(NB) Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành là môn học lý thuyết cơ sở bắt buộc, giúp cho sinh viên đọc được các tài liệu kỹ thuật và các tài liệu lập trình. Với mục tiêu giúp các bạn đọc được các tài liệu về công nghệ thông tin; Đọc được các tài liệu kỹ thuật. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
BỘ NƠNG NGHIỆP VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN NƠNG THƠN TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CƠ GIỚI NINH BÌNH GIÁO TRÌNH MƠN HỌC: TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH NGHỀ: LẬP TRÌNH MÁY TÍNH TRÌNH ĐỘ: CAO ĐẲNG Ban hành kèm theo Quyết định số: /QĐ… ngày…….tháng….năm 2018 của Trường Cao đẳng Cơ giới Ninh Bình Ninh Bình, năm 2018 TUN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN Tài liệu này thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên các nguồn thơng tin có thể được phép dùng ngun bản hoặc trích dùng cho các mục đích về đào tạo và tham khảo Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc hoặc sử dụng với mục đích kinh doanh thiếu lành mạnh sẽ bị nghiêm cấm LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Cơng nghệ thơng tin từ lâu đã đóng vai trị quan trọng trong cuộc sống của chúng ta. Trong những năm gần đây, cùng với sự phát triển của cơng nghệ thơng tin, mạng máy tính đang được phát triển rất rộng rãi. Để phục vụ việc học tập nghiên cứu của sinh viên ngành Lập trình máy tính, giáo trình TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH LẬP TRÌNH MÁY TÍNH được biên soạn nhằm giúp các em sinh viên tiếp xúc với tiếng anh trong lĩnh vực Cơng nghệ thơng tin, cung cấp cho các em một số vốn từ, mẫu câu và những hiểu biết liên quan đến các chủ đề về lĩnh vực Cơng nghệ thơng tin Giáo trình này được biên soạn dựa trên các nguồn tài liệu tham khảo thuộc lĩnh vực Cơng nghệ thơng tin theo chủ đề , gắn liền ngơn ngữ với nghiệp vụ chun ngành theo tinh thần bám sát chương trình mơn học đã được nhà trường thơng qua Do cịn hạn chế về thời gian, trình độ nên dù đã cố gắng rất nhiều, trong q trình biên soạn, nhóm tác giả khơng tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, nhầm lẫn Rất mong nhận được những ý kiến đóng góp từ các thày cơ và các em học sinh để giáo trình này được hồn chỉnh hơn Chúng tơi xin chân thành cám ơn Ban lãnh đạo nhà trường cũng như các bạn đồng nghiệp đã tạo điều kiện giúp đỡ để chúng tơi có thể hồn thành tốt giáo trình học tập này Xin trân trọng cảm ơn Ninh Bình, ngày…tháng…. năm 2018 Tham gia biên soạn Chủ biên Nguyễn Thị Thu Nga Lê Thị Vân Nga Hồng Xn Hảo TABLE OF CONTENT CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MƠN HỌC Tên mơn học: Anh văn chun ngành Mã số mơn học: MH 17 Thời gian thực hiện mơn học: 60 giờ (Lý thuyết: 36 giờ; Thực hành: 20 giờ; Kiểm tra: 4 giờ) I. VỊ TRÍ, TÍNH CHẤT, Ý NGHĨA VÀ VAI TRỊ CỦA MƠN HỌC: Vị trí: Mơn học này thực hiện sau khi học các mơn học cơ bản về máy tính và các mơn lập trình căn bản Tính chất: Là mơn học chun mơn nghề lập trình máy tính Ý nghĩa và vai trị : Đây là mơn học lý thuyết cơ sở bắt buộc, giúp cho sinh viên đọc được các tài liệu kỹ thuật và các tài liệu lập trình II. MỤC TIÊU MƠN HỌC: Về kiến thức: + Đọc được các tài liệu về cơng nghệ thơng tin; + Đọc được các tài liệu kỹ thuật Về kỹ năng: Trình bày được các thuật ngữ về cơng nghệ thơng tin Về năng lực tự chủ và trách nhiệm: Có khả năng tổ chức, thực hiện các nhiệm vụ và chịu trách nhiệm đối với kết quả cơng việc của mình III. NỘI DUNG MƠN HỌC: Thời gian (giờ) Thực Số TT Tổng Tên chương mục số Unit 1: Computer today Unit 2: Hardware Unit 3: Software Unit 4: Programming languages 10 15 15 10 Lý thuyế t 10 10 hành, bài Kiể tập, m tra thảo luận 1 2 Unit 5: Computer tomorrow Cộng: 10 60 36 20 1 UNIT 1: COMPUTER TODAY Mã bài: MH17B01 Giới thiệu: Trong bài học này chúng ta sẽ học về các thành phần cơ bản cấu tạo nên một chiếc máy tính, những từ ngữ liên quan trực tiếp đến ngành IT Mục tiêu: Sau khi học xong bài này người học có khả năng Trình bày được các từ liên quan đến các khái niệm về cơng nghệ thơng tin; Hiểu các kiến thức tổng qt về cơng nghệ thơng tin; Có thái độ nghiêm túc và tích cực trong học tập NỘI DUNG CHÍNH: 1. Computer applications 1.1 Computer is used in some fields: Education, Sport, … We are now living in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives. Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are often called the digital generation. Computers help students to perform mathematical operations and improve their math skills They are used to access the internet, to do basic research and to communicate with other students around the world. Teachers use projectors and interactive whiteboards to give presentations and teach sciences, history or language courses. PCs are also used for administrative purposes – schools use word processors to write letters, and databases to keep records of students and teachers. A school website allows teachers to publish exercises for students to complete online. Students can also enroll for courses via the website and parents can download official reports In banks, computers store information about the money held by each customer and enable staff to access large databases and to carry out financial transactions at high speed. They also control the cashpoints, or ATMs (automatic teller machine), which dispense money to customers by the use of a PINprotected card. People use a CHIP and PIN cards to pay for goods and services. Instead of using a signature to verify payments, customers are asked to enter a fourdigit personal identification number (PIN), the same number used at cashpoints; this system makes transactions more secure. With online banking, clients can easily pay bills and transfer money from the comfort of their homes Airline pilots use computers to help them control the plane. For example, monitors display data about fuel consumption and weather conditions. In airport control towers, computers are used to manage radar systems and regulate air traffic. On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by computers. Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other details. 1.2 Grammar: Noun, Compound Noun Match the words (110) with their definitions (aj) 1. perform a. keep, save 2. word processor b. execute, do 3. online c. monetary 4. download d. screen 5. builtin e. integrated 6. digital f. connected to the internet 7. store g. collection of facts or figures 8. financial h describes information that is recorded or 9. monitor broadcast using computers 10. data i. program used for text manipulation j. copy files from a server to your PC or mobile 2. Computer essentials 2.1. The basic components of a computer system Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, processing in a specified format as information These basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computer’s memory Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form Information in the form of data and program is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals Perhaps, the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the “brain” of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU. The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/output devices Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished products from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of printer On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drivers and scanners These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration 2.2. Grammar: Compound adjectives Use the information in the text to help you match the terms provided with the appropriate explanations or definitions below a. software b. peripheral devices c. monitor d. floppy disk e. hardware f. input g. port h. output i. central processing unit 1. The brain of the computer 2. Physical parts that make up a computer system 3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system 4. The information which is presented to the computer 5. Results produced by a computer 6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU 7. Visual display units 8. Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’ 9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected UNIT 2: HARDWARE Mã bài: MH17 B02 Giới thiệu: Trong bài học này chúng ta sẽ học về các từ vựng liên quan đến cách thức hoạt động của phần cứng. Sự cần thiết của phần cứng đối với máy tính Mục tiêu: Sau khi học xong bài này người học có khả năng: Đọc được các tài liệu về phần cứng máy tính; Hiểu các kiến thức tổng qt về CPU; Có thái độ nghiêm túc và tích cực trong học tập NỘI DUNG CHÍNH: 1. The CPU The hardware are the parts of computer itself including the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and related microchips and microcircuitry, keyboards, monitors, case and drives (hard, CD, DVD, floppy, optical, tape, etc.). Other extra parts called peripheral components or devices include mouse, printers, modems, scanners, digital cameras and cards (sound, color, video), etc. Together they are often referred to as a personal computer Central Processing Unit – Though the term relates to a specific chip or the processor, a CPU’s performance is determined by the rest of the computer’s circuitry and chips 2. The peripherals: the input/output devices Keyboard – The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input information Monitors – The monitor shows information on the screen when you type. This is called outputting information When the computer needs more information it will display a message on the screen, usually through a dialog box. Monitors come in many types and sizes. The resolution of the monitor determines the sharpness of the screen. The resolution can be adjusted to control the screen’s display Case – The case houses the microchips and circuitry that run the computer. Desktop models usually sit under the monitor and tower models beside Removable Storage and/or Disk Drives _ All disks need a drive to get information off – or read – and put information on the disk – or write. Each drive is designed for a specific type of disk whether it is a CD, DVD, hard disk or floppy Digital flash drives work slightly differently as they use memory cards to store information so there are no moving parts Mouse – Most modern computers today are run using a mouse controlled pointer. Generally if the mouse has two buttons, the left one is used to select objects and text and the right one is used to access menus. If the mouse has one button (Mac for instance) it controls all the activity and a mouse with a third button can be used by specific software programs Printer – The printer takes information on your screen and transfers it to paper or a hard copy. There are many different types of printers with various levels of quality. The three basic types of printer are: dot matrix, inkjet, and laser Modem – A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines, cable or lineofsite wireless The term stands for modulate and demodulate which changes the signal from digital, which computers use, to analog, which telephones use and then back again Digital modems transfer digital information directly without changing to analog Scanners – Scanners allow you to transfer pictures and photographs to your computer. A scanner ‘scans’ the image from the top to the bottom, one line at a time and transfers it to the computer as a series of bits or a bitmap Digital cameras allow you to take digital photographs The images are stored on a memory chip or disk that can be transferred to your computer. Some cameras can also capture sound and video Cards – Cards are components added to computers to increase their capability 3. Grammar: Relative clause 3.1. Read the text and answer the questions: a Do the hardware include peripheral devices? b What is the keyboard used for? c What determines the sharpness of the screen? d Name some types of disk e How do digital flash drives work? 3.2. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) a The mouse is one of peripheral devices b The CPU determines its own performance c Digital flash drives use memory cards to store information d Computers use analog and telephones use digital signals e Digital modems transfer digital information by changing to analog f. Cards help increase the capability of computers 10 3.3. We can define people or things with a restrictive (defining) clause The teacher who is responsible for the computer centre has just arrived →We use the relative pronoun ‘who’ because it refers to a person. We could also use ‘that’ The microprocessor is a chip which processes the information provided by the software →We use the relative pronoun ‘which’ because it refers to a thing, not a person We could also use ‘that’ The computer we saw at the exhibition runs at 600MHz →Relative pronouns can be left out when they are not the subject of the relative clause Exercise: Complete the sentences below with suitable relative pronouns. Give alternative options if possible 1. That’s the CPU I’d like to buy 2. The microprocessor is a chip processes data and instructions The microprocessor coordinates the activities take place in a computer system 4. Last night I met someone works for GM as a computer programmer 5. A coprocessor is a silicon chip carries out mathematical operations at a very high speed 6. A megahertz is a unit of frequency used to measure processor speed 7. Here’s the floppy disk you lent me 11 UNIT 3: SOFTWARE Mã bài: MH17 B03 Giới thiệu: Trong bài học này chúng ta sẽ học về các từ vựng liên quan đến cách thức hoạt động của phần mềm. Sự cần thiết của phần mềm đối với máy tính Mục tiêu: Sau khi học xong bài này người học có khả năng: Đọc được các tài liệu về phần mềm; Cài được các phần mềm; Có thái độ nghiêm túc và tích cực trong học tập NỘI DUNG CHÍNH: 1. Software: System Software and Application Software 1.1. System software: Operating system (MSDOS, Windows, Linux, UNIX) The software is the information that the computer uses to get the job done. Software needs to be accessed before it can be used. There are many terms used for process of accessing software including running, executing, starting up, opening, and others The most popular operating systems are: * The Windows family: designed by Microsoft and used on most PCs * Mac OS: created by Apple and use on Macintosh computers * Unix: a multiuser system, found on mainframes and workstations in corporate installations * Linux: opensource software developed under the GNU General Public License. This means anybody can copy its source code, change it and distribute it. It is used in computers, appliances and small devices * Windows mobile: used on most PDAs and smartphones (PDAs incorporating smartphones) * Palm OS: used on Palm handheld devices * RIM: used on BlackBerry communication devices and developed by Research in Motion * The Symbian OS: used by some phone makers, including Nokia and Siemens 1.2 Application Software: The word processing (Microsoft word), Database (Access), Spreading sheet (Microsoft Excel) Computer programs allow users to complete tasks. A program can also be referred to as an application and the two words are used interchangeably Examples of software programs or applications would be the Operating System (OS, Windows 9x/Millenium/XP/Vista, O/S2, UNIX, MacOS 9.x/10.x and 12 various others), Wordprocessor (typing letters), Spreadsheet (financial info), Database (inventory control and address book), Graphics program, Internet Browser, Email and many others 1.3. GUI: Graphics and Design, Web Design In 1984, Apple produced the Macintosh, the first computer with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI) Macs were designed with one clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer A few years later, Microsoft launched Windows, another operating system based on graphic and intuitive tools. Nowadays, computers are used by all kinds of people, and as a result there is a growing emphasis on accessibility and userfriendly systems A GUI makes use of a WIMP environment: windows, icons, menus and pointer. The background of the screen is called the desktop, which contains labeled pictures called icons These icons represent files or folders Doubleclicking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents, or more nested folders When you are in a folder, you can launch a program or document by doubleclicking the icon, or you can drag it to another location. When you run a program, your PC opens a window that lets you work with different tools. All the programs have a high level of consistency, with similar toolbars, menu bars, buttons and dialog boxes A modern OS also provides access to networks and allows multitasking, which means you can run several programs – and do various tasks – at the same time 2. Grammar 2.1. Countable and uncountable nouns, Plural Nouns Countable nouns are people or things that we can count They have a singular or a plural form (e.g. program, file, system…) Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count. They have no plural form (e.g. software, music, multimedia, networking…) A lot of software these days is opensource Some words are countable in many languages but are uncountable in English, and are used with singular verbs (e.g advice, damage, equipment, furniture, research, news …) The advice he gave me was very useful 2.2. Ways of reducing sentences. 2.3. Gerunds * Cut out unnecessary phrases Macs were designed with one aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer => Macs were designed to facilitate interaction with the computer * Transform relative clauses into –ing participle clauses Doubleclicking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents or … 13 => Doubleclicking a folder opens a window containing programs, documents or … 2.4. Modal verbs We use modal verbs to add extra meaning to the main verb They are followed by infinitive without “to”. Modal verbs are used in the following ways: * To express a possibility You can/could use Adobe Flash to include interactive animations You may like to insert songs, podcasts, etc The price of Dreamweaver might go down next month Can and could are often interchangeable when talking about possibility. May and might are used to express weaker possibilities and often come before the verb like to mean “It is possible you will like.” * To ask for permission Can/Could/May I use your mobile phone? May is more formal than can or could * To talk about ability They are looking for artists who can draw and design web pages Could is the past tense of can and is used to talk about ability in the past * To talk about obligation or necessity To see or hear all these files, you must have the right plugin …you needn’t learn HTML in order to build your own website Needn’t means don’t need to or don’t have to and is used to express a lack of obligation * To give advice Before going live, you should check that all the links work 14 15 UNIT 4: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Mã bài: MH17 B04 Giới thiệu: Trong bài học này chúng ta sẽ học về các từ vựng liên quan đến ngơn ngữ lập trình và các phần mềm lập trình Mục tiêu: Sau khi học xong bài này người học có khả năng: Đọc được các tài liệu về lập trình; Cài được các phần mềm lập trình; Có thái độ nghiêm túc và tích cực trong học tập NỘI DUNG CHÍNH: 1. Basic concepts in programming languages such as VB, Cobol, Pascal, SQL, C, JAVA… Unfortunately, computers cannot understand ordinary spoken English or any other natural language. The only language they can understand directly is called machine code. This consists of the 1s and 0s (binary code) that are processed by the CPU However, machine code as a means of communication is very difficult to write. For this reason, we use symbolic languages that are easier to understand. Then, by using a special program, these languages can be translated into machine code. For example, the socalled assembly languages use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, and MPY to represent instructions Basic languages, where the program is similar to the machine code version, are known as lowlevel languages In these languages, each instruction is equivalent to a single machine code instruction, and the program is converted into 16 machine code by a special program called an assembler. These languages are still quite complex and restricted to particular machines To make the programs easier to write and to overcome the problem of intercommunication between different types of machines, higher level languages were designed such as BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN or Pascal. Programs written in one of these languages (known as source programs) are converted into a lowlevel language by means of a compiler (generating the object program) On compilation, each statement in a highlevel language is generally translated into many machine codes Here is a brief description of some of many highlevel languages FORTRAN acronym for FORmula TRANslation. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases. It was first introduced in the United States in 1954 COBOL acronym for Common Business – Oriented Language This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL, which is written using English statements, deals with problems that not involve a lot of mathematical calculations. It was first introduced in 1959 ALGOL acronym for ALGOrithmic Language Originally called IAL, International Algebraic Language It is used for mathematical and scientific purposed. ALGOL was first introduced in Europe in 1960 PI/I Programming Language I. developed in 1964 to combine features of COBOL and ALGOL Consequently, it is used for data processing as well as scientific applications 17 BASIC acronym for Beginner’s All – purpose Symbolic instruction Code, developed in 1965 at Dartmouth College in the United States for use by students who require a simple language to begin programming. C developed in the 1970s to support the UNIX operating system. C is a highly portable generalpurpose language Other such languages are APL (developed in 1962), PASCAL (named after Blaise Pascal and developed in 1971), and LISP and PROLOG, both of which are used for work in artificial intelligence. LOGO is a development of LISP which has been used to develop computerbased training (CBT) packages People communicate instructions to the computer in symbolic languages and the easier this communication can be made, the wider the application of computers will be Scientists are already working on Artificial Intelligence and the next generation of computers may be able to understand human languages 1.1. Read the text and answer these questions a. Do computers understand human languages? b. What are the differences between lowlevel and highlevel languages? c. What is an assembler? d. What is the function of compiler? e. What do you understand by the term source program and object program? 1.2. Summarize the information on different highlevel computer languages by completing the table below Language Developed Function Characteristic FORTRAN 1959 18 mathematical and scientific purposes combines features of COBOL and ALGOL BASIC to support Unix operating system 1962 2. Grammar: The passive voice The present simple passive You form the present simple passive with am/is/are + past participle E.g. This program is written in a special computer language Programs and data are usually stored on disks Exercise: Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verbs in the brackets Example: Houses (design) ………………… with the help of computers Houses are designed with the help of computers 1. Various terminals (connect) …………………… to this workstation 2. Microcomputers (know) ……………………… as “PCs” 3. Magazines (typeset) ……………………. by computers 4. When a particular program is run, the data (process) ………………… by the computers very rapidly 19 5. Hard disks (use) ………………… for the permanent storage of information The drugdetecting test in the TourdeFrance (support) …………… by computers 7. All the activities of the computer system (coordinate) ……………… by the central processing unit 8. In some modern systems, information (hold) ……………… in optical disks 3. Jobs in computing 3.1. The professional skills and personal qualities required for the jobs of senior programmer and DTP operator Complete these definitions with jobs from the box Software engineer computer security specialist blog administrator Help desk technician DTP operator hardware administrator webmaster 1. A …………………………….designs and develops IT devices 2. A ……………………………. writes computer programs 3. A …………………………….edits and deletes posts made by contributors to a blog 4. A …………………………….uses page layout software to prepare electronic files for publication 5. A …………………………….manages the hardware and software that comprise a network 6. A ……………………………designs and maintains websites A……………………………works with companies to build secure computer systems 8. A ……………………………helps endusers with their computer problems in person, by email or over the phone. 3.2. Write a letter applying for a job in IT Complete the following letter with for, since, ago or until Dear Mr. Scott, I’m writing to apply for the position of Senior programmer, which was advertised on 28th March in The Times I graduated in May 2002 and did a work placement with British gas as part of my degree. Before taking my present job I worked for a year with NCR. I stayed in this job (1)………March 2004 (2) …………… the last three years I have been working as a software engineer for Intelligent Software. I have designed four programs in COBOL for commercial use, and (3) ………….January, I have been writing programs for C in use for large retail chains. These have been very successful and we have won several new contracts in the UK and Europe on the strength of my team’s success Two years (4) ……… , I spent three months in Spain testing our programs and also made several visits to Italy, so I have a basis knowledge of Spanish and 20 Italian. I now feel ready for more responsibility and more challenging work, and would welcome the opportunity to learn about a new industry I enclose my curriculum vitae. I will be available for an interview at any time I look forward to hearing from you Your sincerely, Sarah Brown UNIT 5: COMPUTER TOMORROW Mã bài: MH17 B05 Giới thiệu: Trong bài học này chúng ta sẽ học về các từ vựng liên quan đến xu thế phát triển của máy tính và ngành cơng nghệ thơng tin. Tầm quan trọng của máy tính và cơng nghệ thơng tin đối với cuộc sống của con người Mục tiêu: Sau khi học xong bài này người học có khả năng: Đọc được các tài liệu nói về về xu hướng phát triển và các vấn đề con người phải đối mặt của máy tính và ngành CNTT; Có thái độ nghiêm túc và tích cực trong học tập NỘI DUNG CHÍNH: 1. Electronic communications Telecommunications refers to the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Information is transmitted by devices such as the telephone, radio, television, satellite, or computer networks. Examples could be two people speaking on their mobile phone, a sales department sending a fax to a client, or even someone reading the teletext pages on TV. But in the modern world, telecommunications mainly means transferring information across the Internet, via modem, phone lines or wireless networks Because of telecommunications, people can now work at home and communicate with their office by computer and telephone This is called teleworking. It has been predicted that about one third of all work could eventually be performed outside the workplace. In call centres, assistance or support is given to customers using the telephone, email or online chats. They are also used for telemarketing, the process of selling goods and services over the phone 21 Digital TV and radio In recent years, TV and radio broadcasting has been revolutionized by developments in satellite and digital transmission Digital TV is a way of transmitting pictures by means of digital signals, in contrast to the analogue signals used by traditional TV. Digital TV offers interactive services and pay multimedia – that is, it can transmit movies and shows to TV sets or PCs on a payperview basis. It is also widescreen, meaning programmes are broadcast in a native 16:9 format instead of the old 4:3 format. Digital TV provides a better quality of picture and sound and allows broadcaster to deliver more channels Digital Terrestrial TV is received via a settop box, a device that decodes the signals received through the aerial New technologies are being devised to allow you to watch TV on your mobile. For example, DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) and DVBH (Digital Video BroadcastHandheld) can send multimedia (radio, TV and data) to mobile devices Audio programs (music, news, sports, etc.) are also transmitted in a digital radio format called DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Mobile communications Thanks to wireless connectivity, mobile phones and Blackberrys now let you check your email, browse the Web and connect with home or company intranets, all without wires The use of GPS in cars and PDAs is widespread, so you can easily navigate in a foreign city or find the nearest petrol station. In the next few years, GPS chips will be incorporated into most mobile phones Another trend is wearable computers. Can you imagine wearing a PC on your belt and getting email on your sunglasses? Some devices are equipped with a wireless modem, a keypad and a small screen; others are activated by voice. The users of wearable technology are sometimes even called cyborg! The term was invented by Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline in 1960 to describe cybernetic organisms – beings that are part robot, part human Read the text and find the following 1. the device that allows PCs to communicate over telephone lines 2. the practice of working at home and communicating with the office by phone and computer the term that refers to the transmission of audio signals (radio) or audiovisual signals (television) 4. five advantages of digital TV over traditional analogue TV 5. two systems that let you receive multimedia on your mobile phone 6. the term that means without wires 7. devices that deliver email and phone services to users on the move 8. the meaning of the term cyborg 2. Internet issues: services internet, websites … 22 In small groups, look at the list of cybercrimes and discuss these questions 1. Which crimes are the most dangerous? 2. Is it fair or unfair to pay for the songs, videos, books or articles that you download? Should copyright infringement be allowed online? 3. What measures can be taken by governments to stop cybercrime? Do you think governments have the right to censor material on the Internet? 5. Personal information such as our address, salary, and civil and criminal records is held in databases by marketing companies. Is our privacy in danger? Cybercrimes * Piracy – the illegal copy and distribution of copyrighted software, games or music files * Plagiarism and theft of intellectual property – pretending that someone else’s work is your own * Spreading of malicious software * Phishing (password harvesting fishing) – getting passwords for online bank accounts or credit card numbers by using emails that look like they are from real organizations, but are in fact fake, people believe the message is from their bank and send their security details * IP spoofing – making one computer look like another in order to gain unauthorized access * Cyberstalking – online harassment or abuse, mainly in chat rooms or newsgroups * Distribution of indecent or offensive material 3. Computer Networks: LANS and WANS Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably Traditionally, networks have been split between wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs). A WAN is a network connected over longdistance telephone lines, and a LAN is a localized network, usually is one building or a group of buildings together The distinction, however, is becoming blurred It is now possible to connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as though they are a single WAN Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to another computer and transfer files between computers Today, networks carry email, provide access to public database and bulletin boards, and are beginning to be used for distributed systems Network also allows users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disksystems In the 1980s, at least 100 000 LANs were set up in laboratories and offices around the world. During the early part of this decade, synchronous orbit satellites lowered the price of longdistance telephone calls, enabling computer data and television 23 signals to be distributed more cheaply around the world. Since then, fiberoptic cable has been installed on a large scale, enabling vast amounts of data to be transmitted at a very high speed using light signals The impact of fiber optics will be considerable to reduce the price of network access. Global communication and computer networks will become more and more a part of professional and personal lives as the price of microcomputers and network access drops. At the same, distributed computer networks should improve our work environments and technical abilities 3.1. Match the technical terms on the left with the explanations on the right 1) LAN a. the hardware that emits and receives signals in a computer network 2) network architecture b. a network contained in a relatively small area 3) nodes c. the arrangement of nodes in a communication system (i.e. the distribution of elements in a network) 4) protocol d. a device that translates protocols between different types of networks (e.g. it can link networks of PCs and Macs to mainframes and minicomputers) 5) transceiver e. a special unit of data which acts as a key on a Token Ring network; only the machine in possession of this piece of software can transmit on the network 6) token f. a set of rules that allows the exchange of information over a network 7) gateway g. computers devices interconnected in a network 3.2. Answer the questions: a. What is a network? b. What is a LAN? c. What is a WAN? d. Can we connect up LANs remotely over telephone links? e. How many LANs were set up in the 1980s? 24 ... chúng ta. Trong những năm gần đây, cùng với sự phát triển của cơng nghệ thơng tin, mạng? ?máy? ?tính đang được phát triển rất rộng rãi. Để phục vụ việc học tập nghiên cứu của sinh viên ngành ? ?Lập ? ?trình? ? máy? ? tính, giáo? ? trình TIẾNG ANH ... trí: Mơn học này thực hiện sau khi học các mơn học? ?cơ bản về ? ?máy tính và các mơn? ?lập? ?trình? ?căn bản Tính chất: Là mơn học chun mơn nghề? ?lập? ?trình? ?máy? ?tính Ý nghĩa và vai trị : Đây là mơn học lý thuyết? ?cơ sở bắt buộc, giúp cho ... máy? ? tính, giáo? ? trình TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH LẬP TRÌNH MÁY TÍNH được biên soạn nhằm giúp các em sinh viên tiếp xúc với? ?tiếng? ?anh? ?trong lĩnh vực Cơng nghệ thơng tin, cung cấp cho các em một số vốn từ, mẫu câu và những hiểu biết liên quan đến các chủ đề về