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Hau hd't cdc doanh nghidp tten deu tiiupc nhdm doanh nghidp vifa va nhd, ttff cac doanh nghiep qud'c doanh va cd phan cd quy md tu'dng dd'i Idn (tif 100 - 300 nhan vien), so' con lai [r]
(1)TAP CHJ CONG THIftfNG
DAO TAO VA PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LtfC LOGISTICS TAI VIET NAM
TlJ NAY DEN NAM 2025
• LE VA XI - TRAN VAN NGQC
TOM TAT:
Theo Hiep hoi Doanh nghiep dich vu logistics Viet Nam (VLA), long chi phi logistisc ciia Viet Nam nam 2016 la 40,3 ty USD, tifdng difdng 20% GDP Tuy nhidn, ddng gdp t^ ngSnh dich vu logistics vao GDP ehi khodng 2%-3% Mdt sd' nhiJng ban chg" cua nganh la ngudn nhan life cdn chifa qua dao tao bai ban va cdn thieu, yeu, chifa dap tfug difdc yeu c^u Bdi vid't tap trung phan tich vi thifc tiang d&o tao va phdt tri^n nguon nhan life logistics tai Vidt Nam ti^ d^n ndm 2025
Tit khda: Dao tao, phdt tri^n ngu6n nhSn life logistics
1 Thu'c trang nguon nhan li^c nganh logistics Vidt Nam
Cd the tha'y ngu6n nhan life nganh logistics Viet Nam hien cdn ye'u va thie'u hut ve ea so' lifdng va cha't lifdng Tuy da phat trien dich vu 3PL nhu'ng nam gan day, nhifng phan Idn cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cdn cd khoang each Idn vdi cac doanh nghiep nu'dc ngoai ve uy tin tren thtidng tru'dng, dich vu khach hang Mdt nhifng ly dan den tinh ttang dd, ngoai yeu kem ve cdng nghe la trinh tay nghe
HlNH K t i OUR KHAD SAT V t HHONG HAH C H f n e u ^ KHAN li;C NGANH LOGISnCS VI{T NAM
logistics va tinh ehuyen nghiep ciia nguon nhan life nganh thS'p
I.l VesdlU0ig
Theo Vidn Nghien ciJu kinh le va phdt tnen, Tnfdng Dai hpe Kinh te qud'c dan, da sd' cac doanh nghidp logistics cua Viet Nam cd quy md nho so lifdng nhan vien it nang life ban ehe' Trong do, li^m nang va nhu cau dd'i vdi thi difdng logistics ra't Idn, so'lifdng cac doanh nghiep logistics vdi quy mo sieu nhd mdi chi dap iJng difdc mpt phan rat khiem id'ncua thi trifdng
(2)QUAN TR!-QUAN LY
nhan life khdng nhffng la ye'u Id' quye't dinh dd'n tang trifdng kinh td', quye't dinh dd'n phat trien life liTdng san xud't, la dpng life de phat trien kinh te' tri thu'c, la ye'u to' thiic day sif chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh Id' vd tang thu nhap cho ngu'di lao dpng, ma cdn la dpng life hdi nhap kinh id'qud'c Id'trong bdi canh nay, la chia khda cho sif cong ciia doanh nghidp
Thong kd mdi day eua Hiep hpi Doanh nghidp logistics Viet Nam cho thd'y, ca nifdc hien ed khoang 4.000 doanh nghiep tham gia eung cap dich vu logictics, ttong tten 1.300 doanh nghidp logistics dang boat ddng tich cifc, bao gom ca doanh nghiep cd vd'n mfdc ngoai, Cac doanh nghiep cung cap dich vu logistics d Vidt Nam hau bd't la nhffng doanh nghiep nhd va vffa dang boat ddng Ilnhvffc nay, hdn 7.000 nhan vien ehuyen nghidp ttong tdng sd' gan hidu ngu'di boat dpng ITnh vife logistics Hau hd't cdc doanh nghidp tten deu tiiupc nhdm doanh nghidp vifa va nhd, ttff cac doanh nghiep qud'c doanh va cd phan cd quy md tu'dng dd'i Idn (tif 100 - 300 nhan vien), so' lai trung binh tif dffdi 50 nhan vidn nang Iffc canh ttanh va hoat dpng ban che' Cdc cdng ty cung ffng dich vu logistics cd cac ttang thie't bi, phttdng lien, cd sd tang ngheo nan, cdc dich vu cung ffng chu ye'u chi la mua bdn cifdc tau bi^n, cffdc may bay, dai ly khai hai quanvadichvuxe van tdi, mdt sd'khae cd thtfc hidn dich vu kho van nhffng khdng nhieu Cac hoal dpng cung ffng dich vu thieu dong bd, manh mun va quy md nho, mffc cdng nghe chffa theo kip cac mfdc tiong khu vffc nhif Thdi Lan, Trung Qudc va mdi chi ddp ffng dffdc 25% nhu cau cua thj trffdng npi dia Viet Nam
1.2 V$ chat liiffng nguon nhdn lUc logistics Thifc ttang life Iffdng lao ddng ITnh vife dich vu difde tuyen chon dffa trdn mot so'nganh nghe chinh nhff kinh td', tai chinh, giao thong van tai, cong nghd thdng tin va mdi chi dap ffng dffdc 40% nhu cau ve life Iffdng lao ddng cd tay nghe eung nhff chuyen mdn Theo bao cdo, vdng nam tdi, cac doanh nghiep logistics cIn khoang 18.000 nhan vien cd trinh dd chuydn mdn cao va khoang hdn I tridu lao dpng Thffc te' cd khoang 53,3% doanh nghidp logistics thid'u ddi ngu nhan vien CO tnnh dd , 30% cdc doanh nghidp phai dao tao lai nhan vidn va chi cd 6,7% tdng s6' cac doanh nghiep logistics hai long vdi trinh dp chuydn
mdn cua nhdn vidn cdng ty ciia minh Theo Vien Nghien cffu phat tridn phd Ho Chi Minh, hien tai Viet Nam cd de'n 53,3% doanh nghidp difdc khao sat la thid'u dpi ngu nhan vien cd trinh dp chuyen mon va kie'n thffc ve logistics, chi cd mdt ty Id rat nhd 16,7% cac doanh nghiep hai long vi trinh dp chuyen mdn eua nhdn vien, cd tdi 30% DN phai dao tao lai nhan vien sau tuyen dung
Nl)IH2.KftqyJiKHliQSAT Vf CHAT lUDNe M H LUE IOGISTICS TAI VIET NAM
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I DNihieudOlngO nhan vien CIS mnlidO Ghuyennianv^ldentMtcvfiliqtsilGE DN[AJId9ataalalnti»ivien I DNhajICngvfflctuveninUicflaMtanvien
Bdn eanh dd, ngudn nhan life logistics thay vi dffde dao tao tff cac Irffdng dai hpc, cdc hpc vien chuyen ve logistics, da phan lai dffdc dao lao tff nhieu ngudn khac Nhieu can bp quan ly dffdc dao tao va lai dao tao va ehu yd'u tich luy kie'n thffc tff kinh nghiem kinh doanh iff cac chuydn nganh ddo tao khac chuyen sang, vay thid'u bai bdn va chd't Iffdng, hidu qua cdng viec gap nhieu anh hffdng Dpi ngu nhan vidn nghidp vu thffc hien tiffc tie'p cac cdng viec lien quan tdi logistics, phan Idn td't nghidp dai hpc vdi cac chuyen nganh ngoai logistics
Ngudn nhan life hien du'dc dao lao iff nhilu ngudn khac Dpi ngu quan ly dffdc dao lao vd tai dao tao, chii ye'u tich tu kie'n thffc tff thffc tidn kinh nghiem kinh doanh, phong each lanh dao va quan ly chffa ddp ffng dffdc yeu cau Dpi ngu nhan vidn nghidp vu phan Idn td't nghidp dai hpc nbuiig chu yeu tff nhffng chuydn nganh ngoai logistics Lffc Iffdng lao dpng ttife tid'p nhff bd'c vdc, xd'p dd, Idi xe, kid'm ddm hang kho bai thi da sd' cd trinh dp hpc van thap, chffa dffdc ddo tao tac phong 1dm viec chuyen nghidp Trong ngudn nhdn life logistics thi cd de'n 80,26% so' ngffdi boat ddng ttong ITnh vffc hoc tap thong qua cac edng vide hang ngay; 23,6% Iffc Iffdng lao dpng tham gia cdc khda hpc ve logistics d ttong nffdc vd 3,9% tham gia cac khda
(3)TAP CHl GdNC IHIflfNC
dao tao qude te vd logistics (Hinh 3) Mac du ngudn nhan life cd trinh dp ehuydn mdn ban che' nhulig chi cd 6.9% cdc doanh nghiep logistics thue "cdc chuydn gia nifdc ngoai de phuc vu cho boat
ddng cua minh
Hinti 3: TtiUc trang cac phUcfng phap dao tao logistics fgi DN
Nguon: Bdo cdo ciia Bd Giao tliong van tdi ve thuc trang vd plidl triin nguon nhdn lUc ITnh vUc logistics thdng 12/2014
Ngudn nhan lffc cua khu vife dieh vu logistics tai Viet Nam dffdc dao tao tff nhieu ngudn khde nhau, ttong d bac dai hpc, cac trffdng dao tao chuyen nganh logistics hoac sdt vdi chuydn nganh logistics phai ke de'n la: Tnfdng Dai hpc Giao thdng van tai TP Ho Chi Minh Trffdng Dai hoc Hang hai Viet Nam, Trffdng Dai hpc Ngoai thffdng, Trffdng Dai hpc Giao tiidng vdn tai Ha Noi Ngodi ra, cdn Mdt sd nhan life lot nghiep tff cac nganh dao tao khac cua Trffdng Dai hpe Kmh te Qude dan hoac Tnfdng Dai hpc Ha Ndi Tuy nhidn, cac irffdng ndy ehi difa vao giang day mdn hpc van tai va bao hiem ngoai thffdng, chii yeu tap ttung vao giao nhdn va van tai bien
Ben canh do, cd mot sd ttung tam ddo tao ve Ilnh vffc dieh vu Kha nang dao tao cua mdi trung tam vao khoang 50 - 120 hpe vien mdi nam Chffdng trinh dao tao thifdng tdng hdp tff nhieu ngudn khac nhff kinh doanh qud'e td', quan he kinh td'qud'c id', van lai da phffdng thffc Hidn cd trung tam chinh dffdi sff quan ly cua Bp Giao thdng van lai da md khda hoc chuydn nganh ve logistics, dd Id:
- Trffdng Dai hoc Giao thdng van tai TP Ho Chi Mmh: Tuyen sinh bat dau tff nam 2008 vdi hdn 1000 sinh vien, dd'n nam 2018 cd khoang 350 sinh vidn-da td't nghiep chuydn nganh
- Trffdng Dai hpc Hang hai Viet Nam da hdp lac vdi Trffdng Dai hpc Cahfomia (My), nam thff tuyen sinh 120 sinh vien; Chffdng trinh dao tao cu" nhan quan tri logistics, nam thff tuyen sinh 382 sinh vien; Khda hpc ngdn han ve logistics hdp tdc lieu vung sdng Me Kdng thu hut hdn 1000 hpc vien ttong tam nam qua tff nam 2010 de'nnam2018
2 MOt so' de xua't phat trien ngudn nhSn lffc logistics
De phat trien ngudn nhan life logistics, can thffc hidn cd hieu qua mot so'giai phdp nhff sau:
* Giai phdp ddo tao nguon nhdn lUc tif cdc trudng dai hoc, cao ddng
Viet Nam c^n phai ed mpt ngdnh hoc ve logistics/quan tri chudi cung ffng dffdc dao tao chinh quy, bdi ban va cd he thd'ng tai cdc tnfdng dai hpc thi ngudn nhdn lffc mdi dffdc cung ffng mpt cdch ben vffng vd cd chd't lu'dng Do do, de' phuc vu cho muc tieu phat trien ngudn nhdn life ddi ban vd bSn vffng, Bp Giao due va Dao tao can hd ttd cho cac irffdng manh me hdn nffa ttong vide eho phep md nganh hoac trien khai de an nhff Chffdng tnnh tien tie'n thffc hien thdi gian qua
M6l thffc Id' hidn la da cd mpt so' chffdng ttinh dao tao d bac cff nhan, nhffng chifa thu hiit dffdc nhieu sinh vidn thffc sff gidi, vi dau vao dai hpc ciia cdc ttffdng cd chffdng tnnh dao lao logistics chffa cao, nhdm cdc trffdng td'p tren thi lai chffa cd chiTdng ttinh dao tao ve ITnh vffc mpt cdch bdi ban
Ben canh Chffdng ttinh dao tao cff nhan, viec phdt tiien Chffdng trinh dao tao thac sy (thffc hanh) la he't sffe e^n thie't, vi day la ngudn cung ffng chat Iffdng cao cho nganh logistics
* Tdng cudng hap tdc gida cdc bo, ban, ngdnh lien quan tdi dich vu logistics
(4)QUAN TRj-QUAN LV
phan dinh rd kha ndng va ttach nhiem cua mdi bdn tiong chid'n lifdc phat trien logistics ndi chung vd ngudn nhan Iffc ITnh vffc Logistics ndi ridng Bp Giao thdng Van lai can phdi hdp tidn che cung Bd Cdng Thttdng va cac bd, ngdnh, dia phffdng tid'p tuc thffc Men eae giai phdp ddng bd, dd cdgidi phap phat tiidn ngudn nhdn lffc va hdp tac qud'c te
Mat khac, cac bp, ban, nganh cung e^n hdp tdc tien che vdi cac trffdng dai hoc va cdc doanh nghiep, tao moi quan he tffdng tdc qua lai Idn de cd difde sff hd tid can thid't, kd't hdp chat che giffa ddo tao va thffc tidn
Nha ttffdng can ndng cao trinh dp chuydn mdn va phat trien chuydn sau ddi vdi doi ngu giang vien thdng qua dao tao mdi, dao tao lai va bdi dffdng, trau ddi kinh nghiem thife le vd ITnh vifc logistics Nhd irffdng can hoan thidn khung Chttdng trinh dao tao vdi dinh hffdng tie'p can cac Chffdng tnnh dao tao lien tie'n tren the gidi ke't hdp vdi yeu cau thffc lien phat trien ngudn nhan life d Viet Nam, dffa vao cac thdng tin va nhu cau tff doanh nghiep de dao tao ngudn nhan Iffc that hdp ly, can bang ve cung va cau
Ve phia doanh nghidp logistics, can hpp tdc lidn che vdi cdc trffdng dai hpc dd giiip dd cdc ttffdng dai hpc hoan thdnh muc tidu, nhidm vu; luan thu dung theo dinh hffdng eua Nha nffdc, ddng thdi dao tao vd tai dao tao can Bo doanh nghiep de ndng cao trinh do, nghiep vu chuyen mdn; dffa ngudn nhan life ttong logistics ttd ndn cdn bang ve trinh dp
* Phdt huy vai trd cua cdc chuang trinh ddo tao trung vd ngdn han
Cin tie'p tuc phdt huy cac chffdng tiinh dao tao trung va ngan ban dffdc thffc hien bdi cdc vien, trung lam, hiep hdi va cac cong ty dao tao Cdc khda hpc ngan ban ndy ndn lap ttung vao cac mang nghiep vu hoac tac nghiep chuyen bidt phuc vu cho mpt nhiem vu cu thd cua cdng vide hoac dao tao kie'n thffc tdng thd, ndng cao eho can Bp quan ly ca'p trung va cd'p cao cua cac doanh nghidp va Nha nffdc Cac khda hpc nghiep vu se giup hoc vidn ffng dung kie'n thffc vao cdng viec dang dam nhidm ciing nhff gidi thieu tac phong lam vide cd k^ luat va tinh hdp tac cao cua logistics Do vay, cac
khda hpc cd vai trd quan ttpng qud trinh bd sung nhanh ngudn nhdn lffc logistics Cac khda hpc nang cao giiip cdn bp quan ly cd cai nhin tdng quan loan didn ve chudi dich vu ma doanh nghidp minh mong mud'n cung cap, iff dd cd cac bien phap ndng cao chat Iffdng dich vu cua doanh nghidp
* Ddy manh cong tdc tuyin iruyin ve logistics Phdi hdp tien che giffa cdc ed quan qudn ly nha nffdc vdi nhd tnfdng vd doanh nghidp cong tac tuyen truyen, quang bd ve logistics; difa khai niem logistics ttd ndn phd bid'n ttong ngdnh kinh td' ndi rieng vd xa hpi ndi chung
Vd phia Nhd nffdc: Phd bidn va cung cap cdc thong tin ve chinh sach, dffdng Id'i cua Nhd nifdc ttong edng cudc xdy dffng mdt ddi ngu nhdn life cd tnnh dp cao ttong ITnh vffc dich vu iogislics Ben canh viec dffa chinh sdch day manh dao tao ngudn nhan life thi viec tuydn truyen chinh sach dd de'n nhffng td chffe, ca nhan cd nhu cau cung Id dieu he't sffc quan trpng, cho phep ba't cff ca nhan, td chffe nao quan tam ddu cd the tham gia vao chinh sdch ndy, tao hidu qua triet de, tdn dung tdi da difde ngudn nhdn life
Ve phia nha trffdng: Tien hanh tuyen truyen bang nhieu hinh thffc da dang va phong phu, nhff: To chffe hdi thao, chuyen de, cac cupc thi tim hidu vd logistics va cac boat dpng didn khu vifc dich vu logistics; Thffdng xuyen cap nhat cac ban tin logistics tren cac trang didn dan, fanpage ciia tru'dng, khuye'n khich sinh vien tham gia hoe hoi va tim hidu ve nganh dieh vu nhieu tiem ndng
vd phia doanh nghiep: Thffdng xuydn td chffe cac cudc tie'p xuc, trao ddi giffa eae ehuyen gia, nha qudntri logistics chuyen nghidp vdi cac doanh nghiep boat dpng ITnh vffc logistics, cdc doanh nghiep san xua't cd nhu cau cao ve logistics; tdng cffdng td chffe cdc cudc tpa dam, trao ddi ve logistics; mdi cdc chuydn gia, doanh nghidp logistics hdng dau cua nffdc ngoai giao Iffu, hpi thao, hoc hdi, trao ddi kinh nghidm va cap nhat kie'n thffc mdi ve logistics; idng ghep qua cdc idp tap hua'n, tuyen truyen qua cdc phffdng tidn thdng tin nhff: Phdt thanh, truyen hinh, cdng thdng tin didn tff
(5)TAP CHl CONC IHIflfNC
* Ddo tao nguon nhdn lUc logistics tU phia doanh nghiep
Bdn canh sff giup dd ddo lao Iff phia eae hidp hdi, td chffe, cac trffdng dai hoe thi cdc doanh nghiep logistics cung can phai cd nhffng chinh sach ddo tao va xay dffng dp i ngu nhan vien, phat huy difde sffc manh ciia ngudn nhdn lffc doanh nghidp mpt cdch tdi ifti, giiip doanh nghiep phat trien ben vffng va lau dai Mudn vdy, doanh nghidp can ed mpt sd chinh sach thid't thife va chi tid't.cu the
- Cac doanh nghidp ndn thdnh lap hpi ddng tuyen chpn va td chffe tuydn chon ngudn nhdn life cho doanh nghidp minh; sang Ipc va dao thai mot sd can bd, nhdn vidn khdng dap ffng ydu c^u cong viec; bd tri sff dung ngudn nhan life vao cdc phong chuydn mdn theo dung nganh nghe ddo tao va phii hdp vdi ndng lffc cua hp; sodt, ddnh gia lai loan bp dpi ngQ can bp, nhan vien trdn cdc ITnh vffc nhff: Trinh dp, gidi tinh, trinh dao tao; lap Chffdng trinh dao tao, nang cao ttinh dp chuyen mon, nghidp vu vd ky nang cho ngifdi lao dpng
Phat trien trinh chuydn mdn, nghidp vu hoat dpng logistics: Nang cao trinh dp chuyen
mdn, tay nghe, lao didu kidn cho ngffdi lao dpng hoc tap, 1dm viec tich luy kie'n thffc, kinh nghidm tff tiitfe tidn; ffng dung khoa hpe cdng nghe vide thffc hidn cdc quy tnnh, thu tuc hai quan; dao tao vd cdng tdc quan ly doanh nghiep, cap nhat cac chu irffdng, dffdng Id'i, chinh sdch cua Nha nffdc; xac dinh ro muc tidu ddo tao, xdy dttng ke' hoach ddo lao vd phdt trien ngudn nhan life theo ngan ban va trung ban, chpn Iffa diing dd'i tffdng dao tao Ngodi ra, doanh nghiep can dao tao hoac tdi ddo tao Mpt sd ky ndng khac nhff; Ky nang giao tid'p vd tinh todn td't, ky ndng suf dung ngoai n$\X, ky nang sff dung may vi tinh, phdn mdm van phong
- Nang cao nhan thffc ngffdi lao ddng: Xua't phat tff nhu cau phai nang cao nhan thffc cua ngffdi lao ddng dd ddp ffng yeu cau phdt trien ciia doanh nghiep, tao sff chuyen bidn manh me ve nhan thffc dffdc the hien qua thdi dp tich cffc, hanh vi dung dan vdi cong vide va cdc quan he xa hpi khac
- Tao dpng life thiic day ngffdi lao ddng: Tao ddng Iffc thiic day de dat dffdc sff boat dpng tich cffc, gdp ph^n nang cao nang sud't, cha't Iffdng vd hieu qua cdng vide •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 GS TS Ddng Dinh Ddo, Dich vu logistics Viet Nam tien trinh hdi nhdp qudc le(2011); Logistics nhdng vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien d ViSt Nam (2011), NXB Dai hoc Kinh tequdc ddn;
2 GS TS Dodn Thi Hong Vdn Qudn tri logistics (2006), NXB Thdng ke; Logistics • Nhdng van de ca bdn (2010) NXB Lao dongxd Hdi, Dai hoc Kinh teTP Ho Chi Minh;
3 "Bdo cdo Logistics ", FPT, thdng 07/2015 cua tdc gid Ldm Trdn Tdn Siva Phan Nguyen Trung HUng; 4 PGS TS Nguyin NhuTien, 2006, Logistics khd ndng Ung dung vd phdt triin kinh doanh dich vu vdn tdi vd giao nhdn Vi^t Nam, NXB Giao thong van tdi, Hd Ndi;
5 Bdo cdo Logistics Viet Nam 2017; Bd Cdng Thuong, 2017
6 Bdo cdo thuc trang ngdnh logistics thi gidi: Chuan bi cho nhUng chuyin ddi idn (CSCMP); https.V/speedhnk vnTbao-cao-thuc-trang-logistics.html; ngdy 07/01/2016
(6)qUAN TRj-QUANLV
Ngay nhan bai: 5/12/2018
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chiJa: 15/12/2018 Ngay ch&'p nhan dang bai: 25/12/2018
Thdng tin tac gia: ThS LEVA XI ThS TRAN VAN NGOC S9 C5ng Thilomg TP Hai Phong
TRAINING AND DEVELOPING HUMAN RESOURCES FOR LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM FROM NOW UNTIL 2025
• Master LEVA XI • Master TRAN VAN NGOC Department of Industry a n d Trade - Hai Phong City
ABSTRACT:
According to Vietnam Logistics Business Association (VLA), total logistics cost of Vietnam reached 40.3 billion USD in 2016, equivalent to 20% of the countiys GDP However, the contribution fi:om the logistics services to the country's GDP is only about 2% -3% One of the limitations of this industry is that human resources have not been properly trained and cannot meet the industrys requirements This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of training and developing human resources for logistics industry in Vietaam from now until 2025
www.tapchitaichinh.vn; www.customs.gov.vn;