On thi tot nghiep THPT 12

Give the correct verb forms: using Past simple tense or Present perfect tense.. Maybe, I (see) her last year1[r]

Chuyên đề Ngữ pháp

Unit 1: Nouns

I Noun

1 Kinds and function a Four kinds

- Danh tõ chung: dog, man, table

- Danh tõ riªng: France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom - Danh tõ trõu tỵng: beauty, charity, fear, joy - Danh tõ tËp hỵp: crowd, group, team, swarm b Function as

- Chủ ngữ: Australia is an English speaking country - Bổ ngữ cho động từ be, become, seem: Tom is an actor - Tân ngữ động từ: I saw Tom in the park

- Tân ngữ giới từ: I spoke to John - Dùng với sở hữu cách: Tom s books’

* Note: + Dùng ’s với ngời, động vật trạng từ thời gian

E.g: Mr Orson s car ’ The elephant s ear ’ The cat s tail’ + Nh÷ng danh tõ sè nhiỊu tËn cïng b»ng s chØ dïng dÊu së h÷u ( ’ )

E.g: The teacher s training college’ + Với đồ vật dùng giới từ of

E.g: The leg of the table The office of the manager 2 Gender (gièng)

- We have masculine (gđ), feminine (gc), and neuter (chung tính) * Chung tính: vật vô sinh, động vật mà ta kô biết giống

* Ngoại lệ: Các tàu loại xe hơi, quốc gia dùng vời nghĩa trang trọng đ-ợc xem nh giống

E.g: Viet Nam lost a lot of her heroes in the war Các danh từ phân giống:

boy - girl bachelor - spinster bridegroom - bride father - mother gentleman - lady husband - wife man - woman nephew - niece son - daughter aunt - uncle widower - widow prince - princess duke - duches monitor - monitress manager - manageress actor - actress waiter - waitress air-hoster - air-hostress steward - stewardess conductor - conductress heir - heiress

hero - heroine policeman - policewoman - Một số danh từ nghề nghiệp có hình thức giống nhau: cook, driver, dancer, assistant, artist, guide, … - Một số loài động vật phân giống:

bull - cow - ox hen - cock dog - bitch goose - gander lion - lioness tiger - tigeress duck - drake ram - ewe 3 Plural (Số nhiều): Chỉ có danh từ đếm đợc có hình thức số nhiều.

a Quy tắc chung: Thêm s vào sau danh từ số b 12 danh từ tận f hay fe đổi thành ves

Calf half knife leaf life

self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf * Note: Một số danh từ nh: scalf (khăn quàng), wharf (bến cảng), hoof (mịng, guốc) thêm s đổi thành ves Những danh từ cịn lại có tận f hay fe thêm s bình thờng

Cliff handkerchief safe

c Một số danh từ biến đổi sang dạng số nhiều cách thay đổi nguyên âm chúng foot -> feet goose -> geese louse -> lice mouse -> mice man -> men tooth -> teeth child-> children ox -> oxen

MPs (Members of Paliament): NghÞ sÜ quèc héi VIPs (Very important persons)

UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) OAPs (Old Age Pensioners): ngời hu trí 4 Danh từ khơng đếm đ ợc (Uncountable noun ) - Những danh từ sau xem nh kô đếm đợc

a Tên gọi chất đợc xem nh chung:

wood, iron, silver, gold, tea, beer, wine, stone, wool, etc b Nh÷ng danh tõ trõu tỵng

information, violence, hope, beauty, death, experience c Những danh từ đợc quy định kô đếm đợc tiếng Anh

bread, news, knowledge, damage, rubbish, etc  Which of these words are uncountable nouns?

letter Word knowledge news countryside deer

ink Spirit rule kiss rain day

ink-pot Statue health information welcome roof

music Freedom drink air forest toothpick

 What is English spelling of these words?

Nớc hoa Ngôi nhà Gia đình Ngời thừa kế Trờng ĐH Chất liệu len Sự tự Đồ uống Khơng gia đình Ngời kơ vợ Trờng CĐ Chất liệu vàng Nữ công tớc Thức ăn S tử (gc) Góa phụ Trờng PTCS Chất liệu bạc Nữ anh hùng Phịng tắm Chó (gc) Nam diễn viên Trng THCS Cht liu st

Giáo viên Từ điển Nam cảnh sát Ca sĩ Trờng THPT Chất liệu chì Học viên Từ điển Anh-Việt Cảnh sát Nhà vệ sinh Nhà trẻ Chất liệu gỗ Find out ten nouns in this box:

T E A C H E r P O o

R F S B O O I X M I

J g f h s N e k I v

H O U S e l I u S A

Y k n A A C L A s s

R t U L X a s d w R

H h I t c y p o r H

H O N E y q d S i J

O o o M O O n Z v m

 Fill in the gaps with suitable word

1 What is your n ? I have a b house

3 My house is very b I am t but she is s Jack is f but Mark is s My shoes are b ; her shoes are p What is your phone n ? -> It is seven d five four two eight T you very much! -> Not at all

9 G morning, Mr Baker! -> G morning, Mark! 10 H are you today? -> I’m f

 ChuyÓn nh÷ng danh tõ sau sang sè nhiỊu

A man A baby A box A book A wife

A woman A play A watch A student A knife

A child A city A church A hat A leaf

A tooth A country A potato A cat A thief

A mouse A key A dish A house A calf

A goose A boy A class A nurse A wolf

A foot A lady A bus A bed A scarf

A person A fly A brush A car A loaf

Sắp xếp tõ sau thµnh cơm tõ hoµn chØnh

Kích thớc -> miêu tả tổng quát (gồm tính từ cá tính & xúc cảm)-> tuổi tác -> hình dạng -> màu sắc -> chất liệu -> Nguồn gốc -> Mục đích + Danh từ

2 A/ bath/ round/ small -> An/ clock/ French/ elegant -> An/ plastic/ old/ bucket ->

5 Jeans/ Vietnamese/ cotton/ green/ new/ nice/ long -> A/ old/ lazy/ man/ stupid ->

7 Girl/ a/ pretty/ tall ->

8 A/ dictionary/ big/ expensive ->

9 Two/ old/ Japanese/ red/ big/ kimonos/ nice -> 10 A/ cold/ Queen/ crude/.->

Unit 2: Tenses of verbs

Present simple i Grammar : Pronouns

Number Person Gender*

Pronouns

Possessive adjectives Subject Object Possessive Reflexive

Singular

1st m/f I me mine myself my

2nd m/f you you yours yourself your

3rd

M he him his himself his

F she her hers herself her

N it it its itself its

Plural

1st m/f we us ours ourselves our

2nd m/f you you yours yourselves your

3rd m/f/n they them theirs themselves their

* m=male f=female n=neuter

Examples:

Pronoun Subject She likes homework.

Object My brothers give me some sweets possessive This homework is yours

Reflexive John and Mark the homework themself possessive adjective The boys break her glasses

II Exercises

A Subject pronoun

1 My name is Sue ………… am English And this is my family My mum's name is Angie ………… is from Germany

4 On the left you can see Simon ……… is my brother Sue and Simon are my friends ……….are twins Our dog is a girl, Judy ……… is two years old

7 Sue, Simon and Bob are my classmates ….live in Canterbury …… is not far from London

8 My grandparents live in London ……….often come and see us What can ………tell me about your family?

B Object pronouns

1 My sister Jane loves books This novel is for (she) ………… My children like Disney films The video is for (they)………

3 My brother Matt collects picture postcards These postcards are for (he)……… My parents like Latin music The CD is for (they)

5 I like watches This nice watch is for (I)

6 My wife and I love sweets These sweets are for (we) My nephew likes cars The toy truck is for (he)

8 My neighbour wants to go to California next year The guide book is for (she) Here is another souvenir I don't know what to with (it)

10 You know what? - It's for (you)

C.Possessive Adjectives:Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives. Where are (you)……… friends now?

2 Here is a postcard from (I)………… friend Peggy She lives in Australia now with (she)………… family (She)……… husband works in Newcastle (He)………… company builds ships

6 (They)………… children go to school in Newcastle (I) …………husband and I want to go to Australia, too We want to see Peggy and (she)………… family next winter

9 (We)………… winter! 10 Because it is (they)……… summer D Possessive Pronouns: Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns This book is (you) The ball is (I)

3 The blue car is (we) The ring is (she) We met Paul and Jane last night This house is (they)

6 The luggage is (he) The pictures are (she)

8 In our garden is a bird The nest is (it) This cat is (we)

10 This was not my fault It was (you)

E Reflexive Pronouns Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO

2 The girl looked at ………….in the mirror

3 Freddy, you'll have to your homework……… You don't need to help them They can it……… I introduced …………to my new neighbour

6 Boys, can you make your beds………? She made ………… a pullover

8 What happens when a fighting fish sees ……….in the mirror? The father decided to repair the car ………

10 We can move the table ………

 Fill in the blanks with HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY

cat and horse………… Mary……… Tom ………

Jack and I ………… books ………… sister ………… You and Dave ……… plane ………… sunshine ………

Pamela ……… news scissors

geese ……… flowers ………… piano ………

school ………… daughter ………… milk ………

children ……… sugar ……… feet ………… bicycle ………… Ann and Kate ……… tennis …………

son ……… mice ……… sky ………

shop ……… buses ………… papers …………

Mr Green ……… brother-in-law ………… picture ………

friendship ………… dolphin ………… The Riggs family ………  Translate into Vietnamese

1 Một ngời ăn chay không ăn thịt

2 Chúng không làm việc vào ngày Thứ Bảy Chủ Nhật Tôi luôn cố gắng để học tập tốt

4 Mặt trời mọc đằng Đông, lặn đằng Tây

5 Vào mùa Thu ngả màu vàng rụng xng

6 Níc s«i ë 100oC (100 degrees celsius)/ (100 degrees centigrade)

7 Anh trai t«i k« sống Anh sống thành phố Hồ ChÝ Minh  Complete the sentences below

8 What/ he/ do/ free time?

9 How often/ Olympic Games/ take place? 10 Who/ teach/ you/ English/ school? 11 Atheist/ believe/ God?

12 My father/ always/ go/ work/ car 13 What time/ you/ go/ bed/ everyday? 14 What/ your name?

15 What/ you/ do? And what/ your father/ do? 16 You/ usually/ get up early/ the morning? 17 What/ you and your sister/ do/ your free time? 18 You/ like/ cook?

19 Today/ the weather/ very cool 20 My mother/ not/ like/ watch/ films 21 My brother/ interviewer

22 He/ always/ interview/ famous people on TV

23 Mary and Jack/ study/ English very well They/ not study/ maths 24 I/ learn to play the piano/ because/ I/ like it

25 Lan and Hoa/ not like/ English They/ think/ English/ be/ difficult 26 Everyday/ My brother and I/ go/ school by bus

27 We/ not/ buy those flowers We/ think/ they/ not be/ beautiful 28 We/ start work/ 7.30 everyday

29 Our lessons/ finish/ 4.30 everyday 30 I/ not like/ the “Yes” men around me

31 First you/ say “Yes”/ then you/ say “No” It/ be/ so difficult to understand you 32 They/ know/ where Jack and David/ live

33 I/ not know/ who/ be/ you?

34 They/ look at her/ then they/ smile 35 The computers/ not be/ mine

39 My brothers/ like Boxing very much They always/ watch it on T.V in the evening 40 My sisters/ cut the cake then they/ give me a small piece

41 My brother and I/ live/ in Ho Chi Minh city.My brother/ not/ married and neither am I 42 I/ usually/ get the bus to work Sometimes/ I/ go/ motorbike

43 You/ ever/ go to work/ car?  Give the correct form of verbs We seldom (eat) before 6.30

2 The sun (rise) in the East and (set) in the West It (be) often hot in Summer But now it (be) cold My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market

5 Everyday, I and my brother (walk) to school because we (not/have) bicycle or motorbike Our family (not/be) very rich My father (be) an engineer, and he (work) for a construction company in Oxford He (not/ go) home until the weekend My mother (be) a nurse, she (be) always busy with her work at London hospital Sometimes, she (work) at nights We never (have) any holidays, because our parents (not/ have) free time In summer, we usually (visit) our grandparents in Oxford, and of cousre, we (take) the train It (be) slow but cheap

6 Everyday, Mark (study) chess problems with his father the he (watch) some model games on T.V He (play) chess all day and never (feel) bored

Unit 5

present continuous & simple past tense

I Vocabulary: body

1 head 11 nostril 21 elbow 31 chest 41 toenail

2 hair 12 chin 22 armpit 32 belly/stomach 42 toe

3 forehead 13 mouth 23 hand 33 navel 43 liver

4 eyebrow 14 lip 24 wrist 34 hip 44 kidney

5 eyelash 15 tooth 25 knuckle 35 leg 45 lung

6 eyelid/ eyeball 16 tongue 26 finger 36 thigh 46 heart

7 cheek 17 neck 27 fingernail 37 knee 47 blood

8 cheekbone 18 throat 28 palm 38 calf 48 nerve

9 dipmle 19 shoulder 29 waist 39 instep 49 skin

10 nose 20 arm 30 back 40 sole 50 pore

II grammar

I Give the correct verb forms: using past simple, simple present or present continuous tense

1 Be quiet! The baby (sleep)

2 We sometimes (go) out for a dinner in a small restaurant Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) (catch) it

4 Look, dad! The cat (want) (catch) the mouse but the mouse (run) too fast Jack (be) usually at work at 7.30 but today he (stay) at home because he (be) ill

6 I (do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it My father never (allow) us to play near his car

8 It (rain) much in Summer It (rain) now

9 Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present, She always (cook) in the morning 10 Hey, look! That (be) Tom Oh, No, he (look) at the other street!

11 Where David and Rose (be) yesterday?

12 I (not / can / swim) when I (be) three but I (can / swim) now

15 You (like / talk) to people? 16 I (be / born) in nineteen sixty 17 What time you (get) yesterday?

18 Yesterday my fatfer (drive) car to work but today he (go) by bus 19 The film last night (be/ not) very interesting

20 Why you (not/ buy) anything for her birthday?

21 The children ……… (play) outside now

22 She usually ……… (read) the newspaper in the morning

23 At this moment I (do)…… an exercise on Present continous tense and I (think) I can (do) it well 24 I ……… (eat) my dinner now

25 ……… (you / want) a pizza? 26 They ……… (watch) TV now 27 I ……… (not / like) spaghetti

28 Keeps silent, Tommy! Your sister ……… (sleep)! 29 My mother usually ……… (cook) dinner in the evening 30 He ……… (write) a letter to his pen-friend every month 31 She ……… (not / like) football

32 Mary ……… (listen) to music now

33 Tom usually ………(drink) coffee, but he ……… (drink) tea now 34 We ……… (go) to the disco tonight

35 He ……… (go) to work by bus everyday

36 Susan usually … (go) to school by bus, but now she …… (go) to school by train 37 Mary often ……… (read) in bed, but today she is very tired and she …… (not / read) 38 The boys usually (ride) their bikes to school They (like / ride) their bikes They (be) very

naughty boys They always (go) to school late Today their teacher (be) very angry, because they (be) late again

39 Mary (like / eat) sweets Every morning she (have) coffee with a lot of sweets and chocolate For lunch she and her friends often (eat) sweets or ice-cream She (not / like / eat) fruit or vegetables She (eat / never) eggs or cheese Today she (be) sick She (sleep) in her room now 40 Look! Jane ……… (sing) again She often ……… (sing) this song

41 The girls ……… (not / talk) now All of them ………… (watch) a film 42 Cuckoos (not build) nests They (use) the nests of other birds

43 You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath

44 He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea

45 What she (do) in the evenings? ~She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV 46 I won't go out now as it (rain) and I -(not have) an umbrella

47 The last train (leave) the station at 11.30

47 He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him

48 Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment She (make) all her own clothes 49 Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays

50 I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups —Don't worry I (not like) that set anyway 51 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong

52 Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it 53 I'm busy at the moment I (redecorate) the sitting room 54 The kettle (boil) now Shall I make the tea?

55 You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? -I (enjoy) myself very much I (want) to stay to the end

56 How you (get) to work as a rule? ~I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car 57 Why you (put) on your coat? ~I (go) for a walk You (come) with me?

Yes, I'd love to come You (mind) if I bring my dog?

58 How much you (owe) him?-I (owe) him $5 ~You (intend) to pay him?

II Choose a word which the bold and underline part have different pronunciation from the others

1 A table B far C cofee bar D apartment A oranges B magazines C houses D watches

3 A hour B here C hello D house

5 A mother B there C their D thin

6 A loves B umbrellas C apples D books

III Fill in the gaps with a suitable words

David …… a bank manager and Rosa is a in a large hospital David … up at 6.00 and.… a shower He leaves home … 8.00 and.… to work … train Rosa gets up at 9.30 because she … start work until p.m David finishes his… at 5.30 p.m and.… shooping in a supermarket … his bank Then he.… home and cooks He eats alone … the kitchen at 7.00 and then he usually……… T.V … the living room Rosa usually comes … late because she … got a lot of patients in her hospital Rosa doesn’t

watch TV She tired and wants go to bed early

…… ……

IV Complete the sentences using the suggested words below

1 Yesterday / there/ a good play / T.V There/ a modern kitchen / your house? Her interesting story / make me happy Peter Pan / important man / this city What / there / your fridge? After school, Linda/ usually/ go/ library Last night/ I/ hear/ strange sound/ my kitchen His stereo/ not good

9 How / your lesson yesterday? -> Well, It / very difficult 10 Last week, Thomas / have a flight/ Lond don

11 When / my brother/ 19, / he / study Maths / his college 12 This morning, he / kiss / his wife / and / go to work 13 He / always/ kiss / his wife/ before going to work

14 What / you / enjoy / when / you / in America? -> I / enjoy / go to the cinemas 15 Mumy, I / lose my pen / school I / not / can find it

16 What language / you / speak when / you / five?17 What kinds of sport / you / like / play? 18 When / I / fifteen /, I / work 10 hours a day in the cotton fields, / and I / hate / that job

19 I / meet / John / 1999, and / we/ marry/ 2001

20 My wife / very lazy She / never/ help / me anything 21 You / not / call me / when / you / in Paris Why?

22 You / promise to send me your letter and give me your call/ But, Why / you / not/ that? Or you / not / remember?

23 My grandmother / usually / tell me story / when I / a child 24 How much butter / there / fridge / yesterday? You / eat all?

25 When / I/ come home yesterday, I / very hungry/ but / I / not/ have anything to eat

V Give the correct verb forms.

Rita (live) (1) with her parents in Sao Paolo She (not/ go) (2) to school but (study) (3) cooking in a restaurant Rita (love)(4) (cook)(5) The manager of the restaurant (be) (6) a beautiful lady Everyday, Rita (go) (7) to the restaurant at a.m and (start) (8) her work at 8.15 Rita always (have) (9) a small notebook in her pocket, so that she (can/write) (10) all the things she (want/ remember) (11) Two months ago, when the first time Rita (come) (12) here, she (not/ know) (13) anything about cooking Rita (can / not / classify) (14) the vegetables, meat, milk, eggs, etc Rita also (not / know) (15) how much salt or butter she needed for the dishes But now, she can everything quite well

VI Give the correct verb forms

It (be) about two o’clock in the morning, and… suddenly I (wake) up I (hear) a noise I (get) out of bed and (go) slowly downstairs There (be) a light on in the living room I (listen) carefully I (can) hear two men speaking very quietly “Burglars!” I (think) “Two burglars!” Immediately I (run) back upstairs and (phone) the police I (be) very frightened Fortunately the police (arrive) quikly They (open) the front door and (go) into the living room Then they (come) upstairs to find me “It’s all right now, sir”, they (explain) “We (turn) the television off for you!”

VII. Fill in each gap with a suitable word in the table below

alone House because about best kitchen I live in a …………near the sea It’s an old house,………… 100 years old, and it’s very small There are two ……… upstairs but no bathroom The ……… is downstairs next to the and there’s a living-room where there’s a lovely old There’s a garden in front of the

…… ………

house The garden goes down to the……… , and in Spring and Summer there are………… everywhere I live ……….with my dog, Boxer, but we have a lot of……… Many of my friends work in the city, so they often stay with me ……….they want to relax I love my house for many reasons: the garden, the flowers in summer, the fire in winter, but the……… thing is the view from my bedroom window

III Read the paragraph and answer the questions

Brian is a doctor He looks after sick people He usually gets up at 6.00 o’clock Today he is late, it is 6.30 and he is still in bed He usually goes to work by train but today he is driving to work He arrives at work at 6.30 every morning but it is 7.30 now and he is still driving

It’s 12.00 o’clock now He always has his lunch at 12.00 but today he isn’t having lunch at 12.00, he is looking after his sick patients It is half past seven now, Brian is watching TV He usually watches TV at half past seven because his favorite programme starts at half past seven Brian has his dinner at 8.30 everyday and he is having dinner now

It is 24.00 now Brian is going to bed He always goes to bed at 24.00 

1 What does Brian do? When does he always have his lunch? What time does he usually get up? What is he doing at 12.00 today?

3 How does he usually go to work? Why does he usually watch TV at 7.30? Why is he driving to work today? What time does he go to bed?

5 What time does he arrive at work everyday? 10 What time is he going to bed now?

Unit 6

Past continuous & Present perfect continuous I Vocabulary: jobs

1 teach-> 13 tell-> 25 pilot 37 housekeeper 49 butcher work-> 14 hat-> 26 steward/ess 38 doorman 50 huckster farm-> 15 sail-> 27 engineer 39 artist 51 grocer invent-> 16 drive-> 28 architect 40 fashion designer 52 beggar translate-> 17 barber 29 nurse 41 model 53 baker post-> 18 hairdresser 30 doctor 42 receptionist 54 director police-> 19 mechanic 31 vet 43 accountant 55 politician sing-> 20 carpenter 32 pediatrist 44 messenger 56 spy garden-> 21 travel agent 33 psychology 45 thief 57 priest 10 paint-> 22 greengrocer 34 dentist 46 burglar 58 monk 11 write-> 23 florist 35 pharmacist 47 robber 59 President 12 report-> 24 electrician 36 tailor 48 fishmonger 60 Minister

Ii grammar

Phân biệt cách dùng thời

Present perfect Present perfect progressive

 Hành động chấm dứt tại, có kết rõ rệt

VÝ dô: I have waited for you for half an hour (now I stop waiting)

 Thờng dùng với câu hỏi: how many, how much, how many times để hỏi kquả hành động

 Hành động tiếp tục tiếp diễn khơng có kết rõ rệt

VÝ dô: I have been waiting for you for half an hour (and continue waiting)

 Thờng dùng với câu hỏi: how long để hỏi khoảng thời gian hành động bđầu xảy

iII Exercises

a One day last Summer, I (walk) through the local park It (be) a hot day and I (eat) an ice-cream As I (walk) past the boating lake, I (see) my friends, Carol and Jim They were (take) their dog for a walk When we (meet), we (stop) for a chat While we (talk), the dog suddenly jumped up and (try) to get my ice cream I (pull) my hand away and unfortunately the ice cream (come) out of the cone Now there (be) a bald man behind me The poor man (be/ not) doing any harm He just (sit) on the bench and (read) a newspaper Well, when I (pull) my hand away, the ice cream (fly) through the air and it landed on the man’s head I (know) whether to laugh or cry, but Carol and Jim did When I (look) at them, they just ( not/ laugh), they were in hysterics But I was very embrrassed

b When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep) c The light (go) out while we (have) dinner

d Bill (have) breakfast when I (stop) at his house this morning e As we (cross) the street, we (see) an acident

f While my father (read) a newspaper, I (learn) my lesson and my sister (cook) g The bell (ring) while Tom (take) a bath

h Katherine’s story: It (be) two years ago now – about eight o’clock in the evening We (sit) in the living room My husband (sit) in an armchair He (read) the papers, as he always did I (sit) on the sofa I (knit) Our daughter (expect) a baby There (be) a quiz show on the TV, it was Stike it Lucky It isn’t interesting We (have) a normal evening at home, when suddenly my husband put down his papers and (say): “I’m sorry, but I can’t stand this any longer I’m totally bored with our marriage I don’t love you and I (want) (divorce)!” My husband (go) upstairs and (pack) his suitcase When he (come) downstairs I still (knit) He said “I’m leaving”, and I said “Would you like a cup of tea first?” He (stare) at me and (ask): “Oh, my God! Is that all you can say?” Then he (leave)

2 Give the correct verb forms: using Present perfect or present perfect continuous

1 How long you (study) English? -> For years I (wait) for two hours, but she (not/ come) yet They (live) in HCM city since 1975 and now they are still there

4 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many books you (read)? He (not/ be) here since Christmas, I wonder where he (live) since then Jack (go) to Paris for a holiday He never (be) there

7 A: Hello, Jack’s on the phone! -> B: Hey! You (sleep) so far? I (ring) for the last twenty minutes He (write) a novel for two years, but he (not/ finish) it yet

9 Mary (lose) her hat and she (look) for it until now 10 I (see) that film several times because I like it

11 I’m trying to study I (try) to study for the last hour, but something always seems to interrupt me I think I’d better go to the library

12 The children are playing basketball right now They (play) for almost two hours They must be getting tired 13 The telephone (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my roommate

14 The telephone (ring) for almost a minute Why doesn’t someone answer it? 15 It (rain) all day I wonder when it will stop

16 We (have) three accidents so far this week I wonder how many more we will have if you keep using the tools carelessly

17 We (live) here since last June

18 My little son is dirty from head to foot because he (play) in the mud

19 What’s the matter? Your eyes are red and puffy I hope you (not / cry) Oh, now I understand You (peel) some onions

20 Hello, Rob I’m happy to see you again I (not / see) you for weeks What you (do) lately? 21 I (not / be) able to reach my boss on the phone yet I (try) for the last twenty minutes, but the line busy 22 We (have) three major snowstorms so far this winter I wonder how many more we will have 23 I (write) them three times, but I still haven’t received a reply

24 A: Harrison is so good ! How long he (be) at the university? B: He (teach) here for 25 years 25 A: What are you going to order for dinner?-> B: I (have / have) pizza So I think, I’ll order that 26 My uncle (paint) the outside of his house for three weeks and he’s still not finished

27 The Smiths are presently in Tunisia They (travel) throughout North Africa since the middle of May They’ll return home in another month

3 Give the correct verb forms: using Present tense

1 Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the door

2 Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days

5 How many time you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh? Rivers usually (flow) to the sea

7 Look! The boy (cry) and (shout)

8 Do you know that man, who (smoke) there?

9 We (be) from France, but we (be) in England for 20 years 10 That house (belong) to Mr Green

11 I (be) sorry I (forget) that girl’s name already

4 Give the correct verb forms: using Past simple tense or Present perfect tense

1 I (see) her before Maybe, I (see) her last year Tom never (be) in Ha Noi

3 I (read) the novel written by Jack London for several times What you (do) yesterday? You (watch) TV last night? He (write) a book since last year

6 Mr Green (teach) English in this school since he (graduate) from the university in 1986

5 Translate into English

1 Năm đ xuất đà ợc 100 gạo Anh đ chụp nhiều ảnh.Ã

3 Tôi đ dịch xong câu.Ã

4 Mai đ học trã ờng THPT Chuyên đợc năm Lan chơi đàn piano từ cô y tui

6 Chị gái đ viết vài thÃ

7 Tôi đ học tiếng Anh từ tuổi chà a bào cảm thấy chán môn học Tôi cha yêu ai, tôi, 28 tuổi, sống

6 Put ‘been’ or ‘gone’ into the gaps below

1 She was here, but she has ………to the bank I don’t know when she comes back He has a lot of money and he has just ……… to the bank You can meet him They have ……… to London several times

4 He has ……….to Spain and won’t come back till next week

5 He isn’t here He has ………to the post-office to buy some stamps This is the first time I’ve ……….to Ha Noi I have never ………… here before My sister has just ……… to Washington city She will be there for three weeks He has……… to California three times

9 John has ……… working in Washington for three years 10 We haven’t ……… to the store yet

7 choose the best answer

1 Lan ……… Dalat last summer

a visit b.visits c.visited d.visiting They enjoy ……… stamps

a.collect b.to collect c.collected d.collecting

3 What was wrong……….her?

a with b.of c.from d.to

4 Wash your hands……… meals

a after b before c.drink d.eat

5 Long was absent ……….class yesterday

a from b.to c.in d.with

6 You should go to bed early Don’t ……….up late

a get b go c stay d.stayed

7 Mai toothache last week

A has B is having C had D.will have 8.They on the farm now

A work B worked C will work D.are working Don/t worry He how to fill the cavity in your tooth

A know B is knowing C.knows D knew 10.Yesterday, Mr Hoang a new job at the Thanh Cong factory

A started B starts C will start D is going to start 11 She looks tired What/s the with her?

A matter B happen C wrong D worry

12 come to the meeting last night? - Because I was busy

A Why did you B When will you C Why didn/t you 13 My brother doesn/t like pork and

A come B coming C to come D comes

8 Fill in the missing article

1 Tim’s father bought him bicycle that he had wanted for a long time

2 .Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to United States Rita is studying English and Math this semester

4 judge asked witness to tell truth

5 Please give me cup of coffee with cream and sugar big books on the table are for my history class

7 Noone in Spainish class knows correct answer to Mr Brown’s question When you go to store, please buy bottle of chocolate milk and dozen oranges Lake Eries is on of five great lakes in North America

10 There are only …… few seats left for…… tonight’s musical show at…… university 11 John and Mary goes to …… School by bus and then study in …… library

12 On our trip to ……… Spain, we crossed …… Atlantic Ocean 13 What did you eat for ……… breakfast this morning?

14 David plays…… basketball and baseball at ……… Boy’s club this year 15 Jack attends ……… Princeton University

16 ………… chair that you are sitting in is broken

Unit 7

Future tenses I vocabulary

1 rose 13 tulip 25 grapefruit 37 cherry

2 lily 14 orchid 26 apple 38 banana

3 Pansy 15 gardenia 27 pineapple 39 date

4 Peach blossom 16 violet 28 lemon 40 mango

5 Antigone 17 sugarcane 29 melon 41 peanut

6 Gerbera 18 rice 30 watermelon 42 hazelnut

7 Cherry blossom 19 wheat 31 coconut 43 plum

8 sunflower 20 oat 32 papaya 44 peach

9 lilac 21 corn 33 orange 45 bamboo

10 canation 22 oak 34 berry 46

11 daisy 23 pine 35 strawberry 47

12 marigold 24 grape 36 pear 48

II Exercises

1 Supply the correct verb tense

Rob Fellow (come) from England He (come) to Paris six months ago to learn French He (start) learning French at school in London when he (be) 11, so he (learn) it for nearly ten years He just (take) an exam Today he (be) very excited because his parents (come) tomorrow and they (stay) with him for few days

4 - You (know) what the writer’s name (be)? -> Oh, I (forget) I (read) it a long time ago Noone knows how long the meeting tomrrow (last)

6 The boys (not/ enjoy) (do) lessons They would like (play) games They (not/ stop) (eat) since they arrived

8 – You ever (be) to Cambridge? -> Yes, I (be) there last month - How you (get) there? -> My brother (take) me in his car

9 How long ago you (buy) these adventure stories?

10 We still (do) our homework now But we (go) with you right after we (finish) it 11 He (be) good to me since I (be) a little girl I (not/ forget) his kindness

12 What you (do) at o’clock yesterday when he (come) to see you? -> Oh, I (write) a letter 13 You ever (be) ………… to England? – Yes, I (go)……… there years ago

14 It’s difficult to get used to (eat)……… with chopsticks 2 Make a complete letter (2pts).

Dear Julia,

1 I / be / sorry / it / take / so long / reply / your letter You / please / know / I come / London / next weekend It / seem / long time / we / meet

4 I / wonder / you / like / go / see / film / play There / be / new / Harrison Ford film / at / Odeon Perhaps / can go / meal / drink / afterwards

7 Give / ring / later / week / arrange / more definite Look / forward / hear / you / soon

3 Chọn từ mà phần gạch chân, in đậm có cách phát âm khác với từ lại

1 A table B park C cofee bar D apartment

2 A oranges B magazines C houses D watches

3 A hour B here C hello D house

4 A a B glass C of D water

5 A mother B there C their D thin

6 A loves B umbrellas C apples D Books

7 A chapter B yatch C manage D panel

8 A ache B chemist C Christmas D approach

9 A junior B humour C stew D purify

10 A hall B doll C chalk D forecast

11 A three B through C months D than

4 Choose the best answer

1 There are chances that Manchester United the last match against Juventus A won B will win C has won D would win It is six years we moved to Chicago

A when B that C since D after I am sorry I have forgotten _ a table at the restaurant for you

A reserving B to reserve C having reserved D to be reserved I am leaving the key under the pot in the garden _ you should be home earlier than usual

A because B in case C so that D though Susan couldn’t help when I told her the joke

A laughing B laugh C to laugh D laughed Your hair needs You’d better have it done tomorrow

A cut B to cut C cutting D being cut

7 Doctors advise too many hours watching television

8 As soon as you hear the alarm, you all have to leave the building

A on the verge B under law C at no time D without delay Jane likes watching films, but she is not keen on any kind

A specially B certainly C largely D particularly 10 If you come to the theatre late, you have to wait until the to get in

A break B interval C refreshment D half-time 11 Too many tests and exams have put high school students pressure

A in B on C under D into

12 I am fed hanging around here with nothing to

A up on B out of C up with D by

13 My little son is learning how to his shoes

A put off B get on C take to D up 5 Give the correct verb forms: using Future tense

1 I’m sure they (complete) the new road by June He (wait) for you when you (get) back tomorrow

3 At this same time tomorrow, we (drive) through Pennsylvania We (see) you next Monday

5 In two years from now, the contract (come) to an end Who (look) after the children when you are away? By November I (work) for this company for years

8 We (marry) this weekend, and we wonder if you could come? I (buy) you a present on your birthday, Linda!

6 Choose the best answer

1 John likes tennis

A playing B play C played D plays What will you during your vacation?

A did B does C D doing Would you like to go the library?

A to B on C at

4 There’s nothing in the refrigerator Let’s to the market A go B went C goes

5 English books are on the shelves the right A on B at C in We enjoy in summer

A swim B swam C swimming your sister be home dinner tonight?

A do-with B does-at C will-for D did-for Vietnamese students longer vacations than American students

A has B have C had D having Could you show me the way the railway station please?

A to B at C next 10 How is it from Hanoi to Hue?

A many B long C far 11 beautiful day!

A How B What a C What 12 - Where is the bank? -

A Turn left and then right B About 15 minutes C It’s km 13 you have English at school?

A What B Where C When 14 He travel to Hai Phong tomorrow

A to drink B drink C drinking 16 We are………….a play for the school anniversary celebration

A making B rehearsing C doing 17 That’s a good ………… Let’s go to the beach

A thinking B word C idea 18 Does Nam often play marbles………….recess

A on B at C in 19 - I don’t like jazz music - _

A I either B I am, too C Neither I D So I 20 Phong usually _TV in the evening, but yesterday evening he _ to music A watches… listens B watches… listened

C watches… is listening D watched… listens 21 How many people will take part the WTS day?

A on B for C in D at 22 My mother always drives

A careful B carefully C slow D fastest 23 You ought to to the dentist

A going B to go C go D will go 24 Stop, please! That's too sugar

A many B some C much D few I am glad you're feeling better

A hear B hearing C heard D to hear 26 I would like you about my school and my teachers

A to tell B telling C tell D tells 27 I don't like coffee Lan doesn't like it,

A neither B either C too D so 28 You must drink water every day

A many B few C much D any 29 Ha likes candy we

A Neither B So C Either D Too 30 Let's to the zoo

A to go B goes C going D go 31 - What's _with you - I have a toothache

A matter B wrong C happen 32 Nam is a good soccer player He plays soccer _

A good B bad C well 33 Minh _ playing football to badminton

A prefers B likes C would like 34 _to play chess with me- Yes, I'd love to

A What about B Would you like C Let's

35 _ a beautiful dress!

A How B What C Which 36 My father enjoys _books in his free time

A to read B read C reading 37 How _is the blue hat?

A often B many C much 38 The toy store is _the restaurant

A near B far C between 39 Did Jane buy any _

A souvenirs B picture C book 40 After the holiday they returned to Ha Noi _bus A by B on C in

41 They home at 6.30 in the evening, then they had dinner

A many B much C far

43 Ba wanted to buy some English newspapers, so he went to the _ A library B bookstore C clothing store 44 Add _salt and pepper to the soup

UNIT 8

I VOCABULARY: verbs

1 agree 11 affirmative 21 paint 31 guess 41 disallow

2 disagree 12 affirmation 22 illustrate 32 appear 42

3 agreeable 13 approve 23 share 33 disappear 43

4 agreement 14 disapprove 24 admire 34 appearance 44 arrange advantage 15 approvable 25 complain 35 affect 45 disarrange disadvantage 16 approval 26 reserve 36 disaffect 46

7 advantageous 17 believe 27 consist + of 37 47

8 + ness 18 disbelieve 28 insist + on 38 48 describe

9 affirm 19 belief 29.contain 39 49

10 disaffirm 20 draw 30 hold 40 allow 50

I Một số trờng hợp cần ý

 Be tired of # Be tired from  Be grateful to sb for sth  Be responsible to sb for sth

 Be good/ bad at # Be good/ bad for  Be kind/ nice to + V ; It’s kind/ nice of sb

II Giới từ theo sau động từ

1 appologize sb for sth call off

2 admire sb of sth object to sb/ V-ing

3 belong to sb approve of sth to sb

4 accuse sb of sth participate in

5 blame sb for sth succeed in

6 congratulate sb on sth prevent sb/ sth from

7 differ from agree with

8 introduce to sb beg for

9 give up borrow sth from sb

10 look at 10 depend on

11 look for 11 change into/ turn into

12 look after 12 arrive at

13 look up 13 arrive in

14 look forward to + V-ing 14 get married/ ingaged to sb/

15 put on 15.put off

Extension

I Read the passage then the tasks below

Joanne Ussery, 54, from Mississippi is a big favorite with her two grandsons because she lives on a jet plane Her home is a Boeing 727, so visit to grandma is very special

Joanne’s front door is at the top of the plane’s steps, but you don’t need a ticket or a passport when you visit There are three bedrooms, a living room, a modern kitchen, and a luxury bathroom The bathroom is in the cockpit, with the bath ubder the windows Next to this is Joanne’s bedroom with four emergency exit doors, which she opens on Summer evenings On the wall there’s a photo of the plane flying from Florida to Caribbean There are also four toilets, all with No Smoking signs Joanne says: “The plane is 27 years old It has all the things you want in a home: a telephone, air conditioning, a cooker, a washing machine, even a dishwasher It’s always very warm, even in winter, and it’s very big, 42 metres long My grandchildren love running up and down And my friends love parties here, but there aren’t any flight attendants to serve them their drinks!”

* New words:

- emergency exit: Cưa tho¸t hiĨm - cockpit: buång l¸i m¸y bay

- a flight attendant: tiếp viên hàng không step: bậc lên xuống 1 Answer these questions below basing on the text

a How old is she? d How many grandsons does she have? b Where does she live? e How many bedrooms are there? c How old is her home? f How many toilets are there? 2 Say these sentences are true (T) or false (F) or no information (NF)

a Joanne loves her home ………

b You neet a ticket when you want to visit her ………

c The bathroom is next to the living room ………

d Joanne has a small cinema in her plane ………

e Joanne sometimes opens the emergency exit door ……… f There is a photo of the plane in the living room ………

g Joanne has got three cats ………

h It’s very warm in summer because she doesn’t have air conditioning ……… i Her friends love her parties because flight attendants serve the drinks ………

j Joanne wants to sell her plane ………

II Fill in each gap with a suitable word in the table below

Many of my friends work in the city, so they often stay with me ……….they want to relax I love my house for many reasons: the garden, the flowers in summer, the fire in winter, but the……… thing is the view from my bedroom window

III Read the paragraph and answer the questions

Brian is a doctor He looks after sick people He usually gets up at 6.00 o’clock Today he is late, it is 6.30 and he is still in bed He usually goes to work by train but today he is driving to work He arrives at work at 6.30 every morning but it is 7.30 now and he is still driving It’s 12.00 o’clock now He always has his lunch at 12.00 but today he isn’t having lunch at 12.00, he is looking after his sick patients It is half past seven now, Brian is watching TV He usually watches TV at half past seven because his favorite programme starts at half past seven Brian has his dinner at 8.30 everyday and he is having dinner now

It is 24.00 now Brian is going to bed He always goes to bed at 24.00

 What does Brian do? When does he always have his lunch? What time does he usually get up? What is he doing at 12.00 today?

3 How does he usually go to work? Why does he usually watch TV at 7.30? Why is he driving to work today? What time does he go to bed?

5 What time does he arrive at work everyday? 10 What time is he going to bed now? IV Supply the correct form of the verbs with PRESENT CONTINUOUS or SIMPLE PRESENT

42.The children ……… (play) outside now

43.She usually ……… (read) the newspaper in the morning

44.At this moment I (do) an exercise on Present continous tense and I (think) I can (do) it well 45.I ……… (eat) my dinner now

46.……… (you / want) a pizza? 47.They ……… (watch) TV now 48.I ……… (not / like) spaghetti

49.Keeps silent, Tommy! Your sister ……… (sleep)! 50.My mother usually ……… (cook) dinner in the evening 51 He ……… (write) a letter to his pen-friend every month 52 She ……… (not / like) football

53 Mary ……… (listen) to music now

54 Tom usually ………(drink) coffee, but he ……… (drink) tea now 55 We ……… (go) to the disco tonight

56 ……… (he / go) to work by bus everyday

57 Susan usually ……… (go) to school by bus, but now she … (go) to school by train 58 Mary often ……… (read) in bed, but today she is very tired and she …… (not / read) 59 The boys usually ……… (ride) their bikes to school They ……… (like / ride) their

bikes They ……(be) very naughty boys They always …… (go) to school late Today their teacher ……… (be) very angry, because they ……… (be) late again 60 Mary …… (like / eat) sweets Every morning she … (have) coffee with a lot of

sweets and chocolate For lunch she and her friends often …… (eat) sweets or ice-cream She ……… (not / like / eat) fruit or vegetables She ……… (eat / never) eggs or cheese Today she ……… (be) sick She ……… (sleep) in her room now 61 Look! Jane ……… (sing) again She often ……… (sing) this song 62 The girls ……… (not / talk) now All of them ………… (watch) a film V Pick out the word whose underlined part has the pronunciation different from that of the other words

1 A pain B great C bread D break E steak

2 A fan B apple C catch D wash E lamp

3 A chair B cheap C chorus D child E champion

4 A full B push C pull D just E put

5 A picture B chair C machine D question E march

1 A much B drug C future D buffalo

2 A horrible B hour C hundred D hold

4 A chicken B coach C orchestra D change

5 A started B weighed C measured D called

6 A freight B height C weight D eight

7 A serious B symptom C sugar D sauce

8 A stove B moment C sometime D close

9 A wet B better C rest D pretty

10 A party B lovely C sky D empty

VI Choose the best answer

1 We will take part …… an important race across the Alantic (at / in / on / to) We are very froud him (in / for / of / about) Lan will be seventeen her next birthday (in / at / of / on) Her birthday is on the of July (twelve / twelveth / twelfth / twelf) I’d like your club (join / joined / is joining / to join) … hours are there in a day ? (How much / How many / How / How about) I have breakfast with my family every morning (a / an / / the) Sometimes I watch TV go out with my friends (or / and / but / so) 10 We often have to suffer the pressure in life made of ourselves (from / of / with / about) 11 So far, no cure for the common cold and no medicine to prevent it

(it is / there is / there are / they are)

12 People have all kinds of ideas about to prevent and treat colds (what/why/where/how) 13 .…… say that you should avoid getting wet and chilled or you will catch cold

(doctors/ dentists/ vets/ teachers)

14 You know by symptoms that you have a clod and you feel completely miserable (this / that / these / they)

15 When he goes fishing , he often catches (old boots / rubbish / a lot fishes / nothing) 16 The is showing them his plans of the new building

(doctor / pianist / architect / dancer)

17 If you the directions , you couldn’t get lost (to follow / follow / following / follows) 18 Turn left the station and walk past a chemist’s on your right (out / outside / inside / in) 19 Take the Number 15 bus from the station and at the Star Hotel

(get up / get by / get on / get off)

20 I don’t want much sugar in my coffee Just , please (a few / a little / fewer / less) VII Put in AT,ON or IN

1 Mozart was born in Salzburg 1756

2 I haven’t seen Kate for a few days.I last saw her Tuesday The price of electricity is going up October

4 I have been invited to a wedding 14 February Hurry up! We’ve got to go five minutes I am busy just now but I’ll be a moment

7 Jenny’s brother is an engineer but he’s out of work the moment There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve

9 I hope the weather will be nice the weekend 10 Saturday night I went to bed 11 o’clock 11 I don’t like travelling night

12 We travelling overnight to Paris and arrived o’clock the morning 13 The course begins January and ends sometimes April

14 It was quite a short book and easy to read.I read it a day

15 I might not be at home Tuesday morning but I’ll probably be there the afternoon 16 My car is being repaired at the garage.It will be ready two hours

17 The telephone and the doorbell rang the same time

18 Mary and Henry always go out for a meal their wedding anniversary 19 Henry is 63.He’ll be retiring from his job two years’s time

20 I don’t like travelling noon VIII Put IN,ON or AT in where necessary.

2 a What are you doing … Saturday? b What are you doing … the weekend? a They often go out … the evenings b They often go out … Sunday evenings a Do you work … Wednesday? b Do you work …… every Wednesday? a We usually have a holiday … the summer b We usually have a holiday … Christmas a Pauline got married …… 1991 b Pauline got married … 18 May 1991

c Pauline is getting married … this year

IX Complete the sentences.Each time use AT,ON or IN + one of the following The evening about 20 minutes 1492 Christmas

21 July 1969 the same time the 1920s Sundays The Middle Ages 11 seconds night the moment

1 Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America in 1942 In Britain most people not work

3 If the sky is clear,you can see the stars

4 After working hard during the day,I like to relax The first man walked on the moon

6 It’s difficult to listen if everyone is speaking Jazz beame popular in the United States I am just going out to the shop.I’ll be back

9 (on the phone) “Can I speak to Clare?” “I am afraid she’s not here 10 In Britain people send each other cards

11 Many of Europe’s great cathedrals were built 12 Bob is a very fast runner.He can run 100 metres

Unit 9: verb patterns I Phân loại động từ (classification of verb)

Ngoại động từ (Transitive verb) Nội động từ (Intransitive verb) E.x: The referee blows his whistle E.x: We walked across the fields

- Ngoại động từ có tân ngữ: trực tiếp gián tiếp Nobody knows where the old man lives E.x: My mother gives me some money

# My mother gives money to me

direct object: ‘money’ / indirect object: ‘me’ - Ngo¹i đtừ có từ làm bổ ngữ cho tân ng÷

E.x: We thought him clever./ They elected him president

* Động từ liên kết (Linking verbs ) : từ kô diễn tả nghĩa rõ rệt, cần có từ khác bổ túc nghĩa E.x: My father is a doctor

- Một số từ liên kết nh: to be, to become, to seem, to look, to feel, to sound, etc (sau danh từ hay tính từ) E.x: The clouds look black./ He wants to become a teacher

II Các hình thức động từ (form of verbs)

1 Động từ nguyên thể (infinitive ) : có to (to-infinitive) kô (bare infinitive) 1.1 Bare infinitive: dùng trờng hợp sau

 Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may, must, will, could  Sau đtừ cảm quan nh: see, hear, feel, make, let

E.x: I saw her get off the bus

(nhng dạng bị động fải có to: She was seen to get off the bus)  Sau ngữ động từ nh: had better, would rather

E.x: You had better tell him the truth

1.2 The gerund: hình thức đtừ tận -ing vµ cã tÝnh chÊt cđa danh tõ E.x: Collecting stamps is my hobby -> My hobby is collecting stamps

1.3 The participles: hình thức đtừ có tính chất tính từ (Trừ đtừ khuyết thiếu) Các đtừ có hình thức động tính từ:

 Present participles: ending with -ing (ngụ ý chủ động).

 Past participles: ending with -ed hình thức khác (ngụ ý bị động).

E.x: This book is very interesting # I m interested in this book’

IIi Cách dùng động từ (the uses of verbs )

 Chđ ng÷ (sau appear, seem, be):

E.x: To see Ronaldo is all what I desire & To love is to believe  Bỉ ng÷: E.x: Tommy s greatest wish is to tell Josa his love’  T©n ng÷: E.x: I forget to bring you the umbrella

* Đtừ nguyên thể th ờng đ ợc dùng làm tân ngữ sau đtừ sau : agree, arrange, ask, begin, care, choose, claim, come, continue, decide, deserve, determine, demand, desire, expect, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, offer, promise, propose, refuse, swear, try, threaten, tend, etc

* Đtừ nguyên thể th ờng đ ợc dùng làm tân ngữ sau cụm từ sau : make sure, make up one’s mind, take the trouble, take care

E.x: Tom takes the trouble to help me to London

* Đtừ nguyên thể th ờng đ ợc dùng làm tân ngữ cấu trúc có tÝnh tõ : (*) S + be + adj + to inf

E.x: Dinner is ready to be served./ This soup is not very good to eat S + be + adj + for sb+ to inf

S E.x: He was happy for me to leave sign in the form

* To-infinitive đ ợc dùng sau từ để hỏi nh : what, where, when, who, how, which etc E.x: I don t know ’ what to say

 Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ hay đại từ bất định

E.x: Give them someting to drink! & The book to be rewritten is very interesting  Đóng vai trị trạng ngữ mục đích

E.x: I saved money to buy a bike

 Dïng c¸c cÊu trúc đtừ sau: S + V + O + to-infinitive

* advise, allow, ask, beg, believe, cause, consider, enable, encourage, expect, find, force, guess, imagine, invite, lead, observe, persuade, teach, want etc

E.x: I told her to be patient & The policeman forces me to stop my car

 Dïng cÊu tróc c©u nh: to tell the truth, to cut a long story short, to be perfectly frank (with sb), to be honest, to be fair (to sb)

E.x: To tell the truth, I don t know where he is exactly’  The continuous infinitive cịng cã thĨ ®c sư dông (passive)

E.x: He is thought to be hiding in the woods (= People think he is hiding in the woods)  Bare infinitives:

 Modal verbs: E.x: I can play football well

 Feel, hear, see, watch: E.x: I heard him lock the door.# He was seen to enter the office  Let, make: E.x: He let me leave without saying anything

 Would rather, had better, help (to), but, except: I would rather wait till tomorrow 2 Danh động từ (Gerunds )

 Chđ ng÷: E.x: Collecting stamps is my hobby

 Bỉ ng÷ (sau to be, mean, look ): E.x: My hobby is collecting stamps

 Sau giới từ: E.x: Touch your toes without bending your knees! & He s good at skiing’  Đi theo sau nhiều động từ + giới từ: give up, keep on, look forward to, go on, put off

E.x: He put off making a decision till he had more information

 ‘To’ sau đtừ đc coi nh giới từ đc theo sau danh từ/đại từ hay V-ing: look forward to, take to, be accustomed to, be used to

E.x: The car was broken down so they had to take to cycling

Sau số thành ngữ: can t bear, can t stand, can t face, can t help, feel like’ ’ ’ ’ E.x: I didn t feel like talking to him after what had happened’

 Mind+ V-ing: E.x: I don t mind living here’ & Would you mind not smoking? 3 Some verbs taking inf or gerund without changing meaning

3.1 begin, start, continue, can/could bear, intend, cease+ V-ing/ to-inf (to-inf is more usual) E.x: He continued living/ to live above the shop

3.2 advise, allow, permit, recommend + V-ing/ to-inf

E.x: He advised me to leave at once & They don t allow parking’ (the person is not entioned) 4 Some verbs taking inf or gerund but changing their meaning

 Remember/ forget/ regret + to + V: future action + V-ing: past action

E.x: Please remember to return my book tomorrow, Liz!

 Agree + to inf # agree with sb: E.x: I asked To to wait and he agreed to wait for a week.

 Agree to + one’s + V-ing: E.x: Tim agrees to my leaving on Friday (preposition)  Mean + to + V = intend: E.x: I mean to get to the top by sunrise

+ V-ing = involve (with impersonal S):

E.x: He determined to meet her even if it means standing in the rain all night  Propose + to + V = intend: E.x: I propose to start tomorrow

+ V-ing = suggest: E.x: I propose waiting untill the police get here  Stop + to + V: E.x: He stopped to eat.

+ V-ing: E.x: I m too tired I stop working for a moment.’

 Hear/ see/ feel/ notice/ watch + V: ý đến hoàn tất hành động

+ V-ing: ý đến tiếp diễn hành động (fổ biến) E.x: We saw him leave the house # I see the dog running across the street

 Let/ make sb + V

E.x: He let me go without saying anything

E.x: They let him see the documents -> He was allowed to see the documents E.x: He made me move my car -> I was made to move my car

 S + used to + V: a past habbit/ routine  S + be + used to + V-ing = be familiar with

 Be afraid of + V-ing: thể nỗi sợ chủ ngữ xảy (involuntary action) E.x: She didn t tell him the truth because she was afraid of upsetting him’

 Be afraid + to-inf: thể chủ ngữ sợ làm (deliberate action) E.x: He is afraid to jump (so he didn’t jump)

 Be sorry for + V-ing: apologize/ regret (past action or following action)

E.x: I m sorry for coming late last night’ (past) & I m sorry for disturbing you’ (now)  Be sorry for + to-inf: regret or sadness

E.x: I am sorry to hear that you have been ill

Iv Bµi tËp (exercises )

 Supply the correct verb forms

1 I was alone at first, but after a time I got used to (live) alone

2 She always thinks about her life She remembers (go) to school the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth, She remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out

3 Did you remember (lock) the car? - No, I didn’t I’d better (go) back and (do) it now Mary came to London (visit) her boyfriend and (find) some materials for her new subject Mark isn’t very friendly (make) friend He doesn’t talk much

6 We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask) someone the way

7 When I knew they are cheating, I stopped (buy) petrol and started (deal) with the manager I tried (convince) him that I was capable of (manage) on my own but he insisted on (help) me

9 I always try (come) in quietly but they always hear me (go) upstairs It’s impossible (climb) an old wooden stair at night without (make) noise

10 They don’t allow (smoke) in the auditorium, they want (make) afresh air

11 Would you like me (turn) down the radio a bit? -> No, I’m used to (work) with the radio on 12 Would your children mind (keep) quiet for a moment? I’m trying (fill) in the form

13 I’m delighted (hear) that you can (come) on Saturday We are all looking forward to (see) you Remember (bring) your rubber boots

14 Jack suggested (take) me one flat and (keep) the other for me But John adised me (sell) the whole house 15 They let us (park) motocycles here but they don’t allow us (park) cars

16 She’s sorry (say) that I was stupid

17 If you want the milkman (leave) your milk in the morning, don’t forget (put) a milk bottle outside 18 The inspector asked (see) my ticket and when I wasn’t able (find) it, he made me (buy) another 19 Does she want (become) a singer?

20 The teacher recommends (prepare) the lessons well before (come) to class 21 Can you help me (find) my mistakes?

22 I want you (stand) beside me and (hold) the torch

23 My brother intends (sit) in the garden and (write) a letter to his girfriend

24 Yesterday my father advised me (take) the exam to university, he said: ‘You’d better (get) a good job!’’ 25 Can’t you anything but (ask) silly questions?

26 The only thing (do) now is (wait) for her

27 We used to (sit) next to each other and (read) detective stories when we were in the 6th form.

29 (Love) is (believe) 30 Can you help me (clean) the floor? 31 You made me (feel) so flat! Let (go) out of my life!

32 Don’t forget (bring) the umbrella, John, It’s going to rain!

33 You always forget (take) the umbrella, John, You look like a mouse in the rain! 34 I love (collect) stamps but I don’t like (buy) them

35 You had better (tell) him the truth

36 He tried (get) the certification but the quiz was too difficult (finish)

37 Let us (talk) about our new building plan! 38 Jane stops (cook) (listen) to the phone 39 She wants (go) out (work) but he won’t let her (go)

40 I saw her (get) off the bus and (come) into the house

41 Jack tried (garden), (keep) pigs but didn’t succeed in any of them 42 I’m afraid he won’t remember (write) to me

43 I regret (inform) you that the job has been filled 44 Tommy does nothing but (complain) so much 45 Nothing can make me (change) my mind

46 Does the city gorvernment intend (do) anything about pollution? 47 The students aren’t familiar with (speak) in English too much in class 48 I saw John (drive) in the street but he didn’t see me

49 Jack agrees (make) his decision again and agrees to my (interview) tomorrow morning 50 Jack would rather (eat) ice-cream than (drink) a cup of beer

51 Try to advoid (make) him angry! 52 He thinks of (leave) his job 53 It’s no use (wait) It’s difficult (get) used to (wait) for a long time

54 Ask hime (come) in Don’t keep him (stand) at the door 55 I’ll remember (send) you a card when I am in London

56 I’d rather (earn) my living by (clean) the floor than (make) money by (blackmail) people

Unit 10: comparison I Grammar

1 Equal comparisions

 S + be + as + adj + as + N (pro)  S + V + as + adv + as + N (pro)

 S + V + the same + (N) + as + N (pro)  The same as

2 Unequal comparisions

 The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V  The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

 Adj/adv + er and adj/ adv + er  More and more + adj/ adv Superlatives

Exercises I Rewrite these sentences

1 Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees Today it’s only six degrees -> It’s The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train -> It takes

3 Chris and Joe both did badly in the exam Chris got 20% but Joe only got 15% -> Joe did I expected my friends to arrive at about o’clock In fact they arrived at 2.30 -> My friend We were very busy at work today We are not as busy as that every day -> We Jane cooks better than her sister -> Jane’s sister

7 Tom is the best football player in this team -> Nobody in this team Nothing is faster than the speed of light -> The speed

9 Jack is younger than he looks -> Jack isn’t 10 I didn’t spend as much money as you -> You

Ii complete the sentences below

1 Of the four dresses/ I/ like/ red one/ good Fred/ feel/ good/ today/ than he/ yesterday? The colder/ weather/ get/ sick/ I/ feel Her story/ more/and/ attractive Mary/ short/ of the three sisters Golden Bridge/ long/ America Amazon river/ large/ world

9 This/ difficult exercise/ I/ ever/ 10 In my class/ Tom/ tall

11 Oh, too much sugar for my coffee I think/ I/ need/ little 12 What would you like to drink? -> I/ have/ same/ you 13 He has to works so hard because his work / not/ easy/ I 14 I/ feel/ tired/ last night/ so/ I/ go/ bed/ early/ usual

15 In some parts of the country/ prices/ cheap or expensive/ others 16 Tom/ lazy and lazy

17 Mr Bush/ the/ delightful person/ I’ve ever known

18 The competition/ yesterday/ make/ price of foods/ cheap and cheap 19 Charles/ hard-working/ Tom

20 John/ much strong/ I thought

21 The ghost/ I/ see/ last night/ terrible/ I’ve ever thought 22 Her computer/ expensive/ I’ve seen

23 Jack/ drive/ careless/ his brother Jack/ drive/ careless/ in his family 24 She sing/ beautiful/ I

25 This hotel/ much/ comfortable/ first one 26 This/ far place/ I/ ever/ come

27 She/ dance/ graceful and graceful

28 Soon/ you/ leave/ early/ you/ arrive your destination

iIi Fill in the blanks with the adjectives in brackets

1 Tom is ……… his brother (old) This problem is ……… that problem (easy) John is ……… boy in our class (tall) My friend is ……… my sister (fat)

5 My room is ……… room in our house (small) Konya is ……… city in Turkey (large) The Kızılırmak is ……… river in Turkey (long) Madonna is ……… Sandra (popular) My English is ……… your English (good)

10 The weather today is ……… the weather yesterday (bad) 11 This garden is ……… that garden (large)

12 Elizabeth is ……… girl in our group (beautiful) 13 I am ……… girl in the class (short)

14 What is ……… film on TV today? (funny) 15 Who is ……… girl in your class? (pretty)

iv Fill in the blanks as in the example

I went on holiday last year but it was a disaster! My hotel room was smallerthan… (small) the one in the photograph in the brochure I think it was……… (small) room in the hotel The weather was terrible too It was ……… (cold) in England The beach near the hotel was very dirty – it was … (dirty) all the beaches on the island The food was ……… (expensive) I expected and I didn’t have enough money One day I went shopping in a big department store and I broke a vase It was ……… ( expensive) vase in the whole shop But …… (bad) thing all was that I lost my passport and I couldn’t go back home It was ……… (horrible) holiday all my life

v. Complete the sentences:

DAVID TOM GEORGE Age 25 30 35 Weight 70 kgs 72 kgs 75 kgs Height 1.68 1.72 1.80

Salary $800/month $1000/month $1500/month House rooms rooms rooms

1 (young) David is … younger than… Tom and George

2 (old) George and Tom are ……… David (heavy) George is the ……… all

4 (light) Tom is ……… George (tall) Tom is ……… David (tall) George is ……… all (old) George is ……… Tom

9 (much) George gets ……… money ……… Tom 10 (small) David’s house is ……… Tom’s 11 (big) George’s house is ……… all 12 (big) Tom’s house is ……… David’s

vi Use “as ……… as” in the blanks

1 Jack’s English is worse than Sonia’s

Jack’s English isn’t ……… Sonia’s Alper’s bag is kg Ahmet’s bag is kg

Alper’s bag isn’t ……… Ahmet’s bag An orange is sweeter than a lemon

A lemon isn’t ……… an orange Terry is 1.70 cm tall Jason is 1.70 cm tall too

Terry is ……… Jason Chinese is more difficult than French

French isn’t ……… Chinese Science fiction films and soap operas are very exciting

Science fictions are ……… soap operas Chemistry is more difficult than drawing

Chemistry isn’t ……… drawing Jane’s car is Mercedes, but Sue’s car is Opel

Sue’s car isn’t ……… Jane’s car July is hotter than May

May isn’t ……… July

vii rewrite these sentences

1 My house is bigger than your house ->Your house………… The black car is cheaper than the red one ->The red car………… No one in Trung’s class is taller than him ->Trung Do you have a better hat than this? ->Is this

5 My house is the oldest house on the street ->No houses Vietnamese students have fewer vacations than American ones ->American students Do you have a cheaper computer than this? -> Is this ?

VII Fill in the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in brackets.

1 I speak English (fluent) … … … now than last year She greeted me (polite) … … … of all

3 She smiled (happy) …… … … than before This girl dances (graceful) … … … .of all Could you write (clear) ………… … … ? Planes can fly (high) ……… … … than birds

7 He had an accident last year Now, he drives (careful) ………… … … than before Jim can run (fast) ……… … … … than John

9 Our team played (bad) ………… … … of all 10 He worked (hard) ……… … … than ever before

Unit 11: conditional sentences I Conditional sentences

1 Conditional sentences type 1: real in present or future

-> habitual results -> present action/ future arrangement.

2 Conditional sentences type 2: unreal in present

- Express the supposition or the conclusion is opposite to the real in present or future That’s because of two reasons:

 This supposition is clearly opposite to the real life in present or future  The agent doesn’t think that this supposition can be happpned

If-clause Main clause

* S + present tense S + simple future

(Simple future can be replaced by: can, may, must, should, )

* S + present tense S + present tense

If-clause Main clause * S + Past tense S + would/ should + V * S + Past continous tense (might, )

* S + Past perfect tense

3 Conditional sentences type 3: unreal in the past

If-clause Main clause

* S + past perfect tense S + would/ could, should, might + have + PII

 Note

* If + were: inversion

E.x: If I were Tom, I would never marry her -> Were I Tom I would never marry her E.x: If I were in his shoes I would like that -> Were I in his 4 If, even if, whether, unless, otherwise

* Even if = even though:

E.x: You must go if you are ready # You must go even if you aren t ready’ * Whether or = If or:

E.x: You must go whether you are ready or not * Unless + affirmative = If + negative

E.x: If you don t start at once you ll be labe = Unless you start at once you ll be late’ ’ ’ * Otherwise = If this doesn’t/ didn’t/ hadn’t happen

E.x: We must get back before midnight, otherwise we ll be locked out.’ = If we don t get back before midnight, we ll be locked out.’ ’

Ii practice

 Say what would you if you or some other things were in these cases

 You were a King,  Pigs had got swings,  You were five years younger,  You were another person,  You could be a bird,  You could be a flower,  You could be a cloud,  You had passed the exam,  You had won a national

lottery,

 You were the ruler of the world,  You had a typewriter,  Speak these sentences in English

 Nếu tơi vào hồn cảnh bạn kô làm nh  Nếu Thủ tớng tăng lơng cho giáo viên  Nếu tơi nói tiếng Pháp làm việc cho họ

 Nếu có xe tơi kơ fải đạp xe đạp tới nơi làm việc hàng ngày  Cuộc sống buồn tẻ kơ có âm nhạc

 NÕu t«i nhm chiÕc áo màu xanh tôi, ngời cời Nếu anh nói dối!

 Nếu kô dạy tiếng Anh tơi chơi trai  Nếu tơi kơ học tiếng Anh nấu bữa nhà  Nếu trời kô ma đờng tới nhà hát

 Các bạn đâu thời tiết tốt?

 Nếu họ mang theo đồ, họ không bị lạc  Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form If I (see) him, I (give) him a gift

2 If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself

5 I’m sorry, I don’t know his phone number If I (know) it I (tell) you If you (arrive) five minutes earlier, you (meet) her She had just left He (get) a job easily if he (have) a degree

8 I wouldn’t have believed in it if I (not/ see) it with my own eyes  Use Unless instead of If

1 If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself with that knife If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another

3 I’ll not be able any work if I not have a quiet room If she does not hurry, she’ll be late

5 If we had more rain, our crops would be better

6 The crops would have been ruined, if the flood had risen higher If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were here What will you if you are in this cases?

 I will if my sweetheart loves another girl/ boy  I will if I get bad marks.

 I will if my car is broken down.  If I work hard, I will

 If you let a glass off your hand, it will certainly  If gravity is zero, everything will

 What will happen if I press this button? -> It will  If I cut down on smoking, I will be able to

 When it rains, I ll ’  If it rains, I’ll Make up conditional sentences

1 Because you don’t leave immediately, I call the policeman I don’t know Sharras’s number so I don’t phone her

3 Go right now or you’ll be late

4 I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address We got lost because we didn’t have a map

6 His friends were so late, so they missed the train The heavy rain kept everybody from going out Without the air, we would die

9 Without money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house 10 It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming 11 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson

12 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school Give the correct form of the verb in bracket

1 The teacher will be very angry if you ……… (not do) your homework If he ……… (tell) me, I could help him

3 If you don’t water the flowers, they ……… (die) If you didn’t water the flowers, they ………(die)

5 I ……… (come) if I had time

6 If you don’t hurry, you ……… (miss) the bus If I ……… (be) you, I wouldn’t buy that car

8 He will play tennis if the weather ……… (be) good I would be very happy if she ……… (be) my sister 10.She could win the race if she ……… (try)

11 If he ……… (go) to bed early, he will get up early 12.If he touches this wire, he ……… (get) a shock 13.You will get wet if it ……… (rain)

14 If I knew, I ……… (come) earlier 15.I wouldn’t say it if I ……… (be) you

19.Bodrum ……… (be) ideal for a holiday if it weren’t so crowded 20.He will be ill if he ……… (eat) so much

21.If she ……… (read) the book carefully, she will understand it 22.The children can stay up late if they ……… (be) good

23.If the dinner isn’t ready, I ……… (go) out 24.We would die if the plane ……… (crash)

25 He ……… (not / live) in stanbul if he İ ……… (hate) it 26.If you ……… (write) the letters, I ……… (post) them 27.If you ……… (not / leave) immediately, I ……… (call) the police 28.If he …… (not / arrive) soon, we ………… (have to) have dinner without him

29.I ……… (not / have to) borrow any money from you if I ……(get) my salary tomorrow 30.If you ……… (invite) her to the dance, she ………(be) very pleased

31.If you ……… (retire) soon, you ……… (make yourself ill 32.If you ……… (write) him a letter, he ……… (know) our address 33.If the policeman had seen the thief, he ……… (arrest) him

34.The buildings wouldn’t have burned to ashes if the firemen ………… (come) in time 35.People wouldn’t cross the Bosphorus, if they ……… (not / build) those bridges 36.If the family had saved enough money, they……… (buy) a new flat

37.If I had known that he was sleeping, I ……… (not / disturb) him 38.If I had lost all my money, I ……… (be) very unhappy 39.If you had phoned me before you came, you ……… (find) me at home Choose the best answer

1 I ……… very unhappy if my friends didn’t come to my party

a) would have been b) will be c) would d) would be If the old man ……… some money, he would hire a taxi

a) have b) had c) would have d) had had If you had come in time, you ……… the lesson

a) wouldn’t miss b) would miss

c) would have missed d) wouldn’t have missed

4 I could have heard the telephone if I ……… so deeply

a) didn’t sleep b) hadn’t been sleeping c) wouldn’t sleep d) wouldn’t have slept If he doesn’t pay the bill, he ……… into trouble

a) won’t get b) will get c) would get d) would have got If the weather ……… good, we would go swimming

a) was b) would be c) were d) is

7 Your brother wouldn’t have found such a nice job if he………… a university diploma a) didn’t have b) doesn’t have c) hadn’t had d) hadn’t

8 You would have some money in your pocket if you……… it so generously a) hadn’t spent b) didn’t spend c) couldn’t spend d) don’t spend If you don’t succeed in the test, you ……… the job

a) were not going to get b) wouldn’t get c) won’t get d) didn’t get 10.We wouldn’t be here now if we ……… in that airplane crash

a) were b) had been c) are d) had to be Rewrite these sentences below without changing their meanings

1 Listening to music at home is more interesting than going to the concert  I prefer

2 We didn’t enjoy the trip because of the heavy rain

 The heavy rain prevented He is slower and more careful driver than I am

He drives The visitor spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand what he said

 The visitor spoke too They won’t be able to come on Saturday

 Their father took a How long was your flight from Hanoi to Jakarta?

 How long We took a train to Liverpool last Saturday

 We got The trip to Chicago was cheaper than we expected

 The trip to Chicago wasn’t 10 It’ll be not necessary for you to go to the meeting next week  You won’t

11 The child will die if nobady sends for a doctor

 Unless 12 I don’t have enough money, so I can’t buy the computer  If

13 The secretary didn’t hurry, so she missed the train

 If 14 Without working hard, you can’t get what you want  If

15 The flowers will die if noone water them

 Unless 16 Don’t exceed the speed limits, otherwise you will be fined  If

17 I don’t want you to come here till you have finished your work  If

18 You have to get up early to catch the first bus to the city center  If you don’t

Unit 11: Conditional sentences (2nd)

I Wish & If only

1 Future wish

S + wish + S + would/ could + bare-inf If only + S+ would/ could + bare-inf E.x: I wish I would pass the final exam.

If only I could pass the final exam. 2 Present wish

S + wish + S + past tense (were for all persons) If only + S + past tense (were for all persons) E.x: I wish I were rich # If only I were rich

3 Past wish

S + wish + S + past perfect tense + could have + PII

If only + S + past perfect tense + could have + PII

E.x: I wish I hadn t failed my exam last month’ If only I could have been there.

Ii phrases & clauses of purpose

Phrases of purpose

1 Nếu muốn diễn tả mđích khẳng định, dùng:

E.x: I try to study to pass the exam

I try to study in order to pass the exam I try to study so as to pass the exam Nếu muốn diễn tả mđích phủ định, dùng: so as not to, in order not to E.x: I try to study in order not to fail the exam

Clauses of purpose To-inf In order to

- Thờng đợc bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order that (để mà) will/ would

S + V + so that/ in order that + S + can/ could + bare-inf may/ might

E.x: I try to study so that I can pass the exam

I want to learn English in order that I can find a better job

Iii phrases & clauses of reason

1 Phrases of reason

+ Because of + N/ N phrases or Gerund phrase Clauses of reason

+ Because/ since/ for/ as + S + V

iv phrases & clauses of concession

1 Phrases of concesion

+ In spite of/ Despite + N/ Nphrase/ gerund phrase Clauses of concesion

+) Although/ though/ even though + S + V

+) No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how (adj/ adv) + S + V +) Whatever (N) + S + V

v further

1 As if, as though

điều kô thật trái với thực tế

S + V (simple present) + As if + S + V (past) (Were: for all persons) As though

 Một hành động xảy trớc hành động khác khứ

S + V (simple past) + As if + S + V (past perfect) As though

2 It’s time, It’s high time

Theo sau QKĐ nhng diễn tả nghÜa ë hiƯn t¹i It’s time + S + V (past tense) -> were for all persons

It’s high time

 Theo sau bëi To-inf : It’s time for her to go to bed No sooner than: lóc, sau

Exercises I Rewrite these sentences

1 My head seems to be on fire now -> I feel as if

2 I had a feeling that I was walking in the air -> I felt as though Bill doesn’t work hard -> I’d rather

4 He spent his money like a prince -> He spent his money as if You speak like a prophet -> You speak as though

6 He had no sooner drunk a cup of coffee than he began to feel drowsy -> No sooner He should call me on the phone -> It’s time

8 I can’t see that far -> It’s

9 I have never been to the ballet before -> It’s

10 You can’t visit Moscow unless you you get a visa -> If you

11 John smoked cigarettes when he was a yougn man -> John used to 12 In countries like Britain the weather changes all time

-> In countries like Britain the weather

13 I would like the school holiday to be longer -> I wish

14 He couldn’t drive that car because he he had no driving licence -> If 15 It is pity you didn’t tell us about this -> I wish

16 He lost his money simply because he wasn’t carefull -> If

17 Jack couldn’t leave because he has strong emotion to Fiona -> Because 18 I’m sorry I couldn’t help him -> I wish

19 In spite of my invitation, she didn’t come -> Although………

21.You should have an early night, so that you don’t feel tired -> So as………

22 His background knowledge was so poor that he can’t understand what appears simple to others -> Because of ………

23 In spite of the cold, they woke up early and did the morning exercises -> Although… 24 Although he ran very fast, he couldn’t catch the bus -> He ran very fast ………… 25 Unless you buy a map You will get lost in easily in Rome -> If………

26 Although he works hard to earn money, he couldn’t pay his debt -> In spite of…… 27 He has to give up smoking or he will die -> If…………

28 Jack got up late so he missed the 7.00 train to work -> Jack wouldn’t…… 29 The teacher is sick We’ll have no class tomorrow -> Because………… 30 It got dark I couldn’t read the letter -> I couldn’t………

31 John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically -> Because of 32 He left school because his life was hard -> Because of ………

33 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry -> Although………

34 He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red -> In spite of……… 35 Although he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep -> He went to sleep……… 36 You speak like a prophet -> You speak as………

37 You should review your lessons for the exams -> It’s time……… 38 Mary dresses up like a Queen -> Mary dresses as………

39 “How old are you?” -> I want to know………

40 The climate in the country is healthy, so people like to live there

-> Because………./ because of……… 41.I’m sorry I forgot your phone number! -> I wish………

42 What a pity! I didn’t invite Jane to my wedding.-> I wish……… 43 Oh, I don’t have enough money to buy that shirt! -> I wish…………

44 Could you tell me the way to London, please, I don’t have a map! -> I wish………… 45 I don’t have any money because I don’t save it -> I wish………

Ii give the correct form of the verb in brackets

1 “If I (be)……… your wife, sir, I (poison)……… you!”; “Madam, I you (be)……… my wife, I (let)………… you”

2 Can you imagine what I (do)……… if I could all the thing I can? He speaks to me as if I (be)……… in a public meeting

4 “Heaven (be)……… no heaven to me if I don’t have my wife there”

5 I (not/ want)……… yes men around me I want everyone to tell me the truth, even if it (cost)……… them their job

6 If I had eight hours to chop down a tree, I (spend)………… six hours to sharpen my axe If women (exist)………, all the money in the world would have no meaning

Unit 12: active & passive voice I Practice

 Rewrite these sentences below

1 People speak English in 44 countries -> English They milk the cows twice a day -> The cows

3 Mr McSporrance delivers beer to the pub once a day -> Beer He doesn’t usually wash his hands before meals -> His hands

5 He isn’t repairing the car at the moment -> The car

6 Now Mr Baker is decorating the Christmas tree -> The Christmas tree Are you doing your homework, John? -> Is

8 He has collected 550 stamps -> 550 stamps

9 She hasn’t sent us the goods we need -> We 10 Have you decorated the house? -> Has

12 He wrote many interesting poems when he was in this country -> Many 13 Did they interview him yesterday? -> Was

14 Did they invite you to their wedding? -> Were

15 When I came, they were pulling down the building to make way for a new road -> When 16 This time yesterday my father was teaching me to swim -> This

17 When we arrived, he wasn’t decorating the hall -> When 18 Were they white-washing the house when you returned? -> Was

19 She had prepared the dinner before they finished their work -> The dinner 20 She hadn’t done her homework before she went to school -> Her homework 21 Although the ring was so expensive, Jane bought it without thinking -> Although 22 The teacher is going to give you some more exercises.-> You

23 They are going to rent a luxury yatch -> A luxury

24 We aren’t going to forgive him for his serious mistake -> He 25 Are you going to paint the gate blue? -> Is

26 They will employ 500 workers -> 500 workers

27 By the time you come back, they have pulled down the slums -> By the time 28 She helps me translate the English article -> I

29 The teacher is making us practise English -> We

30 He let me use his phone 31 I can solve that problem 32 He used to help me in my study -> I

33 They will have to change the date of the meeting again -> The date 34 You shouldn’t write your composition with pencil -> Your composition 35 I think you must tell her the truth -> I think

36 Jane has to water the flowers once a day -> The flowers 37 You ought to report it to our boss -> It

38 His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts galerry -> New 39 This job has to be done at once -> You

40 The thieves couldn’t be found anywhere -> The police

41 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher? -> Did 42 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out -> They

43 Fortunately the machinery wasn’t damaged by the accident -> Fortunately 44 Do they teach French here? -> Is

45 I never love you! 46 I can answer the question 47 You should open the window 48 We might play cards 49 You ought to wash the car 50 He must fill in the form

51 They need not buy bread 52 He could not read the sentence 53 Will the teacher test our English? 54 Could Jenny lock the door?

55 She would carry the box 56 Are you going to finish your task tomorrow?

57 What you eat? 58 Who beat you yesterday?

 Choose the best answer

1 Recently three mansion houses ……… in our town

A are built B were built C Have built D have been built They’ll be given a meal and then……… to find out why they fled their country

A questioned B question C are questioned D will question The accident ………… While he was driving to the office

A occurred B was occurred C occurs D was being occurred We’re working hard so the work ……… By tomorrow evening

A has done B has been done C will be done D wiil the floor in the room was so dirty as if it ……… for a long time

A hadn’t swept B hadn’t been swept C haven’t been swept D wouldn’t have swept She is one of the girls who ……… money

A enjoy spending B enjoy to spend C enjoys spending D enjoys to spend He ……… driving a blue car yesterday

A opened B opens C was opened D is opened We……… followed Be careful!

A are being B have been being C was being D were being 10 The prisoner ……… early this morning

A was hanged B was C hangs himself D hangs  Guided sentence building

1 This radio/ repair/ several times/ this year The letter/ must/ write/ English

3 Their car/ steal/ a few weeks ago/ and it/ not find/ yet Lot/ new books/ sell/ that book shop recently?

5 Switches/ should/ turn of/ before/ you/ leave/ workshop Building/ upgrade/ next year

7 This room/ only/ use/ speacial occasion Old trees/ pull down/ at this moment My letter/ post/ yet?

10 If/ I have/ time/ my house/ clean/ regularly But I’m too busy! 11 I wish/ my exercises/ do/ yesterday

Unit 12: active & passive voice (2nd)

I Theory: Các dạng câu bị động đặc biệt

1 Các động từ nh : say, think, believe, understand, report, suppose, expect, know, rumour đợc chuyển sang dạng bị động theo cấu trúc sau:

* It + is/ was + PII + that + clause

* S + be + PII + to + V (khi động từ mệnh đề phụ chia HT đơn/ TL đơn)

+ be + V-ing (khi động từ mệnh đề phụ chia HT tiếp diễn) + have + PII (khi động từ mệnh đề phụ chia QK đơn/ HT hồn thành)

2 CÊu tróc: It s sb s duty to + V + sth’ ’ -> S + be + supposed + to + V a Have/ get sb smt <=> Have smt done (by sb)

b Các đtừ theo cấu trúc: S + V that sth/ sb should be + PII

(advise, agree, arrange, ask, order, beg, command, demand, insist, recommend, suggest, urge, propose, determine, request, stipulate)

c Danh đtừ bị động: love, hate, like, dislike, laugh, be afraid of + V-ing <=> being + PII

d Nguyên mẫu bị động: to be + PII

e Need to be + PII = need doing (pas) # need to + V (act)

II Practice

 Rewrite these sentences below

38 People said that he is 100 years old -> It

39 They think that he has escaped to a neutral country -> It 40 People believed that she had a good knowledge of physics -> It 41 Everyone believed that terrorists kidnapped him -> It

42 They reported that there was an expolsion in that building -> It 43 We expected that the demonstration will end soon -> It

44 We expect that he will cut down on smoking because he has pneumonia -> He 45 They think that computers play an important role in human life -> Computers 46 People believe that American police are looking for the burglars -> American 47 They think that the children are playing a kite in the field -> The children 48 Everyone believes that the spy is working abroad -> The spy

49 They understood that her English is improving slowly -> Her English 50 People say that he (has) escaped to an island -> He is

51 We believe that the policemen have arrested the bank robbers -> The policemen 52 They think that she did the exam very well and got good marks -> She is 53 It is your duty to clean the house early -> You are

55 It’s your duty to water the flowers Why haven’t you done it? -> You 56 They built this bridge in 2000 -> This

57 I’m writing her a letter -> A / She 58 This dress must be washed in cold water -> People

59 His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts galerry -> New 60 This job has to be done at once -> You

61 For a long time the Earth was believed to be flat -> For a long 62 What have been done to help the poor in this city? -> What 63 The thieves couldn’t be found anywhere -> The police

64 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher? -> Did 65 Apples are said to be good for our health -> People say 66 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out -> They

67 Fortunately the machinery wasn’t damaged by the accident -> Fortunately 68 Smoke filled the room -> The room

69 Paint covered the lock -> The lock

70 They must write to him -> He

71 You can play with this cubs quite safely -> The cubs 72 They threw away the old newspaper -> The old

73 He looked after the children well -> The children

74 You should have/get an optician test your eyes every year.-> You should 75 She had a workman repair the roof yesterday -> She had

76 I want to have the photographer take my photos -> I want 77 Who loves Jane? -> By

78 Who beat Jim yesterday? -> By whom 79 Who is teaching you English? -> By whom

80 What has ruined Oxford city? -> By what 81 Who wrote “War and peace”? -> By whom

82 Who is going to run the company? -> By whom 83 What makes you laugh? -> By what

84 What causes road accidents? -> By what

85 Who are you going to select for the team?-> Who 86 What has he done for you? -> What

87 How many exercises will the teacher make you do? -> How many 88 How many exercises will the teacher correct? -> How many

89 Who is he teaching to drive? -> Who

90 How much money did she spend yesterday? -> How much 91 They decided to sell the house -> They decided that 92 He orders us to send the goods by air -> He orders

93 She advised that I should grow vegetables this season -> She advised 94 They stipulate that visitors should leave their luggage in the room -> They stipulate 95 I’ve decided to repair the roof before the rainy season.-> I’ve decided

96 I don’t like people telling me what to -> I don’t like 97 I want you to give me money -> I want………

98 She determines to see me off at the airport tomorrow -> She determines that……… 99 Although It’s dark, the police catches the thief easily -> Although………

100 Because of the bad weather, they put off the flight -> Because of……… 101 I wish I had finished all my homework.-> I wish………

Extension

 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form, To-inf, bare-inf, or gerund I enjoy (walk) in the rain Would you like (have) someting (eat)?

Everyone hopes (enjoy) themselves on holiday, but it isn’t always easy My wife and I are starting (think) we should stay at home That’s maybe the best place (spend) our holiday without every argument

4 He agreed (start) the job as soon as possible

5 I stopped (read) my book (go) to bed I wanted (sleep) early for tomorrow My teacher always expects me (do) well in exams

7 Let me (pay) for the meal You paid last time

8 The dentist told me (be) more carefull when I brush my teeth

9 I asked Monica (buy) some stamps, but she forgot (buy) them, she only remembered (buy) popcorn 10 I never liked (go) to church when I was a child

11 Have you finished (write) that letter yet? 12 You can’t (park) your car outside the hospital

13 They denied (steal) the money, in fact they had done

14 I seem (have) lost money 15 I avoid (travel) in the rush hour if I can 16 Have you considered (work) abroad?

17 I’ve arranged (collect) Kate from school at four o’clock

18 I can’t help (love) him, even though he is selfish and inconsiderate 19 I offered (give) David a lift but he said he’d rather (walk)

20 I can’t get used to (see) my daughter (drive) a car  Sentences transformation (comparision)

1 He is the most intelligent in our class -> No one Janet arrived later than John -> Janet

3 Rome has more old building than London -> London has She knows more about them than I -> I don’t know They now lived more happily than they used to -> They used to People now/ spend/ much/ money/ food/ than/ 10 years ago

7 She/ look/ old/ but/ beautiful/ than/ used to/ when/ we first/ meet/ university That/ most/ beautiful place/ Viet Nam/ I/ visit

9 Travelling/ car/ fast/ comfortable/ than/ motorbike 10 He/ love/ me/ much/ than/ he/ love/ her I hope so!  Sentences building (passive voice)

1 This radio/ repair/ several times/ this year The letter/ must/ write/ English Their car/ steal/ a few weeks ago/ it/ not find/ yet

4 Lot/ new books/ sell/ that book shop/ recently?

5 All/ them/ catch/ police/ tonight When/ I/ first/ come/ this town/ hotel/ build I/ have/ eyes/ examine/ tomorrow morning

8 All switches/ should/ turn off/ before/ we/ leave/ workshop

9 They/ have/ house/ paint/ white now 10 Building/ upgrade/ next year 11 We use this room only on special occasion.-> This room

12 They are pulling down the old theatre -> The old

13 People are spending far more money on food now than they spent 10 years ago -> Money 14 He didn’t revealed where she has lived -> Where

15 Has someone posted my parcel? -> Has

16 You should have taken those books back to the library -> Those books 17 All the ministers will see him off at the airport -> He

18 Noone has taken the table away -> The table

19 People say he has been in the French Foreing Legion -> He / It’s 20 Why didn’t they help him? -> Why

21 How many games has the team played? -> How many 22 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? -> Who

22 How did the police find the lost man? -> How 23 How long have they waited for the doctor? -> How 24 What time can the boys hand in their papers? -> What 25 What books are people reading this year? -> What 26 Will buses bring the children home? -> Will

27 Must we finish the test before ten? -> Must

28 Have they changed the window of the laboratory? -> Has 29 Is she going to write a poem? -> Is

1 “If I (be) your wife, sir, I (poison) you!”; “Madam, if you (be) my wife, I (let) you that” Can you imagine what I (do) if I could all I can?

3 He speaks to me as if I (be) in a public meeting Heaven (be) no heaven if I don’t meet my wife there

5 I don’t want yes men around me I want everyone to tell the truth, even if it (cost) their jobs I would like to spend my whole life travelling, if I (borrow) another life to spend at home If I had eight hours to chop down a tree, I (spend) six sharpening my axe

8 If I (go) to work in a factory the first thing I’d is join a union

9 If it were not for the government, we (have) nothing to laugh at France 10 If women (not/ exist), all the money in the world would have no meaning  Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning

1 In spite of my invitation, she didn’t come -> Although

2 Although she is well-prepared for the exam, she feels nervous -> In spite of His background knowledge was so poor that he can’t understand what appears to others -> Because of

4 In spite of the cold, they woke up early and did morning exercises -> Although Although he ran very fast, he couldn’t catch the bus -> He ran very fast The street was so short that there were only two houses in it -> It was such Unless you buy a map, you will get lost easily in Rome -> If

8 The book was so interesting that I coudn’t put it down -> It was such She was too tired that she couldn’t get up this morning.-> She was too

10 She went into the room quietly because she didn’t want to make e’ryone wake up -> She went into the room

11 We took an English preparation course because we wanted to pass the exam -> We wanted 12 It was such a boring play that we left the theatre in the middle -> The play

13 While they were having dinner, they kept talking about their new house -> During 14 Though he works hard to earn money, he couldn’t pay his debt -> In spite of

Unit 14: relative clauses

I Sở hữu cách

- Ch c dựng cỏc danh từ ngời động vật, không dùng cho bất động vật Ví dụ:The student’s book./ The cat’s legs

- Nếu có danh từ đứng sở hữu cách danh từ đứng gần danh từ bị sở hữu mang dấu sở hữu

VÝ dô: Tom and Mark’s house

- Đối với danh từ số nhiều có s cần đặt dấu ‘ đủ Ví dụ: The students’ books

- Nhng danh từ có số nhiều đặc biệt khơng có s phải dùng ngun dấu sở hữu

VÝ dơ: The children’s toys

- Nó đợc dùng cho thời gian (năm tháng, kỷ, thiên niên kỷ.) Ví dụ:The 1980’ events./ The 21 st century’s prospect

- Nó đợc dùng cho mùa năm ngoại trừ mùa Xuân mùa Thu Nếu dùng sở hữu cách cho mùa Xuân mùa Thu tức ta nhân cách hố mùa

VÝ dô: The summer’s hot days./ The winter’s cold days / The spring’s coming back The autunm’s leaving

- Trờng hợp dùng Đối với số danh từ bất động vật dùng số tr-ờng hợp thật đặc biệt danh từ nằm thành ngữ

VÝ dô: A stone’s throw

- Đôi danh từ nơi chốn địa điểm cần dùng sở hữu cách cho danh từ mà không cần danh từ theo sau

VÝ dô: At the hairdresser’s; At the butcher’s II Relative Clauses

1 Put in WHO / WHICH

1 I met a woman ……who… can speak six languages

3 What’s the name of the river ……… goes through the town? Everybody ……… went to the party enjoyed it very much Do you know anybody ……… want to buy a car?

6 Where is the picture ……… was on the wall?

7 She always asks me questions ……… are difficult to answer I have a friend ……… is very good at repairing cars

9 A coffee-maker is a machine ……… makes coffee

10.Why does he always wear clothes ……… are too small for him? 11 “ Bob Geldof is a singer and songwriter ………was born in Ireland in 1954” 12 He is the famous pop musician ………… organized charity pop concerts in the 1980s

13.“I don t like Mondays ’ ” is the name of one of his songs ………… became a big hit 14.“Feed the World ” is the song …… raised $8 million for famine relief in EiEithiopia 15.“Bond Aid” was the name of the group ……… sang the number one hit 16.Geldof traveled all over the world He found a lot of famous people ………

were willing to give money for his projects

17.Before Bob became a pop star, he had many different jobs ……… he didn’t like 18.Being a music journalist in Canada was a job ……… he enjoyed

19.“The Boomtown Rats ” is the name of the group ……… he formed in Dublin 20.Geldof wrote a best-selling book about his life ……… is called IS THAT IT? 21.People ……… know Geldof say that he is a very kind person

2 Make one sentence from two Use WHO / THAT / WHICH

1 A girl is now in hospital She was injured in the accident

A girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. A man told me you were away He answered the phone

3 A waitress was very impolite and impatient She served us A building was destroyed in the fire It has now been rebuilt A bus goes to the airport It runs every half hour

6 I saw the man He closed the door The girl is happy She won the race

8 The student is from China He sits next to me

9 We are studying sentences They contain adjective clauses 10.The taxi driver was friendly He took me to the airport 11 The woman was polite She answered the phone

12.The man has a good voice He sang at the concert 13.We enjoyed the actors They played the leading roles 14.The girl is hurt She fell down the stairs

15.The student is in my class He is walking with Ann 16.The police caught the thief He stole the money 17.Is the river very large? It flows through that town

18.There is a new house in our neighborhood It has a swimming pool 19.The man is at the bus stop He fixed our refrigerator

21.This is the package It came in the mail today 22.I like the songs They tell about life in the country

3 Join the sentences using WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHICH or WHOSE

1 She’s the girl She works in the library

2 Corfu is an island It has many beautiful beaches Here’s the alarm clock I bought it yesterday

4 I’ve spoken to John His house was burgled last Monday That’s the lady Her jewellery was stolen

6 That is the radio I won it in the competition

7 John is the man His house was destroyed by the fire There is the hospital I was born there

9 That was the summer I met my wife then 10.That is Fiona Webb She is a famous dancer

11 France is the country The best wine is produced there 12.1945 was the year The Second World War ended then 13.That’s the hotel I stayed there last summer

14.August is the month Most people go on holiday then

4 Complete the conversation using WHO, WHICH, WHOSE or WHERE

Simon: Hi Nigel! Where did you go on holiday?

Nigel : I went to Greece …where … I had a nice time Simon: Did you see anything exciting?

Nigel : Yes I went to the Acropolis, ……… is very famous I also went to the place ………the first Olympic Games were held

Simon : Did you meet anyone interesting there?

Nigel : Yes I met a girl …… was from England She knew a Greek family…… lived in Athens and she took me to meet them They were a very rich and kind family ……… friendliness made me feel very welcome

Simon : It sounds like you enjoyed yourself!

Nigel : Yes, it’s a place ……… I would like to go back

5 Fill in the correct RELATIVE PRONOUN

1 Did you see the man …… WHO …… stole her bag? The eggs ……… you’ve bought are bad

3 Please give me the keys ……… are on the table Is that man ……… we saw in the park yesterday?

5 What’s the name of the lady ……… babysits for you? Tom is playing with the dog ……… lives next door Have you eaten all the cakes ……… I made yesterday? How old is the man ……… owns this shop?

9 Let’s all look at the picture ……… is on page

12.The police have arrested the man ……… murdered his wife 13.The parcel ……… is on the table is your birthday present 14.Have you met the man ……… Jackie is going to marry?

15.We will ask the man ……… delivers our milk to leave an extra bottle 16.Is she the person ……… gave you this record?

17.We spent our holiday in a small town ……… is near the sea 18.The man ……… married Kate is a millionaire

19.Where are the shoes ……… I bought this morning? 20.I still write to that lady ……… I met twenty years ago

6 Combine the sentences using RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1 Bob bought the car from a man The man was the owner of the gallery The teacher asked me a question It was taken from a story book Have you employed the man? I recommend him to you last week The book was very interesting I borrowed it from the library yesterday The girls are my classmates We saw them at the cinema

6 Alex took the gun out of his pocket He saw the robbers running down the street The students missed the quiz They came to class late

8 The flowers are still fresh I picked them up this morning

9 There was a garden here It was full of green trees Now there are only two trees (Relative Clause / Used to)

10.They played basketball at home They broke the vase It was very valuable (While / Relative Clause)

11 Gerry works for a company It makes typewriter

12.This is Mrs Green Her daughter got married to a drummer 13.That man is an artist I forgot his name

14 We have a neighbour His dog barks a lot

15 I don’t know most of the people You invited them for the party 16 My cousin is a journalist Her job is interesting

17 That’s the parcel It came in the mail

18.Do you know the man? I asked him the address

19.The boy is the travel agent He is checking the tickets

20.The gardener’s wife has just had her third baby She has been married for six years 21.The horse came in last You were telling me about it

22.I can’t remember the town I was born there 23.I apologized to the woman I spilt her coffee 24.Did you mail the letters? They were on my table

25.The man teaches at the university You met his daughter last night

26.We’re studying science It helps us to find out a lot about the world around us 27.The man was very rich He left a big tip for the waiter

28.The subject interested everyone You wrote about it last week 29.Mrs Fox belongs to an organization It assista hospitals

31.We met a girl Her name was unusual

32.The story can’t possibly be true He told it to us

33.Did you buy the dress? It was very smart and expensive 34.That’s the dog It can understand everything

35.My friend invited a lot of visitors His house is very large 36.The bus was very crowded I took it this morning

37.My girlfriend is very beautiful Her eyes are green 38.Bring me the books I forgot them on my table

7 Combine the following sentences using WHERE or WHEN

1 Here is the shop I bought my new camera form this shop

2 We will spend our holiday in the same village We have had a lot of joyful days there so far

3 We enjoyed Marmaris We spent our summer holiday there this year

4 The library is quite far from the city center I go and work there twice a month I’ll never forget the day I met my wife on this day

6 I’m looking forward to the Fifteenth of next month I’ll get married then Do you know the restaurant? We will meet you there tomorrow

8 John visited me last Friday A few other friends also called me up last Friday Last week I went to see the country town I used to live in that town

10.Abant is a beautiful place There are many lakes there

Unit 13 summary I Spelling rules

1 Introductions:

- Vowels: a, e, i, o, u

- Consonants: b c d f g h k l m n p q r s t v w x y z

- A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word Doubling the consonant (gấp đôi phụ âm)

2.1 Những từ âm tiết có nguyên âm kết thúc phụ âm đơn nhân đơi phụ âm sau cho thêm hậu tố (nếu có hai nguyên âm hay kết thúc phụ âm giữ nguyên) E.x: hit + ing -> hitting; knit + ed -> knitted; but: keep-> keeping; help -> helping

2.2 Những từ có hai hay ba âm tiết kết thúc phụ âm đơn trớc nguyên âm gấp đơi phụ âm trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối

E.x: acquit+ed -> acquitted; begin +er -> beginner;

but: murmur -> murmured; answered; orbit + ing -> orbiting

* Tuy nhiên với từ focus + ed đợc thể tả: focused/ focussed từ bias +ed-> biased/ biassed

2.3 Phụ âm cuối từ handicap, kidnap, wordship đợc gấp đôi

2.4 Những từ kết thúc với phụ âm l theo sau nguyên âm hay nguyên âm đợc phát âm tách biệt thờng cần gấp đôi phụ âm

E.x: cruel -> cruelly; dial -> dialled; model -> modelling; signal -> signalled Omission of a final e (Lỵc bá e)

* Nhng dye singe giữ lại nguyên âm e để tránh nhầm lẫn với die sing * age đợc giữ lại nguyên âm e trớc thêm ing Anh Mỹ

* likable đợc dùng likeable

* Những từ kết thúc với ce/ ge đợc giữ lại e

3.2 Những từ kết thúc nguyên âm e trớc phụ âm đợc giữ lại e hậu tố thêm vào bắt đầu phụ âm

E.x: hope -> hopeless; immediate -> immediately; sincere -> sincerely; engage -> engagement; fortunate -> fortunately

* Nhng nguyên âm e tính từ kết thúc phụ âm + le bỏ e biến đổi sang trạng từ E.x: humble -> humbly; idle -> idly

3.3 Nguyên âm e kết thúc từ đợc lợc từ sau: E.x: argue -> argument; due -> duly; judge -> judgment/ judgement; true -> truly; whole -> wholly

3.4 Những từ kết thúc ee kô đợc bỏ e trớc thêm hậu tố

E.x: agree -> agreement/ agreed/ agreeing/; foresee-> foreseeable/ foreseeing; see-> seeing Nh÷ng tõ kết thúc ce/ ge giữ lại e tr ớc thêm hậu tố bắt đầu a hay o

E.x: courage -> courageous; peace -> peaceably/ peaceful; replace -> replaceable

* Điều xảy để tránh nhầm lẫn cách phát âm c g thờng đợc phát âm nhẹ tr-ớc e i nhng phát âm mạnh trtr-ớc a o

* Có số từ kết thúc ce đổi e thành i trớc thêm ous E.x: grace -> gracious; space -> spacious;

5 The sufix ‘ful’

5.1 Khi full đợc cho thêm vào sau từ thờng đợc lợc bỏ chữ l

E.x: beauty + full -> beautiful; beautifully; skill+full -> skilful; full+fill -> fulfil Nh÷ng tõ kÕt thóc víi y

* Những từ kết thúc với y trớc phụ âm -> đổi y -> i trớc thêm hậu tố E.x: carry -> carried; happy -> happily

* Nh÷ng tõ kÕt thóc víi y trớc nguyên âm -> giữ nguyên: play -> playing Hyphens (DÊu nèi)

7.1 Những từ ghép đợc thành lập cách nối hay từ để tạo thành từ, viết nh sau: a Nh từ: bystander, hairdresser, teacup

b Nh hai hay nhiÒu tõ: post ofice; police station

c Dïng dÊu nèi: tooth-brush; fruit-tree; pick-me-up; do-it-yourself

* Note 1: Dùng dấu nối từ ghép trở nên quen thuộc qua thời gian sử dụng, dấu nối đợc bỏ đi: toothbrush Tuy nhiên điều kô thờng xảy ngời Anh xứ thờng dùng: toothbrush, tooth brush, tooth-brush thời điểm khác

* Note 2: Kô đợc bỏ dấu nối trờng hợp sau

+) Khi cách phát âm hay nghĩa từ kô rõ ràng bỏ chúng E.x: co-operate; re-cover

+) Những từ ghép đợc tạo từ câu đặc biệt:

E.x: a do-it-yourself shop; a go-as-you-please railway tickets

+) Trong cụm tính từ liên quan đến tuổi, kích cỡ, cân nặng, khoảng thời gian E.x: a five-year-old child; a ten-ton vehicle; a five-minute interval; a six-foot wall

Ii động từ dễ nhầm lẫn

Đó động từ bảng sau:

Ngoại động từ Nội động từ

rise rose Risen rising

lie lay Lain lying

Raise raised raised raising

lay laid laid laying

set set set setting

Các động từ dễ gây nhầm lẫn mặt ngữ nghĩa, tả phát âm, cần phân biệt chúng ngữ cảnh câu cụ thể

TO RISE- từ dâng lên (động từ không cần tân ngữ)

VÝ dô: The sun rises early in the summer./ When the bell rings, the students rise from their seats When oil and water mix, oil rises to the top/ It must be late; the moon has risen

Prices have risen more than ten percent in a very short time

TO RAISE (smb, sth) - Nâng ai, lên - Động từ địi hỏi tân ngữ

VÝ dơ:The students raise their hands in class./ The weighlifter raises the barbell over it’s head The crane raised the car out of the lake./ Mr Daniels has raised his tenants’ rent another fifteen dollars./ The OPEC have raised the price of oil

TO LIE : ë t¹i , n»m

- To lie in : nơi - To lie down : n»m xuèng - To lie on : nằm

Động từ dễ nhầm lẫn với to lie (nói dối) phải phân biệt víi to lie mÉu c©u : To lie to smb

VÝ dô: The university lies in the Western section of town./ If the children are tired, they should lie down for a nap./ Maria Elena lay on the beach for three hours yesterday sunbathing

( câu hành động sunbath xảy song song với việc nằm bãi biển nên dùng sunbathing - nh phần lý thuyết trình bày)

The old dog just lay on the grass watching the children at play ( hành động nằm xem xảy đồng thời nên dùng watching ) Don’t disturb Mary; she has lain down for a rest

That old rug had lain in the corner for many years before it was put in the garage

TO LAY (smth, smb): đặt, để đó, lên bề mặt - To lay on : đặt

- To lay in : đặt vào - To lay down : đặt xuống L

u ý : Nguyên thể động từ dễ nhầm lẫn với thời khứ động từ to lie, cần phân biệt chúng theo ngữ cảnh

VÝ dô: Don’t lay your clothes on the bed./ The boy lays his books on the table every day The enemy soldiers laid down their weapons and surrendered

= The enemy soldiers laid down their weapons surrendering

The children laid their toys on the floor when they had finished using them The nurse laid the baby in crib

TO SIT: ngåi

- To sit in : ngåi trong, ngåi ë

- To sit on : ngåi trªn - To sit down : ngåi xuèng VÝ dô:We are going to sit in the fifth row at the opera

Bullfight fans sit in the shade because it is cool Because the weather was nice, we sat on the patio After swimming, Bob sat on the beach to dry off

L

u ý : Không đợc nhầm lẫn động từ với to seat ( có sức chứa, có chỗ ngồi) Ví dụ: This studium can seat 100.000 people

TO SET : đặt để ( tơng đơng với to put)

L

VÝ dô:The little girl helps her father (to) set the table every night The carpenters set their tools in the box at noon and go to lunch The botanist set her plants in the sun so that they would grow After carrying her son from the car, the mother set him in his crib Don’t set the chocolate near the oven or it will melt

No sooner had they set the roast in the oven, than the electricity went out

Một số thành ngữ dùng với động từ này.

To lay off (workers, employees) - DÃn thợ, cho nghỉ bớt, cho tạm nghỉ To set (broken bone) in : bó xơng gẫy vào

To set one’s arlam for + time: để đồng hồ báo thức vào lúc Ví dụ: I set my alarm for am everyday

To set fire to (smth) : làm cháy

Ví dô: While playing with matches, the children set fired to the sofa