Bài viết trình bày Quốc tế cộng sản với quá trình vận động thành lập Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam và thành công của Hội nghị hợp nhất các tổ chức cộng sản, thành lập Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam gắn liền với công lao to lớn của Nguyễn Ái Quốc, đồng thời là kết quả của sự quan tâm, chỉ đạo chặt chẽ của Quốc tế Cộng sản đối với cách mạng nước ta.
OUOC TE CONG SAN V6l QUA TRINH VAN DONG T H A N H LAP D A N G CONG SAN VIET NAM DINH XUAN L t * Y ao nhQng nSm d i u thd'^ ky XX, tren chfnh trudng quoc ti phong triio each m^ng th§ gidi phat trien manh me, vdi dinh cao 1^ thSng l^i cua cupc Cach mang thang Mudi Nga (1917) Trong boi canh lich sii dd, thang 3-1919, dudi sy lanh dao cua Lenin, cac Dang Cpng san v^ nhdm cpng san cua 30 nUdc da tiS'n h^nh D^i hpi (t^i Matxcdva - Lien X6) th&nh Iftp Quoc te Cpng san - Quoc t^ HI (1) D^i hpi xac dinh nhipm vy chig'n lupe cua Qud'e ti III Ih to chiic nhiing Ivtc lupng cua giai ctfp vd san nh^m tien cong each mang vko cac chfnh phu tu ban chu nghia, nh4m tien hanh npi chien chdng giai ctfp tU san de gi^nh chfnh quy&, di xay d\Ing chu nghia xa hpi (2) da'u tranh chd'ng lai giai cap tu san Chu trUPng eua Qudc te Cpng san la t i p hdp khdng chl giai ca'p cdng nhan ma cdn tSp hpp da sd nhQng ngudi bi bde lot va bi ap bQc Dai hpi lln thQ IV eua Qudc te Cpng san (hpp tQ 5-11 den 5-12-1922), tren cd sd vach rd nguy ed chii nghia phat xft da de nhQng nguyen tdc cd ban cho cupc da^u tranh chdng phat-xit Dai hpi thdng qua "De cUcfng ehung ve vdn di phUcfng Ddng" de ehu trifdng xay dung Mat trdn thdng nhdt chd'ng chu nghia di' qudc b cac nude phUdng Ddng thupc dia (d phUdng Tay la Mat trdn cdng nhdn thd'ng nhdt chd'ng giai cdp tU sdn) Xac dinh cupc da'u tranh cua nhan dan eae nude phUdng Ddng chd'ng chu nghia de qud'e la lau dai, quyet liet nen phai tdp hpp, phat huy ta't ca cac t i n g Idp each mang T^i D^i hpi liin thU II ciia Qudc te Cpng san (hpp tiJt ngky 19-7 den ng^y 7-8-1920), Lenin da trinh b^y ban bao cao "Scf thdo ldn thd nhdt nhiing ludn cUcfng vi vdn di ddn tdc vd thudc dia" Bao cao cua Lenin da D^i hdi lln thQ V cua Qudc te Cpng san d^t CO sd cho vipc xay d i ^ g lign minh, dolln (hpp tQ 17-6 den 8-7-1924) tiep ke't giQa phong trko dfi'u tranh ciia giai cft'p t\ic quan triet chu trUdng xay dUng mat cong nhfin cac nUdc tU ban vdi phong trao tran, tap hpp ddng dao quin ehung nhan da'u tranh cua nhan dan lao dpng cac nUdc dan lao dpng dudi sU lanh dao cua cae dang thupc dja vk niia thupc dja cpng san D^i hpi l l n thii III cua Quoc te Cpng san (hpp tCf ngky 22-6 den ngky 12-7-1921), l l n diu tien di nhipm vy xay dyng mpt Mat tr^n thd'ng nhdt cda giai cdp cdng nhdn PGS.TS D^i hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi Dai hpi lln thQ VI cua Qudc te Cpng san (hpp tQ 17-7 den 1-9-1928) (3) da thdng qua Cuong linh cua Qudc ti'Cdng sdn CQdng linh tong ket kinh nghipm lanh Rghien cuu Lich siir sg 8.2009 dao cua Qud'e te Cong san, cua phong trao cdng nhan qud'e te, dong thdi chi phUdng hudng phat trien cua phong trao cdng nhan quo'c te Va dac biet, Dai hpi da thdng qua ban "De cUcfng vi phong trdo cdch mgng d cdc nUdc thugc dia vd niia thugc dia", vach rd tien trinh each mang dan chu tU san kieu mdi, xac lap cac dieu kien cho each mang xa hpi chu nghia Su ddi va qua trinh hoat dpng cua Quo'c te Cpng san qua cac ky dai hpi tQ Dai hpi I den Dai hpi VI, ed y nghia quan trpng dd'i vdi phong trao each mang the gidi TrUdc hi't, da thuc day viec lap eae Dang cpng san b nhieu nUde: Thang 51919, Dang Cong san Bun-ga-ri ddi; tQ thang den thang 11-1920, Dang Cpng san dupe lap b ckc nUdc Nam Tu, My, Me-hi-cd, Dan Mach, Tay Ban Nha, In-ddne-xi-a, I-ran, Anh, Thd' Nhi Ky, U-ruguay, 0-xtrali-a, Dang qudc te xa hpi chii nghia Ac-hen-ti-na, Dang cdng nhan xa hpi chii nghia Hy Lap, Dang xa hpi chu nghia Ru-ma-ni, Dang xa hpi dan ehu canh ta Thutj Dien, Dang cdng nhan Na Uy, Dang xa hoi chii nghia I-ta-li-a, Dang xa hpi ehu nghia Anh ; Thd hai Id, md mpt giai doan phat trien mdi eiia phong trao cpng san va cdng nhan qudc te Bao Bda liim, ed quan ngdn luan eua Ddng DUdng Cpng san Dang, so'4, 15-11-1929, viet: "Qudc te Cpng san lap de tap trung lUc lUdng thd thuyen va cac ngudi bi ap bQc, de ehi dan eho quan ehung bi hoc lot de ndn dd dOng len danh do' tU ban chu nghia va tui Xa hpi Dan chu, de chi dan cho vd san giai ca'p tranh da'u dUdc thang ldi" (4) Ddng gdp nd'i bat cua Qudc te Cpng san ddi vdi phong trao each mang phUdng Ddng la viec to' chQc chii trUdng lap TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Ddng (ten gpi tat cua TrUdng Dai hpc cdng san cua nhQng ngudi lao dpng phUdng Ddng) de dao tao can bp each mang cho cac nUde thupe dia va phu thupc Trong g i n 20 nSm ton tai, Trudng da dao tao cho cac nUdc phUdng Ddng hang ngan can bp, dd cd nhQng ngUdi ve sau trd can bp lanh dao ed uy tin cua cac dang cpng san b cac nUdc Nguyen Ai Quo'c danh gia: "Viec lap TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Ddng, tap hdp nhQng ngUdi lanh dao tfch cUc, thdng minh cua eae thupc dia, da lam dUde mpt cdng cupc to Idn" (5) Va 'TrUdng dai hpe phUdng Ddng dm a'p dUdi mai trUdng minh tat ca tUdng lai ciia cac dan tpc thupc dia" (6) Ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam, sU kien d i u tien phan anh vai trd cua Qud'e te Cpng san la viec vao nSm 1920, Nguyen Ai Qudc (sau 10 nam bdn ba tim dUdng cQu nude) dpc bao cao "So thdo ldn thit nhdt nhdng ludn cUcfng vi vdn di ddn tgc vd thudc dia" (7) dSng tren bao Nhdn dgo, sd 16 va 17 thang nSra 1920 (Bao eao la npi dung chii yeu cua Nghi quyet Dai hpi l l n thQ II Qudc te Cpng san) Nguyen Ai Qud'e tim tha'y Luan cUdng cua Lenin ldi giai dap ve dudng giai phdng cho nhan dan Viet Nam; ve va'n de thupc dia mdi quan hp vdi phong trao each mang the gidi Cung vdi vipc nghien cQu eae van kien khae cua Qudc te Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qud'e da den vdi chu nghia Lenin, den vdi Qudc te Cpng san Tai Dai hpi Dang Xa hpi Phap (thang 12-1920), Nguyin Ai Qud'e bd phieu tan vipc gia nhap Qud'e te Cpng san (8) va tham gia lap Dang Cong san Phap Su kipn danh dau budc ngoat cupc ddi boat dpng each mang eua Nguyen Ai Qudc - tQ ngUdi yeu nude trd ngUdi cpng san qud'e te va tim tha'y dUdng cQu nUdc dung din: "Mud'n ciiu nUdc vd gidi phdng Qu6c te c6ng sAn vdi qu6 h-inh van ddng ddn tdc khdng cd dUdng ndo khde dudng cdch mgng vd sdn" Thang nfim 1923, Nguyen Ai Qudc den Lien Xd lam viec tai Ban PhUdng Ddng ciia Qudc te Cpng san Tai day, cung vdi viec thUe hien nhiem vu ddi vdi phong trao cpng san qudc te, Nguyen Ai Qudc xuc tien nghien cQu chu nghia Mac-Lenin, xay dUng ly luan each mang giai phdng dan tpc Viet Nam (9) Thang 11-1924, Nguyen Ai Qudc den Quang Chau (Trung Qudc) lam viec vdi tu each la phien dich eiia phai doan M.Bdrd-din (dai dien Qud'e te Cpng san) Vdi sU giup dd cua phai doan M.Bd-rd-din, Nguyen Qud'e tSp hdp nhQng ngUdi yeu nUdc, lap Hgi Viet Nam Cdch mgng Thanh nien - td chQc tien than ciia Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Nhu vay, vdi tU each la vien cua Qudc te Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qudc cd dieu kien thuan ldi de boat dpng each mang va tren nen tang tU tudng chfnh tri cua Qud'e te Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qud'e da vach dUdhg ldi each mang Viet Nam (Dudng each mpnh), chuan bi ve tU tudng chinh tri va to' chQc cho viec tien tdi lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam Phong trao da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc b Ddng DUdng va dfic biet la xQ An Nam da dupe Qud'e te Cdng san quan tam tQ ra't sdm Tai Dai hpi lln d i u tien cua Quo'c te Cpng san da thdng qua Tuyen ngdn cua Qudc te Cong sdn giii nhQng ngUdi vo san toan the gidi, dd cd de cap den phong trao da'u tranh d Viet Nam Va, tQ cudi nfim 1920, Qudc te Cpng san da cii can bp cua minh den Viet Nam de nghien cQu tinh hinh ehudn bi cho viec to' chQc truyen ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin (10) Sau nhQng ngUdi den day bi true xua't, Qud'e te Cpng san da chi thi cho eae dang cpng san chuyen cae tai lieu Macxit den Viet >>Jam (11) Cd y kien cho r i n g "cac van kien cua Qudc te Cdng san gQi nhan dan ta da dUdc phd' bien d Viet Nam vao thang 7/1924" (12) Mot nhQng dong gdp quan eiia Qudc te Cong san la dao tao can bo cho each mang Viet Nam Sau ve hoat dong d Quang Chau (Trung Quo'c), Nguyen Ai Qudc cung vdi Bd-rd-din lUa ebon nhieu can bp Viet Nam va mpt so' nUdc d chau A sang hpc tai TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Dong NhQng ngUdi Viet Nam dUde dao tao d day p h i n ldn da trd cac nha lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Lien quan den van de lap Dang Cpng san b Dong DUdng, ed y kien cho ring, tai Dai hoi VI Quo'c te Cpng san, ddng chl Nguyin Van Tao (bi danh Nguyen An) cung hai ngudi Viet Nam khae deu la dang vien dofin dai bieu Dang Cong san Phap tham dU Dai hpi Quo'c te Cpng san, nhan danh ngUdi Ddng DUdng thupc dia ciia Phap da trinh bay trUdc Dai hpi "khfing dinh d Ddng Dudng cd giai elp vd san va de nghi Qudc te Cpng san cin het sdc chu y den va'n de lap mpt dang cdng san d Ddng Dudng" (13) Day dupe coi la lln diu tien van de lap Dang Cpng san b Dong Dudng dUdc dfit b dien dan Qud'e te' Cdng san Trong Van kien Ddng, Todn tap, tfip 1, Nhfi xuat ban Chfnh tri Qudc gia, nfim 2002, cd tai lieu the hien sU quan tam ciia Qud'e te Cpng san doi vdi phong trao cpng san d Ddng DUdng Trong cd tai lieu de chu trUdng chi dao eu the viec lap Dang Cpng san d Ddng DUdng Tai heu thQ n h i t vdi tieu de: Nhdng nhdn xet lien quan di'n Nghi quyi't ve viec thdnh lap Ddng Cong sdn d Ddng DUcfng (Theo chu giai eua Ban bien tap Van kipn 6 thi day la ban gop y, nhan xet cua Bernard Ban Bf thu PhUdng Ddng cua Quoc te Cpng san, de 9-10-1929) Npi dung ciia tai lieu la nhQng nhan xdt, gdp y rat cu the, the hien sU quan tam sau sac ciia Quoic te Cpng san ddi vdi each mang Ddng DUdng Tai lieu thQ hai la Bdn dUa thdo luan tgi phien hgp cua Hgi ddng Ban Bi thU PhUcfng Ddng, 18-10-1929 (theo chu giai cua Ban bien tap Van kien Dang thi day la Bdn dii thdo Nghi quyi't vi viic thdnh lap Ddng Cong sdn Ddng DUcfng vd vi nhiim vu sdp tdi cua nhiing ngUdi cdng sdn Ddng DUcfng) Trong ban du thao nay, Quoc te Cpng san de cfip den nhQng dieu kien chin muoi cho viec lap Dang Cpng san b Ddng Dudng, nhU: "1) NhQng mau t h u i n giQa Ddng Dudng la xQ thupc dia vdi chii nghia de qud'e Phap, nhQng mau thuan giQa mdt ben la cdng nhan, ndng dan va dan nghdo thi, vdi ben la khdi lien minh ciia bpn de qudc Phap, bpn dia chu phong kien ban xQ va bpn quan lai ehu dien, eang trd nen gay gfit va b Ddng DUdng ed nhQng dieu kien khach quan cho cupc each mang dan ehii tU san (each mang phan de va each mang rupng dit); 2) Phong trao each mang d Ddng Dudng trd nen sdi ndi dieu kien phong trao each mang qud'e te phat trien eang manh me va dieu cd y nghia dae bipt dieu kien phong trao each mang cl cae nude thupc dia lang gi§ng (An Dp, Trung Qud'e) phat trien cfing manh me; t i t ca nhQng dieu dd tao dieu kipn va kha nfing- nang cao vfi phat trien manh hdn nQa phong trao each mang, kha nfing xay va chfic chfin xay nhQng bien co each mang Idn b Ddng Dudng (14) Rghito curu Lich sJr sg 8.2009 Ban du thao Nghi quyet, mpt mSt, danh gia cao viec Dai hpi Hpi Vipt Nam Cach mang Thanh nien thQa n h i n CUdng linh ciia Qudc te Cpng san, coi day la budc tien dang ke vi§c doan ket ve tU tudng chfnh trj cac p h i n tii cpng san va chuin bj to chQc Dang Cpng san Dong Dudng; nhUng mfit khae, cung chi nhQng han ch^, khuyet diem ciia Dai hpi Thanh nien, d^c bipt la, mpt lo^t va'n de cd ban D?ii hpi da di chpch khoi lap trudng cpng san ve ban cha't ciia cac giai d p va ciia Dang Dy thao Nghj quyet chi ro cac nhi$m vy trung tam cho nhiing ngudi cpng san Dong Dudng thdi k;^ mdi, dd nhtfn m^nh: "Mpt nhiing nhipm vy quan trpng nha't ciia Dang la phat trien phong trao rupng da't ciia nong dan chdng dja chii va ket hdp phong trao rupng da't vdi phong trao phan de C i n lam d l eang cd ddng dao q u i n chQng biet ddn Dang, bidt myc dfch va nhipm vy ciia Dang, bidt $ kidn ciia Dang ve ta't ca nhQng va'n dd lam cho q u i n chiing quan tam, vi thd cin diy manh vipc tuyen truydn ba't hpp phap bing sach bao (truydn ddn, nhQng ldi keu gpi, cac tap sach mdng, ndu c6 kha nang thi ca bao nQa) cong nhan, nong dan, phy nQ, nien cong nong, sinh vien" (15) Dy thao dong thdi neu cac dieu ki$n c6 tinh nguyen t i c ve nhiing thoa thudn tam thdi hofic hpp tac vdi cac dang tilu tU san dan tpc each mang Vd va'n dd t h i n h lap Dang Cpng san, ban dy thao Nghj quydt chi ro vi§c tidp tyc k6o dai tinh trang ho^it dpng tuySn truyen c6 tfnh cha't td nhdm cac td chQc C$ng san dang trd sy kim ham nguy hilm ddi vdi qua trinh phat t r i l n chu nghia cpng san va ddi vdi vi$c thye hipn sy lanh d^io cpng san phong t r i o each m^ng Va, de tidn tdi trifu t^p Hpi nghj l$p Qugc ti cgng s i n v6i qu6 hinh van ddng Dang, Quoc td Cdng san de nghi nhQng ngudi cpng san Ddng Dudng phai thuc hien cac yeu ciu cd ban sau: Trung Udng lam thdi phe ehuan cac.td chQc dia phudng thi Dang phai dUdc dinh hinh trUde Dai hpi hpp; Dudi sU chl dao ciia dai dien Ban Chip hanh Qudc te Cpng san, tien hanh d^c each dua vao Ban chap hanh Trung Udng Vi$t Nam Cach menh Thanh nien mpt so cdng nhan tien tien la dang vien cpng san va la vien cua Viet Nam Cach m§nh Thanh nien; Ban Chip hfinh Trung Udng lam thdi ciia Dang Cdng san Ddng Dudng phai lien he vdi cae dang vien cpng san Trung Qudc sdng luu vong tai Ddng Dudng vfi thu hut hp vfio cdng tac eua Dang Cdng san Ddng DUdng; Ban Chip hfinh Trung Udng lam thdi ciia Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng quyet djnh cac v i n de the thQc ket nap cae vien cua Tan Viet vao Dang Cpng san; quyet djnh v i n de phe chuin (dudi sU giam sat ciia dai di$n Ban Chip hanh Qud'e td Cpng san) cac td chQc rieng le ciia Viet Nam Cach mpnh Thanh nien cae td chQc cua Dang Cpng san; Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng phai tri lien he ed he thdng vdi Dang Cdng san Phap, thdng bao cho Trung Udng Dang Cpng san Phap ve hoat dpng cua minh Ve p h i n minh Dang Cpng san Phap phai het sQc giup dd Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng; Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng cung phai cd lien he vdi cae Dang Cong san anh em khae, trUdc hdt vdi Dang Cpng san Trung Qudc va vdi Dang Cpng san An Dp; Chl c6 nhQng td chQc dia phUdng nao cua Vi§t Nam Cach menh Thanh nien va cua Tfin Vi$t da hofin tofin thQa nhfin cac Nghj quydt ciia Ban Chip hanh Qudc te Cpng san va ciia Qudc te Cpng san thi mdi dupe cong nhan la cac td chQc cua Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng; 10 Vin de cdng nhfin Dang Cpng san Dong DUdng Ifi ehi bp cua Qudc td Cdng san vfin dUde de ngo eho den nhfin dUdc thong tin ve tien trinh Dang Cong san Ddng DUdng thUc hien cac Nghi quyet eua Ban Chip hanh Qudc td Cpng san (16) Trong t i t ca cac td chQc cd cdng nhan thi phai dfic each cdng nhan vao cae cap iiy cua cac td chQc Sey; Tai lieu thQ ba cua Qudc td Cong san gQi nhQng ngUdi Cpng san Ddng DUdng, 27-10-1929, vdi nhan de: Vi viec thdnh lap mdt Ddng Cdng sdn d Ddng DUcfng Ban Chip hanh Trung Udng lam thdi ciia Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng phai Ifip tQc bat tay vao x u i t ban cd quan ngdn lufin ciia Trung Udng Dang Cpng san, trUde het cd quan ngdn luan phai cdng bd' va giai thfch cac Nghj quydt ciia Ban Chip hfinh Quoc td Cpng san vfi kien quyet diu tranh chdng mpi khuynh hudng cd hpi chii nghia; Sau lap Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng lam thdi eua Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng vfi sau Ban chip hfinh Trong p h i n d i u cua tfii lipu nfiy, Quoc td Cpng san nhfin dinh: "Sy trudng thfinh eiia phong trfio each mang b Ddng Dudng, long cfim thu eiia quin ehung nhan dan dong dao ddi vdi chu nghia dd qudc Phap, vfi dfic bipt Ifi sU phat trien cua phong trfio cdng nhan dpc Ifip va sU ton tai eiia eae td chQc cpng san nUdc, dang tao nhQng dieu kipn ein thiet va sy ein thidt cap bach la phai td chQc mpt Dang Cpng san b Ddng DUdng" (17) Qudc td Cpng san Rghi&n ciiru Lich siir sg 8.2009 nha'n manh "Cho tdi nay, qua trinh lap mpt Dang Cpng san la ra't cham so vdi sU phat trien cua phong trao each mang b Ddng Dudng"; va, nhiem vu quan trpng hdn het, tuyet ddi e i n kip ciia t i t ca nhQng ngUdi Cpng san Ddng DUdng Ifi phai khfie phuc sU chia re giQa cac nhdm Cpng san va lap mpt dang cua giai elp vd san: "Vipe thieu mpt Dang Cpng san nha't luc phong trao q u i n ehung cdng nhan vfi ndng dan eang phat trien, da trd mpt dieu nguy hiem vd cilng cho tUdng lai trudc mfit ciia each mang Ddng Dudng Nhiem vu quan trpng nha't vfi cap bach nha't ciia ta't ea nhQng ngUdi cpng san Ddng Dudng Ifi thfinh lap mpt dang each mang cd tfnh chat giai d p ciia giai d p vd san, nghia Ifi mdt Dang Cpng san ed tinh chat qufin ehung b Ddng Dudng Dang dd phai chi cd mpt vfi Ifi td chQc cpng san nha't b Ddng Dudng" (18) Ve phUdng thQc thfinh Ifip Dang Cdng san Ddng Dudng, tfii lieu ciia Qud'e td Cpng san ehi rd: Mot Id, cin phai lap mpt Ban lien hop gom cd dai bieu ciia t i t ca cac td chQc thQa nhfin cUdng linh, dieu le va Nghi quyet ciia Qud'e te Cpng san, dd mpt nQa sd dai bieu phai la nhQng cdng nhan tieh cUc, lanh tu ciia phong trfio quin ehung Ban lien hop nfiy lam nhiem vu eiia mpt Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng lam thdi eiia Dang vfi phai chiu sU lanh dao eua mpt dai bieu Ban C h i p hanh Qud'e td Cpng san; Hai Id, Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng phai dupe lap bfing each tap hdp ta't ca nhQng p h i n tQ that sy Ifi cpng san cua cac nhdm cpng san; lap nhQng ehi bp cpng san cac xf nghipp "Khdng ed nhQng chi bp cac xf nghipp cdng nghiep, nha't la cac xf nghiep ldn, khdng cd nhQng chi bp mfi thUc td se Ifi nhQng cd quan lien he ciia Dang vdi quIn ehung cdng nhan, thi Dang Cdng san khdng the la cpng san vfi Bdnsdvich" (19); Ba Id, sau hoan thfinh cac cdng viec chuin bi, cin phai trieu tap Dai hpi Dang de cii mpt Ban Chap hfinh Trung Udng thudng true vfi td chQc thao luan, giai quydt nhQng v i n de cd ban ciia phong trao each mang Ddng DUdng; Bd'n Id, Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng phai dat quan hp va lien lac vdi cac Dang Cpng san anh em khae Vdi npi dung cua ba tai lieu tren day, cho tha'y sU quan tam va sU chi dao sat cua Qud'e td Cpng san ddi vdi van de lap Dang Cpng san b Ddng Dudng Cae vfin kien cua Qud'e td Cpng san da the hien nhan thQc dung dan ciia td chQc ve sy phat trien phong trfio d i u tranh cua cdng nhan va sU ein thiet lap mpt td chQc cpng san nha't b Ddng DUdng; dong thdi chl rd phudng thQc de tidn tdi lap Dang la phai bfit d i u tQ viee xay dUng cac chi bp eae nhfi may, xi nghiep; chi ro mdi quan hp giQa Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng vdi phong trfio cpng san qudc td Day Ifi nhQng ehu trUdng vfi sQ ehi dao dung dfin cua Qud'e td Cpng san Tuy nhien, nhfin thQc chua d i y dii ve dfic diem kinh td - xa hpi vfi mdi quan he dan tpc, giai d p b Viet Nam - mot nudq phudng Ddng thupc dia, nQa phong kidn, dd quan diem vfi chl dao eua Qudc td Cdng san tren mpt sd v i n de chua that sat vdi thue tien each mang nUde ta luc dd Ve Hpi nghi Ifip Dang, cd tai li|u cho rang "Nhan dUde chi thi cua Qudc td Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qudc tripu tap cac d^i bieu eiia Ddng Dudng Cpng san Dang va An Nam Cpng san Dang bfin vipe hpp nhit" (20); mpt tai lieu khae lai viet "Qudc tdepng san giao cho dong chf Nguyen Ai Quoc chju trach nhipm thdng n h i t cac lye lupng cpng Qudc ti cOng sAn v6i qu6 hinh van ddng san b Vipt N a m de t h a n h lap mdt d a n g nha't" (21) Lien q u a n den "tu each" cua Nguyen Ai Qudc d Hpi nghi t h a n h Ifip D a n g , Vdn kien Ddng, Todn tap, t a p 2, cd tai lieu de cap den van de nay: Mdt, t r o n g Bao eao gQi Qudc t d Cdng s a n de 18-2-1930, N g u y i n Ai Qudc viet "Nhfin dUde chi thi cua Qudc te cpng s a n ve cdng tac d Dong DUdng, tdi tQ gia nude DQc vfio t h a n g va den Xiem vao t h a n g 71928 Mpt dong chi tQ Hdng Kdng tdi Xiem va tin cho toi biet t i n h h i n h Hpi An Nam T h a n h n i e n Cach m a n g bi t a n ra; nhQng ngUdi each m a n g chia t h a n h n h i e u phai Lfip tQc tdi di T r u n g Qud'e, tdi dd vfio ngfiy 23-12 S a u dd tdi trieu t a p eae dai bieu cua n h d m (Dong Dudng vfi An N a m ) C h u n g tdi hpp vfio n g a y 6-1 Vdi tU each la phai vien cua Qud'e t d Cpng s a n cd d i y dii quyen quydt d i n h mpi van de lien q u a n den phong t r a o each m a n g d Ddng Dudng, tdi ndi cho hp biet nhQng sai l i m va hp p h a i Ifim gi Hp dong y thd'ng nha't vfio mpt dang CHU C h u n g tdi cung n h a u xac dinh eUdng linh vfi chidn lUdc theo dUdng ldi cua Qudc te Cpng s a n " (22) Hai, ldi keu gpi n h a n dip t h a n h lap Dang, Nguyen Ai Qudc viet: "Nhan ehi thi cua Qudc te Cpng san giai quyet van de each m a n g d nUdc ta, tdi da hoan t h a n h nhiem vu va thfi'y cd trach nhiem phai giii tdi anh chi em vfi cac ddng chi ldi keu gpi nay" (23) Qua t u lieu t r e n vfi qua Bdo cdo tdm tdt Hgi nghi t h a n h lfip D a n g , cho thfi'y N g u y i n Ai Qudc vdi t u each Ifi dai dien eua Qudc te Cpng san, da chu dpng trieu t a p va ehu tri Hpi nghi (gom: n e u ly cupc Hpi nghi; ehi dao nhQng npi d u n g cua Hpi nghi; ldi hieu trieu k e u gpi q u i n e h u n g Viet Nam t h a m gia each mang; du t h a o chfnh cUdng, sach lUdc va Dieu le D a n g (24) ThUc te cho tha'y, thfinh cong cua Hpi nghi hdp nha't cae td chQc cpng san, thfinh lap D a n g Cpng san Viet N a m gfin lien vdi cdng lao to ldn cua Nguyen Ai Qudc, ddng thdi Ifi ket qua eua sQ q u a n t a m , chi dao c h a t che cua Qud'e t d Cpng san ddi vdi each m a n g nude ta THICH (1) Triidc d6, phong tr^o cong san wk cong nhan quo'c te da c6 to chiic: Quo'c te I - Hoi lien hiep cong nh&n quo'c te diJdc th^nh ISp n3m 1864 Dieu 1^ tam thdi cua Quo'c te I viet: "Hoi nSy dadc thinh ISp lA de' lim mot trung tam lien lac vA hdp tac giOa cac doan the' cong nhan hien dang ton tai d cac nvtdc khae va theo duoi cdng mgt mue dfch - tile la bao ve, phat trien vk giai phdng hodn tokn giai cS'p cong nhan" (C.Mac vk Ph.Angghen; Tokn tap, t 16, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Hk Noi, 2004, tr 25); Quoc te II, dii(?c thinh Iftp ngky 14-7-1889, vdi sil mang tiep tuc sU nghidp cua Quoc te I - doin ket giai ca'p cong nhan Tuy nhien, qua trinh hoat dong, lanh dao mot so dang quan nha't cua Quoc te II da sa vao chu nghia cd hoi, phan boi lai ldi ich cila giai ca'p cong nhan, vi vay Quoc te II bi phan lifit vk bi tan (2) Ve y nghia ddi Quoc te Cpng san, V.I Lenin danh gia: "Quoc te III da thiia hudng nhCng qua hoat dong cila Quoc te II, no da tni bo khoi Quoc te II bon sau mot til san, cd hoi vk xi hoi - so vanh vk da bat d£u thuc hien chuyen chinh vo san" (V.L Lenin: Todn tap, t 38, Nxb Tig'n bQ, M, 1977, tr 363) Tac gia cuon sach 100 nam Qudc te'Lao ddng 10 Rghi&i cijru Ljch sJr sg 8.2009 1-5, viet: "L^n diu tien lich sil, Quoc te Cong san da chi ro sU doin ket ta't yeu, lien minh chien da'u giQa giai cSfp vo san vfi cac dan toe thupc dia dang ren xiet dUdi ach tho'ng tri thiic dan" (Nguyin Quoc Hiing - Vu Diidng Ninh - PhOing Hiiu Phu: 100 ndm ngdy Qudc te Lao dong 1-5, Nxb Lao dong, Ha Noi, 1986, tr 49) (3) Tiep theo la Dai hpi lin thfl Vll cua Quoc tS' Cpng san hop tvi ngky 25-7 den 20-8-1935 TrUdc hoan canh bpn phat - xit dang ta'n cong nen dan chii tu san, nham thiet lap che ap bflc tan b^io va phan dpng nha't, Dai hoi VII da vach ro sU li^a chpn diing dan cua nhan dan lao dpng cl cac nfldc tfl ban chii nghia khong phai la gifla each m^ng vo san va dan chu tfl san ma phai la gifla dan chii tfl san va chii nghia phat - xi't Dai hpi chii trUdng thifi't lap m^t hinh thfle tap hdp Iflc \\i()ng mdi A6 Ik Mat trdn nhdn d&n, hoat dpng theo khiu hi$u "da'u tranh cho hok binh"; Sau Dai h^i Vll, tmdc sy phat triln mdi cua phong trko cong nhan tfliig nude dat yeu ciu phai thay doi hinh thfle to ehflc lien minh cua giai cip c6ng nhan eho phii hpp, thang 5-1943, Doan Chii tjch Ban cha'p hanh Quoc t6' Cpng san da thong qua nghi quyfi't Gidi the Qudc te'Cqng sdn (4) Dang C^ng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn ki^n Ddng, Todn tdp, tdp 1, Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha N^i, 2002, tr 572 (5) Hd Chi Minh, Todn tdp, tap 1, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2002, tr 301-302 (6) Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, tap 1, sdd, tr 301 (7) Scf thdo tdn thd nhdt nhiing ludn cUcfng vi vdn di ddn tgc vd thudc dia, de cap nhflng nguyen tic ciia vi^c giai quyet vin de dan toe va thupc dia; xic dinh vj trf, vai tro cua eSch mang giai phdng dfin t$c m6i quan h§ vdi each mang v6 san; nhi^m vy chifi'n Iflpc va sach Iflpc each mang cl eae nfldc thu$c dia; trach nhi^m cila Quoc t6' Cpng san vi^c giup dd each mang thupc dia (8) Khi nfl dong chi Rd-dd (toe k^ ciia Dai h^i lin thfl XVIII Dang Xa hpi Phap) hoi: "t^ii dong chi lai bo phieu cho D$ tam qu£c t ^ , Nguyin Ai Qudc tra ldi: "Ra't ddn gian Tdi khdng hieu ehi ndi the nao Ifi chi^n Iflpc, chifo thu^t v6 s i n va nhieu diem khfie Nhflng tdi hilu r5 m^t dieu Dd tam qudc te rfi't ehii f dfo vfi'n dl giai phdng dan tpc thupc dia D6 tam qu6c t6 ndi s6 giup dd cac dan tpc bj ap bflc gianh l^i ty vfi d ^ lap eiia hp Cdn D? nhi quoc t^ khdng h i nhfic din vfin mang eae thupc dia Vi vfiy tdi da bo philu tfin thfinh D§ tam quoc t6' Tfl eho dong bfio tdi, d^c Ifip cho To' quoe tdi, dfi'y Ifi tft't ea nhflng dilu tdi muon" (Trin Dan Tien, Nhdng mdu chuyen vi ddi hoat dong cua Hd Chu tich, Nxb Sfl th^t, Hfi N$i, 1986, tr 44, 45) Trong cuon DUcmg cdch m^nh (xufit ban nim 1927), Nguyin Ai Quoc vilt: "Xem cfich t6 ehflc De tam qud'e tl, cd dfit mOt b§ ri6ng, chuyen nghien cflu vfi giup dd cho cfich m^nh bfin a- Ddng Xem khiu hi^u D$ tam qudc td, ch&ng nhflng rang "vd san giai cfi'p" mfi lai thSm cfiu " vfi dfin toe bi ap bflc t b i gidi hdn hi^p lai" Xem quy tfic Dg tam qudc td 21 dilu, dilu thfl ndi ring: "Cfic dang c$ng san, nh^t Ifi ding cdng san Phap phai h i t sflc giup dfin thu^c d|a Ifim each m$nh" Xem each m^nh Nga giup cho cfich m^nh Tfiu, Tho Nhi Kj^, Peesia, Mdng Cd Lai xem k l hoaeh vl vfi'n ii thxify: dja Ifi ty tay dng Lenin Ifim Xem nhflng vi$c fi'y thi dii bilt ring An Nam muon lam each m^nh thfinh cdng, thi tfit phai nhd D$ tam qud'e t«" (Ho Chf Mmh, Todn t$p, tfip Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, Hfi Npi, 2002 tr 287.) (9) Theo TS LS Vfin Y§n: "GiQa nfim 1923, Nguyin Ai Qudc bl mfit rdi Phfip din Lifin X6 T»i Qugc tg cgng s i n vdri qu6 hinh vhn dgng dfiy, Ngfldi vCfa eong tac d Ban phfldng Ddng vfi Qudc t l nong dan eua Quoc t l Cpng san, vfla hpc tap, nghien cflu tai Tnidng Dai hpc phfldng Ddng cho den cuoi nam 1924 Day Ifi thdi ky Nguyin Ai Qudc tnidng thfinh vUdt bfic, trd thfinh ngfldi chi^n si cpng san thuc thu" (TS LS Vfin Yen: Nguyin Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh trin dUdng sdng ldp Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam, Nxb Lao Dong, Hfi Npi, 2005, tr 63-64) (10) Theo PGS.TS Pham Xanh: "Doi vdi Ddng Dfldng, mpt dia bfin xung yeu cl Ddng Nam A, Qu6c t^ Cpng san da cd sfl quan tam kha sdm Trung tam truyen ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin b Viin Ddng sau thfinh Ifip da vach k l hoaeh tuyen truyin h Thupng Hai, Sfii Gdn, Xingapo Mpt bflc difn dl ngfiy 26-4-1920 eiia Lanh sfl Phfip tai Vladivdxtdc cho thiy ro dieu fi'y Trong bflc di^n dd, Lfinh s\I Phap dfi bfio cho nhfi dfldng cue Ddng Dfldng bilt Ifi mdt cd quan lanh dao vi^c tuyen truyin cpng san da dflde thfinh Ifip tai Hai Sfim Uy, ed quan nfiy dfl dinh se to ehflc cac trung tam tuyen truyin t?ii Thupng Hai, Sfii Gdn vfi Tan Gia Ba , ngfiy 811-1920 cfic nhfi ehflc trfich Nam Ky da gfli mpt ban thong tri bao eho cae dia phUdng bilt ring hai ngfldi Nga, dang vien cpng san, dSn Sfii Gdn ho^t dpng da bj tryc xufi't" (PGS.TS Pham Xanh; Nguyin Ai Qudc v&i viec truyin bd chd nghia MdcLenin vdo Viet Nam (1921-1930), Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, Hfi Npi, 2001, tr 65) (11) Theo Ho To Lfldng: "Dang Cpng san Phfip da in vfi gui sang ViSt Nam hfing nghin ban nhflng tfic phim ciia cac nhfi sang Ifip chii nghia MficLfinin nhu 'Tuyen ngdn cua Dang Cpng san", 'lAm gi" 11 "Hai sach Ifldc cua Dang dfin chu - xa hdi cfich m^ng dfin chu", "B§nh fiu tri" "ta khuynh" phong trao cdng san" vfi eae bao Nhan dao, Ngfldi cflng kho, cac van kifn cila Qu6c t l Cpng san" (Ho To Lfldng: Tdc ddng tich cUc cda Qudc te Cdng sdn ddi vdi cdch mang Viet Nam, NghiSn cflu 1^ lufin, so'3, thang 3-1999, tr 8) (12) PGS.TS Pham Xanh: Nguyen Ai Qudc vdi viic truyin ba chu nghia Mdc-Lenin vdo Viet Nam (1921-1930), sdd, tr 86 (13) Xem th6m, Trin Giang: Vi bde thU cda QTCS gdi nhiing ngudi cdng sdn d Dong Diictng 2710-1929, Tap chf LJCA sdDdng, so 3, 1992, tr 49 (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19) Dang Cpng san Vift Nam: Vdn kien Ddng, Todn tdp, tfip 1, Nxb Chinh trj quie gia, Hfi Npi, 2002, tr 594, 602-603, 608-61.1, 614 614, 617 (20) B$ Gifio dye vfi Dfio t^o, Lich sd Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam Nxb Gifio d\fc, Hfi Npi, 2002, tr 31; H^i ddng Trung Udng chi d^io bifin so^n Gifio trinh Qudc gia cfic bO mdn khoa hpe MfieLfinin, tfl tudng Ho Chl Minh, Gido trinh Lich sil Ddng Cdng sdn Vi^t Nam, Nxb Chinh trj Qud'e gia, Hfi Ndi, 2001, tr 45 (21) B^ Dai hpc, Trung hpc chuySn nghiep vfi day nghi, Lich sdDdng C^ng sdn Viit Nam, tfip 1, Nxb D^i hpe vfi Gifio due chuyen nghiep, Hfi NOi, 1988, tr 48 (22), (23), (24) Dang Cdng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn kiin Ddng, Todn tdp, tfip 2, Nxb Chinh tri Qulc gia, Hfi N^i, 2002, tr 18-20, 14 10-12 ... Viet Nam (Dudng each mpnh), chuan bi ve tU tudng chinh tri va to' chQc cho viec tien tdi lap Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam Phong trao da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc b Ddng DUdng va dfic biet la xQ An Nam. .. can bp Viet Nam va mpt so' nUdc d chau A sang hpc tai TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Dong NhQng ngUdi Viet Nam dUde dao tao d day p h i n ldn da trd cac nha lanh dao ciia Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Lien quan... tpc thupc dia" (6) Ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam, sU kien d i u tien phan anh vai trd cua Qud'e te Cpng san la viec vao nSm 1920, Nguyen Ai Qudc (sau 10 nam bdn ba tim dUdng cQu nude) dpc bao cao