Simple present ( thói quen, thường lệ ) Present Continuus ( tính liên tục diễn ra ) Present perfect ( hành động đã hoàn tất ) Present Perfect1. Simple Past ( 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ, kết t[r]
(1)TENSES FORMATION USE MARKER
SIMPLE
PRESENT S+Vo / Vs/es
- Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lý
- Diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy thường xuyên
Often, usually, frequently, always , constantly, seldom, rarely, sometimes, occasionally, everyday/week/month
PRESENT PROGRESS - IVE
S+ am/is/are + V-ing
- Diễn tả HĐ diễn kéo dài thời gian
- Xuất sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy tương lai gần
- Diễn tả phàn nàn
Now, right now, at the moment, at present
Look! Be quiet!
SIMPLE PAST
S+V2
ed - Diễn tả HĐ xảy khứ,
chấm dứt biết rõ thời gian - Diễn tả thói quen khứ
Last, ago, yesterday , in + year(in the past)
When, as (hđ ngắn)
PAST PROGRESS - IVE
S + was/ were + V-ing
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy thời điểm khứ/ suốt khoảng thời gian khứ
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy khứ có HĐ khác xen vào khứ
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy song song khứ
At this time, time + yesterday, last….when, while
SIMPLE
FUTURE S + shall/ will +V0 - Diễn tả HĐ xảy tuơng lai- suy nghĩ , giả thuyết tương lai
Tomorrow, tonight, soon, again, next +… , in + year (in the future)
FUTURE CONTINUO US
S + shall/will +
be + V-ing - điểm tương lai/ suốt quảng thời gian Diễn tả HĐ xảy thời tương lai
- HĐ diển tương lai lúc việc khác xảy đến
At this time + tomorrow
PAST
PERFECT S+ had+ V3ed
- Diễn tả HĐ khứ xảy trước thời điểm khứ trước HĐ khứ khác
Before , after, when, as, as soon as,…
(2)PRESENT
PERFECT S+ have/has + V3ed
- Diễn tả HĐ vừa xảy ra, HĐ lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ
- Diễn tả HĐ khứ mà kéo dài đến có khả tiếp tục tương lai
- Diễn tả HĐ xảy khứ mà rõ thời gian
Just,ever, never, already, yet,since,for, sofar=until now =
=uptonow = up to the present Before it’s the first time
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUO US
S+ have/has + been + Ving
- Diễn tả HĐ bắt đầu khứ kéo dài liên tục đến (người nói ý đến việc xảy hay thời gian xảy ra)
Since , for All day…
NEAR FUTURE
S + be going to + V0
-
The adverbial clauses of time bắt đầu liên từ như: when, whenever, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, til, by the time, since, just as, no sooner… than, hardly……
The adverbial clauses of time đặt trước sau mệnh đề Khơng dùng tương lai mệnh đề thời gian
I Sequence with the Simple present in the Main Clause:
Main Clauses Adverb Clause
Simple present
Simple present (thói quen, thường lệ) Present Continuus (tính liên tục diễn ra) Present perfect (hành động hoàn tất) Present Perfect
Simple Past (1 thời điểm khứ, kết thúc khứ) Present Perfect (bắt đầu khứ kéo dài đến tại) Ex: We always take our umbrella with us when it rains
I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus He never goes home before he has finishef his work
She has played the piano since she was a child
II Sequence with the Future tenses in the Main Clause:
Main Clauses Adverb Clause
Simple Future
(be going to) Present perfect : Simple present: mang nghĩa tương lai nhấn mạnh tính hồn tất hành động
Future perfect Simple present hành động hoàn tất trước hành động tương lai.
Ex: We will go as soon as you have finished your work We will go when you finish your work
We’ll have already finished the work when you get back
(3)III Sequence with the Past tenses in the Main Clause
Main Clause Adverb Clause
Simple Past Simple Past (việc thường lệ khứ, liên tiếp nhau)
Past Continuous (diển liên tục khứ - HĐ khác xảy ra) Past Continuous Past Continuous (2 HĐ song song)
Simple Past Past Perfect (HĐ xảy trước HĐ khác khứ) Ex: I sat near the window whenever I took a bus
I met him while I was walking down the street
I was watching TV while my father was reading books
1
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE Simple Present (lập lặp lại, thói quen tại)
Present Perfect (việc xảy không rõ thời gian)
Simple Future (việc sẽ/ xảy tương lai) Ex: He says that he always comes to class in time
He feels that he has made a mistake We think that it will rain tonight
MAIN CLAUSE
NOUN CLAUSE Simple Past (lập lặp lại, thói quen khứ)
Past Perfect (việc xảy trước khứ)
Future in the Past (việc xảy tương lai khứ)
Ex: She said that she was a student
He said that he had just graduated from the university
They told me they would go to the football match this weekend
MAIN CLAUSE NOUN CLAUSE
Present Perfect Simple Present Ex: He has done all that is necessary
4.
MAIN CLAUSE NOUN CLAUSE
Past Perfect Simple Past
Ex: He had done all that was necessary
(4)1
S + began/ started + V-ing/ To V …… in+time/ time+ago S + have/has + Ved/3……… since/ for + time have/ has + been + V-ing……
Ex: I started learning English five years ago
I have been studying English for five years
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3…… for + time It’s + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/2
Ex: I haven’t seen him for two months
It’s two months since I last saw him
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………for/ since + time a The last time + S + Ved/2……was + time + ago
in + time b S + last + Ved/2 …… time + ago
in + time Ex: I haven’t seen him for two moths
The last time I saw him was two months ago I last saw him two months ago
4
S + have/ has + not + Ved/3………before
It/this/that is the first time + S + have/ has + Ved/3 Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before
It is the first time I have seen that man here
How long is it since + S + Ved/2… ? have/ has + S + Ved/3… ? When did + S + V0…….?
Ex: How long is it since you sold this car? When did you sell this car?
S + have/ has + never + Ved/3 + such (a/ an) + Adj + N
It/this/that is the + Adj (superlative) + S + have/ has + ever + Ved/3 Ex: I’ve never met such an intelligent boy
This is the most intelligent boy I’ve ever met
Before + S + Ved/2………….S + had + Ved/3 After + S + had + Ved/3……….S + Ved/2 Ex: He played football but first he did all his homework
Before he played football, he had done his homework
(5) After he had done his homework, he played football 8
S + have/ has + (not) + Ved/3 ….+ since + S + Ved/2 S + (last) Ved/2 + when + S + Ved/2
Ex: John hasn’t seen her since she left for Japan John last saw her when she left for Japan
S + had + hardly + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2 = Hardly + had + S + Ved/3 + when + S + Ved/2 S + had + no sooner + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2 = No sooner + had + S + Ved/3 + than + S + Ved/2 Ex: He had hardly seen me when he ran away
He had no sooner seen me than he ran away
I Give the correct form of the word in parentheses: I (see) _ this film twice
2 –Peter, please help me the washing up – Sorry, Mum I (watch) _ TV The farmers (work) _ in the field now
4 The war (break) _ out three years ago He (drink) a cup of coffee every morning She (just buy) a lot of new books
7 Up to the present, Nam (do) _ good work in his class At present, that author (write) _ a historical novel By next month, I (finish ) my first novel 10 Phong (work) _ at the university so far
11 I’ll give him this parcel when he ( come) _ back here next week 12 I (wait) for her until she (finish) _ the examination
13 When the police came here the thieves (run ) _away five minutes before 14 Diane can’t come to the phone because she (wash) _
15 My sister and brother ( argue) about something when I (walk) into the room 16 What you (learn) _ since you ( come) here?
17 Until yesterday, I never ( hear) about it
18 Sam already ( leave) _ when we (get) _ there 19 I (feel) a little better after I (take) _ the medicine
20 Peter is going to leave in half an hour He ( finish) _ all his work before he (leave)
II CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1/ I will see him when he……….here tomorrow
a comes b will come c has come d had come 2/ the boy broke a window when they………football
a played b were playing c had played d are playing 3/ I ……….about him when suddenly he came in
a talk b talked c am talking d was talking 4/ Please don’t touch anything before………
a the police will come b the police comes c the police come d the police would come 5/ ………the teacher gave me a passing grade a after taking the test b after I take the test c after I took the test d after I taken the test 6/ I ……… her since I………a student
a know /am b knew/ was c have known /am d have known/ was 7/ As he……….dinner, I………
(6)8/ When I ………to him, I ……… him your news
a talk/ give b will talk/ give c talk/ will give d will talk/ will give 9/ The light ………out while we were having tea
a was going b went c had gone d has gone 10 I _ breakfast before I _to school
A had / had gone B had had/ had gone C had / went D had had / went 11 Television very popular since the 1950s
A is B was C has been D had been 12 Everyone was asleep when the enemy _
A was attacking B attacked C had attacked D attacking 13 We were disappointed that most of the guests _ when we arrived at the party A leave B left C have left D had left 14 Up to now, I _ a lot information about her
A will learn B would learn C have learnt D learnt 15 When I came to visit her last night, she _ a bath
A has B have C was having D is having
16 Wait here until I you
A am calling B am going to call C call D will call 17 My parents first _ each other at the Olympic Games in 1982
A have met B met C meet D had met
18 As soon as Martina saw a fire, she the fire department
A was telephoning B telephoned C had telephoned D has telephoned 19 My daughter often says that she won’t get married until she _25 years old
A is B will be C will have been D has been 20 It is the largest ship I
A had seen B saw C have ever seen D see III Find ONE mistake in each sentence.
1 I have gone as soon as you come back A B C D
2 Have you hear a noise just then? A B C D
3 Thank goodness! I finish my homework now A B C D
4 I haven’t had any news of John for 2003 A B C D
5 My parents first meet each other at the Olympic Games in 1982 A B C D
6 For the past two years I did a lot of things A B C D
7 When I came to visit her last night, she is having a bath A B C D
8 Mary was making a dress when she cuts her finger A B C D
9 “What are you doing under the desk?” “I was to find my pen.” A B C D
10 Don’t get off the bus until it stopped A B C D
11 The mother will wait outside the school until her son will finish his exam a b c d 12 Mary never went to bed before she has finished her homework a b c d
13 John said he will invite some of his friends for dinner so Mary had to buy some more food and drink a b c d
14 We have finished our work before tomorrow evening when we have a party a b c d
(7)a b c d 16 I will tell John about it when I will see him this afternoon a b c d
17 I was listening to the radio when the doorbell will ring a b c d 18 The last time I have seen him was in 1999
a b c d
19 By the time the police come, the robber had run away a b c d
20 Human had struggled against weeds since the beginning of agriculture a b c d
IV Rewrite these sentences as directed: Mary began playing the piano years ago
Mary has _ My father hasn’t been to Hanoi for years
It’s _ My father is reading a newspaper He started hours ago
My father has It’s four years since I wrote her
I _ The last time I went to see them was over a year ago
It It is two weeks since it last rained
It has Jane started keeping a diary five years ago
Jane has _ I last went swimming in 2001
I have I started to study English when I was 10 years old
I’ve _ 10 We haven’t seen Tom since he moved to London
We last 11 My father hasn’t driven a car before
It’s 12 She has never been to the ballet dancing before
This is _ 13 I went over my lesson and then went to school
Before 14 Before he watched TV, he had done all his exercises
After _ 15 My teacher is the most generous person I’ve ever met
I’ve never _ 16 This is the first time I have ever met such a famous person
I’ve _ 17 How long is it since they bought the house?
When 18 I have never read such an interesting novel
This is 19 After he had worked hard many years, he retired
Before _ 20 When did you collect stamps?
(8)IV Choose the correct answer: She bought this book two weeks ago
a She has had this book for two weeks b She has had this book since two weeks c She had this book for two weeks d She has this book for two weeks We last went to the cinema two months ago
a We haven’t gone to the cinema for two months b We didn’t go to the cinema for two months c We didn’t want to go to the cinema any more d We stopped going to the cinema
3 John began playing the organ five years ago
a John has been playing the organ five years ago b John has played the organ since five years c John has been playing the organ for five years d John used to play the organ five years ago It’s over ten years since we got married
a We got married for over ten years b We have been married for over ten years c We were married for over ten years d We have been married since over ten years She began to play the piano three years ago
a She has played the piano since three years b She has played the piano for three years c She doesn’t play the piano now d She stops playing the piano now It’s two years since he last went home
a He hasn’t gone home for two years b.The last time he went home was two years ago c He didn’t go home two years ago d Both a& b are correct
7 We started to write each other three years ago
a We used to write to each other for two years b We used to write to each other in two years c We have written to each other for two years d We have written to each other since two years The last time I saw Jim was in 2004
a I have seen Jim since 2004 b I haven’t seen Jim since 2004 c I have seen Jim for 2004 d Jim has been seen since 2004 They have lived here for years now
a They moved here for years b They moved here years ago
c They are living here for years now d They were living here since years ago 10 My sister hasn’t rung for hours
a It’s was hours since my sister last rang b My sister hasn’t rung for hours c It’s hours since my sister last rung d It’s for hours since my sister last rung 11 The last time she had a swim was years ago
a She hasn’t had a swim for years b She last had a swim for years c She didn’t have a swim years ago d a & b are correct
12 Ken began working for that company years ago
a Ken has been working for that company for two years b Ken has been working for that company since two years c Ken worked for that company for two years
d Ken was working for that company for two years 13 I have never seen such an interesting film before
a This is the fisrt time I have seen such an interesting film b This film is the best I have ever seen
c This is the first time I saw such an interesting film d This is the best film that I saw 14 She hasn’t drunk coca-cola before
a It’s time for her to drink coca-cola b It’s the first time she has drunk coca-cola c It’s the first time since she drank coca-cola d It is time she drank coca-cola
15 He had done morning exercises before he had breakfast a He would morning exercises before he had breakfast b After he had done morning exercises, he had breakfast c After he did morning exercises, he had breakfast
d After he had done morning exercises, he was having breakfast 16 I have never read such a good book before
(9)17 We had lunch and then went for a walk
a Before we had lunch, we would go for a walk b After we had lunch, we went for a walk c After we had had lunch, we went for a walk d We went for a walk when we had lunch 18 How long have you learnt English?
a When did you learnt English? b When did you learn English? c How long is it since you learnt English? d b & c are correct
19 I’ve never met such an intelligent woman
a This is the first time I haven’t met such an intelligent woman b It is the first time I’ve ever met such an intelligent woman c It is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met
d b & c are correct
20 I have never read such an interesting novel before
a This is the first time I have read such an interesting novel b This novel is the best I have ever read
c This is the first time I read such an interesting novel d This is the best novel that I read 21 It’s the coldest winter they’ve ever had
a They’ve ever had such a cold winter b They’ve ever had such cold winter c They’ve never had such cold winter d This is the first time they had such cold winter