CÁC CHUỖI PHẢN ỨNG hóa học

Các ch̉i phản ứng BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKAN o t Na − O − C − CH − C − O − Na + NaOH  → CH + Na2CO3 P P O O o + CaO ,t CH 3COOH + NaOH  → CH + Na2CO3 + H 2O Al4C3 + 12 H 2O  → 3CH + Al ( OH ) 3 Al4C3 + 12 HCl  → 3CH + AlCl3 Al4C3 + H SO4  → 3CH + Al2 ( SO4 ) o Cracking ,t C3 H  → CH + C2 H o 300 C C + H  → CH vikhuan CO2 + H  → CH + H 2O o Ni ,250 C CO + 3H  → CH + H 2O o CaO ,t CH 3COONa + NaOH  → CH + Na2CO3 o 1500 C 2CH  → C2 H + H làm lanh nhanh 10 HgSO4 C2 H + H 2O  → CH CHO o 80 C 11 Ni CH 3CHO + H  → C2 H 5OH to 12 Al2O3 2C2 H 5OH  → C4 H + H O + H ↑ 450o C 13 Ni C4 H + H  → C4 H 10 to 14 Cracking C4 H10  → C3 H + CH CH − CH = CH + HOH  → CH − CH − CH | OH 15 16 dpdd 2CH 3COONa + H 2O → C2 H + 2CO2 + NaOH + H ↑ có vách ngan 17 18 19 20 21 ánh sáng C2 H + Cl2 → C2 H 5Cl + HCl C2 H 5Cl + Na + ClC2 H  → C4 H10 + NaCl Cracking C4 H10  → C3 H + CH Các oxit cua nito CH + O2  → HCHO + H 2O 600o C NH HCHO + Ag 2O  → CO2 + H 2O + Ag ↓ o t C3 H Cl + NaOH loãng  → C3 H 7OH + NaCl 22 o t C3 H 7OH + CuO  → CH − CH − CHO + Cu + H 2O 23 24 Mn2+ CH − CH − CHO + O2  → CH − CH − COOH 25 H SO4 ( d ) CH − CH − CH 2OH  → CH − CH = CH + H 2O 180o C CH − CH = CH + HCl  → CH − CH − CH | Cl 26 27 o t CH − CH − CH + NaOH loãng  → CH − CH − CH + NaCl | | Cl OH 28 o t CH − CH − CH + CuO  → CH − C − CH + Cu + H 2O | P OH O 29 30 31 Cracking C5 H12  → C3 H16 + C2 H    ÷ xt ,t o  nCH − CH = CH  → − CH − CH − ÷ |  ÷  CH ÷  n    ÷ Dehidro CH − CH − CH − CH →  CH = C − CH = CH ÷ + 2H | |  ÷  ÷ CH CH  n 32    ÷ xt ,t o nCH = C − CH = CH  →  −CH − C = CH − CH − ÷ p | |  ÷  ÷ CH CH  n 33 Dehidro CH − CH − CH − CH → CH − C = CH − CH + H | | CH CH 34  CH   ÷ | xt ,t o nCH − C = CH  →  − C − CH − ÷ p | | | |  ÷  CH CH ÷ CH CH   n BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKIEN o t HO − CH − CH − COONa + NaOH  → CH − CH − OH + Na2CO3 Al2O3 2C2 H 5OH  → CH = CH − CH = CH + H 2O + H 450o C CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH − CH = CH | | Br Br hay CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH = CH − CH | | Br Br CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH − CH − CH | | | | Br Br Br Br Na nCH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → [ −CH − CH = CH − CH − ] n Pd CH = CH − C ≡ CH + H  → CH = CH − CH = CH CuCl , NH 4Cl 2CH ≡ CH   → CH = CH − C ≡ CH Phương trình 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 bạn tự viết H → nC6 H12O6 ( C6 H10O5 ) n + nH 2O  + 14 15 16 men ruou C6 H12O6  → 2C2 H 5OH + 2CO2 Al2O3 2C2 H 5OH  → CH = CH − CH = CH + H 2O + H ↑ 450o C 17 Na nCH = CH − CH = CH  → [ −CH − CH = CH − CH − ] n to 18    ÷ to , p nCH = CH   →  −CH = CH − ÷ xt | |  ÷  CH = CH CH = CH ÷  n 19 dpdd 2CH = CH − COONa + H 2O  → CH = CH − CH = CH + NaOH + 2CO2 ↑ + H ↑ 20 cong 1,2 CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH − CH = CH | | Br Br Theo tỉ lệ : cong 1,4 CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH = CH − CH | | Br Br Theo tỉ lệ : CH = CH − CH = CH + Br2  → CH − CH = CH − CH Theo tỉ lệ : | | | | Br Br Br Br 21 CH − CH − CH − CH  → CH = C − CH = CH + 2H | | CH CH 22    ÷ to , p nCH = C − CH = CH   →  −CH − C = CH − CH − ÷ xt | |  ÷  ÷ CH CH  n 23 Cl     |  ÷  ÷  −CH − C = CH − CH − ÷ + nHCl  →  −CH − C − CH − CH − ÷ | |  ÷  ÷  ÷  ÷ CH CH  n  n 24 Cracking C5 H12  → C3 H + C2 H 25    ÷ nCH − CH = CH  →  − CH − CH − ÷ |  ÷  CH ÷  n BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKIN O O P P voi toi Na − O − C − C − O − Na + NaOH  → H + Na2CO3 to o 3000 C 2C + H  → C2 H CuCl2 , NH 4Cl 2C2 H  → CH = CH − C ≡ CH 100o C Pd C2 H + H  → C2 H H SO4 ( d ) C2 H 5OH  → C H + H 2O 180o C Ni CH 3CHO + H  → C2 H 5OH HgSO4 C2 H + H 2O  → CH 3CHO 80o C ddKMnO4 C2 H + [ O ]  → HOOC − COOH Hoaëc 3C2 H + KMnO4 + H 2O  → ( COOH ) + 8MnO2 + 8KOH CH ≡ CH + HCl  → CH − CHCl2 10 11 KOH / ruou CH − CHCl2 → CH ≡ CH + HCl AgC ≡ CAg + HCl  → HC ≡ CH + AgCl ↓ NH HC ≡ CH + Ag 2O  → AgC ≡ CAg + H 2O 12 Hoaëc + HC ≡ CH +  Ag ( NH )  OH −  → AgC ≡ CAg + NH + H 2O o 13 600 C 2C2 H  → C6 H C 14 làm lanh nhanh 2CH  → C2 H + 3H 1500o C o 15 t C2 H Br4 + Zn  → C2 H ↑ +2ZnBr2 16 HgSO4 CH ≡ CH + H 2O  → CH 3CHO 60 −80o C 17 Mn 2+ CH 3CHO + O2  → CH 3COOH 18 19 CH 3COOH + CH ≡ CH  → CH 3COOCH = CH    ÷ to , p nCH 3COOCH = CH  →  − CH − CH − ÷ |  ÷  OCOCH ÷  n 20      ÷  ÷  − CH − CH − ÷ + nNaOH  → nCH 3COONa +  − CH − CH − ÷ | |  ÷  ÷  OH ÷  OCOCH ÷  n  n o 21 900 C CaCO3  → CaO + CO2 2000o C 22 23 CaO + 3C → CaC2 + CO CaC2 + H 2O  → C2 H + Ca ( OH ) Hoaëc 24 CaC2 + H +  → C2 H + Ca 2+ CuCl2 , NH 4Cl 2C2 H  → CH = CH − C ≡ CH 100o C o t Al + 3C  → Al4C3 Al4C3 + H SO4  → 3CH + Al2 ( SO4 ) Al2 ( SO4 ) + NaOH vùa du  → Al ( OH ) ↓ +3Na2 SO4 NaAlO2 + H 2O ‡ˆ ˆ† ˆˆ NaOH + Al ( OH ) Al + HCl  → AlCl3 + 3H AlCl3 + 3NH + 3H 2O  → Al ( OH ) ↓ +3NH 4Cl Al ( OH )  → Al2O3 + 3H 2O Al2O3 + NaOH  → NaAlO2 + H 2O to o 10 11 12 t Al + 3S  → Al2 S3 Al2 S3 + H 2O  → Al ( OH ) ↓ +3H S ↑ Al ( OH ) + Ba ( OH )  → Ba ( AlO2 ) + H 2O 13 Al + Ba ( OH ) + H 2O  → Ba ( AlO2 ) + 3H ↑ 14 to Al + O2  → Al2O3 15 dpnc Al2O3 → Al + O2 Na3 AlF6 16 Al2O3 + Ba ( OH )  → Ba ( AlO2 ) + H 2O 17 Al + NaOH + H 2O  → NaAlO2 + 3H 18 dpnc Al2O3 → Al + O2 Na3 AlF6 19 20 Al + Ca ( OH ) + H 2O  → Ca ( AlO2 ) + 3H ↑ Ca ( AlO2 ) + HCl + H 2O  → Al ( OH ) ↓ +CaCl2 21 Al ( OH ) + 3HCl  → AlCl3 + 3H 2O 22 AlCl3 + AgNO3  → Al ( NO3 ) + AgCl ↓ 23 3Mg + AlCl3  → Al + 3MgCl2 24 t Zn + O2  → 2ZnO o to Hoaëc 25 26 27 Zn + H 2O  → ZnO + H ↑ ZnO + NaOH  → Na2 ZnO2 + H 2O Na2 ZnO2 + HClvùa du  → Zn ( OH ) ↓ +2 NaCl 28 Zn ( OH ) + NH  →  Zn ( NH )  ( OH ) 29 Zn + NaOH  → Na2 ZnO2 + H ↑ 30 Zn + NH 4OH  →  Zn ( NH )  ( OH ) + H ↑ +2 H 2O 31 t 4Cr + 3O2  → 2Cr2O3 32 Cr2O3 + NaOH  → NaCrO2 + H 2O o 33 34 NaCrO2 + CO2 + H 2O  → Cr ( OH ) ↓ + NaHCO3 t 2Cr ( OH )  → Cr2O3 + 3H 2O o 35 o 36 t Cr2O3 + Al  → Al2O3 + 2Cr 37 Cr ( OH ) + 3HCl  → CrCl3 + 3H 2O 38 t 2Cr + 3Cl2  → 2CrCl3 o BÀI TẬP VỀ SẮT VÀ ÑOÀNG o 500 C Fe2O3 + H  → FeO + H 2O o Hoaëc 500 C Fe2O3 + CO  → FeO + CO2 o t FeO + O2  → Fe2O3 o t 3Fe2O3 + CO  → Fe3O4 + CO2 t Fe3O4 + CO  → 3FeO + CO2 Fe3O4 + 8HCl  → FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H 2O o Hoaëc Fe3O4 + H SO4loãng  → FeSO4 + Fe2 ( SO4 ) + H 2O 3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3  → Fe ( NO3 ) + NO + 14 H 2O Fe + O2 + nH 2O  → Fe2O3 nH 2O t Fe2O3 + 3H  → Fe + 3H 2O o o Hoaëc t Fe2O3 + 3CO  → Fe + 3CO2 ↑ o Hoaëc t Fe2O3 + Al  → Fe + Al2O3 o t FeO + H  → Fe + H 2O o Hoaëc t FeO + CO  → Fe + CO2 Hoaëc t 3FeO + Al  → 3Fe + Al2O3 o o 10 >570 C Fe + H 2O → FeO + H 11 Fe2O3 + HCl  → FeCl3 + 3H 2O Hoaëc Hoaëc Fe2O3 + 3H SO4  → Fe2 ( SO4 ) + 3H 2O Fe2O3 + HNO3  → Fe ( NO3 ) + 3H 2O t Fe ( OH )  → Fe2O3 + 3H 2O o 12 13 Fe3+ + 3K  Fe ( CN )   → Fe4  Fe ( CN )  + 12 K + 14 15 16 Fe ( OH ) + 3HCl  → FeCl3 + 3H 2O Fe3+ + 3OH −  → Fe ( OH ) ↓ Fe ( OH ) + O2 + H 2O  → Fe ( OH ) ↓ FeCl2 + Cl2  → FeCl3 17 Hoaëc 3Fe ( NO3 ) + HNO3loãng  → 3Fe ( NO3 ) + NO ↑ +2 H 2O Hoaëc t FeSO4 + H SO4 ( d )  → Fe2 ( SO4 ) + SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O o Hoaëc 10 FeSO4 + KMnO4 + 8H SO4  → 5Fe2 ( SO4 )3 + K SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H 2O Hoaëc FeSO4 + K 2Cr2O7 + H SO4  → 3Fe2 ( SO4 )3 + K SO4 + Cr2 ( SO4 ) + H 2O 18 FeCl3 + Cu  → FeCl2 + CuCl2 Hoaëc FeCl3 + KI  → FeCl2 + KCl + I Hoaëc FeCl3 + H S  → FeCl2 + HCl + S 19 20 21 Fe ( OH ) + HCl  → FeCl2 + 2H 2O Fe 2+ + 2OH −  → Fe ( OH ) ↓ 3Fe 2+ + K  Fe ( CN )   → Fe3  Fe ( CN )  + K + t Fe ( OH )  → FeO + H 2O khơng có khơng khí o 22 23 FeO + HCl  → FeCl2 + H 2O Hoaëc FeO + H SO4loãng  → FeSO4 + H 2O o 24 25 t FeS + 11O2  → Fe2O3 + 8SO2 Cu + HCl + O2  → CuCl2 + H 2O Hoaëc Cu + HgCl2  → CuCl2 + Hg 26 to Cu + O2  → CuO 27 CuO + HCl  → CuCl2 + H 2O o 28 t Cu + H SO4 (d )  → CuSO4 + SO2 + H 2O 29 CuSO4 + BaCl2  → BaSO4 ↓ +CuCl2 30 31 32 33 CuCl2 + NH  → Cu ( NH ) Cl2 CuSO4 + NaOH  → Cu ( OH ) + Na2 SO4 Cu ( OH ) + HCl  → CuCl2 + H 2O Cu ( OH ) + NH  → Cu ( NH )  ( OH ) BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÓM HALOGEN o t HCl  → H + Cl2 Hoaëc 2HCl + O3  → Cl2 + O2 + H 2O Hoaëc HCl + Na2O2  → NaCl + Cl2 + H 2O Hoaëc HCl + PbO2  → PbCl2 + Cl2 + H 2O Cl2 + H  → HCl KMnO4 + 16 HCl  → 5Cl2 + KCl + MnCl2 + H 2O K 2Cr2O7 + 14 HCl  → 3Cl2 + 2CrCl3 + KCl + H 2O 400 C HCl + O2  → 2Cl2 + H 2O MnO2 + HCl  → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H 2O o Hoaëc KCl + H SO4 + MnO2  → K SO4 + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H 2O o t Fe + 3Cl2  → FeCl3 FeCl3 + Fe  → 3FeCl2 Hoaëc FeCl3 + Cu  → CuCl2 + FeCl2 FeCl2 + Cl2  → FeCl3 10 Cl2 + KOH  → KCl + KClO + H 2O o 11 t 3KClO  → KCl + KClO3 o 12 t , MnO2 KClO3  → KCl + 3O2 o 13 t 3Cl2 + KOH dd  → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H 2O Hoaëc 14 diên phân KCl + 3H 2O  → KClO3 + 3H ↑ có xúc tác dpnc CaCl2  → Ca + Cl2 Hoaëc dpdd CaCl2 + H 2O  → H ↑ +Ca ( OH ) + Cl2 ↑ t Ca ( ClO )  → CaCl2 + O2 o 15 16 Cl2 + 2Ca ( OH )  → CaCl2 + Ca ( ClO ) + H 2O 17 dpnc KCl  → K + Cl2 Hoaëc dpdd KCl + H 2O  → KOH + H + Cl2 có màng ngan 18 Cl2 + NaBr  → NaCl + Br2 19 Br2 + NaI  → NaBr + I to 20 Fe + 3Cl2  → FeCl3 21 FeCl3 + 3Ba ( OH )  → 3BaCl2 + Fe ( OH ) ↓ 22 BaCl2 + Na2 SO4  → BaSO4 ↓ +2 NaCl 23 dpnc NaCl  → Na + Cl2 Hoaëc dpdd NaCl + H 2O  → NaOH + H + Cl2 có màng ngan o 24 t 3Cl2 + KOH dd  → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H 2O o 25 t KClO3  → KCl + 3O2 MnO2 26 Cl2 + KI  → KCl + I 27 H + I ‡ˆ ˆ† ˆˆ HI 28 HI + Cl2  → HCl + I 29 HCl + KOH  → KCl + H 2O 30 dpnc KCl  → K + Cl2 Hoaëc 31 dpdd KCl + H 2O  → KOH + H + Cl2 có màng ngan 4Cl2 + H S + H 2O  → H SO4 + 8HCl BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÓM OXI - LƯU HUỲNH o t S + H  → H 2S t S + O2  → SO2 SO2 + H S  → H 2O + 3S ↓ SO2 + Br2 + H 2O  → H SO4 + 2HBr Fe + S  → FeS FeS + H SO4  → FeSO4 + H S o Hoaëc FeS + HBr  → H S + FeBr2 FeS + 11O2  → 8SO2 + Fe2O3 VO SO2 + O2 ‡ˆ ˆˆ400ˆ2ˆo5ˆ† ˆˆ SO3 C SO2 + Cl2 + H 2O  → HCl + H SO4 10 SO3 + H 2O  → H SO4 11 H SO4 dd + S  → 3SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O Hoaëc H SO4 + H S  → SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O + S ↓ Hoaëc H SO4 dd + Cu  → CuSO4 + SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O o Hoaëc t H SO4 dd + C  → CO2 + 2SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O o Hoaëc 12 13 t H SO4 dd + P  → H PO4 + 5SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O SO2 + NaOH  → Na2 SO3 + H 2O Na2 SO3 + KMnO4 + H 2O  → MnO2 + 3Na2 SO4 + KOH Hoaëc Na2 SO3 + H SO4  → Na2 SO4 + H 2O + SO2 ↑ Hoaëc t Na2 SO3  → Na2 S + 3Na2 SO4 o 14 Na2 SO4 + BaCl2  → NaCl + BaSO4 ↓ 15 NaCl + AgNO3  → NaNO3 + AgCl ↓ 16 FeS + HCl  → H S ↑ + FeCl2 17 H S + 4Cl2 + H 2O  → H SO4 + 8HCl HCl + MnO2  → MnCl2 + Cl2 ↑ +2 H 2O 18 Hoaëc 16 HCl + KMnO4  → 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + KCl + 8H 2O Hoaëc 14 HCl + K 2Cr2O7  → 3Cl2 + 2CrCl3 + KCl + H 2O o 19 20 t 3Cl2 + KOH dd  → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H 2O MnO2 KClO3  → KCl + 3O2 ↑ to 21 FeS + HCl  → FeCl2 + H S ↑ 22 H S + Cl2  → S ↓ +2 HCl Hoaëc H SO4 + H S  → SO2 + H 2O + S ↓ 23 H S + 4Cl2 + H 2O  → H SO4 + 8HCl 24 H S + H SO4  → SO2 + H 2O + S ↓ Hoaëc H S + 3O2  → 2SO2 + H 2O 25 S + HNO3dd  → H SO4 + NO2 ↑ +2 H 2O 26 NO2 + H 2O  → HNO3 + NO Hoaëc NO2 + H 2O + O2  → HNO3 o 27 t H SO4 dd + Cu  → CuSO4 + SO2 ↑ +2 H 2O Hoaëc H SO4 + CuO  → H 2O + CuSO4 Hoaëc H SO4 + Cu (OH )  → CuSO4 + H 2O 28 CuSO4 + Ba ( NO3 )  → BaSO4 ↓ +Cu ( NO3 ) 29 to Cu ( NO3 )  → CuO + NO2 ↑ + O2 ↑ 30 SO2 + Br2 + H 2O  → H SO4 + HBr BÀI TẬP VỀ NITƠ VÀ PHOTPHO NO2 + O2 + H 2O  → HNO3 HNO3 + 3P + H 2O  → 3H PO4 + NO ↑ 3Ca + H PO4  → Ca3 ( PO4 ) + 3H ↑ Ca3 ( PO4 ) + H SO4  → 2CaSO4 ↓ +Ca ( H PO4 ) Hoaëc Ca3 ( PO4 ) + +4 H PO4  → 3Ca ( H PO4 ) o t NH NO3 + H SO4 (d )  →( NH ) SO4 + HNO3 o 200 C NH NO3  → N + O2 + H 2O o t NH NO3 + NaOH  → NaNO3 + NH ↑ + H 2O o 850 C NH + 5O2  → NO + H 2O Pt , t o NH + 3O2  → N + H 2O o 10 3000 C N + O2 ‡ˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ †ˆˆ NO 11 NO + O2 ‡ˆ ˆ† ˆˆ NO2 12 NO2 + H 2O  → HNO3 + NO Hoaëc 13 NO2 + O2 + H 2O  → HNO3 10 Al + 36 HNO3  →10 Al ( NO3 ) + 3N + 18H 2O o 14 400 C N + H ‡ˆ ˆˆ ˆFe ˆ ˆ† ˆˆ NH 15 NH + 3O2  → N + H 2O o 16 17 850 C NH + 5O2  → NO + H 2O Pt NH + H 2O  → NH 4OH to 18 NH 4OH  → NH + H 2O 19 NH 4OH + HCl  → NH 4Cl + H 2O o 20 t NH 4Cl + NaOH  → NaCl + NH ↑ + H 2O 21 NH + HNO3  → NH NO3 22 350o C NH NO3  → N + O2 + H 2O 23 200 C NH NO3  → N 2O + H 2O 24 ˆˆ NO N + O2 ‡ˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ † 25 NO + O2 ‡ˆ ˆ† ˆˆ NO2 26 NO2 + H 2O  → HNO3 + NO 27 Cu + HNO3dd  → Cu ( NO3 ) + NO2 + H 2O o 3000o C Hoaëc Al + HNO3  → Al ( NO3 )3 + 3NO2 + 3H 2O 28 HNO3 + Cu (OH )  → Cu ( NO3 ) + H 2O 29 Cu ( NO3 ) + KOH  → Cu (OH ) ↓ +2 KNO3 30 to KNO3  → KNO2 + O2 31 NO2 + KOH  → KNO3 + KNO2 + H 2O ... → C2 H 5Cl + HCl C2 H 5Cl + Na + ClC2 H  → C4 H10 + NaCl Cracking C4 H10  → C3 H + CH Các oxit cua nito CH + O2  → HCHO + H 2O 600o C NH HCHO + Ag 2O  → CO2 + H 2O + Ag ↓ o t... H 2O t HCOONa  → HCHO + Na2CO3 o xt HCHO  → CH − CHO | OH Ca ( OH ) HCHO  → C6 H12O6 10 Các oxit nito CH + O2 → HCHO + H 2O 600o C 11 C2 H − Cl + Na + Cl − C2 H  → C4 H10 + NaCl