Bài viết trình bày những cố gắng của người Pháp trong việc đưa nền Y học hiện đại, còn được gọi là Tây y và Đông Dương nói chung và vào Việt Nam nói riêng trong những năm đầu thế kỷ 20 chính xác hơn là trong khuôn khổ của cuộc khai thác thuộc địa lần thứ nhất của thực dân Pháp.
NGUlOn PHAP von QUA TRlNH DU NHAP Y HOC Hl|N DAI VAO VliT NAM TRONG NHONG NAM D&U THE KY XX TA THI T H O Y ' SAUN KINGSLEY MALARNEY" T rong hki vig't n6y, chung t6i ee trinh bay nhQng "c& gdng" ciia ngildi Phap vi§c Axia a$n y hoc hi§n dai, c6n diidc goi Ih Tfiy y vAo Dong Duong nfii chung, vho Vi$t Nam n6i rieng nhflng nfim diu thS' ky XX, chfnh xac hdn lfi khudn khd cua cuoc khai thac thupc dia Iln thut nhfi^t cila thUc dan Phap Cho dSn tru6c Paul Doumer ISn Ifim Tofin quyen, Y tg" vfi Site khoe lfi nhflng linh vuc Vi^t Nam chUa m^y dUpc ngUcli Phap quan tfim B0nh dich diln lifin mien, nhUng chi m6i c6 ci Nam Kf vi§c tigm phong chSng d§u miia du^c tijfn hfinh tii 1878 cac thiy thufic hai qufin dam trach Phai d^n nfim 1891, ViSn vi trung hgc mdi dUOc hac si Albert Camette 14p d Sii G6n vfi den nfim 1895, Yersin mdi Ifip Viin vi triing hgc Nha Trang M§t vfii cd sd chfla b^nh vfi vi^n nghifin cflu dU(?c Ifip nhung chil yfi'u lfi d^ chfla cho qufin din tni vfi dfin Au nhU B0nh vi§n qufin d^i Din Thuy (Hfi N6i) Nfim 1897, Paul Doumer len Ifim Tofin quyen, cung nhii doi vdi linh vi^c giao dijc vifin Tofin quy^n nfiy hlu nhU chfla c6 ke hogch nfio cho Y tfi* - Sfle khde, mfic du chfldng trinh khai thac v^ kinh tef thfit lfi to tat Trong cfic khoan chi tfii chfnh cong luc bSTy gid, chfla c6 myc nfio ve chi cho y tfi" vfi mai de'n nhflng nfim sau Chien tranh the gidi Iln thfl Nhlit (1920-1929) thi y te cung chi mdi chifi'm 1,65 dfin 3,78% tdng chi ngfin sfich Dfing Dudng mfi thoi (1) Khi Paul Beau lfin Ifim Tofin quyen Dfing Dudng, vdi chfnh sfich "hdp tdc vdi ngUdi bdn xii" cua ong ta, y tg" de "bdo vi sHc khoe c6ng cdng" mdi trd thfinh m§t hai linh vflc cua yfi'u dfi xfi hfii du^c quan tfim Trong thdi k^ Paul Beau tfl 1902 dfi'n 1907, cfic xfl dfiu tfing chi ngfin sach cho y tfi nhifiu hdn BO vdi trUdc Trfin tofin Dfing Dfldng, nfim 1906 sfi" tifin dfinh cho y tfi lfi 1.194.467 dSng tUdng dfldng gin tri$u francs, gfi!p hai Iln so vdi so chi cho linh vi^c nfiy tfii khda 1902 (2) Nam K^, cfic khoan chi cua ngan sfich c&'p xfl, nfim 1882 mdi chi cd xfip • PGS.TS.Vien Sflhi?c " GS.TS Trudng D?i hoc Qufic tfi Thifin chiia gifio Tokyo tighten cflu Ljch aJr afi 9.2012 xi 22.000 dfing dU(?c chi cho y tfi thi nfim 1902 da lfi 176.216 dfing, tflc lfi tfing 16n Iln vfi nfim 1907 Ifi 253,189 dfing dfinh cho linh vi^c nfiy, tflc lfi tfing Ien gin 11,5 Iln Cy thd xem bang (3): Linh v\fc y tfi vfi sfle kh6e cdn dUpc quan tflm hdn vdi Tofin quyfin Albert Sarraut, ngfldi dfi Ifim cho vi§c "h^ tdc vdi ngU&i bdn xit' trd thfinh mfit chfnh sdch hofin chinh, dfi "ldm cho ngUdi bdn xii dUdc B&ng 1: Chi cho y tfi cua ngan sfich Nam Ky, 1902-1907 (b&ng D^ng) Nim B ^ n h vi&n Cligr QuAn 1882 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 17.5-16,62 30.957,33 37.659,27 39,995,00 40 726,27 43.596,66 45.851,00 Tr^f c&'p c h o c d c b § n h vifin, c c t r a i phonK, c6c cdnR t r i n h y t ^ 14.072,24 145.269,33 129.332,60 166.475,71 171.669,95 154.254,55 207.338.88 fing 2: Cfic khoan chi cho cfic hoat dfing y tfi cua ngfin sfich Thfinh Ch^ Lcfn 1882-1907 (5) N4m 1882 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 Hoat d^ng cua Bfinh vifin 1.970,00 22.378,00 23.574,00 24.074,00 33.065,00 31.067,00 35.608,00 Chi phi cho vi^c trcl g i u p 1.500,00 10.326,00 7.150,00 8.850,00 8.897,00 9.978,00 18.633,00 So tifin mfi Ngan sfich cua Thfinh Chd Ldn chi cho boat dfing cua b^nh vifn, cho vi^c tr0 giup y tfi vfi xay di^ng mdi cac cong trinh y tfi' da tfl hdn nghin dfing nfim 1882 tfing len xfip xi 58 nghin dfing nfim 1902 vfi hdn 54 nghin dong nfim 1907, nhu bang (4) O Trung K^, chi cho nhan si^ hoat dfing ngfinh y tfi" ban xfl tfing tfl 2.071 dfing nfim 1902 len 3.756 dong nfim 1906 vfi dfl chi 7.606 dong nfim 1907 Chi phf cho v^t li^u y tfi cua xfl nfiy cung tfl 13.500 dfing nfim 1902 lfin 16.000 dfing nfim 1905 vfi 33.480 dong nfim 1906 (6) Xfiy d i i n g m d i Tong cgng 4.900,00 26.000,00 17.112,14 6.000,00 3.000,00 8.370,00 67.704,00 47.836,14 38.824,00 44.952,00 41.035,00 54.141,00 hudng nhiing tiin b^ vi vi sinh vi khoa hgc y hgc" (7) dfi trd thfinh mfit nhflng bifin phap chu yfiu dd tridn khai chi'nh sfich "hgp tdc" dfi vfio thyc tfi" Trong ngfin sach cfic ca'p, cfic khoan tie'n dfinh cho y tfi tfing lfin hfing nfim, tfl xfip xi 1,2 trifiu nfim 1906 dU^c diin d trfin tfing Ifin 1,8 trifiu nfim 1913, 3.1 trifiu 1914; 3,1 tri^u nfim 1915; 2,57 trifiu nfim 1916; 3,2 trifiu cfic nfim 1917 vfi 1918 (8) Vdi nhflng khoan tifiV it di ngfin sfich fiy, cfic cd quan quan I^ sfle khoe Iln lu^t ddi, vi^c dfio tao nhfin vifin y iM, vific xfiy dflng cfic cd scl y tfi" dflpc tifi'n hfinh, cfic Rguai Phap va qua hrinh du nh»p gifim sfit vific fip dung nhflng quy djnh vfi bao vfi sfle khde cfing cfing vfi nghifin cflu Nfim 1902, TrUifng Dgi hoc Y khoa D6ng nhflng bi^n phfip dfi Ifim s^eh cfic khu trung tflm Cho dfin nfim 1906, Nam K^ ed Duong dUdc thfinh Ifip khfing dfldi 65 cd sd y tfi (12) Nfim 1904, Paul Beau cho Ifip Tdng Nha Bfic K]? (13), b§nh vifin ban xfl d Hai Siic khoe Ddng DUtfng {Direction genirale de la Sante) Cflng nfim, Beau cho Ifip Phdng bfit diu hoat dfing tfl 21-3-1906 ngfin sach Thfinh phfi" Hai Phdng chi tra TrUdng Cao ddng Y khoa Ddng DUOng Cfic tinh dfiu lap cd quan H5 trp Y tfi Qua Nghi djnh ngfiy 30-6-1905, mfit cO rifing: Bic Giang, Hai Dfldng, Hflng Yfin, quan thfldng tryc td chflc Trg giup Y ti Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Sdn La, Vinh Yfin, {VAssistance midicale) dupc Ifip d Dfing Phuc Yfin Cfic cd quan nfiy mfit nhfin Dfldng muc dfeh dflpc hfit kc lfi: dfio tao vifin chuyen trach Cung nhfl vfiy, mfit sfi chuyfin gia ngfinh Y Dfing Dfldng; tinh da xfiy dyng dflpc b§nh vi§n rieng nhfl: chfim sde y tfi cho ngfldi Au vfi ngfldi ban Bfic Ninh, Phu LJ, Lang Sdn, Yen Bai, Phu xfl; difiu khidn cfic bfinh vi$n nhifiu Thg, Mdng Cai, Hai Dfldng Nfim 1906, nguon ngan sfich chi tra; kidm soat hay Bfic KJ cfi 38 bac si (14) Nghi dinh 27-4thyc hifin nhflng bifin phfip lien quan dfin 1907 cho Ifip ngach y ta ban xfl d Bfic Kjf vific kidm soat y te', dich b^nh, chfim sde sfle d Trung KJ (15), eho dfin nfim 1906, cd khoe cgng dfing, dong thdi day cho dfin quan Ho trp Y tfi mdi dflpc Ifip d Thanh Dong DUdng hidu each bao vfi sfle khoe vfi Hda, Vinh, Hufi, Dfi Nfing, Quy Nhdn, so'ng ve sinh; xfiy dflng eae ed sd y tfi' (9) Phan Rang, Phan Thifit Nfim 1906, Trung Song song vdi vific xay dflng hfi thong Ky (16) cd 14 bac si, bfinh vien dfldc l^ip cfic cd quan quan Iy cfing tae chfim soc sfle d cac thfinh pho" chinh vfi cfic tram y te d khde, chinh quyen thflc dan cung tflng bude cac trung tam khfic So nhfip vi0n d Trung cho xay dung hfi thfing bfinh vifin va cae cd Ky nfim 1906 lfi 4.273, sfi Ifldt kham Ifi sd y tfi' tai cae dia phfldng, nhfl Hdpital 52.627 va so" tifim chung lfi 395.392 Sfi tie'n Grail d Sfii Gon, Hdpital de Lannessan d dfldc chi tifiu lfi 160.819 dong Hfi Noi, vfi Hdpital Indigene du Protectorat Tdng eong cho dfin nfim 1906, Ctf quan (Bfinh Vifin Phu Doan) (25-3-1904) d Hfi Ho trg Y ti' dfi cfi 100 thiy thuoc ca dfin sfl Ngi (chfla bfinh cho ngfldi ban xfl d xfl Bao vfi quan sfl Cd quan nfiy quan ly 57 bfinh Hg, Ngan sfich Lien bang chi tra) vifin, 33 tram y te, bfinh vifin phong, nhfi Nam Ky (10) trd thfinh xfl tifin tridn cflu tfi cho nhflng ngfldi bi bfinh mfin tfnh vfi nhanh nhfit vi y tfi, nhd nguon ngfin sfich ngfldi gifi, 17 trai trd mo coi, khong ndi cfip xfl, cac ngfin sfich cfip tinh vfi nhd sfl nfldng ti^a, nhfi hfi sinh, bfinh vi^n cho ung ho ddng gdp cua cfic ca nhfin Nfim ngfldi mfl vfi ngfldi efim dific Cd quan nfiy 1903 (11), mfit trai phong dUpe Ifip tren tifip nhfin vfi chfim adc 43.099 ngfldi nhfip mfit cfl lao d sfing Mekfing Thang 1-1904, vi$n, 238.149 Iflpt kham, 710 ngfldi phong, mfit TrUdng tkUc hdnh y tibdn xic dflpc md 2.077 ngudi gifi vfi ngfldi bj bfinh man tfnh, dd dfio tao eae y tM tiem chung vfi cac nfl hfi 2.815 tr^ mo coi va da tifin hfinh 897.339 sinh Chd Ldn mfit bfinh vifin dan sfl vfi lupt ehung dfiu (17) Tdng cgng, cho dfin nhieu cfing trinh y tfi dflpc Ifip Nfim nfim 1906, tofin Dong Dfldng co 129 cd sd y 1907, cac Hfii dfing y te ddi d cac tinh dd tfi (18) bifin phfip phdng ngfla bfinh dich dfl(?c tridn khai Rghian eihi Lieh sJr atf 9.2012 Nfim 1901, Idp y tfi nam diu tifin dflpc Sau nhflng "cd gdng" cua Paul Beau, Albert Sarraut dfi ihuc diy thfim mfit bfldc md t^i Chp Qufin vfi nfim sau, Tofin vific xfiy dyng cfic cd sd y tfi trfin tofin DOng quydn Dfing Dfldng nghj dinh thifit Ifip Dfldng Cho nfin tfl 129 cd ad y tfi vfio nfim ng^ch y tfi ngfldi ban xfl t^i Trung KJ vfi 1906, eon sfl" nfiy dfi tflng nhanh Bic KJ Nfim 1903, Paul Beau ban hfinh nhflng nfim chifin tranh, Ifin 169 nfim 1913; nghj djnh Ifip TrUimg Ythi/c h6nh bdn ii?d 156 nfim 1914; 171 nfim 1915; 185 nfim Nam KJ dd dio t^o y tfi, nfl hfi sinh ngfldi 1916; 190 nfim 1917 vfi 279 nfim 1918 (19), Vi§t d$t dfldi sfl chi d^o cua Gifim dfic Sd Y vdi 90 bfinh vifin, 10 tr^i tr4 md cfii, 87 tfi Nam KJ Chi phf eho vific hpe tinh tr^m y tfi, phdng khfim, 22 tr^m xfi , phSi chju Hpe xong, cfic y tfi, nfl hoc sinh dfi tfip trung nhifiu nhfi't t^i Nam KJ, cdn trd y6 Ifim vific t^i tr^m xfi xfi Lfldng Ifi Ifing trA Dfin nfim 1918, Dflng Dfldng dfi cd Trung KJ gin nhfl khflng dfing kfi 1.539 y tfi Chfnh quyfin thufic dja cflng cho Vific md rfing hfi thfing cd sd cflu chfla thfinh Ifip trfldng Nfl hfi sinh diu tifin t^i bfinh eung gdp phin Ifim eho sfi* ngfldi ban Chp Ldn (1901) chuyfin dfio t^o bfi dfi eho xfl dflpc hfldng cfic lo^i djch vy nfiy tfing xfl Nam KJ vfi sau dfi Ifi trfldng Nfl Hfi sinh lfin Vi thfi, nfim 1906 cd 238.149 ngfldi thufic TrUdng Y khoa Ddng DUOng dflpc Ifip bfinh di thfim khfim thi nfim 1918 sfidd nfim 1905 dd dfio tao cfic bfi dd ngfldi ban Ifi 950.938 ngfldi (20) xfl cho Bic KJ vfi Trung KJ Sau tfit So ngfldi hoat dfing trong linh vflc nghifip, cfic bfi dd sfi Ifim vific tai cfic b^nh y tfi cung tfing lfin Cfic cd sd dfio tao nhfin vi§n, tr?m xfi So vdi nfim 1914, nfim 1918 vien y tfi tflng bfldc dflpc thfinh Ifip TrUitng sfi bfi dd tfing gin Iln Nfim 1914, Trfldng Bgi hgc Y khoa Ddng DUOng dflpc Ifip vfio Y md thfim khoa Dflpc chuyfin dfio t^o dflpc nfim 1902 tai Hfi Ngi chuyfin vS dfio t^o y si Nghi dinh 25-10-1904, Tofin quyfin Dfing Bl Dfldng Ifip Trfldng Cao dSng Y khoa Cfic cd sd y tfi dflpc Ifip ra, sfi* nhfin vifin y Dfing Dfldng tfi tfing lfin dd, sfi ngfldi nhfip vifin, sfi Tfl nfim 1907 dfin 1918 cfi 95 ngfldi tfi't ngfiy chfla, sfi' ngfldi di khfim vfi sfi Iflpt nghifip vfi Ifiy b4ng Y si Dfing Dfldng khfim bfinh eung tfing thfim LA'y vf dy {Medecin Indochinois) (21) Nhfin vifin y tfi nhflng nfim 1913-1918 ca ngudi Au vfi ngfldi ban xfl dflpc thfing kfi Trong giai do^n nfiy, t$i Vifit Nam cfi hai nhfl sau mfit sfi' nfim, tfl 1913 dfin hfi thfing Y hgc chfla bfinh lfi Dflng y, Tfiy y, 1918 (xem bang 3) dd Dfing y vin lfi phfldng phfip chfla bfinh phd bifin hdn, dflpc nhifiu ngUdi Vifit Bang 3: S6 nhfin vifin y tfi d Ddng Di/dng tif 1913-1918(22} Nam Ifla chon Y hgc phfldng Tfiy dflpc chfnh thflc dfla vfio Vifit Nam tfl cufii thfi ag nhAa.vltn y tK(d^ii 31-12) Nfim ky XIX, nhflng cho dfi'n Ifle nfiy vfin cdn NgUill Au NffUdi bin xiir chfim phfit tridn vfi phin dfing chi cfi dfin 170 1913 114 chung d cfic dfi thi nidi dflpc hfldng lpi fch lfi 170 114 1914 lo^i hinh y hpe nfiy 226 1915 106 1916 77 284 1917 79 318 1918 90 316 Thfim nfla, chfnh quydn thufic dia fip dyng mfit sfi bifin phfip dd phdng chfi'ng cfic loflii dich bfinh d Vifit Nam Md rfing ho^t Rgii6i Phap vm qua h-inh du nh^p Bang 4: So ngirdi nhfip vifin, sfi' ngfiy chfla bfinh, s^ ngUdii khfim, sfi^ Iflpt khfim vfi BS ngflcfi dfl^c tifim chung dfiu mua tfl 1913 dfin 1018 (23) Nfim S£fnh$p vif n (nghin) Sfi ngfiy chuTa b f n h (nghin) Ngildi di khfim (nghin) Lifpt dl khfim (nghin) 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 69 75 81 95 9L 104 2.175 2.175 2.007 2.193 2.269 2.408 599 654 641 717 841 951 1.700 1.702 1.788 2,028 2,395 2.585 dgng cua cfic ViSn Vi triing hgc dflpc Ifip d Sfii Gon vfi Nha Trang cufii thfi ky XIX, nfim 1913, ViSn Vi sinh vd Vi triing hgc Iln Iflpt dflpc thfinh l§p t^i Bic KJ vfi Trung KJ Vifie sfl dyng vfic-xin, chu yfiu dd phong b^nh d§u mfla, bfinh dich h^ch vfi bfinh ta da cfi kfit qua So ngfldi dflpc tifim phfing tfing lfin moi nfim Nfim 1914 d Dong Dudng cd 1.404.000 ngfldi dflpc tiem vficxin bfinh dfiu mfla, nfim 1918 co 2.945.000 ngfldi, nhfl dfldc thfing ke bang Phin dong ngfldi Vifit Nam khong quen vdi viec tifim phdng vic-xin, chi xay nhflng trfin dich ldn, ho mdi den cac ed sd y te', Ngofii ra, td chflc Trg giiip y (e'cung tifin hfinh phan phat thud'e miSn phi dfin cfic dia phUdng, chu yfiu Ifi thufic chong so't rfit Nfim 1918, sfi thuoc dupe phfit tai Nam Ky lfi 219 kilogam, t^i Bfic KJ lfi 56 kilogam vfi Trung KJ lfi 116 kilogam Ben eanh dd, nhflng kien thflc vfi sinh sd dSng da dupe dfla vfio d?iy cfic nhfi trfldng phd thong dong thdi cac hoat dfing vfi sinh, t^y ufi ndi cfl tru, ndi cfing cfing ca vfi sinh thflc phim cung dflpc tifin hfinh Bic KJ, ThO'ng sfl ban hfinh Nghi dinh 1-6-1902, sfla ddi b^ng Nghi dJnh 1811-1902 vfi vfi sinh ndi cU tru, Nghi di^h 25-7-1902 vi kidm dich thi^c phim Cfic Hpi ddng vfi sinh dflpc thfinh Ifip d Hfi Ngi vfi Hai Phong b^ng Nghi dinh ngfiy Tifim chung d|iU tnita (ndhin) 1,139 1.404 1.352 1.372 2.574 2,945 25-7-1902 dd kidm dich vi v$ sinh thflc phim m6i tinh dfi'u da Ifip Hdi dSng V| sink theo tinh thin cfic nghj dinh 1-61902, 19-9-1905 vfi dUpc thi^c hifin bitng Nghi dinh 2-4-1907 vi bao vfi sfle khoe cfing cfing d Bic KJ Bfin c^nh dfi, vifie tly ufi ndi hofic tifin hfinh cfich Iy bfinh nhfin xay cfic bfinh dich truyen nhilm cung dflpc dfit Ngfldi mie bfinh dflpc dfla tdi cfic cd sd phdng dich dd cfich Iy Trong giai doan diu, cac nhfi phdng dich nfiy mdi chi dflpc dflng Ifin tam thdi Chi dfin xay trfin dich hach nfim 1903 tai Hfi Nfii, vific Ifip cfic cd sd phdng dich chuyen bifit mdi dflpc dfit Tuy vfiy, vific tly ufi hay each Iy nhfl vfiy khfing dflpc dan chung hfldng flng, bdi tam IJ Io sp Doi vdi bfinh phong, chinh quyfin thufic dia tifin hfinh Ifip cfic trai phong dd cfich ly ngfldi bfinh vfi tifin ehfla bfinh cho hg Trfldc nfim 1900, da sfi ngfldi bi bfinh phong song tai nhflng "ldng phong " d nfing thSn thudng dfldc ggi lfi diidng ti hay ldng phong Nfim 1903, chinh quyfin Nam KJ Nghi djnh efTm ngfldi hi bfinh phong xufit hifin d nhflng ndi cfing cfing vfi eho xfiy dflng mfit trgi phong d Cfl Lao Rdng, tinh MJ Tho Sau dfi, vific Ifip trai phong vfi Ifing phong dflpc tifin hfinh d cfic xfl edn lai cua Dfing Dfldng Mfic dfl vfiy, sfi ngfldi bi bfinh phong Vifit Nam v5n d mflc cao, nhfl nfim 1918, cd khoang 1.900 ngfldi mic bfinh b Rghlfln cflu X4ch aJr atf 9.2018 Trung KJ, 1.000 ngfldi d Nam KJ vfi 2.600 ngfldi d Bfic KJ Nhfl vfiy, sau hofin thfinh v6 cd bSn cfing cufic binh djnh vd qufin sfl, dd phye vy cho eufie khai thfic thufic dja vd kinh tfi, nhflng nfim diu Ihfi ky XX, ngUdi Phfip da "cd'gang" dUa vfio thufic dja ndn y hoc phfldng Tfiy (Tfiy y) dd hifin d^i hda ndn y hpe ed truydn dfla vfio phfldng phfip chfla bfinh cua Trung Hoa (Dflng y) Vdi nhflng flu didm cua nd, ndn y hpe mdi da dfla lai cho ngfldi dfin ban xfl nhflng dich vy y te mdi, tfl chfla bfinh dfi'n phdng bfinh, phdng dich vfi vfi sinh mfii trfldng, thflc phim Tuy nhifin, mfic dfl vfiy, dfiy mdi chi Ifi nhflng "c^ gdng" ban diu cua chfnh quyfin thupc dja, chu yfiu dd phye vy gidi quan nhfin, bfi mfiy cai tri, cfic nhfi thyc dan ngfldi Phfip Hfi thong cac cd sd y tfi', so lupng nhfin vien y tfi, cd sd vflt chfit ehfla du dfip flng mfit dan so^ ngfiy cfing dong Vl vfiy, Dfing y vfin cdn gifl vai trd quan trong nen y hoe thuge dia sau ea hdn nfla thfi ky chifim ddng cua ngfldi Phap So ngfldi dflpc kham, dupc nhfip vifin, so thfim kham chi chifim mgt ty Ifi nhd so^ dan hfing chyc trifiu ngfldi So* phy nfl sinh dflpc si^ ho trp cua y tfi cdn chfla dupc thfing kfi, vi vific dfio tao nfl hfi sinh mdi chi b i t diu Dfin chung vin phai thfldng xuyfin doi mfit vdi cfic loai dich bfinh, dfic bifit Ifi cac lo^i bfinh truydn nhilm gdm loai bfinh djch ehfnh ed anh hfldng Idn dfin sfle khde vfi cd kha nfing gfiy tfl vong cao lfi: - Bfinh dieh tl gdm cfi bfinh dich haeh, bfinh dich ta, vfi b§nh dfiu mfla; - Bfinh dich tS mang tfnh dia phfldng gfim c6 bfinh sfit rfit, bfinh Iy, bfinh thfldng hfin, bfinh tfi phfl, vfi bfinh dfing-gd; - Bfinh dieh dia phfldng gdm bfinh sfit rfit, bfinh giun sin, bfinh phong, vfi bfinh chd d^i; - Bfinh xa hfii gdm cd bfinh lao, bfinh hoa Hlu, vfi bfinh mfit hfit M3i nfim cd hfing ngfin jigfldi nhilm vfi chfit vi cfic lo^i bfinh nfiy Rifing hai nfim 1908 vfi 1910, t^i Nam KJ vfi Trung KJ dfl cfi hOn 1.600 ngfldi chfit vi bfinh dieh h^ch (24) Cfic trfin djch ta lifin tifip cfic nfim 1908, 1911, 1912, 1916 khifin d Nam KJ cd 2.000 ngfldi chfit nfim 1908; 3.777 ngfldi chfit nfim 1911; 7.488 mfic djch nfim 1912 O Trung KJ sfi ngfldi mfic dich tfing lfin: nfim 1908 cd 2.524 vfi nfim 1916 tfing lfin gfip hdn Iln lfi 5.616 (25) Sfi^ ngfldi mfic bfinh dfiu mfla eung khfing phai lfi ft, vdi 2.800 ngfldi d Nam KJ nfim 1917 vfi 1.747 ngfldi d Trung KJ nfim 1916 (26) Ndi tdm Iai, nhflng nfim diu thfi ky XX, dd phye vy cho cufic khai thac cd quy mfi ldn Iln thfl nhfit ve kinh te, ngudi Phap da cfi^ gfing dfla mfit sfi yfiu tfi' cua nfin y hpe hi$n d^i vfio Vifit Nam nfii rieng, Ddng Dfldng ndi chung Tuy nhifin, dfi cung mdi chi Ifi nhflng "cfi" ging" bfldc diu vfi cflng ehi mdi nhim phye vy cho gidi thflc dfin d Dflng Dfldng lfi chfnh Dfing dao dSn chung thufic dia chfla dflpc tifip cfin nhflng dieh vy y tfi hifin d^i dd, vific chfla bfinh eua hp vfin chi dya vfio y hoc cd truyfin hay cdn gpi lfi Dfing y lfi chfnh (Xem tiip trang 23} Ctfng tfie dao >9o gi6o vlto phuang hudng 1964 • 1965 eda Sd Oido dye Phflng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic (24) Tfl'ng hpp tcr: Hfi sd atf 13323: Dif thdo bdo cdo cing tdc gido d\ic mtti/i ndm ctia Khu tif tri ^'^' B&c cua Sd Oido difc Vi^t Bdc tit 1954 din 1965 Phflng UBHCiOT Vift Bfic vfi Hfi ad atf 7132 Dfi dfin (25) Bdo Vift Nam Die lip atf 752, tif ngfiy 18 din ngfiy 24-10-1959, tr (26) Hfi 8d atf 13305: Bdo edo ting kit ndm ndm xiy difng Trudng Trung Ape Su phg,m Vi^t Bdc nhSng nam 1959 • 1964 Phflng UBHCKTT Vift Bfic (29) Hfi ad stf 7123: Bdo cdo dng tde gido d^c ndm 1961 1962 cda Sd gido dijtc Phflng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic (31), (37) Hfl ad stf 13364: Nghi quyit eiia Ban Chip hinh Khu tif tri V'^t Bdc vi phdt triin gido difc nim 1965 -1966 Phdng UBHCKTT Vift Bfic (32) Cv t h i lfi cfi'p vt nhQng nfim 1954 1966, cfic tinh miln nili chUa cd trUdng dfio t^o gifio vifin cfi'p Din nfim hpe 1966 - 1967, TrUdng D^i hpe Su ph^m miln niii mdi dUpc thfinh Ifip dl dfio t^o gifio vifin cfi'p cho cfic tinh miln nui (34) Ting hpp tfl Hfi sd atf 7126: Ki hogch vin d0ng niin, hgc sinh xung phong tinh nguydn tin ldm cdng tdc gido d^c d Tiy Bdc ndm 1962 cda Sd Gido d{ic vfi Hfi ed stf 7094: Bdo edo ikinh tich ba ndm 1958 -1960 cda ngdnh gido di^c Khu tif tri Thdi Mio Phdng UBHCKTT Tfiy Bfic NGirtn PHAP von QUA TRINH DU NHAP Y HOC H I I N DAI (Tiep theo trang 8) CHU THtCH (1) Pierre Brocheux & Daniel Hemery: Indochine la colonisation ambigOe 1858-1954, La Decouverte, Paris, 1995, tr, 152 (2), (3), (4), (5) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907 Sfii Gdn 1908, tr 86 (6) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 & 1907 Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr 286 (7) 'Le problime indochinois" d&n T? Thi Thuy: Din diin cda ngUdi Phdp d Bdc K^ 18841918, sdd, tr, 35 (8) AS, tr 56 (9), (10), (12) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, tr 83, (II) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn, 1908, Annexe tr 103 (13) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 A 1907, Sfii Gon, 1908, Annexe, tr, 225, (14), (16), (17) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gdn 1908, ir 84 (15) Paul Beau: La situation de I'indochine de 1902 d 1907, Sfii Gfln 1908, Annexe, tr 283 (18), (20) Gaide 1931, tr 92, 93 (19), (22), (23) RS tr 5, (21) Indochine Fran9aise 1931, tr 24 (24), (26), (26) Gaide, 1931, tr 238 ... ddng Y khoa Ddng DUOng Cfic tinh dfiu lap cd quan H5 trp Y tfi Qua Nghi djnh ngfiy 30-6-1905, mfit cO rifing: Bic Giang, Hai Dfldng, Hflng Yfin, quan thfldng tryc td chflc Trg giup Y ti Nam Dinh,... dfit Tuy vfiy, vific tly ufi hay each Iy nhfl vfiy khfing dflpc dan chung hfldng flng, bdi tam IJ Io sp Doi vdi bfinh phong, chinh quyfin thufic dia tifin hfinh Ifip cfic trai phong dd cfich ly ngfldi... vfio thufic dja ndn y hoc phfldng Tfiy (Tfiy y) dd hifin d^i hda ndn y hpe ed truydn dfla vfio phfldng phfip chfla bfinh cua Trung Hoa (Dflng y) Vdi nhflng flu didm cua nd, ndn y hpe mdi da dfla