Chú ý: thì hiện tại đơn sẽ được dùng thay thế cho thì tương lai đơn trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (bắt đầu bằng “when” “before” “until”...).. _ You will see him when he co[r]
(1)Period 1: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN A_ Công thức:
* Đối với động từ thường:
_ Khẳng định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu) She/ he / it/ CN số ít + V–es/ V–s _ Phủ định: I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + donotV (Nguyên mẫu)
She/ he / it/ CN số ít + doesnot + V(nguyên mẫu). _ Nghi vấn: Do + I/ You / We / They/ CN số nhiều + V (Nguyên mẫu)?
Does She/ he / it/ CN số ít + + V(nguyên mẫu)?
Do / does + S + V(nguyên mẫu)?
Đối với động từ “to be” đơn ta có dạng
Khẳng định: I + am
You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + are She /he/ it/ CN số ít + is
Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau “am / is/ are” Nghi vấn: Đặt “Am/ is/ are” trước chủ ngữ Đối với động từ “To have” ngơi thứ số ta khơng thêm “_S/ _ES” mà chuyển thành “has”
(She has a new house) B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Để diễn tả thói quen việc xảy có tính chất thường xuyên thông lệ Trong câu thường có trạng từ như: often ; usually; always; sometimes; seldom; on Mondays; On Sundays; everyday; every Monday; every summer
We come to school on time everyday My mother always gets up early
Does Mr Green go to work five days a week? _ Yes, he does We not go to school on Sundays
2_ Để diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lý: The earth goes round the sun 3_ Dùng để nói thời khóa biểu hay chương trình: The film begins at 8p.m
4_Dùng mệnh đề điều kiện câu điều kiện loại I mệnh đề điều kiện thời gian C_ Cách thêm đuôi “_s” hay “_es” sau động từ:
1_ Thông thường thêm đuôi _S sau động từ ngơi thứ số ít: work _ works play _ plays change _ changes
2_ Những động từ kết thúc _CH; _SH; _ SS; _X hay _O ta thêm đuôi _es watch _ watches wash _ washes finish _ finishes
3_ Những động từ kết thúc “Y” mà trước phụ âm ta chuyển “Y” thành “I” sau thêm _es: carry _ carries fly _ flies
D_ Cách phát âm đuôi s es:
- Những động từ tận âm /p,k,t,f,0/ thêm ‘s’ đọc thêm âm /s/ VD: gets, works…
- Những động từ tận âm /s, z,x, tS, S, dz/ thêm ‘es’ đọc thêm âm /iz/ - Ngồi trường hợp động từ cịn lại thêm ‘s, es” đọc thêm âm /z/ E_ Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc Hiện đơn:
1 He (be ) a doctor
2 She (watch) television every day We (not, go) to school on Sundays you often (get up) early?
5 My mother usually (buy) vegetables in this market My friend and I often (go) to school by bike My girlfriend (not, be) a beautiful girl The concert often (begins) at 7pm
(2)Period 2: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN A_ Cơng thức:
_ Khẳng định: I + am
We/ You/ They + are + V-ing(thêm đuôi “ing”)
He/ She/It + is
_ Phủ định: CN + am/ is/ are + not + V-ing
_ Nghi vấn: Am/ Is/ Are + CN + V-ing ?
B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Diễn tả việc xảy ra, diễn tiến Trong câu thường có trạng từ : now(bây giờ); at present; at the moment
My father is planting flowers in the garden Look! The pupils are playing football. We are not cooking now
2_ Diễn tả đặt chắn tương lai gần: I am meeting Peter tonight
3_ Diễn tả việc tượng xảy có tính chất tạm thời:
He usually reads newspapers but today he is reading a magazine
C_ Chú ý: Một số động từ khơng sử dụng tiếp diễn phải chuyển chúng tại đơn: 1_ Động từ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị)
2_ Động từ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(khơng thích); love; need; want
3_ Động từ hoạt động tinh thần: agree(đồng ý); believe(tin tưởng); forget(quên); know(biết); remember(nhớ); understand(hiểu)
4_ Động từ sở hữu số động từ khác: have(có); own(sở hữu); belong(thuộc về); appear(có vẻ); seem (dường như)
D_ Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc Hiện đơn hay Hiện tiếp diễn: 1/ I (have) coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer 3/ The student (look) _ up that new word now 4/ She (go) to school every day
5/ We (do) this exercise at the moment 6/ Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now
7/ It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now 8/ Bad students never (work) hard
9/ He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish 10/ We seldom (eat) before 6.30
11/ She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market 12/ Be quiet The baby (sleep)
13/ We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
14/ Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it 15/ It (be) very cold now
16/ John (travel) to England tomorrow 17/ I (need) some money for my textbooks 18/ Tom (like) to go to the museums
19/ Mary (love) ice-cream
20/ My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings
21/ I often (leave) the city at weekends
22/ The guests (watch) the TV programmes now 23/ I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes 24/ The sun (set) _ in the west
25/ My friend (study) English for an hour every night
Period 3: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH
A_ Cơng thức:
(3)_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + has/ have + not + V(past participle) _ Nghi vấn: Has/ Have + S(chủ ngữ) + V(past participle) ?
Chú ý: past participle (quá khứ phân từ) động từ :
_ Nếu động từ hợp qui ta thêm đuôi _ED sau động từ (V- ed)
_ Nếu động từ bất qui ta lấy động từ cột thứ bảng động từ bất qui B_ Cách dùng:
1_ Diễn tả việc khứ mà thời điểm không xác định rõ Thường dùng với trạng từ sau: already(đã rồi); recently = lately(gần đây); ever(đã từng); never(chưa bao giờ)
He has already done his homework (Anh ta làm xong tập nhà) Have you bought a new TV recently?
_ Diễn tả việc xảy khứ kết Thường dùng với yet: Have you seen Tom yet?
We have cleaned the room Look! It is very clean 2_ Thường dùng với “just” để việc vừa xảy ra:
My father has just gone out.
3_ Diễn tả hành động hay việc bắt đầu khứ mà tiếp tục Thường dùng với giới từ since(từ khi; kể từ) hay for(trong thời gian)
We have leaned English for years
My sister has been sick since yesterday (Bây cịn ốm) _ Thỉnh thoảng việc dừng thời điểm nói:
Nice to meet you I haven’t seen you for a long time
Chú ý : for + khoảng thời gian: two hours; 3days; 4months Since+ điểm thời gian: 1990; Sunday; o’clock
4_Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ: I have seen this film several times
5 - Dùng HTHT sau từ cấp so sánh cao nhất: It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen - Dùng với This morning/ week/ month/ term…khi khoảng thời gian lúc nói: Eg: I’ve smoked 10 cigarettés today / I haven’t seen Tom this morning.Have you?
Ngoài cịn có số cụm từ thời gian : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times.
C_Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc HTHT:
1 I (try) to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) yet That book (lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet? He (not, be) here since Christmas
4 he (write) a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) it yet I (see) that film several times because I like it
6 Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now We ( study) almost every lesson in this book so far How long you (learn) English?
9 Tom (never, be) in Hanoi
10 I am sorry I (forget) that girl’s name already
Period 4:THÌ Q KHỨ ĐƠN A_ Cơng thức:
(4)_ Phủ định: S (chủ ngữ) + did not + V(nguyên mẫu) _ Nghi vấn: Did + S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyên mẫu)?
Chú ý:
Đối với động từ “to be” q khứ đơn ta có dạng Khẳng định: I / She /he/ it/ CN số ít + was
You/ we/ they/ CN số nhiều + were B_ Cách dùng:
Để diễn tả việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Thường với từ thời gian:
Yesterday last night/ Sunday ago
Yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening last week/ month/ year Two days ago
last summer/ winter in 1998
We watched a good film on TV last night. Hoặc thời gian hỏi đến:
When did you see him?
C_ Cách thêm –ed vào sau động từ có quy tắc:
- Thông thường thêm –ed vào sau động từ có quy tắc: work – worked - Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận “e” thêm “d” thôi: die – died
- Nếu động từ có quy tắc tận “y” mà trước phụ âm đổi “y” thành “i” thêm –ed: study – studied
- Nếu động từ có quy tắc có âm tiết tận phụ âm trước phụ âm nguyên âm gấp đơi phụ âm cuối lên trước thêm –ed: stop – stopped
- Nếu động từ có quy tắc có âm tiết tận phụ âm trước phụ âm nguyên âm gấp đơi phụ âm cuối lên trước thêm –ed: permit – permitted
- Nếu động từ tận ‘l’, trước nguyên âm đơn ta nhân đơi ‘l’ lên thêm ‘ed’: travel – travelled
D _ Cách phát âm đuôi –ed:
Đäc lµ /id/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /d/ hc /t/.
need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started
Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/,/t∫/, /θ/, /ks/
wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tận âm lại
play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called
* Các tính từ tận ED ED đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm động từ có quy tắc Tuy nhiên, số tính từ cổ tận -ed, số trạng từ tận -edly, -ed đợc phát âm /id/ Adjectives:/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cũ wretched : khốn khổ
rugged : gå ghỊ learned : uyªn b¸c
Adverbs: /id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho markedly : cách rõ ràng, đáng ý allegedly : cho
E – Bài tập:Chia động từ ngoặc khứ đơn: We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday My wife and I (travel) to London by air last summer I (have) a little trouble with my car last week What you (do) yesterday?
5 Our teacher (tell)us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970 We (wacth) a good programme on TV last night I (meet) Mary last night
8 I (see) him weeks ago
9 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning 10 They (begin) to study at this school years ago
Period 5: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN A_ Công thức:
_ Khẳng định: I/ He/ She/It/ CN số ít + was + V-ing
We/ You/ They/ CN số nhiều + were + V-ing _ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + was/ were + not + V-ing
_ Nghi vấn: Was/ Were + S(chủ ngữ) + V-ing ?
(5)1_ Diễn tả việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ: What were you doing at five o’clock yesterday evening?
I was doing exercises between four and five o’clock last Sunday afternoon
2_ Kết hợp với khứ đơn để diễn tả việc diễn khứ việc khứ khác xảy ra:
When I was watching T.V, My friend came
Thì khứ tiếp diễn Thì khứ đơn
C – So sánh Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn:
+ Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) dùng để hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy khứ - I met him in the street yesterday
+ Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) dùng để hành động kéo dài khứ tương ứng với hành động khác khứ
- I met him while he was crossing the street - She was going home when she saw an accident
+ Thì Past Continuous diễn tả hành động kéo dài điểm thời gian xác định khứ hai hành động liên tiếp song song với
- My father was watching TV at o’clock last night
- I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV
D- Bài tập:Chia động từ ngoặc khứ đơn hay khứ tiếp diễn: 1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him
2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine) 3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea 4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella
5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6/ He (teach) English for months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist
7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window to get out 8/ He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him
9/ The servant (drop) two cups while she (wash up) last night; neither of them (break)
10/ While I (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) ; as he (go) to answer it, he (hear) a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) while he (walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop)
Period 6: Exercises
1) He for London one year ago
A left B has left C leaves D had left
2) She in Hue for twenty years
A lives B has lived C lived D will live
3) I to the market with my mother yesterday
A go B went C have gone D was going
(6)A do/think B are/ thinking C have/thought D were/thinking 5) How long you her? – For five months
A do/know B are/knowing C have/ known D had/known 6) I usually to school by bus
A went B am going C go D have gone
7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
A got B get C was getting D had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise I
A studying B study C am studying D studied
9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius
A boils B boiled C is boiling D will boil
10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
A rains B is raining C has rained D rained
11) you out last night?
A did/ go B Do/go C Have/gone D Were/going
12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
A cost B costs C had cost D was cost
13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
A played/took B playing/taking C was playing/ was taking D was play/was take 14) She until you are ready
A didn’t come B isn’t coming C won’t come D doesn’t come 15) When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B was working/ rang C worked/rang D work/rings 16) I here until he answers me
A stay B will stay C am staying D have stayed
17) They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B were having/ rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine
A smoked/read B had smoked/ read C was smoking/ was reading D smoking/reading 19) When I into the office, my boss for me
A came/ was waiting B had come/waited C was coming/waited D came/waiting 20) When I Brian, he a taxi
A see/drives B saw/ was driving C see/was driving D saw/is driving 21) When he , we dinner
A arrived/having B was arriving/had C arrived/ were having D had arrived/had 22) While they chess, we the shopping
A playing/doing B played/did B were playing/doing D were playing/ were doing 23) They football when the lights in the stadium out
A were playing/ went B were playing/ was going C played/was going D playing/went 24) While George and John their room, she the ironing
A cleaning/doing B were cleaning/doing C were cleaning/ was doing D cleaning/was doing 25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday A is/was B has been/is C has been/ was D has been/had been 26) He in the same house since 1975
A has lived B is living C lived D had lived
27) We him since he married
A didn’t see/got B don’t/get C haven’t seen/ got D hadn’t seen/got 28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis
A is raining B had rained C has rained D was raining
29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moved/ haven’t seen C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen 30) We what to with the money yet
(7)A works B is working C worked D has worked 32) He to New York three times this year
A had been B was C has been D is
33) I how to dance when I six years old
A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know/ was D haven’t known/was 34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year
A sends/sent B sent/ sends C sent/sent D sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
A drove B had driven C drives D was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
A B did C have done D had done
37) I her at the school gate yesterday
A met B meet C had met D am meeting
38) She English when she was six years old
A learned B has learned C is learning D had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I her
A meet B had met C met D have met
40) They to know each other for more than ten years
A get B got C have got D had got
41) you that film yet?
A Do/see B Have/ seen C Did/see D Had/seen
42) I the film with my friends last week
A watched B watch C have watched D had watched
43) He up at five every morning
A is getting B got C gets D was getting
44) she in Hue at the moment?
A Does/live B Is/ living C Did/live D Was/living
45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/ is staying 46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents
A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept 47) Why you often so much noise in the house?
A do/ make B did/make C are/making D were/making
48) He you when he has the necessary information
A will tell B told C tells D is telling
49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework
A am doing B was doing C had done D has done
50) At this time yesterday I to music
A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening 51) What he at P.m last Sunday?
A did/do B was/do C had/done D was/ doing
52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends
A am B was C have been D had been
53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married
A asked/ was B asks/am C had asked/was D has asked/am
54) How long you novels?
A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing 55) you sometimes out with friends?
A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go
56) I a lot of badminton recently
A play B have played C am playing D was playing
57) When I home, everyone TV
(8)A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen 59) London a lot since we first to live here
A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come 60) How many times you this film? – The first time
A have/ seen B did/see C do/see D had/seen
61) Yesterday David was crossing(A) a street when(B) a truck was turning(C) a corner very fast and almost hit(D) him.
62) When Rita will get(A) her driver’s license next week(B), she will be able(C) to drive to school every day(D).
63) So far(A) she spends(B) a lot of time there(C) chatting with(D) her friends
64) Jack is living(A) in Spain now(B) His Spanish had improved(C) greatly since he moved(D) there
65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living room, the electricity went out(D).
66) I’m sure(A) they have completed(B) the new(C) road by(D) June
67) At(A) this time tomorrow(B), they will do(C) their homework with their(D) brothers 68) We have seen(A) and tell(B) you the situation next(C) Monday Please wait for(D) us 69) Our(A) teacher explained(B) that lesson to(C) us tomorrow(D)
70) We will wait(A) for you when(B) you will get(C) back tomorrow(D)
71) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D) Sunday 72) When I see(A) Mr Pike tomorrow(B), I remind(C) him of(D) that
73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D)
74) Please(A) sit here(B) and wait until(C) the manager will return(D)
75) Our parents arrived(A) next Wednesday I’m sure we will receive(B) a lot of(C) presents from(D) them 76) I gave(A) him your message(B) and letter when(C) I see him(D)
77) By(A) the time you arrive(B), I finish(C) writing an(D) essay
78) We will be going(A) home as soon(B) as we have finished(C) our work(D)
79) Mr Green has taught(A) English this school since(B) he graduates(C) from the university in(D) 1986 80) At(A) yesterday morning(B) when I arrive(C) at his house, he was still sleeping(D)
Period 7: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI I Thì tương lai đơn:
A_ Cơng thức:
_ Khẳng định: I/ We + shall/ will + V(nguyên mẫu)
Các chủ ngữ khác + will + V(nguyên mẫu)
_ Phủ định: S(chủ ngữ) + shallnot/ willnot + V(nguyên mẫu)
_ Nghi vấn: Shall/ Will + S(chủ ngữ) + V(nguyên mẫu) ?
(9)1_ Diễn tả việc xảy tương lai Thường dùng với từ thời gian sau:
Tomorrow next week/ month, year, Sunday
Tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening someday (1 ngày đó) soon (chẳng nữa) I shall visit you tomorrow
Will you go to the circus next week?
Chú ý: đơn dùng thay cho tương lai đơn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian (bắt đầu “when” “before” “until” )
_ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow (“comes” dùng mệnh đề thời gian “when”)
_ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London II Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai ý định)
A – Công thức:
S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ) S + am/ is/ are + Ving… (sắp sửa)
B – Cách dùng:
Thì dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy dự định tới (thường câu khơng có cụm từ thời gian)
Eg: My father is retiring
Where are you going to spend your holidays?
C – Bài tập: Chia động từ ngoặc HTĐ hay TLĐ: 1/ We (go) out when the rain (stop) 2/ I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me 3/ Wait until I (catch) you
4/ I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out
6/ Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter 7/ He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
8/ She (not come) until you (be) _ ready 9/ He (tell) you when you (ask) him
10/ I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England Dùng từ gợi ý viết câu dùng be going to:
1 Kate and her friend/ visit a friend in the hospital/ this afternoon lan/ go on a holiday/ next month
3 I/ see the doctor/ this afternoon Richard/ have lunch/ at twelve o’clock He/ see his parents/ next week
6 They/ move to the new house/ next week How/ he/ cook dinner?
8 Where/ people/ sit/ at the party? Why/ your sister/ study engineering? 10 How long/ you/ stay here?
Period 8: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Các bước đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động sau: Ví du: Đổi câu sau sang bị động:
She cleans the house everyday Chủ ngữ động từ (ở đơn) tân ngữ trạng từ
Trước chuyển sang câu bị động phải phân tích câu
(10)Câu bị động: S’ + be + pp + by O’
Sau phân tích câu xong ta chuyển theo thứ tự bước sau: 1_ Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ từ câu bị động (The house)
2_ Chia động từ “to be” phù hợp với động từ câu chủ động chủ từ vừa tìm (The house is)
3_ Thêm khứ phân từ động từ (The house is cleaned)
4_ Thêm “By” chuyển chủ ngữ câu chủ động sang làm tân ngữ câu bị động thêm thành phần khác để hoàn thành câu
( The house is cleaned by her everyday.)
Nếu chủ từ câu chủ động từ như: “someone”; “somebody”; “nobody”; “they”; “people” câu bị động người ta không dùng từ “by” từ
Chú Ý: _ Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ nơi chốn đặt chúng trước “By + tân ngữ bị động” Chủ động The police found him in the forest
Bị động He was found in the forest by the police
_ Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ thời gian đặt chúng sau By + tân ngữ bị động Chủ động: Her parents will buy a new car next month
Bị động: A new car will be bought by her parents next month *) THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG học: S + be + PP + (by O):
Thì To be (chia trùng với động từ chủ động Quá khứ phân từ động từ
Hiện đơn Am / is / are + PP Hiện tiếp diễn Am/ is/ are being PP Hiện hoàn thành Have/ has been PP
Quá khứ đơn Were/ was PP
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Were/ was being PP
Tương lai đơn Will be PP
Tương lai gần Am/ is/ are going to be PP Động từ khiếm khuyết
Can; could; must… Can/ could/ must be PP
MỘT SỐ DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT _ CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ: “SAY”;”THINK”; “BELIEVE”; “REPORT”
Chủ động: S + say + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2
Bị động:Cách 1: It + be(thì) said + (that) + S2 + V2 + O2
Cách 2: S2 + be(thì) said to INF (của V2) + O2
Ví dụ: People said that he wrote this book.
Bị động: Cách 1: It was said that he wrote this book.
Cách 2: He was said to write this book.
Period 9: Exercises : CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence:
1) Asian people eat rice Rice in many parts of Asia
A is grown B are grown C has grown D have grown
2) Nowadays a lot of dangerous work _ by robots
A has been done B will be done C is done D was done
3) Who wrote the story "Romeo and Juliet"? _ It _ by Shakespeare, an English writer A is written B was written C has been written D wrote 4) The package containing books and records _ last week
A is delivered B delivered C was delivered D has been delivered
5) When _? _ In 1876
A the telephone was invented
(11)6) English _ all over the world
A speaks B is being spoken C spoke D is spoken
7) The students _ to be present in class at p.m.
A told B have told C were told D tell
8) The new stadium _ next years
A will build B will be built C builds D is going to build
9) Mary can't use her computer now It _
A is being repaired B was repaired C is repaired D has been repaired 10) This is a very popular TV programme It _ by millions of people every week
A watches B is watching C watched D is watched
11) Last night someone broken into our house Oh, dear, _?
A has anything taken B is anything taken C was anything taken D were anything taken 12) Police are looking for the missing boy He _ any where
A can not be found B not be found C doesn't found D will not be found 13) Nowadays jeans _ all over the world
A is sold B are sold C sold D sell
14) When I was young, I used to _ to school by my father.
A be taken B being taken C take D taking
15) Mr David can't use his office at the moment It _
A is decorated B redecorated C is being decorated D was decorated 16) A tree was lying across the road It _ down in the storm
A is blown B was blown C is being blown D has been blown
17) That church looks very old When _?
A is it built B has it been built C was it built D did it build 18) His photograph _ on TV
A is showing B was shown C showed D was showing
19) He _ to drive a Land Rover
A had seen B have seen C was seen D was being seen
20) They are building a new highway around the city A A new highway is built around the city
B A new highway around the city is built C Around the city a new highway is being builtD A new highway around the city is being built 21) People doesn't use this road very often
A This road is used not very often
B Not very often this road is not used C This road very often is not used.D This road is not used very often 22) How people learn language?
A How are languages learned by people?
B How are languages learned? C How languages learned?D How languages are learned? 23) Nobody cleaned these rooms yesterday
A These rooms were cleaned yesterday
B These rooms didn't be cleaned yesterday C Yesterday these rooms were not cleaned.D These rooms did not clean yesterday 24) People feed these animals twice a day
A These animals are feed twice a day
B These animals are fed twice a day C These animals fed twice a day.D These animals were fed twice a day 25) Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived
A The room cleaned when I arrived
B The room was cleaned when I arrived C The room was being cleaned when I arrivedD The room was cleaning when I arrived 26 You should give us this information
A We should give you this information
B We should be given this information C We should be give this information.D This information should give us 26 They are repairing our car at the garage
A Our car is repairing at the garage
B Our car is being repairing at the garage C Our car is being repaired at the garageD They are being repaired our car at the garage 27 We will finish the report in time
A The report will finish in time
B The report will be finished in time C The report will be finish in time.D The report is finished in time 28 We made certain mistakes
A Certain mistakes were made
B Certain mistakes made us C Certain mistakes made.D Certain mistakes was made 29 They considered his speech one of the best
A His speech was considered one of the best
B His speech was one of the best C His speech one of the best was considered.D His speech considered them one of the best 30 They thought that the man was still living
A The man thought he was still living
B D It thought the man to be still living C The man is thought to be still living.D The man was thought to be still living 31 She advised me to sell that house
A I am advised to sell that house
B I advised her to sell that house C I was advised to sell that house.D She was advised to sell that house 32 How did the police find the lost man?
(12)B How the lost man found by the police? D How was the police found by the lost man? 33 They believed that she won the competition
A She was believed to win the competition
B It was believed to win the competition C It was believed her to win the competition.D She believed them to win the competition 34) Do they teach English here?
A Is English taught here?
B English is teach here? C Is English teach here?D English taught here? 35) They may use this room for the classroom
A This room may use for the classroom
B The classroom may be used for this room C They may be used for the classroom.D This room may be used for the classroom 36) The teacher is going to tell a story
A A story is going to be told by the teacher
B A story is going to tell by the teacher C A story be told by the teacher.D A story is going to tell the teacher 36) Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife
A A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary
B A cake is cut with a sharp knife by Mary C A sharp knife is cut with a cake by Mary.D A & C are correct 37) Somebody has taken some of my books away
A Some of my books have been taken away
B Some of my books have taken away C Some of my books away have taken.D Some of my books taken away Chọn chữ (A, B, C hay D) có chứa lỗi sai sửa:
38) Him (A) was taken to (B) hospital in (C) an ambulance (D) yesterday 39) English (A) is believe (B) to be (C) an international (D) language 40) The (A) watch has (B) not repaired (C) by the man yet (D) 41) The (A) book had found (B) by the boy (C) before they came (D)
42) He is very (A) brave His friends (B) are impresses (C) by his bravery (D)
43) I help (A) to recall (B) my memories by (C) my friends I must say thanks to (D) them 44) They didn t tell’ (A) all the details (B) of (C) the case by (D) their parents
45) I had (A) my motorbike repair (B) yesterday but (C) now it still doesn t work’ (D) 46) They (A) were took (B) for a drive in (C) the new car by (D) my father
Period 10: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ I Danh động từ:(Gerund)
Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống phân từ ( tức động từ thêm ING) : talking, learning, cutting, lying…
Danh động từ thực chức danh từ câu Nó thường :
1/ Dùng làm chủ từ : (subject)
- Swimming is good for our health - Being friendly will bring you friends
2/ Dùng làm túc từ cho động từ : (object of a verb) - These boys like swimming
- My brother practises speaking English every day
3/ Dùng làm túc từ cho giới từ : (object of a preposition) - He is fond of swimming
- She is interested in learning English
4/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho chủ từ : (subject complement) - My hobby is swimming
- Seeing is believing
5/ Dùng câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) để thành lập danh từ kép (compound noun)
- No smoking - No talking, please
- a swimming pool - a dining room - a washing machine
6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu :
- Please forgive my coming late
- His driving carelessly often causes accidents
7/ Dùng sau số động từ số cách diễn đạt định như : admit (thừa nhận), advise
(13)tập), postpone (trì hỗn), quit (bỏ), risk (liều), suggest (đề nghị), can’t help (không thể không), can’t bear (không thể chịu đựng), can’t stand (không thể chịu đựng), be worth (đáng), be busy (bận), it’s no use (vơ ích), there’s no (khơng…)…
- We enjoy listening to music
- I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes
+ Chú ý : Một số động từ theo sau danh động từ động từ nguyên mẫu có khác biệt nghĩa câu
(*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc thực - I remember posting the letter
Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực - I’ll remember to post the letter
(*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực việc làm - She stopped mending the dress
Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm việc khác để làm việc - He stopped to have a drink
(*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc
- I’ve tried writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better
Try + to infinitive : cố gắng làm việc - They tried to work as hard as they could
(*) Mean + gerund : mang ý nghóa
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year
Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc - He means to take the coming exam
(*) Forget + gerund : quên điều xảy - I forgot telling her this story
Forget + to infinitive : quên làm điều - I forgot to tell her about this
(*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc xảy - She regrets going to a village school
Regret + to infinitive : hối tiếc làm việc - I regret to tell you that I can’t go with you
*) Hiện phân từ (V-ING) khứ phân từ (V-ED) làm tính từ:
Hiện phân từ (V-ing) Quá khứ phân từ (V-ed)
_ Thường liên quan đến vật, vật _ Mang nghiã chủ động
+ The football match is exciting +The film was very boring.
_ Thường liên quan đến người _ Mang nghĩa bị động
+ We are excited about the football match. + He was bored with the film.
+ The film made him bored.
_ interested in ; tired of ; surprised at ; amused at/by ; excited about ; bored with; frightened of; terrified of
II Danh từ
A Cách chuyển danh từ số sang danh từ số nhiều:
Danh từ phần quan trọng thiếu ngơn ngữ Trong tiếng Anh có danh từ số danh từ số nhiều Ngoài cách chuyển theo quy tắc thông thường thêm “s” vào danh từ để biến từ dạng số sang dạng số nhiều, cịn có trường hợp ngoại lệ mà khơng phải biết Sau số ngoại lệ thơng dụng:
Danh từ số kết thúc “f” “fe”
Với danh từ kết thúc “f/ fe”, chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều, ta bỏ f/fe thêm ves Tuy nhiên có số trường hợp giữ nguyên f/fe sau thêm s, số trường hợp chấp nhận hai cách
Ví dụ:
(14)Có thể giữ nguyên, bỏ f/fe thêm s: a dwarf – the seven dwarfs/ dwarves, one wharf – a few wharfs/ wharves
2 Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt
Những danh từ số nhiều đặc biệt xuất xứ từ tiếng Anh cổ Bạn học thuộc từ chúng sử dụng phổ biến
a man – men
a woman – women
a person people a foot – feet
a goose – geese a tooth – teeth a child – children
an ox – oxen (castrated bulls)
a brother – brethren (in church orders), brothers (in a family)
a mouse – mice
a louse – lice (con chấy, rận)
a die – dice (for playing games) (hột súc sắc)
3 Một cách viết cho danh từ số nhiều số
Có nhiều danh từ có dạng số nhiều số giống như:
a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a moose – moose
a fish – fish (fishes: dùng loài cá khác )
a dozen – two dozen roses, a hundred – several hundred men (nhưng nói: dozens of roses,
hundreds of people)
4 Danh từ dạng số nhiều
Một số danh từ dạng số nhiều, cho dù có kết thúc “s” hay không
The police are looking for the robbers I like these pants / jeans / shorts Use either scissors or nail clippers Binoculars are stronger than any glasses.
Một số danh từ khác, kết thúc “s” lại mang nghĩa khác Other nouns ending with s only have a plural form only with certain meanings
customs (hải quan) guts (sự can đảm) quarters (phòng ở) clothes (quần áo) goods (hàng hóa)
arms (vũ khí)
5 Danh từ số kết thúc “s”
• Một số danh từ kết thúc “s” lại thường dạng số Các loại bệnh tật: measles, rabies
Các lĩnh vực nghiên cứu: economics, ethics, linguistics, politics, physics, gymnastics Các trò chơi: dominoes, darts, cards
Ví dụ: I study mathematics, which is very difficult Dominoes is my favorite pastime
• Một số danh từ có dạng số số nhiều giống nhau, kết thúc chữ s: Barracks, means, headquarters, crossroads
Ví dụ:
a TV series – many TV series, Money is a means to an end
Newspapers and TV are means of mass-communication There is one species of humans but many species of cats
6 Danh từ kết thúc “o”
Với từ kết thúc “o”, chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều ta thêm "s" "es." Nếu nguyên âm đứng trước “o” cần thêm “s”, như:
(15)Nếu trước “o” phụ âm khơng có quy tắc qn:
Potato-potatoes, hero-heroes
Nhưng
Photo-photos, memo-memos
7 Những từ kết thúc “y”
Những từ kết thúc “y” thường chuyển “y” thành “i” thêm “es” Cry-cries, fly-flies, party-parties
B Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES động từ ngơi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, sở hữu cách. Đọc /S/ sau từ tận âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/,/t/.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives /p/ /t/ /f/ /k/ /θ/ maps /mæps/ cats / kæts / laughs / lɑ:fs / books / buks / lengths / leηθs /
stops / stops/ calculates /'kælkjuleits/ laughs / la:fs /
attacks / ə'tæks /
Janet’s / zænets/ Cliff’s / klifs/ Frank’s / fræηks/ Gareths / gares / ọc /IZ/ sau từ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives
/s/ /ks/ / ∫ / /t∫/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /z/ glasses boxes wishes churches garages pages bruises misses mixes washes matches massages stages rises Bruce’s Felix’s Trish’s Gooch’s Solange’s Gorge’s Roses ọc /Z/ sau từ tận phụ âm lại, tất nguyên ©m
Plural nouns 3rd singular verbs Possessives
/b/ /v/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /η/ /əu/ /ei/ /eə/ cubs caves beds eggs hills rooms pens rings potatoes days hairs robs lives reads digs fills comes learns brings goes plays wears Bob’s Olive’s Donald’s Peg’s Daniel’s Tom’s Jane’s King’s Jo’s Clay’s Clare’s C Cấu tạo danh từ:
Hậu tố (đi) Nghĩa Thêm vào Để tạo thành Ví dụ -ant; -er; -or; -ist
Người Động từ
Danh từ
Danh từ Teach – teacher; type – typist; collect – collector Science – scientist; art – artist
* Một số danh từ ghép (V-ING + Noun)
Chỉ mục đích sử dụng
_ a reading lamp: đèn bàn; _ fising rod: dây câu; _ fighting cock: gà đá _ writing paper: giấy viết _ wrapping paper: giấy gói; _ cooking apple _ eating apple : táo ăn _ dancing shoes: giày khiêu vũ
*)Một số danh từ ghép (Noun + Noun)
_ A schoolboy - An inkpot - a tea cup - a tennis court - a match box - a paper mill - a race horse
(16)A to work B work C working D worked I’ll the shopping when I’ve finished the house
A to clean B cleaning C cleaned D clean
3 She is one of those who enjoy _ money on clothes
A spend B to spend C spending D to spending
4 He is used to _ late until he finishes his work
A stay up B staying up C stayed up D to stay up
5 My father doesn’t allow me _ in his room
A to smoke B smoking C smoke D not smoke
6 It’s better to avoid during the rush hour
A travelling B to travel C travel D travelled
7 When I’m tired, I enjoy listening to music It’s
A relax B relaxation C relaxing D relaxed
8 I have difficulty in and English
A speak - writing B speaking - writing C to speak – to write D speak - write I don’t mind _ you the washing up
A help - B helping - doing C helping - D to help – to 10 The children are looking forward to on holiday
A go B going C be going D have gone
11 Her advice made him his mind
A change B to change C changing D changed
12 They spend a lot of time about what they would
A to talk B talk C talking D talked
13 Do your parents permit you at night after 10 p.m.?
A to go out B going out C went out D to going out
14 The Internet will make it easier English
A to learn B learning C learned D to learning
15 They agree _ him some money to buy a new bike
A lending B lend C lent D to lend
16 The climb was because of the bad weather
A terrified B terrify C terrifying D terrifies
17 I hope she doesn’t keep us
A wait B waiting C to wait D waited
18 I am going to have my car _ tomorrow
A to repair B repair C repairing D repaired
19 I find the time of English meals very strange – I’m not used dinner at p.m
A to having B to have C having D have
20 I’m really looking forward _ to university
A to going B to go C going D go
21 I wish I had enough money _ a computer
A buying B to buy C to buying D for buying
22 He telephoned me _ me to his birthday party
A invite B to invite C inviting D for inviting
23 “The Spy Returns” is a very _ film about a wealthy man who visits Italy
A exciting B excited C excitement D excite
24 Tell him to see me at once
A to come B comes C coming D come
25 He advises us more studious
A be B are C to be D being
26) We don’t allow people in this room
A smoke B smoking C smokes D to smoke
27) Nothing will make me my mind
A change B to change C changing D changes
28) Tom let me his car yesterday
A to drive B drive C driving D drove
29) Students stopped noise when the teacher came in
A make B making C to make D made
30) He’ll try the same mistake again
A not make B not to make C to not make D not making
31) Would you mind me a newspaper?
A buying B buy C to buy D bought
32) Would you like a dance with me?
A have B having C to have D has
33) I hope that tiring work again
A not to B not C not doing D not to did
34) They postponed the school for lack of finance
A building B build C to build D built
35) Are his ideas worth to?
(17)36) Do you agree me some money?
A lend B to lend C lending D lent
37) Tom refused me his address
A to give B giving C give D given
38) My watch keeps
A stop B to stop C stopping D stopped
39) My grandfather gets used to up early in the morning
A get B getting C to get D got
40) You should try any shirts you want to buy
A wearing B wear C to wear D wears
41) Do you often practise English?
A speaking B to speak C speak D spoke
42) Would you like me down the radio?
A to turn B turn C turning D to be turned
43) We found it very difficult a decision
A reach B reading C to read D to reaching
44) I was looking forward to you yesterday
A see B to see C saw D seeing
45) It takes me hours a letter
A to write B writing C to be written D written
46) He is too busy care of her
A take B to take C taking D took
47) I promise to give you an opportunity questions
A to ask B ask C asking D asked
48) I caught a cold yesterday from in the rain
A walking B walk C walked D to walked
49) He is very in my story
A to interest B interesting C interested D interests
50) I didn’t find the situation funny It wasn’t
A amuse B amusing C amused D to amused
51) I went home early because I felt
A boring B bore C bored D to bore
52) It’s a work, so you’ll get of it
A bored/ tired B bored/ tiring C boring/ tiring D boring/ tired 53) He seems quite with his new job
A satisfied B satisfy C satisfying D to satisfy
54) Do you think the film is ?
A excite B excited C exciting D to excite
55) It was that he passed the exam
A surprise B surprised C surprising D to surprise
56) Everybody was that he passed the exam
A surprise B surprised C surprising D surprises
57) Why you always look so ? Is your life really ?
A bored/ boring B bored/ bored C boring/ bored D boring/ boring 58) I still(A) remember to leave(B) your hat here(C) this morning(D)
58) He’s(A) tired He stopped(B) to work(C) for a while(D) 60) Please(A) remember write(B) to me(C) as soon(D) as possible 61) She(A) began play(B) the guitar when(C) she was six(D) 62) I’d(A) like telling(B) you something(C) about myself(D)
63) You have an(A) interview with (B)Mr Lee tomorrow Don’t(C) forget meeting(D) him 64) I don’t regret to tell(A) her what(B) I thought, even though (C) it made her angry(D) 65) I tried writing(A) a letter but(B) my hands were too(C) cold to hold(D) a pen
66) Lan enjoys to read(A) English newspapers(B) very much She wants to improve (C) her English(D) 67) It’s(A) no use telephone(B) Lan She’s(C) out now(D)
68) I was lonely(A) at first, but(B) after a short time(C) I got used to live alone(D) 69) Would(A) you mind telling(B) me how get(C) to (D) the post office?
70) I wanted to stop (A) buying(B) some presents, but(C) I didn’t have enough(D) time