Bài viết nghiên cứu hoạt động của phong trào Minh Tân ở tỉnh Mỹ Tho những năm đầu thế kỷ XX thông qua các hoạt động về ngoại thương, công thương, kinh doanh khách sạn, cuộc vận động thực hiện nếp sóng mới… Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài viết để nắm chi tiết nội dung nghiên cứu.
TU UEU •, plNH CHINH sCf UEU HOAT BdlVG CrA PHOIVG T R A O M I M H TAJV d TiNH MY THO IVHCOVG IVAM DAIJ T H ^ ' KY XX NGUYEN PHtJC NGHlfiP' ^ My Tho, tfl nflm 1908, xufl't hi$n m^t Minh Tfin thye sy lfi cd scl kinh tfli, nOi lifin vJphong trao dfl'u tranh mfii dUpe gpi Ifi lgc, h^i hpp, diln thuytft vfl phfin phfit tfli Phong trflo Minh Tfin (Minh dflc Tfin dfin) li^u, nhfl't Ifl sfich bflo Phan B$i Chfiu Phong trfio nfiy Trfin Chfinh Chitfu gdi tfl nfldc ngofii v l d l tuyfin truyin cho (Gilbert Chitfu) phfit dfing Dfiy lfi sfl ktft phong trfio noi gifla Phong trflo Dfing Du vfl Phong Hoat dfing kinh doanh cua Khach san trao Duy Tfin, chu trUdng cfii each xa hfii, Minh Tan khfi da dang, bao gom: ehfl'n hUng dan tr\ boi dUdng dan khf vfl - Kinh doanh phong ngii va fin utfng: phfit triln cfing thUdng, cgnh tranh vdi tU Theo bfio Lue tlnh tdn vdn, ngfly 30ban Phfip vfl tu ban Hoa kilu nhfim dfinh duoi thflc dan Phfip, gifinh dfic Iflp cho dfi't 1-1908 thi "gid phdng hgng nhOt trgn dim hay 24 gid Id 1,10 dong, hgng nhat mgt nflfic budi trUa Id 0,5 dong; hgng nhi trgn dim Ve cfing thuong, T r i n Chfinh Chitfu vfi hay 24 gid Id 0,8 dong, hgng nhi mgt budi cac nhan vfit chii ehtft cua phong trfio xuc trUa Id 0,4 ddng Trd Id du, nUdc nUa mat tien thfinh Ifip cae cd scl kinh doanh, nhU nUde tdm sgeh se, cam dn tu y, muon dn khach san, hang xUdng, hfii bufin, mdy cdc thi tgi minh" Luc btfy gid, tai My Tho, doi difin vfii ga - Bufin bfin tap hda: xe lfla vfi btfn tfiu lue tinh, efi Khach san Bao Luc tlnh tdn vdn, ngfly 4-10Nam Ky Huynh Dinh Diln, mot nhfin si 1908, dflng quang cfio khfich sgn "eo bdn yeu nude d Go Cfing, lflm chu D l tao dilu kien thuftn ldi eho hogt dflng cua phong trd ngon, nUdc mdm Phu Qud'e dUng ve, trfio, Huynh Dinh Diln da cho Trfin Chfinh chiiu, sdp, savon (xd bdng) vd tgp hoa" • To chflc bilu diln ca nhac tfli tii: Chitfu mUdn khfich sgn nfly Trfin Chfinh Bao Luc tinh tdn van, ngfly 4-10Chieu cho doi ten thfinh "Minh Tdn khdeh sgn", efi lflc fing trfle tiep quan ly, cfi luc'fing 1908, dfing quang cfio tai khfich san vflo giao cho Nguyen Minh Tritft (Ca Tr^n) hofic "mdi budi chiiu ta gid din 10 gid, cd nhgc Nguyin Chanh Sfit quan ly Khfich san tdi ta ca xang, hui ddng thdi ru chgp trdi" TS Dgi hpc Tien Giang 64 Rghien cflu Ljch sir, atf 11.2012 Duyc bitft, hufi dfing lfi cfi dflo, thfli, ru, chfip, trfi'i lfi nhflng di§u hfit cfi tfnh cfleh chuc mflng lyc c6 trinh d$, gifio dye hfldng v l thye nghidp, khfing djnh vj trf kinh ttf cua giai ctfp tu sfin Vi$t Nam • Tfl vfi'n vfi thye hi§n miln phf cfic djeh vy vl phfip luflt: Hogt d$ng kinh doanh ciia cfing ty diln nhfl sau: Bfio Lt^c tinh tdn vdn, ngfiy 19-31908, dfing "ldi Kinh cdo cda dng J B Xudn yiu cdu ddng bdo cd sa chi oan ac thi gdi tha (thu) thudt ddu dudi cho tdi nghe rdi tdi eoi ludt cd hay khdng thi tdi se trd ldi lgi cho md bii't, nhU sa oan ac thi^t, vi theo ludt khdng cd, thi tdi si liiu edng md td eho nhd nadc ro sU oan ac dd md xin Gdi tha tgi Minh Tdn khdeh sgn" - Bfio Lyic tinh tdn van ngfly 13-31908 cho bitft, vi$c dfing tiln cfic p h i n h^n dflyc titfn hfinh n$i thfing nfly; "Thdu Ay nhiit n^i thdng ndy phdi dong cho tdt Cudi thdng thi se rao sdchU vi cd ddng bgc Cdi xin bgn dong bang phdi gia ldi haa, ehd khd giing tri md hU viic ed" Dong thdi, T r i n Chfinh Chitfu eung cho thflnh Iflp "Nam Ky Minh Tdn cdng nghf cfi tru scr dfit tgi khfich san Minh Tfin Dfiy Ifi cfing ty ctf phfin, cfi dilu lfi, cfi vtfn ctf djnh (1.000 dong, tfldng dfldng 25.000 francs) vfii 17 sang Iflp vifin, dfi cfi den sang Ifip vifin lfi ngfldi tinh My Tho, bao gom Trfin Vfin Binh cl lflng LUdng Phu (nay la LUdng Hoa Lac, Chp Ggo), T r i n Quan Xufin d lflng Binh Cfich (nay Ifl Tfin Binh Thanh, Chp Gao), Nguyin Tfl Thflc lflng Dong Sdn (nay Ifl Dong Thanh, Gfi Cfing Tfiy), Dinh Vfln An cl lflng Binh Hfli (nay lfi Song Binh, Chp Gao), Lfi Vfin Thiln cl lfing Kim SOn (Chfiu Thfinh), Lfi Vfin Chflc cl lflng Binh Thanh Dfing (nay Ifl Long Binh, Go Cfing Tfiy), Lfi Vfln Cflu cl lflng Long Hoa (Lfldng Hoa Lgc, Chp Gao), Huynh Dinh Diln ti lfing Thflnh Phtf (thj xa Go Cfing) Vific thfinh Iflp "Nam Ky Minh Tdn cdng nghi" nhfim muc dfch nhfl da ghi Dilu lfi Ifl: "L Ldp lb nghi tgi NamK, Id chi Id d^t, lb savon (xd bdng), thugc da vd pha ly (pha li),., Dgy eon nit An Nam hgc nghi oy", thflc chfi't Ifl nhfim canh tranh vdi tu ban Phfip vfi tu ban Hoa kilu, phfit triln tilu thu cfing nghifip, dflo tgo nguon nhfin • Bfio L^c tlnh tdn vdn, ngfly 9-41908, nhfic lai vi^c kfiu gpi cfie eo dfing ddng tiln ctf phfin vfl ghi thfim "Cd ddng bgc tki ddng tgi Minh Tdn khdeh sgn My Tho hodc Id Nam Trung khdeh sgn Sdi Gbn" - Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, thfing 6-1908, eho bitft: "Minh Tdn cdng nghi dd nhom Dgi hdi hdm ngdy 31 Mai (thdng 5) Nay dd ngp diiu li cho notaire cdu chUng, vdi ngdy naa se rao vd in 3.000 cudn (diiu li) phdt cho cha vi cd hdn, chitng mgt thdng nQa se (khdi) cdn^ - Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ngfly 17-61908, dfla tin, nhfling ngfldi sfing Ifip md Dgi hfii vfl Iflp vi bfing tai Minh Tfin khaeh sgn, efl fing Nguyin Chfinh Chitfu Iflm Ting ly, fing Nguyin Vifin Kilu lfim Chfinh hpi, fing Trfin Quan Xufin lflm Tfl thd Ngofli ra, efin cLt fing phfii vifin nghj sy vfi fing phfii vifin thj sfl Dai hfii d i n g y mua mfit sd dfi't tai lflng Dilu Hda (My Tho) Sd dtft nfiy rpng hdn mfit rafiu vdi gia mSi thflde vufing lfi cfie, tra t i l n m^t di xfiy dflng ed sd san xufi't Ifip tflc Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ngfiy 4-71908, eho bitft: "ddt dd mua gdn xong, Id gdn cdt Dd phdi ngudi Tonkin (Bae l^) md hgc edeh thac ldm hop quet cdng mUdn thdy thg Bgc thdu vd ngdy hdm gdn 9.000 ding, cbn nhiiu vi chUa ddng bgc Ijoat dpng ciia phong teho Minh Tte kdn thi xin rdng md dong cho mau, vi it ldu ddy cdng ty cdn ditng ldm" - Bao Lue tinh tdn vdn, ngfly 23-71908, dflng ldi rao cua cfing ty Ifl dfl mua dfl't cua fing de Balmann g i n cfiu sfit My Tho, ngang rap hfit Tfl Lfii vfi titfn hflnh giai toa mfit bfing: "cut xin vi ndo cd md md tgi dd phdi ddi di chd khdc ddng cdng ty lo cdt Id ddu vd savon Hgn ba thdng, nhU khdng chiu ddi thi se xin phep quan md ddi chung vdo nghia dia eua ldng" Ding thdi, cfing ty cung cho bitft, se nfi'u dfiu dfla, trfldc dl bfin, sau d l lfim savon; vfi bfit d i u tuyin efing nhfin vfii lUdng thfing 50 dong, tUdng dfldng 125 francs, eho nhflng bitft nfi'u dfiu dfla hoflc bitft cfich Iflm savon NhQng ngudi cfi p h i n hfln, mutfn cho hpc hai nghe fl'y thi gdi ddn vfl ly ljch eiia dfla tre cho cfing ty - Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ngfly 6-81908, dfing ldi gpi "ddu gid mUdn trdng tre rdo ttdt cua cdng ty mdi mua vd ddp nin nhd lb ddu, lb savon vd nhd hgc viic" - Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, ngfiy 13-81908, loan tin cong ty da tim dUdc t h i y , thp lam savon vfl se nhfim hpp hoi nghi co dfing d l dinh vific xay cfi't Io san xufi't savon Tfi'ng ly Trfin Chfinh Chitfu thfing hao cho eae c l dfing, ntfu cfi mutfn hpc nghe thi gdi den, thdi han hpc la nflm Cfing ty dai thp fin d, cha me lo phfin qufin ao, mflng men Ntfu hpc gioi, hoe vien se dUpe hfldng lUdng thfing, ngUdc lgi, ntfu khong sieng nfing, vfi ky luat thi se bj tra v l gia dinh Sau thfinh nghl, hpc vifin phai phuc vy cho cfing ty thdi h a n nfim Trong thdi gian hgc n g h l , hpc vifin dUpc hpc ky thuflt, sang tfl gid dtfn 10 gid, chilu tfl gid dtfn gid, thdi gian eon lgi ngfly thi hpc chfl Quoe ngfl, chfl Phap vfl toan Ngfiy thfl Nflm vfl Chu nhflt thi hpe the thao vfi lfim v0 sinh xfldng san xufl't, phdng hpc vfl nhfi d Hpc vifin theo dgo Thifin Chfla hoflc dgo Phfit, dtfn ngfiy ll dgo, dflyc nghl d l di nhfl thd hay di chfla Mli nflm, hpc vifin dflpc nghi 30 ngfly bai trfldng, 15 ngfiy ttft Nguyfin dfin, 15 ngfly l l Qutfc khfinh nfldc Phfip (14-7) Cfing ty nghifim cfi'm vific trflng phgt hpc vign bfing efich dfinh dfip Ntfu hpc vifin nflo vi phgm n$i quy thi cho dflng ngofli cda Idp, roi bflo cho giflm thj dfin dtfn Ting ly dl quytft djnh hlnh thflc ky lu^t - Bfio Lgc tinh tdn vdn, ngfly 20-81908, cho bitft "nhiiu ngudi hun dd gdi dan eho di hgc ldm nghi savon Hgn mgt thdng naa Id khep sd' Cfing ty btf cfio thu mua nguyfin lifiu: "Bon hiiu chiu mua hot du du ddu vd hot bdng vdi Lue ehdu cd thi nin gdi thd din md thUdng nghi, cdn khdng cd thi nin trong, bo ddt ldm chi cho udng Kiim hot vdi bay, nd cdng mgc nhu chai" ' Bfio Lue tinh tdn vdn, ngfiy 3-91908, dflng tin cong ty se "thu mua 100.000 trdi daa khd di ldm savon, cd thi dem din bdn" Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, 5-91908, tudng thuflt vific cfing ty md hpi nghj CO dfing Tai hfii nghi Ting ly Trfin Chfinh Chieu d l nghi chi 1.000 dong "dgng mua bin Tdy vi md bdn, nhOng Id gidy bdng, tagng son thuy " Sau dfi, Chfinh chu hpi Nguyin Vifin Kilu mdi nhiing ngUdi dU hoi nghi dtfn xem vific xay dflng xfldng san xufi't TrUdc hfii nghj btf mge, fing Tfi'ng ly tfing moi ngUdi cue savon cfing ty san xufl't thfl nghifim "ddng dem ve md xdi thU, tdi xdu se dem ldi ludn ciia cdc dng ddng trin Lue tlnh tdn vdn" - Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, 10-91908, dfing quang cfio trgn hai trang Idn vl Savon hifiu Con Vjt cfing ty sfin xufi't: 66 "Tdt hdn cua eh^c (Hoa kHu) ldm, bdn nhiiu: hgng nhOt, 100 kilos gid Id 20 ddng hgng nhi, 100 kilos gid Id IS ddng, hgng ba, 100 kilos gid Id 10 ddng Bdn gid ri ldm: hgng nhOt, m^t cyLC 200 grammes chiim (4 xu), hgng nhi, m^t ci^c chiim, hgng ba, mdt c^c chiim" Dfing thdi, kfiu gpi bfl nfin mua hflng ciia cfing ty ngUdi Vi$t thflnh Itfp: "bgn ddng bang phdi rdn gidp cho nin vi^e" - Bfio Li^c tlnh tdn v&n, ngfly 22-101908, cho bitft mfit hflng xfl bfing ciia COng ty Minh Tfin sfin xutft dgt chtft luyng ttft, du sflc cgnh tranh mflt hflng cflng logi tfl san ngudi Hoa sfin xufl't Dilu nfiy giflp cho ngudi tifiu dflng duyc hudng lyi; "TH ngdy cd savon Minh Tdn Id bdn gid ri, thi savon cdc Khdeh (Hoa kiiu) edng h^ gid theo, nin cdng ty h^ gid bdn cho cdc dgi ly hdn, hogc mua ta 100 kilos sdp Hn cdng nhd dupe" Hudng ctng phong trflo Minh Tfin, d My Tho cfi mfit stf ngUdi hyp tfic vdi thflnh lap "Minh Tdn tuc mi tdng cu^c" Dfiy Ifl efing ty c l phfin bufin bfin thfic gao nhfim cgnh tranh thfldng mfli vdi tU san mgi ban Hoa kilu vfi tu sfin Phfip vi^e kinh doanh vfl xutft khtfu thfic ggo + Muc dfch nfly duyc t h l hifin qua efic "ldi rao" sau dfly; Ldi rao ciia 12 ngfldi khdi xfldng thflnh Iflp "Minh Tfln tdc mfi t i n g cu$c" dflng trfin Ltte tinh tdn van, ngfly 30-11908; "Nghi budn lua d Nam Ky minh ai cdng biit nghi tha nhOt chdng cdn phdi ndi gidng ddi, md ldu ngUdi minh khdng ldm ddn-g Id tgi tdnh chiu sut c&a dudi Cbn d phUdng Tdy, nhiiu cdi cdng ty hiin cho tdi ngdn ngadi, vdn cdng d&ng tram mudn ddng, hg ldm coi nhu chdi, bdi ed chgn m^t ngudi thdng Rghian cflu Hch ait, atf 11.8018 thgo tdn l&m thdy, kiu Id General manager d^ng bdy bii'u cde vi^c, cbn mudn vdn cho nhiiu naa phdi thi chitn c&i sd biin chung sd bgc minh hdn ddng bao nhiiu cho hang, kiu Id Trust company, thi vay cdng ddng bdng sd dd Bdy gift tht ngadi Trung Qude edng bit chudc rdi dd Cbn ngUdi xa minh chdng ph&i Id cdy dd tUifng hinh nin khdng ldm ehi hit, chung tdi quyit lac ngUdi ddng chi bgn ddng bdo minh md kiu ggi, dng ndo, b& n&o biit viic tdn thi hdy tham gia" • Ldi rao ciia Phgm Ngpc Tiiy, ty Hufi Dudng, d lflng Kim Sdn, t i n g Lyi Trudng dfing trfin L\ic tlnh tdn v&n, ngfly 13-21908, nhu sau; "Trong xui Nam ky ta thi tdi tudng chdc viic Ida ggo Id phdn ldi thd nhat, vi dd nhiiu m& lgi tdu cdc nUdc tM lui hodi, khdng ndo ngdt bin Cbn ngudi Thanh thUdng (thUdng gia Hoa kiiu) thi thdi ldp ti4m n&y hdng xd ta cd trin hai tr&m cdi md mua Ida vd trS lua Tdi thi4t ldy l&m tdi thdm m& rdi luy khdng biit Id dudng n&o vi xa ta chdng phdi Id khdng cd ngudi khdn ngoan m& lgi chiu thua Slit nha o