25 chuyên đề tiếng anh ôn thi tốt nghiệp
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) MỤC LỤC Trang Lời nói đầu ( Introduction )……………………………………………………………………………………… Bảng từ viết tắt ( List of English abbreviations/words )………………………… …………… Module 1: Pronunciation(Phát âm)……………………………………………………………………….… Module 2: Stress(Trọng âm) …………………………………………………………………………………… Module 3: Verb tenses( Thì động từ) ………………………………………………………………… Module 4: The sequence of tenses( Sự phối hợp thì) ………………………………………………… Module 5: Subject and verb agreements( Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ) …………… … 11 Module 6: Modal verbs(Động từ khiếm khuyết) ………………………………………………………… 13 Module 7: The subjunctive mood( Thức giả định) …………………………………………………… 16 Module 8: Gerund and infinitive verb( V-ing /to V/V(bare) ) + Lối nói phụ họa………… 18 Module 9: Tag questions( Câu hỏi đuôi)………………………………………………………………….… 22 Module 10: Comparisons(Sự so sánh)……………………………………………………………………… 23 Module 11: The orders of the adjectives(Trật tự tính từ)…………………………………… 25 Module 12: Articles(Mạo từ) …………………………………………………………………………………… 26 Module 13: Word formation(Cấu tạo từ) ………………………………………………………………… 29 Module 14: Expressions of quantity( Từ định lượng) ………………………………………… 32 Module 15: Passive voices(Thể bị động) …………………………………………………………………… 34 Module 16: Conditional sentences and wish(Câu điều kiện & câu điều ước)………….… 39 Module 17: Reported speech(Câu tường thuật) …………………………………………………… … 41 Module 18: Relative clauses(Mệnh đề quan hệ) ………………………………………………… .… 44 Module 19: Phrase and clauses(Cụm từ câu) +Clauses of manner with………… 46 Module 20: Inversion(Đảo ngữ) ………………………………………………………………………………… 48 Module 21: Conjunctions(Liên từ)……………………………… ……………………………….……… 50 Module 22: Prepositions( Giới từ) …………………………………………………………………………… 53 Module 23: Phrasal verbs( Cụm động từ) ……………………………………………………………… … 61 Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Module 24: Idioms( Thành ngữ) …………………………………………………………………………… … 69 Module 25: Collocations( Cụm từ cố định) ………………………………………………………………… 76 Others structures( Một số cấu trúc khác) …………………………………………………………………… 79 Correct the mistakes ( Tìm lỗi sai )………………………………………………………………………… 83 Communications( Chức giao tiếp) …………………………………………………………………….… 84 Common family words( Bảng từ loại thông dụng) …………………………………………………….… 87 Irregular verbs( Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) ……………………………………………………………….… 98 FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Các bạn thân mến! FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 Theo xu phát triển xã hội hội nhập kinh tế toàn cầu, Ti ếng Anh ngày tr nên quan trọng cần thiết hết Tuy nhiên ngôn ngữ phạm trù r ộng nên việc thông thạo ngoại ngữ địi hỏi người đọc phải kiên trì,quyết tâm đặc bi ệt cần có phương pháp học tập hiệu Bạn cảm thấy khó khăn với việc học công thức, mẫu câu ngữ pháp Ti ếng Anh phức tạp cách giải thích dài dịng khó hiểu Bạn học học lại nhiều lần ghi nhớ kiến thức ngữ pháp Bạn băn khoăn khả ghi nhớ trước lượng kiến thức khổng lồ ngôn ngữ ngày Bạn nói viết Tiếng Anh sợ người nghe, người đọc hiểu nhầm ý sai ngữ pháp câu Quyển sách Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh bạn cầm tay giúp bạn học ghi nhớ ngữ pháp Ti ếng Anh cách nhanh chóng qua ví dụ minh họa Sơ đồ tư ( Mind Map ) Kiến thức siêu đầy đủ ,áp dụng dễ dàng.Phù hợp với trình độ ,mọi đối tượng từ giáo viên đến học sinh Quyển sách giúp bạn ! Đột phá việc ghi nhớ kiến thức Nắm trọn ngữ pháp thông qua từ khóa Kích thích phát triển não qua sơ đồ tư Tăng tính ứng dụng thực tế tình Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Trong q trình biên soạn sách có thiếu sót định.Tơi mong nhận đ ược s ự góp ý q báu bạn để sách hồn thiện Chúc bạn học tốt ! Sơ đồ tư mệnh danh “ công cụ vạn cho não” phương pháp trình bày ý tưởng ,kiến thức từ khóa chính, hình ảnh màu sắc, giúp não phát huy tối đa khả ghi nhớ LIST OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS/WORDS STT 10 11 Tên viết tắt S V O Adj Adv N Vp2 Sb St V-ing Np Tên viết đầy đủ Subject Verb Object Adjective Adverb Noun Past participle Somebody Something Gerund / present participle Noun phrase Ý nghĩa Chủ ngữ Động từ Tân ngữ Tính từ Trạng từ Danh từ Quá khứ phân từ Một Một Danh động từ/hiện phân từ Cụm danh từ FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351107 Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) MODULE 1: PRONUNCIATION PHÁT ÂM Nguyên âm ngắn - Short vowels - / ə/: ago, mother, togethe - /i/: hit, bit, sit - / ʌ /: study, shut, must - / ɒ /: got job, hospital - /u/: put, should, foot – -/e/: bed, send, tent, spend - / æ /: cat, chat, man Nguyên âm dài - Long vowels - / iː/ meet, beat, heat -/u:/: school, food, moon - /a:/: father, star, car - / ɔː/: sport, more, store -/ ɜː /: bird, shirt, early NGUYÊN ÂM VOWELS PHỤ ÂM CONSONANTS Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs - /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy - /ei/: day, baby, stay - /ou /: no, go, so - /au/: now, sound, cow - / ʊə /: poor, sure, tour - / eə /: air, care, share - / ɪə /: near, tear, cheer - /b/: bag, baby - /p/: pupil, pay, stop - /d/: dog, daddy, dead - /k/: kiss, key - /m/: mother, map, come - /j/: yes, yellow - /n/: many, none, news - /s/: see, summer - /l/: love, lucky, travel - /z/: zoo, visit - /r/: river, restaurant - /h/: hat, honey - /t/: tea, teach - / dʒ /: village, jam, generous - /g /: get, game, go - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - / ð /: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - / ʃ /: she, sugar - /w/: wet, why PHIÊN ÂM4 Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 PHÁT ÂM “ ED ” or “S / ES ” /s / / iz / k , p, f , t, th ( khắp phố phường tối thui ) Ch, X , S, Z, Sh, SE, CE, GE ( Chúng xổ số zới Sh có ghệ ) /z/ Khi tận trước nguyên âm phụ âm lại / id / t , d ( tình đầu ) /t/ / d/ sh, s, ch, ss, ce, x, k ,p, f = gh (Sáng sớm chi sáu chạy xe khắp phố phường ) Khi tận trước -ed nguyên âm phụ âm cịn lại Note -ed Đi -ed tính từ sau phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, ragged wicked , blessed , wretched Note đuôi -s - “se” đọc “z” or “s” Page - “Ce =S” - “gh” đọc “f” : laugh , cough, tough , rough Cách Cách phát phát âm âmđuôi đuôi -ed -s Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351107 PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions Question 1: A final B writer C ivory D widow Question 2: A passed B managed C cleared D threatened Question 3: A ejects B defends C advocates D breaths Question 4: A produced B believed C stopped D laughed Question 5: A alien B alloy C alley D anthem Question 6: A affected B looked C decreased D washed Question 7: A missed B worked C realized D watched Question 8: A need B speech C see D career Question 9: A loved B appeared C agreed D coughed Question 10: A pagoda B integral C against D aquatic Question 11: A imagines B bikes C cultures D involves Question 12: A office B practice C service D device Question 13: A finished B cooked C attended D laughed Question 14: A number B future C furious D amuse Question 15: A concerned B candied C travelled D dried Question 16: A speaks B speeds C graphs D beliefs Question 17: A dune B hummock C shrub D buffalo Question 18: A increased B pleased C replaced D fixed Question 19: A looks B knows C helps D sits Question 20: A linked B declared C finished D developed Question 21: A heat B beat C meant D easy Question 22: A sports B thanks C games D enthusiasts Question 23: A sacrificed B trusted C recorded D acted Question 24: A cooks B loves C joins D spends Question 25: A interviewed B performed C finished D delivered Question 26: A misses B goes C leaves D potatoes Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Question 27: A removed Question 28: A young Question 29: A confine Question 30: A isolated Question 31: A river Question 32: A valentine Question 33: A crop Question 34: A merchant Question 35: A obstacle Question 36: A failed Question 37: A develops Question 38: A species Question 39: A advanced Question 40: A exact Question 41: A heavy Question 42: A processed Question 43: A food Question 44: A amount Question 45: A apologize Question 46: A likes Question 47: A building Question 48: A create Question 49: A needed Question 50: A ploughs Question 51: A broad Question 52: A acronym Question 53: A account Question 54: A sound Question 55: A fungus Question 56: A contain Question 57: A measure Question 58: A south Question 59: A dome Question 60: A accountant Question 61: A clubs Question 62: A advance Question 63: A canoeing Question 64: A increase Question 65: A goalie Question 66: A bury Question 67: A book Question 68: A punctual Question 69: A sound Question 70: A clerk Question 71: A spark B approved B plough B conceal B climate B rival B imagine B common B sergeant B obscure B reached B takes B invent B established B examine B head B infested B shoot B country B agree B tightens B suitable B creature B played B photographs B load B agency B amount B touchy B rubbish B entertain B pleasure B southern B comb B country B books B ancient B penalty B meant B archive B hurt B foot B rubbish B touch B reserve B share C reminded C couple C convention C island C native C discipline C household C mermaid C obsession C absorbed C laughs C medicine C preferred C eleven C weather C balanced C book C counter C algebra C heaps C suit C easy C rained C gas C road C became C mourning C outdated C function C certain C threat C scout C home C count C hats C cancer C rival C flea C signal C turn C brook C thunder C down C deserve C park D relieved D cousin D concentrate D automobile D driven D determine D bodily D commercial D oblivious D solved D volumes D tennis D stopped D elephant D heat D reached D boot D around D aggressive D coughs D recruitment D increase D followed D laughs D boat D aviation D trout D account D furious D campaign D treat D drought D tomb D fountain D stamps D annual D tsunami D lease D advertisement D excursion D booth D furious D account D herb D smart Page Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Question 72: A hasty Question 73: A neigh Question 74: A butter Question 75: A hall Question 76: A lost Question 77: A adopted Question 78: A mile Question 79: A peace Question 80: A sailor B nasty B height B gum B salt B post B appealed B militant B great B tailor C wastage C weigh C butcher C drawn C loan C dedicated C smile C treat C naivety D tasty D vein D summer D roll D pole D wounded D kind D meat D painter FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351107 MODULE 2: STRESS Tiếng Anh ngôn ngữ đa âm tiết Những từ có hai âm tiết trở lên ln có âm ti ết phát âm khác biệt hẳn so với âm tiết lại độ dài, độ lớn độ cao Âm tiết phát âm to hơn, giọng cao kéo dài âm khác từ ta nói âm ti ết đ ược nhấn tr ọng âm Hay nói cách khác, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết Khi nhìn vào phiên âm từ trọng âm từ kí hiệu dấu (') phía trước, bên âm tiết QUY TẮC CHUNG NGOẠI LỆ VÍ DỤ candy, really, active, carrot dictate, present, export, begin, dictate, present, export, prevent economic, revision, colonial, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, gymnasium, continuous adventurous, considerate, attitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, democracy cadec, listen, open, guitar, patrol, visit arithmetic, heretic, appliance incarnate, disastrous Các từ từ ậntậcùng là: là: IC, OUS, ION, ATE, IA, Các n Từ có âm tiết: IAL, IAN, AL,tLOGY, -TUDE, Danh tITY, ừIAR, hoETY, ặcIENCE, tính ừIENCY, : nhPage ấGRAPHY, n IENT, âm IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS METRY, tiế t đầu NOMY, CY (nhấn trước (- Đ nh âm) ộấ ngn ttr ừướ : nhcấnó n ở21âm tiết cuối âm) Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Các từ tận là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn vần cuối ( nhấn vào nó) employee, Vietnamese, engineer, volunteer, bamboo, balloon, cigarette, picturesque Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu blackbird, greenhouse Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai bad-tempered, old-fashioned understand, overflow centigrade, committee, overseer CHÚ Ý KHI XÉT TRỌNG ÂM - Đối với từ có âm tiết có âm tiết: - trọng âm rơi âm tiết trước hậu tố ‘tion, ion, ment’ Nếu tất âm mà ngắn hết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Trọng âm không rơi vào âm /ə/hoặc âm /əʊ/ Đối với từ có âm tiết: - âm tiết đầu phát âm /ə/ trọng âm rơi vài âm tiết thứ PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions Question 1: A apply B persuade C reduce D offer Question 2: A preservatives B congratulate C preferential D development Question 3: A president B physicist C inventor D property Trọng âm thường rơi vào Question 4: A economy B unemployment C communicate D particular nguyên âm dài/nguyên Question 5: A elephant B dinosaur C buffalo D mosquito âm đôi âm cuối kết ột thúc với nhiềuPage m phụ âm Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Question 6: A scientific Question 7: A conference Question 8: A intentional Question 9: A explain Question 10: A represent Question 11: A minister Question 12: A equip Question 13: A involve Question 14: A hospital Question 15: A garment B intensity B lecturer B optimistic B happen B intensive B dependent B listen B provide B inflation B comment C disappearance C researcher C environment C decide C domestic C encourage C answer C install C policy C cement D expectation D reference D participant D combine D employment D agreement D enter D comment D constantly D even C educate C passion C organize C involve C woman C offer C volcanic C polite C conserve C reasonable C signal C informality C rainfall C September C picture C attention C unique C develop C interest C enjoyable C horrible C surprise C absorb C treatment C reply C chemist C sufficient C comfortable C advantage C swallow C astronaut C profit C happen C reduce D primary D subtract D compliment D escape D novel D require D resources D happy D maintain D comparison D instance D entertainment D wildlife D opponent D pollute D attractive D achieve D introduce D sacrifice D suspicious D wonderful D physics D exhaust D canal D refuse D proceed D appointment D technology D disaster D control D bachelor D canal D delay D explain FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 Question 16: A different Question 17: A sorrow Question 18: A certainty Question 19: A publish Question 20: A police Question 21: A attract Question 22: A delicate Question 23: A figure Question 24: A engage Question 25: A original Question 26: A person Question 27: A situation Question 28: A different Question 29: A gorilla Question 30: A promote Question 31: A exciting Question 32: A curious Question 33: A comprehend Question 34: A consider Question 35: A pollutant Question 36: A generous Question 37: A history Question 38: A deafness Question 39: A pressure Question 40: A publish Question 41: A machine Question 42: A applicant Question 43: A interview Question 44: A example Question 45: A explain Question 46: A character Question 47: A surgeon Question 48: A supply Question 49: A broaden B achievement B schooling B activity B replace B system B amaze B promotion B honest B import B responsible B hotel B appropriate B bamboo B interesting B precede B impolite B receive B entertain B concentrate B graduate B endangered B village B arrange B sensible B predict B export B preference B concentrate B happiness B involve B guitarist B conquest B consist B persuade Page 10 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Question 50: A solidarity Question 51: A royal Question 52: A enroll Question 53: A optimistic Question 54: A affectionate Question 55: A certificate Question 56: A treasure Question 57: A conceal Question 58: A forgettable Question 59: A centralize Question 60: A compass B effectively B unique B promote B diversity B kindergarten B compulsory B appoint B contain B philosophy B candidate B campus C documentary C remote C require C environment C respectable C remember C advance C conserve C humanism C applicant C comfort D dedication D extreme D danger D assimilate D occasional D information D diverse D conquer D objectively D motivation D command FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351107 MODULE 3:VERB TENSES Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Dạng SIMPLE PRESENT (Hiện đơn) SIMPLE PAST (Quá khứ đơn) S + V[-s/es] S + V-ed/V cột S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 Do / Does + S + V1 …? S + didn’t + V1 Did + S + V1 …? - yesterday - always, usually, occasionally, often, … - last + time: last week, last Sunday… - every:every day, every year, every - time+ ago : two months ago, five years Sunday ago… - once a day , twice…, times… - in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, … PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Hiện tiếp diễn) PAST CONTINUOUS (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Was / Were + S + V-ing …? - At that moment - When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ were V-ing Vd: When I came, she was crying - While : Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was driving - now, at present - at the moment - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : Vd: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping Look! He is running PRESENT PERFECT (Hiện hoàn thành) PAST PERFECT (Quá khứ hoàn thành) Page 11 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Dấu hiệu nhận biết S + has / have + V-ed/V cột S + had + V-ed/V cột S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V cột Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V cột …? - just, already, ever, yet, recently, lately, - since, for : since 1995, for years - so far, up to now , It is the first time… S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V cột Had + S + V-ed/ V cột 3…? - after + S + had V3/ED , (simple past) - before + (simple past), S + had V3/ED - By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had V3/ED: lúc SIMPLE FUTURE (Tương lai đơn) FUTURE PERFECT (Tương lai hoàn thành) S + will + V S + will have+ V-ed/ V cột S + won’t + V Will + S + V 1? S + won’t have + V-ed/ V cột Will + S + have + V-ed/ V cột 3…? - tomorrow - by the end of this month - next + time : next week, next - by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will Monday,… have V3/ED - in the future NEAR FUTURE (Tương lai gần) FUTURE CONTINUOUS (Tương lai tiếp diễn) S + am/is/are going to + V S + will be + ving - Diễn tả kế hoạch, dự định - Diễn tả dự đoán có - Diển tả việc xảy tương lai PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Jane law at Harvard for four years now A is studying B has been studying C studies D studied This time tomorrow on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice! A I’ll have been lying B I will lie C I will be lying D I will have lain Page 12 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) We for three hours and we are very tired A waited B have been waiting C wait She for hours That’s why her eyes are red now A cried B has been crying C was crying When I last saw him, he in London A is living B has been living C was living By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they for London D had waited D has cried D lived FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 A would have left B will have left C will left D are leaving Mr Pike English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year A had been teaching B has been teaching C was teaching D is teaching They for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow A will be leaving B have left C will have left D will leave When I to the airport, I realized that I my passport at home A got/had left B got/left C had got/had left D got/was left 10 I was angry when you saw me because I with my sister A have been arguing B had been arguing C argued D would argue 11 Call me as soon as you your test results A get B will get C will have got D got 12 I to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer A have never been B had never been C was never being D were never 13 I along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me A was walking B am walking C walk D walked 14 He occasionally a headache in the morning A has had B has C have D is having 15 The boy fell while he down the stairs A run B running C was running D.runs 16 I will come and see you before I for America A leave B will leave C have left D left 17 When the first child was born, they _ for three years A have been married B had been married C will be married D will have been married 18 It a long time since we were apart I did not recognize her A is B has been C was D had been 19 Many of the people who attended Mr David’s funeral him for many years A didn’t see B wouldn’t see C haven’t seen D hadn’t seen 20 We were both very excited about the visit, as we each other for ages A never saw B didn’t see C hadn’t seen D haven’t seen 21 In one year’s time, she for this company for 15 years A will be working B will have been working C will work D has worked 22 His health has improved a lot since he doing exercises regularly A starts B started C has started D had started Page 13 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) 23 She hurt herself while she hide-and-seek with her friends A is playing B had played C played D was playing 24 .What at o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you A did you B were you doing C would you D had you done 25 It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder We such a terrible thunderstorm A would never see B had never seen C have never seen D never see 26 I _ my old teacher last week A visited B visit C am visiting D have visited 27 My brother usually me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework A ask B asks C asked D has asked 28 I all of my homework last night A finish B will finish C have finished D finished 29 Lan learning English a few years ago A starts B will start C started D is starting 30 Only after she from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health A would recover B has recovered C had recovered D was recovering 31 Only after the bus for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route A was running B had run C has run D runs 32 The children to bed before their parents came home from work A were all going B had all gone C had all been going D have all gone 33 Paul noticed a job advertisement while he along the street A was walking B would walk C walked D had walked 34 I haven’t met him again since we school ten years ago A have left B leave C left D had left 35 For the last 20 years, we significant changes in the world of science and technology A witness B have witnessed C witnessed D are witnessing 36 My best friend Lan to England 10 years ago A was moving B moves C moved D has moved 37 Mr.Pike for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until he A worked/retires B works/is retiring C has been working/retires D is working/will retire 38 While I at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting 39 By the end of last March, I English for five years A had been studied B had been studying C will have been studying D will have studied 40 Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile I hope nothing’s wrong A I call B I’ve been calling C I’m calling D called 41 We in silence when he suddenly me to help him A walked - was asking B were walking - asked C were walking - was asking D walked - asked 42 By the time the software on sale next month, the company $2 million on developing it Page 14 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) A went - had spent B will go - has spent C has gone - will spend D goes - will have spent 43 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television A called /was watching B had called /watched C called /have watched D was calling /watched 44 Linda took great photos of butterflies while she in the forest A was hiking B is hiking C hiked D had hiked 45 When I for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me A was waiting B waited C had waited D were waiting MODULE 4: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES Một câu bao gồm mệnh đề (main clause) nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause) Khi câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, động từ phải có s ự phối hợp Một số cách hịa hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề thời gian: Main clause Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian) Hiện Hiện Quá khứ Quá khứ Tương lai Hiện Sự phối hợp mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian: Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me diễn tả hành động xảy nối tiếp Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) diễn tả hành Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner động xảy WHEN có hành động khác Trong TƯƠNG LAI: xen vào WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) diễn tả hành Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off động xảy xong trước hành động Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành) khác Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge AS diễn tả hành động Trong QUÁ KHỨ: SOON xảy nối tiếp AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) AS Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện đơn/hiện hoàn thành), S + V Page 15 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) SINCE BY + TIME AT THIS/ THAT TIME BY THE TIME AFTER BEFOR E UNTIL/ TILL (tương lai đơn) Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work S + V (hiện hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn) diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’ Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school Trong QUÁ KHỨ: diễn tả hành động BY + trạng từ khứ + S + V (q khứ hồn thành) kết thúc tính đến Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for years điểm khứ/tương Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY + trạng từ tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) lai Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for years Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ khứ + S + V (quá khứ diễn tả hành động tiếp diễn) xảy Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet thời điểm xác định khứ/tương Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ tương lai + S + V (tương lai lai tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed diễn tả nghĩa “vào lúc” Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk diễn tả hành động xảy xong tới hành động khác Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AFTER + S + V (hiện hoàn thành), S + V (hiện đơn) Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) diễn tả hành động xảy xong trước Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors có hành động khác Trong TƯƠNG LAI: tới BEFORE + S + V (hiện đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL + diễn tả nghĩa “cho tới S + V (hiện đơn/hiện hoàn thành) khi” Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible Wait here until I come back CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PERFECT 1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ mốc thời gian./when + clause => S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +khoảng thời gian + since + mốc thời gian =>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed =>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago 2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed =>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before Page 16 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) 3.S started/began + Ving/to V +………………+khoảng thời gian +ago +…………… In + mốc thời gian./when + clause =>S + have/has + V3/ed +for + khoảng thời gian +since + mốc thời gian 4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving……… ? =>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….? FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions I your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon A meet B met C have met D had met He a cigarette and to the window A light; walked B lit; walks C lighted; walked D lights; walks After she for help, she off her shoes and in to save him A shouted; took; jumped B had shouted; took; jumped C had shouted; had taken; jumped D shouted; had taken; jumped I can't go with you because I my homework yet A haven't finished B had finished C finished D finish He for London years ago and since then I him A have left; didn't see B left; haven't seen C eft; hadn't seen D had left; have't seen The performance at o'clock and for hours We all it very much A had started; had lasted; enjoyed B had started; lasted; enjoyed C started; had lasted; enjoyed D started; lasted; enjoyed Tell them to stop and take a rest They long enough A have worked B had worked C have been working D had been working "You here before?” □ "Yes, I my holidays here last year.” A have you been; spended B have you been; spent C had you been; spent D were you; spent We our housework by tomorrow evening A will finish B will have finished C will be finishing D are going to finish 10 "Your face is dirty, Tom.” - "All right, I it.” A am washing B am going to wash C will wash D will have washed 11 Coming into the room, he Mary where he her A see; left B saw; had left C had seen; left D saw; was leaving 12 I from him since he two years ago A hadn't heard; disappeared B haven't heard; disappeared C didn't hear; has disappeared D will not hear; disappears 13 After the guests she back into the living-room and off the light Page 17 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) A left; went; turned B had left; had gone; turned C have leftt; will got; turned D had left; went; turned 14 By the time you finish cooking they their homework A will have finished B will finish C had finished D have finished 15 "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind I ” A will be walking B am going to walk C will walk D am walking MODULE 5: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS Quy tắc chung: Chủ ngữ danh từ số danh từ khơng đếm động từ số chủ ngữ số nhiều động từ số nhiều Tuy nhiên, đơi chủ ngữ cịn hồ hợp với động từ tuỳ theo ý tưởng diễn đạt danh t ừ/đại từ đứng trước theo quy tắc định Sau số quy tắc hoà hợp gi ữa chủ ngữ động từ: V (số ít) Chủ ngữ danh từ cụm danh từ số Chủ ngữ đại lượng thời gian, khoảng cách, tiền bạc, hay đo lường Chủ ngữ đại từ bất định: someone, anything, nothing, eve-eryone, another… Chủ ngữ mệnh đề danh từ Ex: All I want to now is to sleep Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “to infinitive” “V-ing” Chủ ngữ bắt đầu cụm từ “Many a” Chủ ngữ bắt đầu phân số có tử số Ex: 1/2 is larger than 1/3 Chủ ngữ số danh từ đặc biệt có hình thức số nhiều: môn học (Physics, Maths), môn thể thao (billards, athletics…), tin tức (news), loại bệnh (rabies, measles…) , tên số quốc gia tổ chức (UN, the United States, the Philipines…), loài động vật (ants, elephants…) Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/Plenty of/ + N (khơng đếm được/số ít) Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “The number of + N (số nhiều)” Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “None of + N (số nhiều)/ No + N (số ít)” Chủ ngữ bắt đầu N1 (số ít) of N2 Chủ ngữ cụm danh từ nhóm động vật (số ít) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”: flock of birds/sheep, school of fish, pride of lion, pack of dogs, herd of cattle… A large amount/A great deal + N (khơng đếm được/ số ít) Neither (of)/Either of + N (số nhiều) Ex: - Neither restaurants is expensive - Either of them works in this company Chủ ngữ tựa đề Ex: “Chi pheo” is a famous work of Nam Cao Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “A pair of + N (số nhiều)” Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer Chủ ngữ danh từ cụm danh từ số nhiều Ex: Oranges are rich in vitamin C Một số danh từ kết thúc “s” dùng số nhiều: people, police, cattle, children, geese, mice… Page 18 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) V (số nhiều) V chia theo chủ ngữ V chia theo danh từ thứ Ex: People are searching for something to eat Hai chủ ngữ nối “and” có quan hệ đẳng lập Ex: Jane and Mary are my best friends Tuy nhiên, danh từ người, phận ăn… động từ chia số (Lưu ý: khơng có “the” trước danh từ sau “and”.) Ex: Bread and butter is their daily food Cấu trúc “both N1 and N2” Ex: Both Betty and Joan are cooking for their dinner party Chủ ngữ đại từ: several, both, many, few, all, some + N (số nhiều) Ex: Several students are absent Chủ ngữ “The + adj”, tập hợp người Ex: The poor living here need help Chủ ngữ bắt đầu phân số có tử số từ trở lên Ex: 2/5 are smaller than 1/2 Các danh từ dùng dạng số nhiều (thường theo cặp): trouser, eyeglasses, jeans, tweezers, shorts, pliers, pants, tongs… Ex: The pants are in the drawer Chủ ngữ bắt đầu bằng: Most of/All of/ Plenty of/Some of/Majority of/ The last of/ One of/Half of/Part of/The rest of/Percentage of/A lot of/Lots of/A third of/Minority of + N (số nhiều) Ex: Most of people in the factory are male Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “A number of + N (số nhiều) Ex: A number of students going to class decrease Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “No + N (số nhiều) Ex: No people understand what he says Chủ ngữ bắt đầu “N1 (số nhiều) of N2” Ex: The studies of how living things work are called philosophy Chủ ngữ cụm danh từ nhóm động vật (số nhiều) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”: flocks of birds/sheep; schools of fish; prides of lion; packs of dogs; herds of cattle… Ex: Flocks of birds are flying to its destination Chủ ngữ nối với liên từ: “as long as, as well as, with, together with, along with, in addition to, accompanied by” Ex: - She, along with her classmates, is going to university this year - Mrs Smith together with her sons is going abroad Either …or… Neither … nor… Not only … but also… … or… … nor… Not… but… Page 19 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351107 PRACTISES Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions One of a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table a my friend keep c my friend keeps b my friends keep d my friends keeps Every love a man, woman and child needs c man, woman and child need b men, women and children needs d men, women and children need One of the girls who in this office my niece a works / is b works / are c work / is d work / are Neither Lan nor her parents the film a like b likes c is like d are like Each the same as the day before a days was b day was c days were d day were More men than left handed a woman are b woman is c women are d women is Every one of the students on time for class a is b are c were d have been There some money on the table a are b were c have been d is This information about taxes helpful a were b have been c is d are 10 The vegetables in the bowl on the table fresh a looks b smells c are d is Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered A B C basic part of the education of every child D Lan together with her boyfriends are working in groups to find out A B C D the solution to that problem Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week A B C D 1.6 billion gallons were sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries A B C D Buying clothes is often a time-consuming practice because those clothes that a Page 20 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) A B person likes is seldom the ones that fit him or her C D Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants A B C D Measles have not yet been eradicated because of the controversy concerning A B C D immunization Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each A B C individual’s point of view D Never before has so many people in the United States been interested in soccer A B C D 10 She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down A B C D 11 Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called A B C D 12 As a result of the Women’s Movement, women now holds positions A B that were once restricted to men C D 13 One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship A B C are from this university D 14 Mrs Steven, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the A B C D festivities 15 The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife A B C D habitats 16 The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election A B C returns on TV D 17 Neither Russia nor the United States have been able to discover a mutually A B C satisfactory plan for gradual disarmament D 18 The office furniture that was ordered last month have just arrived, but we’re not sure A B whether the manager likes it C D Page 21 Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar + Exercises and Key ) 19 What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and A B C policemen who had been laid off from their jobs D 20 That these students have improved their grades because of their participation in the A B C D test review class 21 There are a car and two vans in front of my house A B C D 22 Fifty minutes are the maximum length of time allotted for the exam A B C D 23 The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that A B have become extinct have increased C D 24 The number of homeless people in Nepal have increased sharply due to the recent A B C severe earthquake D 25 Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is expected to change their A B C reservations and proceed to Hawaii D 26 The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved A B C D 27 Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in A B C the financial market last week D 28 On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than A B C FILE WORD CHUẨN ĐẸP LIÊN HỆ ZALO O937-351-107 Page 22 ... lecturer B optimistic B happen B intensive B dependent B listen B provide B inflation B comment C disappearance C researcher C environment C decide C domestic C encourage C answer C install C... experience, efficient, gymnasium, continuous adventurous, considerate, attitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, democracy cadec, listen, open, guitar, patrol, visit arithmetic,... /: village, jam, generous - /g /: get, game, go - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - / ð /: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - / ʃ /: she, sugar - /w/: wet,