdi, ngoai cdn cd du k h a c h va ngU d a n di t r e n thuyen c i a gia dinh ngU dan T h u y e n t h a m gia doan rUdc cd n a m len tdi 20-30 t h u y e n T r e n t h u y e n cd kieu rUdc, thuyen rUdc dupe t r a n g tri kieu t h u y e n rdng, cd hoa long lay, t r e n doan rUdc cd dpi nhae, cd mfla sU t i Vao 10 gid mdng t h a n g doan t h u y e n rUdc ve den cdng den chinh, cac t h u y e n rUdc bdi dao ba vong trudc cdng den thd chinh rdi cap ben trudc cdng den thd T h a n h m a u (each de thd Le Khoi 500m) T i den thd T h a n h mau doan rUdc rUdc kieu ve den Le Khdi de thuc h a n h nghi le te t h i n
- Le Yet (le te t h a n ) : Khi le rUdc ve den den chinh t r e n dinh Long N g a m cflng la Iflc Ban Ie nghi lam Ie Yet (le te), le keo dai gid, Ie v a t dang cflng bao gdm: hUdng, hoa, dang, t r a , qua, va mpt mam cdm de cflng Trong m a m cdm bao gid cflng cd mpt dia c l r a n vdi nUdc m i m (hoac t h i t ludc vdi nUdc m a m ) dd la nhflng s a n v a t gan vdi ddi sd'ng cua ngUdi dan vflng bien Ca va nUdc m i m la ngudn thUc
p h a m dupc che bien tfl b a n tay lao dpng c i a cU dan vflng song nUdc ndi day, s i n p h a m cflng la t h a n h q u i lao dpng c i a cU dan vung C i a Sdt dang Ien te D i e T h a n h Ie hpi Bdi muc dich c i a viec tao r a le vat trUdc bet la de dang mdi t h i n Iinh, sau nfla la de cao t r i n h viec Iam an c i a dan l a n g v i n g
(5)72 Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
chi cd mpt ngUdi, khong tay eheo m a chi dflng sflc m a n h t o a n t h a n de l i e day t h u y e n di Tuy nhien, cupc thi t h u y e n t h i n g khong p h a i n a m nao cflng td chflc, viec khong td chflc dUdc cupc thi p h u thupc vao nhieu yeu to', dd cd yeu t d thupc ve n h u d u c i a cpng ddng va cflng cd mpt yeu to' la dieu kien c i a bien khdng t h u a n Ipi cho viec td c h i c cupc thi Sd ngUdi t h a m gia cupc thi t h u y e n t h i n g khong dong n h u dua t h u y e n rdng va quang dudng cupc thi cflng khong dai nhU cupc dua t r e n Cd the n h a n t h y, t h u y e n thflng la mpt phUdng tien m a ngU dan bien thUdng s i dung de di cau Hai san g i n bd va chu yeu la cau mUc, chinh bang phUdng tien da m a n g Iai mpt ngudn hai s a n quy gia cho ngudi dan, gdp p h l n n a n g cao ddi song k i n h te c i a ngU dan ndi day, ddng thdi cung tao r a sU da dang d i n h b i t h a i s a n c i a cU dan vung bien Lpc H a , T h a c h Ha, Ha Tinh Trong p h l n hpi c i a le hpi den Le Khdi cdn cd cupc thi di ca kheo, di ca kheo la mpt net sinh h o a t v a n boa dac trUng c i a cU d a n ven bien, ngudi t h a m gia cupc thi c i n p h a i cd ky n a n g di kheo va ddi hdi phai cd b a n Iinh d i n g trUdc bien Nhflng doi kheo dUdc lam b a n g tre nhUng dieu quan trpng d day p h a i chpn dUpc nhflng cay tre nhd vfla p h a i / d a n gian gpi la cay tre due, dac, khong rong rupt, tay t r e p h a i chac, dam bao a n t o a n cho ngudi di kheo Cupc thi di ca kheo khdng to c h i c dUpc h a n g nam, t h u d n g dupe td c h i c vao nhflng n a m chinh hpi N h i n c h u n g nhflng n a m g i n day, viec td chflc t h i t h u y e n thflng va di ca kheo khdng dUdc td chflc t h u d n g xuyen Tuy n h i e n ben c a n h nhflng yeu td' truyen thd'ng, Ie hdi cdn td chflc cac trd chdi m a n g t i n h thdi dai nhU: hdi thi bdng chuyen bai bien dupc td chflc h a n g nam, so' dpi bdng t h a m gia r t ddng, cd n a m It n h t k h o a n g 10 dpi, day cflng la net sinh hoat v a n hda t h u bflt dupc nhieu
ngudi dan q u a n t a m , dac biet la t h e he tre Men Hien tupng cd t h e n h i n n h a n t r e n q u a n diem bao tdn va thich nghi, bao tdn va p h a t trien, p h l n hpi c i a le hpi den Le Khoi da m a n g hdi thd c i a cupc song Men dai, nhflng boat dpng van nghe da s i d u n g cac phUPng tien am t h a n h , a n h sang vdi nhflng ca tfl mdi, dap flng dupc n h u c l u c i a ddng dao q u i n chflng dU hpi Nhin tdng the le hpi den Le Khoi la l l hpi vfla m a n g tinh t r u y e n tho'ng Iai vfla m a n g t i n h hien dai, le hpi dupc td chflc vdi quy mo Idn, la mpt boat dpng v a n hda m a n g t i n h cpng ddng lang xa, la diem hpi tu, giao lUu va p h i t trien d ve gia t r i vat ch t va t i n h t h i n cua cU dan v i n g bien C i a Sdt va cac v i n g Ian can Le hpi da tao r a ngudn mach van hda, mdt ddng c h i y v a n boa khong n g i n g dUdc b i o tdn va bdi d i p