Bài giảng TAI LIEU ON VAO LOP 10

I. CÁC THÌ CĂN BẢN The simple present Công thư ́ c Ca ́ ch du ̀ ng:  !"#$%&'() *Chu ́ y ́  •  #%+,%-%.% /!01!&2,&,!002#342&#44&2&40#2454  The present continuous67 Công thức Cách dùng: ! !" *Chú ý: •  #%+,%-%.% /#12!7 4&42!4#42!&4#8 9 %%! : %; 9   < 0##=20&4 :  > + < ,%+,  ?#&4!4 #1  4%#444@4 &! 44!4!4 !0!7 4&4 • A# : %, B  9 %, < ) > )B! 9 ; 9  < ! #0!  C4! 404!53# 44!4 !&454#D%0#%=  E4 &1!0=#&%##0## #1 • A B ; 9  < 0) 9 =) #@! >  >  : +=; 9 %, <  > F < ) 9 ! 9 ) : 7)B8 9 %, <  %# : ) >  #; 9 &; :   <  9 725F < ) : !, < ) 9 ! 9 ) > !) :  The simple pastG,.=H Công thức Cách dùng: I !.%J #G,.=H *Chú ý:  #%+,%-%.% /4&4 !20!&144=20!&#20!&4! 2!#%.%+  ORDINARY VERB KLKM &N4& O PLK#QN#4&QKM @! 4 O R#N#4&KLKM @! 4 OR TOBE KLK!N&N! 4O PLK!N&N! 4K#O RS&NT 4KLKOR =#1 @40454 4! &44 &400 1& ,4 &! !4 0#54 0=4 1! &#, !54 44 !774! &44 !&4 #1 KL !N&N! 4 MU PL !N&N! 4K# MU RS&NT 4 L MUOR ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG KLKM   N4 O PLKQKM @! 4 O RKLKM @! 4 OR TOBE KLK1!&N14 4O PLK1!&N14 4K#O RC!&NC4 4KLKOR Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Công thứcLK1!&N14 4KM  Cách dùng: I !.%J #G,.=H VC!14 4#,#at 7 o’clock last nightR )B! > ; 9 ! < ; 9 !! >  !F < @ 9 %8 : !@ > ; 9 ! < ; 9 =! : % #G,! : = :  V43!01!&&0447when4!0!%!4 )B! > ! < ; 9 %, < ! >  !&#&# #G,! : = :  VW3!4 1!&1!%M104#04 @ #4 &14 470!54#!4& *Chú ý •  #%+,%-%.%/1421042!& • E! < ; 9 !! >  !!%!F < G,! : = : ) : 7)B%# < ! < ; 9 %8 : !!%! F < G,! : = :  The simple future0! Công thức Cách dùng: &X ! #0! *Chú ý:  #%+,%-%.% /## #12#24O2Y8) 9 ! 9  VW3!0100@,04#,&444!  Thì hiện tại hoàn thành Công thứcLK!54N!&KZZ Cách dùng: ! B ! >  ! #G,! : = : ! < 5+B%# < =4 : #! < ) : ) 9 ! 9 5! <  0! VE#10#!54#,04! 4V0&R , < ) > )B! > ; 9 ! < ; 9 ! >  !; 9 0+ <  #G,! : = :  VS!54&44&30 444& , < ) > )B! > ; 9 ! < ; 9 5 < ! : ! >  ! VL4!&[,&%#4@!%=3 #\LT *Chú ý: #%+,%-%.% /!0 4!2#O42&#3! 2,7##120!402 4%402 &%423# 2454 Thì qua ́ khư ́ hoàn thành Công thứcLK!KZZ Cách dùng: • ! >  !  : %; 9 ! < ; 9 =! : %#8 9 %  : %; 9  < ) >  =! : % #G,! : = :  •  #%+,%# : !; 9 2! < ; 9 ! < #! >  !  : %2!, < F < G,! : = : #! < ! < 2%# <  ! < ; 9 ! < #! >  !&!,2!, < F < G,! : = :  VT34 ?#had washed&%0#4&24began#&, ]4# 4had waited3# #4#, @43# 44@,&came  WILL / SHALL KLK100N&!00KM @! 4 O PLK100N&!00K#KM @! 4 O RC00NL!00KLKM @! 4 OR BE GIONG TO KLK@4##KM @! 4 O PLK@4##K#KM @! 4 O R^4##KLKM @! 4 OR • BEFOREG,! : = : 2G,! : = : #! < ! <  • AFTERG,! : = : #! < ! < 2G,! : = :  • _,! : = : #! < ! < BEFOREG,! : = :  • _,! : = : AFTERG,! : = : #! < ! <  Exercise: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets  S@4!01!&#&,4 E,4  C4###4%4!0!&@4%!,&414@4@,& * L#=@4@!3# #, 4!0 ` E#!7 !%&4&74!=V0&454 ! a b!#!54!4!04!!#0!&# c C4#!54%0!&&4&## #1 d b##=e4%0 4##4 #41# =4&0447 f g,&,!00##&%##0@@=4^,#!&41!0=#&%##0 h b!&144=4#%# 300!%!54## i A4#2V0&4!%4 ##V0!  W@ #4 @,OOOO4!411!%#0!&@ !  C4##OOOO#4%4!0!&@4%!,&414@4OOOO@,& * #  1!%  OOOOM  454     j4&4 !  4  1!%  OOOO  4 !34 ##@4%!,&44 4@4OOOO!4%3##@!00!%#M ` C4#!54%0!&&4&## #1 a C#,0#,0=4&44!#54R c C!#,#0!&144=4R d L4#1!%4045&#454  f &4%4100!=4#,3440@44  h ?###4&# 4@43# 44##4 i ?4!441!&47744&!34 &4%#70444474 4 * SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT Remember that the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in person and number. V44045!# 1# =&54 1400 44045!# &1# =54 1400 Very often, if the subject and verb are separated, they will be separated by a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase has no effect on the verb. V4&,#30!,!4&is54 4 4& L454 !04# 4&#&&,@[4%!54@447 #7#&4 The following expressions also have no effect on the verb V4 !% 4&&2!0#14 !!4  !&#4 3 4&2&##!7!  # W k#@@&2!%%#7!4@&134!%0 42&! 5# * LKl7 47#&#!07 !&4mK54 @ #44 1 !0#1 !%%#7!4@ !&1400!& NoteIf the conjunction and is used instead of one of these phrases, the verb would then be plural. V4!% 4&&!4 !!4 ! 4##!7! # ExerciseChoose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences  ?#2!0#1143 4&2&N! 470!!7!   47%, 4#34&#04 &@ N@ &@!%=!4# 4& * 4G,!0#34&4 4%# &&N! 4#54 ## ` 44334%&#%! 44&#=!54N!&@447 #54#@44 440! 3,0 a W ?#4&2!%%#7!4@&454 !04@4 &#34%#442!54N!&7 #7#&4&#4 %!4&#34 ,04& II. CÂU AO ƯỚC !Future wish n L,@[4%%!@44&!4# 334 4 V  C41&!#,%#,0%#4#47! #j#,%!Q%#4  S1&!#,1#,0&#7&!!j#,7 #@!@01#Q&#7 * L41&4&!&414 4%#1,&L4&#%#1,& @present wish V  S1&!S!4#,4#3&#41# =S#Q!544#,4  C41&!414 4#04#,#%#41,&E4&##04#, * 41&!4Q!54###%0!&&#!4!54###%0!&& %past wish V  S1&!Shad washed4%0#4&4&4 !SQ1!&4%0#4&  L41&4&!&4could have been4 4L4%#,0Q@44 4 * C41&!14had had# 440!&C4Q!54# 44 ExerciseL44%4 !&3# !#  W134%!Q&74!=o 4% S1& ` &,@[4% n K1&K!K&,@[4% n K %#,0K54 @ 1#,0K54 @ 14 4KM  &,@[4% n K1&K!K&,@[4% n K7!&&,@[,54 L,@[4% n K1&K!K&,@[4% n K 7!&74 34% %#,0!54KZZ  C!!7#,3!04#,  54& S1& * L41#Q5&4!! S1& ` SQ#!00#! 4 S1& a E4&!p]##0,%=eq E4 c # 4 44@,4&4%#P!%!  #1&4 d j#,Q 4!=!0##3#&4 S1& f SQ&# !SQ3&#41# =0!& S1& h g4,W&!&4 14 4&& g4,W1&4& i g!0#&4 !@! g!1&4 III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Điều kiện có thể xảy ra7 #@!@04%##&  #rS30#2r%s"20!2#$%0 WrSo Wr%s L7047 4&4 o,, 4 Z 4&4 S74 !54  S3#,##4 ,&# 42@,4!&#3 =  S3W! %!00&2SQ00544 #4%#%4  * S3W! &#,0%!002SQ00544 #4%#%4   #0#2rS3",)2%tu0 #5svH*%w%-&x v/&#,0Ay!z=;=.%!,{!5svH5H*# /%.% &#,0|%40 J }M&#,0%w%-&'=~%•%%•5r =8W! } Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại7 4&4P, 4!0%##& WrSo Wr%s L7047!& @414 4 LK1#,0N&#,0N%#,0NK@! 4U3  S3S!4#42S1#,0@,!## %%04  S3?#14 44 424%#,03470,@ Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ7!&P, 4!0%##& WrSo Wr%s Z!&74 34%LK!KZZ LK1#,0N&#,0N%#,0NK!54KZZ  S3S!=#1#,14 4&%=2S1#,0!54!4#,&#4&#,7 €+2%+,%-y!0;I=;@6@@J@5%-@I6@  S3#,!@444 44&4 !2#,%#,0!54&44Z!  #5sv2 • 0@I=;%-$"+;G,! ‚tu%5svr,%ƒ%.%,„"G,.=H2%H=;7" /S3t7@(@6|%r3A=;70t%#-%w Chú ý các trường hợp đặc biệt sau Loại 1: Should a  S3#,&#,044!044 3 #] 44%42544!%!00  L#,0#,44!044 3 #] 44%42544!%!00 ‚tu … #5svH23|%@†2&#,05%‡{#,#.ˆ5J s Loại 2: were  S3#,14 4!004 2#,%#,0 4!%40  C4 4#,!004 2#,%#,0 4!%40 W0z{!3|%@†bz14 4#.%,5J s5‰%‡{#, Loại 3: had  S3S!! 442?1#,0!54! 44  E!S! 442?1#,0!54! 44 ‚tu … #5svH23|%@†25!|%#.%,5J s5‰%‡{S  #%*0#2y!=;!ˆ.=,)2#.5J|%40„  J } Unless, có nghĩa tương tự như if not, cũng có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện. Hai câu sau có nghĩa tương tự:  S3#4&Q !214Q00##40!=4  \04&& !&214Q00##40!=4 Exercise 1L,7704%# 4%4&4#3454 @7! 44&4&  S3#!@4L,!2141#,0##4@4!%  S314544 2&4#!%1,& * S3S3&41# =42S##43##@!00!4 ` S34!54#, ! 4&&241#,0!541 4##, a \04&&47!&&4 4!!#&241#,0[#4!  c S34!#044 ,24#7,& d 4&470!&10043#,#1!4 4 4,0! 0 f C!#,#3&4 43,&4&#, 5!#R h E4  454  #4&  &  #41# =  S3  4  #  &  #41# =2  4  #  1#   !@#,  & 4!!#& i SQ&##@!140#&4!4S3#,70!3# ,&2141 Exercise 2Rewrite, using the cues given  4#0#&@4%!,&44Q!54!!7 S3  414!4 &@!2&#14%!Q#3# !1!0= S3 * S3&4#4&Q, 2&4100@40!43# &%##0 \04&& ` !!Q4[#&1# =@4%!,&441!&,4 7! S3 a L4!&#@%%042&#&4#34%#4&#4 #33%4!0040!4 S3 c ^4%!02# #,Q00!=4!1 #4%&# S3 d S3#4&Q !&##200#&#37#,&Q1# #3% #7100@40#& \04&& f W@ #4 Q@,!%! @4%!,&44Q!544#,#4 S3 h Z4#704#Q,4 &!@4%!,&44#4&Q&74!=%04! 0 S3 c i #&!%! 404&& 54 S34#4&Q!=4# 4%! 424Q00!54!!%%4 \04&& IV. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG  ‚;H%%,LK@4KZZ  _,•%%,ˆ  +{%‡!%+,%‡0%‡{%‡!%+,@J  ^4|%%!4#%‡!/"%+,%‡ * ‚‡{%‡!%+,%‡0+{%‡!%+,@J5)‰/@ ‰% - ExE4!4!%!=4  ‚tu g;ˆ%+,%‡&!%+,@J6,/ #%+,%‡=;%- t%/ Ex470!40!4#, !# A6,/ #%+,%‡%-t%/2=%,&!@J2!0Š@Š=t%/ #,„0%‡/%w|% ExE4!544!7 4&4 MJ s%‡! /%ƒ%„2 /%ƒ!5 /%ƒ%.% #%+,%‡  • T5#370!%4 ! 9  < %F > %; :  • T5#34 ! 9  < %F >  < ! • T5#3!4  ! 9  < %F > ) > %! : % Ex  #5&4W! 4&4 !  E#!7,4@##=#4&403 * 4!1# =&0#10 ^†BY + O #%+,@J=-%-|%,z2=‹#$%=;G,!  } ExZ4#704&74!=V0&!%#, 4&41# 0 g;|%.%#$%@†%.%7zx%‡!/=~70##=,72!=4#332O=%,&! %+,@J Ex,0##=4!34 &#4&4 ! A6,%+,%‡%-H%S + V + O + bare_inf/,)Œ,=;TO= %,&!%+,@J2,)Œ,=;TO7%,,)Œ,%-# ExW3!4 !44#!1# =  @J5‰%.%;v E E67 LK!N&N! 4KZZK@K• LK!N&N! 4K@4KZZK@K• d LM• L^VKZZ @• LK@4KZZK!5#370!%4K@!4K!5#34 LK@4K!5#3!4 KZZK@!4 E# _,.=H _,.=H67 _,.=H# 0! 0!# LK!&N!54@44KZZK@K• LK1!&N14 4KZZK@K• LK1!&N14 4K@4KZZK@K• LK!K@44KZZK@K• LK100N&!00K@4KZZK@K• LK100N&!00K!54@44KZZK@K• Exercise1Change the following sentences into the passive voice  4%#,%0!&7#&7#4444  T04! 4V33404&44V3340#14 3# 4Z! &C# 0Q&o! #3ffh * W&&b!1!&#!1# =!i!4&4 ! ` 4100 4%%0441!&47!74 !0#%!03!%#  a ^&444! 2E#100!543&44%#, &4 Extra exercise  47#0%4&G,4&# E4  S100!=4%! 4#34@!@ 4@!@ * ‚Ž4&#,##@44%#, Q&0!1 4%#, Q&0!1 ` W7! 4&!44# S a C4!54!4 4!7 # 4&&#, 4%##40!&3414! & ] 4!7 # 4&& Các dạng câu bị động đặc biệt Mẫu 1A < !no ́ i 8 < O ‚+,%‡ L M ETP‚bT\LV    ‚+,@J S ^VKZZ ETP‚bT\LV Giải thích • M0{/LTj2ESAg2^VbSVMV2V•ZV‚2‚•ALSVk2k\W•\k • L0{/ZV•ZbV2EVj2L•WV•AVO VZ4#704&!!4&!###%#  Mẫu 2 ‚+,%‡ L ! M ! ET L @ M @ • @    ‚+,@J L @ ^VKZZU M! •KSAoO •KETMVKZZO • @ Giải thích  A6,M @ 0#$%0!TO + INF… Ex: Z4#704@40454!&4#4&!1# =54 %! 43,00  A6,M @ 0G,.=H#8 9 %#! < ! < TO + HAVE + PP… Ex: 4=!4&#04!@%%044&4 ! Exercise:  Z4#704&!!4@4!&&134 E4 f  E4&&!#!544&%!74#! 4#4%#,  S& * Z4#704&!# #&4&0540#4 !4047!& S # #&4& 4=!41!&#%4 E4 ` Z4#704@40454!41001 S Mẫu 3) >  < @! > # ‚+,%‡ L !54 4 • 74 &# M@! 4 #•3 •   ‚+,@J L !54 4 •  ZZ @K• 74 &# VW7! 4&! 4##!54@ #4 1!&4%0#4&## #1 V#,4#%04!430## 4&4 !R Exercise3  S!&#4&7#0&4 S!4@# S#4@#  #&4441&7!74 @ #,#4  #&!5&#4#4 * E4!&#&& 1!&4 E4!&!&#4#4 ` S!&=4&#4#4# !1470!3# 405 ## S!470! a A##4%04!&4=%43# ,&454 ! C4#Q4 h . are separated, they will be separated by a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase has no effect on the verb. V4&,#30!,!4&is54. !0#1 !%%#7!4@ !&1400!& NoteIf the conjunction and is used instead of one of these phrases, the verb would then be plural. V4!%