De tra ldi dUde cau hdi nay. chung ta trd lai y kien cua cac nha nghien ciiu tien bdi. Ha Van Tan thi nhUng chU Phan trong cac chua Viet Nam hien thay khdng gidng vdi cac chU Deva Ga[r]
(1)26 Nghien curu Ton giao Sd6 - 2009
i • • M I
Chii' Phan cac chua Ha Npi NGUYEN 1VI.A,NH CirclNG'*' T r o n g cac c h u a d H a Ngi h i e n n a y
cdn lUu lai k h a n h i e u chU P h a n d t r e n c h u o n g bia t h a p md, c u n g nhU d t r e n n h i e u t h a n h p h i n k i e n t r u e cua c h u a t a o n e n m g t d a n g ve linh t h i e n g h u y e n bi TrUdc c h u n g tdi da cd n h i e u n h a n g h i e n ciiu c h u y e n n g a n h n h u ; Ngdn ngU hgc, Sii hgc, K h a o cd hgc P h a t hgc, t h a m chi ca H a n N d m n g h i e n ciiu loai h i n h chU
Cac y k i e n dUdng nhU thd'ng nha't r a n g , chu P h a n t r o n g cac chUa d Viet N a m la mdt d a n g c h d k h a dgc dao k h d n g gid'ng vdi cac lo,ai h i n h c h d P h a n da biet T r o n g sd nhUng bai viet de cap tdi chU P h a n cd h a i bai viet cua GS H a Van T a n va GS N g u y e n T a i C a n ve v a n de chU P h a n d a n g t r e n T a p chi K h a o cd hgc so'
1/1989 r a t d a n g chu y
Bai viet cua GS H a V a n T a n m a n g ttia de: Thi/ dgc mgt kieu chd Phan cdc chua mien Bdc Viet Nam T r o n g bai viet tac gia n e u r a 20 ki h i e u ghi cac p h u am: ka ga, ja, ta, t h a , da na, t a t ha, da d h a , na, pa, p h a , m a la va, sa, ha; chin ki hieu ghi cac td hdp am: jva, d d h a , d m a dva pva m b h a m y a sva s t h a va ki hieu ve quy tac ghi cac a m a, i, i, u, e, o; am mui m'"
T r o n g bai viet ciia GS N g u y e n T a i Can; Bdn thitn ui udn di chd Phan cdc chua mien Bdc Viet Natn tac gia da c h u n g m m h va di d e n n h a n d i n h ; \6\ ghi
c h u P h a n d Viet N a m b a t n g u d n tU giai d o a n N a g a r i , mdt chi n h a n h h i n h t h a n h t d t h e ki VII t r e n cd sd dien bien cua van t u G u p t a , ve s a u bien ddi nhieu n g u y e n n h a n k h a c n h a u va nha't la tiep t h u a n h h u d n g ciia each viet cac giai doan N a n d i n a g a r i ( t h e ki XI); giai doan D e v a n a g a n ( t h e ki X I I I ) " ' "
N h u viiy c h u P h a n da dUde t r u y e n ba vao Viet N a m tii l a u song viec n h a n dang c u n g n h u dgc cac loai h i n h chU n h u t h e n a o v a n cdn la mdt v a n de n a n giai ddi vdi cac n h a n g h i e n cdu? T r o n g bai viet n a y c h u n g tdi t r e n cd sd ke thiia ket q u a n g h i e n ciiu cua nhUng ngUdi di trUdc, thii dUa r a n h U n g n h i n n h a n mdi ve dang c h u c u n g n h u mdt vai each dgc va each p h i e n a m t i e n g P h a n s a n g t i e n g Viet qua each dgc c u a a m H a n Viet
1 C h i i P h a n - Q u a t r i n h h i n h t h a n h
T i e n g P h a n ( S a n s k r i t ) la mdt nhdm cua ngdn ngU An-Au t r o n g dd bao gdm n h i e u ngdn ngU c u a cac nUdc C h a u Au nhU; ngon ngU nUdc A n h ngdn ngU xii W a l e s , ngdn ngU La T i n h va ngdn ngU Hy L a p T a t ca d e u dUdc p h a t trien tii mgt d a n g n g d n ngU ddn a m (hoac la, t n i e tiep
* TS Vien Nghien ciru Ton giao
1 Thif doc mgt kieu chif Pligii cdc chiia mien
Bdc \'iet Nam Tap chf Kiiao cd hoc so 1/1989
2 Bdn them ve vdn de chi'f Pligii cdc chiia
(2)Nguyen Manh Cirong ChilPhan cdc chua Hd N()i 27
b d n tien hda tii mdt thU t i e n g r a t g i n vdi ngdn ngU b a n xU) goi la ngdn ngU An-Au n g u y e n t h u y h a y chi ggi la ngdn ngU An-Au, dUdc d u n g vao k h o a n g thien m e n ki t h d ba trUde Cdng n g u y e n N a y k h d n g cdn d a u tich gi NhUng ngUdi ndi tieng An-Au n g u y e n t h u y d u d n g nhU theo ldi sdng du m u c d n h U n g v u n g b i n h n g u y e n Ddng Au, dac b i e t la v u n g phia b i c Bien Den Q u a sU k h a m p h a cua d a n tdc H i t t i t e , c h u S a n s k r i t dUdc xem la m a u tU cd xUa nha't de ghi ngdn ngU An-Au
T i e n g S a n s k r i t t h u d c ve nhdm Indo-I r a n i a n mgt ngdn ngU dac trUng dien h i n h cua h e ngdn ngU An-Au Mgt n h a n h q u a n t r g n g k h a c t h u d c n h d m la ngdn ngii Ba Tu NhUng ngUiii ndi tieng Indo-I r a n i a n sdm nha't dUde biet la ngUdi A r y a n - ten ggi ma hg tii diit cho minh Mac du r a t hdp li thUa n h a n que hUdng cua bg tgc A r y a n la d mien bac C a u c a s u s nhUng nhUng ghi ch(3p sdm nha't cua hg cho biet xua't xU thi khdng phai vung cung nhU v u n g Indo-Iranian ma tii mien n a m v u n g C a u c a s u s , tii vUdng qudc M i t a n n i cua mien bac Mesopotamia Tuy nhitm, cudc thien di chinh cua hg khdng phai di ve phia n a m ma ve hUdng ddng vao v u n g T r u n g A rdi tii dd chia tach sang Iran va An Do S a u dd ngUdi Ai-yan thudc Iran va ngUdi A r y a n thugc An Do tie'p tiic chia tach ca van hda lan ngdn ngU Nhiing bieu tUdng co xUa n h a t cua ngud'i Iran cho thii'v hg thugc ve ngdn ngU Avestan - thii ngdn n g d linh thieng cua nhiing nguili theo Bai Hoa giao
T a i An Do, cd mdt n e n v a n m i n h p b a t trien vii dd thi hda r a t cao trUde ngUdi
Aryan gia n h a p vao dd Nen van minh thUdng du'dc ggi la van m m h luu viic sdng An Ha Nen van minh tdn tiii t r o n g mdt thdi gian dai va dn dinh n('>n da cd chu viet rieng Song k h o n g rd vi thii chu n a y dot n h i e n bien m a t Sau sti suy vong cua n e n v a n hda dd ngUdi A r y a n da de'n day tiep tuc sinh sdng Tuy nhien, sU x u a t h i e n cua ngUdi Aryan d An Do k h d n g p h a i la n g u y e n n h a n triic tiep d a n tdi sii t a n lui cua nen van m m h An Ha N h u vay la v a n cdn mgt k h o a n g lich sii t h a t khd li giai
Ngdn ngU m a ngUdi Aryan dUa vao An Do da p h a t t n e n va da d a n g hda dan trd t h a n h ngdn ngU chu yeu cua mien Bac An Do T h u a t ngU c h u n g de ggi ngdn ngU la Indo-Aryan Sti p h a t trien cua ngdn ngd I n d o - A r y a n dUdc cbia t h a n h cac giai doan; cd dai t r u n g diii va ciin did
Giai dorin cd dai cua ngdn ngU Aryan tUdng dUdng vdi ngdn ngU S a n s k r i t chi t r o n g nghia rgng va nd dUdc p h a n chia chu yeu gnia t i e n g P h a n thdi Veda va tieng S a n s k r i t cd dien s a u Ve ban cha't, sii k h a c n h a u giUa tieng Phiin thiii Veda va S a n s k r i t cd dien k h o n g cd gi l(in Ve tim vi hgc, rd r a n g nha't la sU khac n h a u ve phdi am, qua dd mdt tU co iim tiet so bien t h a n h am tie't Ve hinh thai hgc, sU p h o n g p h u cua cac d a n g bien each dUdc giam trii c h u t it Ve tii viing nhieu tieng A r y a n co dUdc bd qua nhUng sii bd qua a'y cd n h i e u tac d u n g bdi k h a n a n g vay mu'dn n h i e u tii k h d n g thugc ngudn ngdn ngU A r y a n
(3)28 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd6 - 2009
la su gdp p h i n cua mdt so' tii cdn lUu lai ngudn gd'c ngdn ngU An-Au NhUng phUdng ngU khac cua he ngdn ngd Indo-Aryan van cdn tdn tai khong ghi chep thuc te' nhU xUa
Giai doan trung dai cua ngdn ngU de nhan tha'y bcii sU chuyen ddi tU ngdn ngU tang lU quy tdc sang ngdn ngU binh dan Trong thdi ki trung dai cd the chia giai doan phat trien;
- Giai doan d i u dUdc dai dien bang ngdn ngU Pali, ngon ngU An Do nhat cd kmh dien Phat giao Nguyen thuy dUdc lUu gid vdi mgt t i m mUc rgng va qua nhUng phUdng ngU dUdc khac tren cac tru da thdi vua Asdka Tien trinh ddn gian hda hinh thai hgc da tach biet ro ngdn ngU Sanskrit cd dien vdi tieng Phan thdi Veda (Vedic Sanskrit), dd gom viec giam trii mdt so' nguyen am va ddn gian hda cac nhdm phu am Chang ban nhU: chu Traividya tieng Sanskrit trci chU Tevijja tieng Pali
- Giai doan giiia, tien trinh dUdc tiep tuc tieng Prakrit dich thiic Bao gdm tieiig ndi cua cac vung M a h a r a s t n Saurasem va Magadhi, ciing cac phUdng ngU kmh dien Ki Na giao
- Giai doan cud'i dUdc dai dien bdi Apabhramsa tii dac trUng cho khuynh hudng phat trien binh dan sau cua giai doan trung dai ngdn ngU Indo-Aryan cho den cuoi thien nien ki thd nha't sau Cong nguyen Bao hieu tru'dc cho sU bien mat sau cung cua nhUng bien to' ngdn ngU An-Au cd va sii khdi phat cua ngon ngU Indo-Aryan each tan la tieng Bengali, Hindi, Panjabi, Gujarati Marathi Ticng Hindi nghia rdng cua nd la chi mot nhdm cac phUdng ngU
dUde sU dung tU vung Rajasthan den Bihar bdi mgt phUdng ngd dac thti can cii tren c i hai ngdn ngU chinh cua Pakistan, Urdu va ngdn ngU chinh thiic cua An Do Thuat ngU Hindustani ddi dUdc dung Id chi cho nen tang chung ciia hai ngdn ngu nay, t r a n h hieu ciic doan cho rang tieng Ba Tu thudc ve Urdu va tieng Sanskrit thudc ve Hindi
Tieng Sanskrit thdi Panini da cd mgt da'u an dac sac khong chi ddn t h u i n la phUdng ngU cua gidi tri thdc ma cdn la tieng ndi r a t g i n gui cua gidi binh dan dd'i vdi ngon ngU kinh dien linh thieng cua chinh hg DUdng nhien, uy tin cua tieng Sanskrit bi phan dng bdi nhUng ngUdi keu ddi uy the cua kinh Veda Vi li ma nhUng kinh dien sdm nhat cua Phat giao va Ki Na giao dUde ghi bang nhUng ngdn ngU khac thudc giai doan trung dai ngdn ngU Indo-Aryan
TUdng truyen DUc Phat da giang phap cho mgi ngUdi bang ngdn ngU ma xii hg dang sii dung Do vay, tieng Sanskrit van dUdc tiep tuc phat t n e n khdng chi bdi giai cap Baiamdn Bang chUng hien nhien la hai thien sii thi vi dai Mahabharata va Ramayana dUdc truyen tung bdi gidi binh dan Mac du ngudn goc cua hai tac pham khdng cd gi phai nghi ngd la cd xUa
n h a ' t • , ,
(4)Nguyen Manh Cuong ChilPhgn cdc chua Hd Ngi 29 n a y la mdt thU p h a t r d n n h i e u phUdng
ngU t r o n g cac v u n g sii d u n g ngdn ngU I n d o - A r y a n viia tien diing t r o n g s m h hoiit liii vUa b i e u d a t dUde t i n h t h i n tdn giao I m h t h i e n g Chd Sanskrit trd thdnh ngon ngd nhdt di/dc chap nhgn tren cd hai mat chinh quyen ud qudn chung tri thdc
2 Q u a t r i n h p h a t t r i e n v a p h a n c h i a l o a i h i n h chiJ P h a n
T h e o cac n h a n g h i e n ciiu T r u n g Qud'c thi c h u P h a n s a u c h u y e n T a y du cua D u d n g H u y e n T r a n g da dUdc du n h a p va p h a t t r i e n d T r u n g Hoa S a u n h i e u n a m n g h i e n cdu, hg n h a n r a r a n g , chU P h a n cd n h i e u d a n g ehU k h a c n h a u dUdc du n h a p vao cac nUde t h e o P h a t giao d nhUng thdi diem lich sii k h a c n h a u Theo cac tac gia T r u n g Qudc cho b i e t chU P h a n dUdc xem xet dUa t r e n yeu to', gdm: Phiin ngU -P h a n van - -Phiin tii
* Ve Phan ngd can dUdc xem xet tren mgt n g h i a r g n g vi day la nhUng tii dUdc ndi tdi t r o n g k i n h Veda (Veda - S a n s k r i t ) va dUdc bao lUu cho tdi thdi can dtii thdng q u a cac cau t u c ngU ( P r a k r i t )
* Ve Phan udn t r o n g mdt p h a m vi nao dd hep h(ln Phiin ngU, C h u n g chinh la nhUng cau ndi dUdc ghi chep lai theo mdt quy t i c n h a t d i n h va c a n g cang p h a t trien
* Vc Phan tii la mgt bg phiin tdi thieu so vdi P h a n ngii va P h a n van Cac chd n a y du'(Jc cii'u t h a n h cac dinh che tii ngdn ngii va ttio t h a n h nhUng cudn sach ghi c h e p lai cac sU kien lich sii cua ngu'di c u n g nhU cac dien tich cua cac
• ' (.'11 ' , •
ton giad' '
Khi n g h i e n cUu tii d a n g cua chU P h a n d T r u n g Qudc cd loai h i n h chU P h a n n h u sau;
- Loai hinh chd Tdt Ddn (Logi chd Sanskrit co nhdt)
- Logi hinh chd Thien Thdnh the (Logi chii Deua Nagari)
- Logi hinh chd Tdy Tang (Logi chd Phan - Tang)
- Logi hinh chd Lan Le the (Logi chii Lantisa)
T r o n g bdn loai h i n h chU t r e n thi chU Ta't D a n dUdc cac hgc gia T r u n g Qud'c ghi la Ta't D a n a m m a u , cdn cac loai h i n h chU k h a c deu ghi la t h e tUc la mot d a n g bien h a y each t a n tU chU m a u
C h u T a t D a n cd m a t vao k h o a n g thien nien ki thii nha't trUdc Cdng nguyen sau dd dUdc h o a n thien vao nhUng the ki I, II trUde Cdng nguyen, P h a t giao da sU dtang he thd'ng chU n a y de ghi chep nhUng bg k i n h dien T a m T a n g Sau dd DUdng H u y e n T r a n g di T a y T r u e t h i n h ve va cho dich s a n g t i e n g T r u n g Hoa NhUng bd k i n h DUdng H u y e n T r a n g dich va dUdc t r u y e n ba hien d a n g dUdc sii d u n g cac chiia d T r u n g Quti'c va nhieu nUdc k h a c t r o n g tid cd d cac c h u a Viet N a m
Sau dd nhieu the ki, cung nhu cau each t a n chU P h a n ngUdi ta bat dau cii tien va dUa sii dimg mdt dang chU P h a n nUa ggi la Thien T h a n h the, cdn ggi la Deva Nagari d k h o a n g the ki II-VI, hien cdn tdn tai da dUdc bien cai nhieu
Cd mdt d a n g dia phUdng cua chU P h a n ma cae n h a n g h i e n cUu T r u n g Qudc ggi la T a y T i i n g v a n T u y la chU T a y T i i n g
3 Xin xem them: Gidn dich lioc Plum iif (Ticiig
(5)30 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd - 2009
nhUng van du'dc xep vao dang chu Phan Dang chu cd mat d Tay Tang tii lau va hien van dang dUdc cac nha sU sii dung
Cudi cung la dang chU Phan Lan Le the cdn ggi la Lantisa Day la dang chU Phan viet hoa kha dep theo cac nha nghien cdu, cd mat tai An Do vao khoang the ki VI-VII sau Cdng nguyen va du'dc truyen vao Trung Qud'c d cac the ki
XI-xn
3 N h a n d i e n chiif P h a n cac chiia Ha Ndi
Nhu phan tren da trinh bay, tai Trung Hoa cac nha nghien ciiu da nhan dien va phan dinh dUdc chU Phan dUng kinh sach, minh van va kien true chua cd dang chU khac Vay, cac chua Viet Nam va Ha Ndi hien nay, cd bad nhieu dang cbU Phan?
Chu Phiin cac chua d Viet Nam va cac chua d Ha Ndi, dang dUdc bid luu d mdt sd bd phan nhU sau;
Kien true chua ud thap:
Loai hinh cd the chia hai loai:
- Tren thap md thUdng dUdc viet chU la An - A - Hong
- Tren cac kien true chua ngUdi ta thUdng Viet chU Phan ggi la Luc tU dai minh: - dm ma ni bat mmh hdng
- um ma ni bat di hdng
Day la mdt cau t h i n chu kha quen thudc vdi ngUdi Viet
Tren cdc hua chu kinh dan'
Loai ngUdi ta thUdng viet chU ggi la CUu tii : An, Chii't, Li, Chu li, Chudn, De, Ta, Bd, Ha
Till Ha Ndi chung tdi phat hien dUde qua chuong ddng cd ghi bai minii bang chu Phian
* Thii nhdt: Qua chuong chU Phan chUa Quang Minh (tai khu vUe Van Mieu quan Dong Da) ChU Phan diic ndi d mat ehudng gdm 75 chU
* Thii hai: Qua ehudng chua Md Tao (phudng Mai Ddng Quan Hoang Mai) chu Phan due ndi tren mat chuong cd khoang hdn 100 chU'-" , f
Khi nghien cUu chU Phan cac chua, cd mdt sd cau hdi nghien cUu dUdc dat ra;
- ChU Phan ma cac chua dang dung thudc dang chU nao he thdng dang chu ma cac nha nghien cdu chU Phan Trung Qud'c da dinh dang?
- Chu Phan cd phai chi la s i n pham rieng cua tdng phai Mat tdng cd mat tai Ha Ndi va Viet Nam?
De tra ldi dUde cau hdi chung ta trd lai y kien cua cac nha nghien ciiu tien bdi Theo GS Ha Van Tan thi nhUng chU Phan cac chua Viet Nam hien thay khdng gidng vdi cac chU Deva Ganari cd phat hien dUdc d An Do GS Nguyen Tai c a n va mdt hgc gii khac cung ddng quan diem de cap den van de nay''"
Tiep budc cac nha nghien ciiu di trUdc chung toi sau nhieu nam sUu tap, tim kie'm da nhan tha'y rang he thdng chii Phan khac tren ehudng mdt sd chua d Ha Ndi va d Viet Nam la dang chU Phan Ta't
4 NguySn Manh Cuong Qua ehudng chu Phan cliua
Mo Tdo Tap chi Nghien ciru Ton giao so nam
2007
5 Hit Van Tail Thif doc nidi kieu chif Plign irong
cdc chiia mien Bdc Viet Nam Nhung phat hien mcii
(6)Nguyen Manh Cuong ChilPhan cdc chiia Hd Nf}i 31
D a n d a n g d i n c h u y e n s a n g d a n g chU Deva G a n a r i cho n e n n e u chi d u n g each Viet va dgc cua chU Ta't D a n thi khd cd t h e h i e u ndi va n e u chi t h u i n d a n g chU Deva G a n a r i thi c u n g k h o n g co t h e dgc du<3c cac v a n b a n h i e n cd
Ben c a n h dd, d a n g chU dUdc D u d n g H u y e n T r a n g dieh va p h d bien tai T r u n g Qud'c S a u dd, nhUng chU n a y dUdc c h u y e n s a n g Viet N a m , t h d n g qua each dgc a m H a n - V i e t n e n da l a m cho viec tie'p can chu Phiin c a n g trd nen khd hdn
Hdn nUa, chU Phiin t r o n g t r u y e n thd'ng M a t t d n g la m a t t r u y e n n e n t h a y t r u y e n c h u n a o thi de tU biet chfl ay ChUa ke ngUdi trUdc t r u y e n cho ngUdi sau, mdi ngUdi l a m m a t di mdt net, s a u lai them vao dd mdt so' n e t k h a c I am cho chU ghi lai c a n g n g a y c a n g rdi xa v6i chU b a n d i u Cd n h i e u chU t r o n g cac bg sach, nha't la bd M a t tdng, chU P h a n dUdc ghi lai ve m a t h i n h t h e viet kha gid'ng n h a u ma each dgc lai r a t k h a c n h a u C h u n g tdi xm lay vi du, chU Hong t r o n g Luc tti dgi minh dUdc dich gia Thich Vien DUc gidi t h i e u t r o n g bg M a t tdng mdi luc viet mdi k h a c H a y chU Pha n a m canh chU vdm c u n g k h a gio'ng n h a u , cd k h a c c h a n g chi la da'u c h a m t r e n d i u D u n g r a p h a i dgc la chU Va va t h e m chU "m" cd da'u cba'm dUdi mdi trd t h a n h chU Viitn Song, c h u n g t a q u e n vdi each dgc n h u vay rdi Dd la chU Pha cd nhU vay ma doc H a y chU Ra va chU Lam hai chU khii gidng n h a u ve tU d a n g , nhUng chi thf'm cd dii'u c h a m d t r e n d i u ma am dgc k h a c n h a u h o a n t o a n N e u ehU cd dau cba'm t r e n d i u dgc la Lam thi chU khdng Cd da'u se d()C la L a , nhUng cac cu xUa dgc la Ra, mgi ngUdi sau cii theo the doc la
Ra cdn n e u dgc la La thi hg c h u a c h i c da hieu Cdn co k h a n h i e u chU khac ve miit tti d a n g t u y e t dd'i gio'ng n h a u nhUng each dgc lai k h a c xa n h a u T i n h m a t t r u y e n la n h u vay, cii dgc theo mdt each may mdc
ChU P h a n d a n g cd t r o n g cac chua la d a n g chu t r u n g gian giiia chU P h a n cd dien vdi P h a n each t a n kieu Deva G a n a n va dgc theo p h i e n a m Han-Viet D a n g chU cd t h e ggi la d a n g chU P h a n cua DUdng H u y e n T r a n g t r u y e n tU An Do T r u n g Hoa vao Viet N a m va khdng he gid'ng vdi d a n g t h d c vd'n cd trUdc dd cua chu P h a n
4 Chii P h a n T a n g v a n h a n h Tara Tdn
T r o n g mgt sd' c h u a d Ha Ndi, cung da t h a y d a n g chU P h a n T a n g hay cdn ggi la Tay T a n g v a n D a n g chU c h u n g tdi mdi tha'y tai H i i n g P h i i c Tii, huyen T h a n h Tri (Ha Ndi)
H u n g P h u c Tu (thugc thdn Tti Khoiit nen cdn ggi la c h u a Tii Khoat) la mdt ngdi c h u a dUde xay diing tU k h a sdm Ngoai viec thd P h a t C h u a hien cdn mgt gian dien thd cac cdng chUa, h o a n g tU, vua va h o a n g b a n n h a Ly
T r o n g ChUa c u n g nhU q u a n h ChUa, tha'y xua't h i e n k h a n h i e u chU P h a n vdi n h i e u d a n g chU k h a c n h a u Ben canh nhUng c h u nhU U m - A - Hdng cdn cd chU c h u n g tti cua A di d a T r e n mgt cdt b a n g da mdi lam g i n day cd ddng chU Tay T a n g c u n g m a n g y nghia cua cau chu trong Liic tU diii m m h nhU; utn ma ni pel nap minh hong cua n h a n h Ltic Tara
(7)32 Nghien cuu Ton giao Sc") - 2009
T a r a ten T a y T a n g la SGROL-MA (dich la Ctiu Do M i u ) Ndi cho dii la Diat Ma T a r a ( P h a p cdu Ton) Ngoai r a cdn xUng la Dill Lgi Bd tat Da Le Bd tat, T h a n h T a r a Bd tat, T a r a Tdn, Da Ldi tdn ; toan xUng la T h a n h ciiu P h a t M a u
T r u y e n thd'ng M a t giao cho r a n g , Tdn la t h a n hda h i e n cua Q u a n T u Tai Bd t a t cho n e n cdn ggi la T a r a tdn Q u a n Tii Tai Bd t a t h a y T a r a Q u a n Tii Tai,
Theo h i n h dd T h a i t a n g gidi M a n da la tlu T a r a Tdn cd vi tri d h a n g thii nha't, phUdng b e n p h a i (phUdng Tay) cua Q u a n T u T a i t r o n g Q u a n Am Vien Do Tdn chu t h e ve h a i diic Dai Bi va H a n g P h u c n e n dugc xem la P h a t M a u cua Lien Hoa bd va dugc tdn xUng la T a r a P h a t M a u
Day la mdt p h a p tu r a t q u a n t r g n g va m a n g n a n g a n h hUdng cua P h a t giao Tay T a n g T r o n g q u a t r i n h tu p h a p Luc d() T a r a n a y ngUdi tu c u n g c i n p h a i biet chU Tay T a n g va p h a i q u a n tUdng tdi nhUng chu nhU;
- Om tare tut are tare sua
Nhu'ng chu n a y dugc bai t r i theo mdt vdng trdn ggi la Xa l u a n C h i n h t a m cua Xa l u a n la chU "Tam" c h u n g tii cua Luc d(i T a r a , x u n g q u a n h la cac chU: Om tare tutare ture sva Cac chU chay t h e o vdng trdn n a y cd each an Cach an t h u a n thi chU Om bat d i u d p h i a t r e n neu a n n g h i c h t h i chii O m b a t d i u tU phia dudi
Day la mdt tu tri dien h i n h cua P h a t giao Tiiy T a n g , song mdi tha'y gi6i t h i e u tai lieu C(in cac chUa d Ha Ndi cd tu tii]) t h e o Luc d() T a r a khdng'^ Hien c h u n g tdi chu'a cd tai lieu k h a n g dinh
C h u P h a n di h e n vdi cac cau chu thu'dng la dai ditMi cho trU(ing p h a i M a t
tdng c u a P h a t giao Song lieu cac c h u a cdn l u u giu cac chU P h a n t r e n cac kien t r u e , t r e n t h a p mg t r e n cac v a t d u n g n h u e h u d n g ddng bia da thi cd p h a i la chua t h e o t h e o M a t t d n g h a y k h d n g ?
Diing ve m a t li t h u y e t thi cae c h u a theo t r u y e n thd'ng M a t t d n g t h u d n g cd mdt M a t t h a t M a t tha't dugc xay dUng t h e o mdt q u y d i n h r a t c h a t che Ben t r o n g cac M a t t h a t n a y c h u n g ta thUdng t h a y b a y cac M a n t r a la ngu sac Ben t r e n b a n thd thUdng b a y t u g n g C h u a n De B e n t r e n thUdng bay Ciiu t h a n h tti -Cd n g h i a la c h i n chU nhU;
- An Chie't, Le, C h u le, C h u i n , De Ta P h a H a
Thiic cae c h u a Viet N a m theo t r u y e n thd'ng M a t tdng cdn lai r a t it Mgt s d ' c h u a t h e o phUdng p h a p t u tri M a t tong mdi dUde p h u c hdi trd lai t r o n g thdi gian g i n day
Cd t h e ndi r a n g , nhUng c h u a theo t r u y e n thd'ng M a t tdng thUdng sii dtang n h u n g c h a n ngdn b u a c h u b a n g chu P h a n , nhUng k h o n g p h a i c h u a nao d Ha Ndi k h i cd viet chU P h a n t r o n g kien true chUa deu la n h U n g c h u a t h e o M a t tdng
(8)Nguyen Manh Cuong Chi'tPhgn cdc chua Hd Ndi 33 n h u mdt h i n h ihUc t r a n g tri ma k h d n g
dai dien cho ddng p h a i
5 Vdi lai thay doan kit
1 CbU Phiin hien d a n g d u n g cac c h u a Viet N a m la nhUng loai b i n h chU n a m t r o n g loiii h i n h chU P h a n dUdc cac hgc gia T r u n g Hoa d a y cdng n g h i e n ciiu Tuy n h i e n , la h i n h thUc m a t t r u y e n va lai c h u P h a n c u n g la loiii h i n h ehU khd hgc k h d dgc n e n nhUng chU P h a n cdn luu lai t r o n g cac bd s a c h ghi chep ve M a t tdng tai H a Ngi va Viet N a m la d a n g thUe chU P h a n cua DUdng H u y e n T r a n g m a n g tU Tay T r u e ve T r u n g Hoa S a u nhUng tai h e u n a y dUde ngUdi T r u n g Hoa dich chuy€n s a n g chU H a n , rdi lai t r u y e n s a n g Viet N a m n e n cac chU " t a m t h a t ban" d i n da xa vdi chU gd'c b a n d i u Viec tim hieu ngudn gd'c chU Ta't D a n cung nhU nhflng d a n g chU Phiin k h a c la can thiet n b u n g chi bd h(!p t r o n g p h a m vi nghien cUu c h d k h d n g t h e a p d u n g cho thiic te vi t d xa xUa cac n h a sU t r u y e n t u n g n h a u each dgc chU la n h u vay rdi Mud'n t h a y ddi c u n g t h a t khd vi neu dgc d u n g lai am Phiin b a n d i u mgi ngUiii khd cd the chii'p n h a n ' •
2 Q u a k h a o s a t , ciic van b a n chU Phiin d cac c h u a Vi(}t N a m thu'dng it dgc theo n g u y e n am chU Phiin ma hu dgc chU P h a n q u a d a n g H a n hda, dgc qua phien am Hiin-Viet nen cd t h e mgt chfl P h a n ma cd n h i e u each dgc de gay nen sti hieu I i m De cho viec tim hicu n g h i e n cUu chU i'lian dime thuiin ldi, c h u n g tdi x m neu sd'hien tUdng nhU:
* D u n g nhflng chfl H a n k h a c n h a u de i)hi(''Mi am c u n g mc)t chfl Phiin
Vi du; de p h i e n am ni d u n g chu H a n ni hoac li
* D u n g nhUng chu H a n hUu t h a n h de phien am nhUng chU Phian cd tinh chii't b a t hdi
Vi dia; - D u n g Dd de phien am chu' Dha
- D u n g Be de phien am Bhe * ThUdng d u n g h a i chU H a n hdp lai vdi n h a u de ghi to hdp am chU P h a n
Vi du; - H a i chU (Sa bd) n h a m de ghi am chu Sua
- Nap minh de ghi am chfl Dme * Khi mdt chfl H a n phien am chUa p h a n a n h b e t gia tri ngU am cua chfl P h a n can phien a m thi dUng t h e m ki hieu phu
Vi dta ; - Le de phifm am Re - La de phien am Ra
Hy vgng r a n g nhUng kien giai tr(~Mi se giup ich cho cac n h a nghien cUii q u a n t a m den each dgc chU P h a n qua ain Han Viet"^
3 Viec nghit'n cUu cac diing h i n h chU Phiin t r o n g cac chUa d Viet Nam chi m a n g y n g h i a t h a m k h a o hieu t h e m chfl k h o n g t h e lay cac chfl n h a m p h a n dinh tdng p h a i P h a t giao, cho dU cung biet r a n g M a t tdng t r o n g P b a t giao chu yeu d u n g b u a chu va chU Phiin Van de M a t t d n g dUde t r u y e n t h d a va thiic h a n h d Viet N a m nhU t h e nao hien van chUa cd ldi giai dap./
6 Xin xem them : Nguyen Thi Ngan Ilai van ban
chi'f Plign gdp phdn doc nhffng vdn l)an chif Phan d Viet Nam Tap chi Han Nom - 100 biii tuyeii chon