1 The original text may deal ……… ………….any subject from general philosophical principles or postulates to minute technicalities in some obscure field of human endeavour a With Câu trả lời Each of these forms of literary activities comprises a number of subgenres and the translator may ……………………………one or some of them in accordance with his talents and experience b.Specialize in Câu trả lời Translation …………………… is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of , , and a Studies Câu trả lời The concept of context has been extensively studied by different linguists from …………………………………… , such as pragmatics and systemicfunctional linguistics d.Different perspectives Câu trả lời Translation shifts ………………… both at the lower level of language, i.e the lexicogrammar, and at the higher thematic level of text d Occur Câu trả lời Different types of translation can be singled out ……………………….the predominant communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process c.Depending on Câu trả lời The ………………… of the translation should follow that of the original text d Structure Câu trả lời In translation, there should be no change in the ………………………of narration or in the arrangement of the segments of the text b Sequence Câu trả lời Literary translation deals with literary texts, i.e works of fiction or poetry whose main function is to make an …………………… or aesthetic impression upon the reader a.Emotional Câu trả lời 10.The transformational model postulates that in any two languages there is a number of nuclear structures which are fully …………… … … …… each other b Equivalent to Câu trả lời 11.A number of subdivisions can be also suggested for informative translations, though the principles of ……………………… here are somewhat different d.Classification Câu trả lời 12.It is …………………… that the translation has the same meaning as the original text c presumed Câu trả lời 13.Translation is a …………………… of interlingual communication c Means Câu trả lời 14.Literary translations may be subdivided in the same way, as each genre calls for a specific arrangement and …………………… …………… specific artistic means to impress the reader b.Makes use of Câu trả lời 15.Contemporary translation activities of a translator are characterized by a great variety of types, …………… and levels of his responsibility a.Forms Câu trả lời 16.Translation is a ………… of actions performed by the translator while rendering the source text into another language b Set Câu trả lời 17.The source language ……………… of cultural context and situational context c Consists Câu trả lời 18.Each language has an area of equivalence in …………………… to the other language b Respect Câu trả lời 19.The Role of Grammatical Analysis in Translation In the process of communication, the meaning system is largely determined ……………………… ………………situational context: ideational meaning by field, interpersonal meaning by tenor and textual meaning by mode b.By the three aspects of Câu trả lời 20.The study is devoted to the exploration of English writing skill which sets out to obtain some concrete information on the students’ problems in writing English …………………………………… d.Supported by Systemic Functional Grammar Câu trả lời 21.Thematic progression helps give cohesion and thus coherence to a text, guiding the reader through the text ………………………………………… c.In a logical and rational course Câu trả lời 22.According to the frequency analysis, the topical/ideational elements occurred at the most frequent rates followed by ………………………………… and interpersonal elements a.Textual elements Câu trả lời 23.Context of situation is closely related to various texts Certain ………………………………………asks for certain text and in return, certain text creates certain context d.Situational context Câu trả lời 24.Theme can be identified in terms of three metafunctions: ………………… d.Ideational, interpersonal and textual Câu trả lời 25.Theme and Rheme boundary is a sequential ordering and range of possible groups or phrases that use for setting ……………………… ………………………….structure c.Theme and Rheme Câu trả lời 26.The ideational is subdivided into two components, i.e., “experiential” and “logical” They convey ………… b.Different ways of meanings Câu trả lời 27.The multiple Theme or split Rheme pattern was used at the most frequently This indicates that the multiple Theme or split Rheme patterns are ……………………………… c.Dominant in the texts Câu trả lời 28.The topical Theme is divided into two subtypes: ………………………………Simple marked Theme refers to when a topical element is chosen for foregrounding while simple unmarked Theme refers to that which is most usual d Unmarked and marked Theme Câu trả lời 29.Thematic structure includes Theme and Thematic progression patterns, information structure includes …………………………………………….and cohesion includes reference, conjunction, ellipsis and lexical cohesion 30.d.Given and new units of information Câu trả lời 31.The Role of Cohesion Analysis in Translation In most cases, a translator decodes a text …………………………………………, conditioned by his ideology and world knowledge a.According to his understanding Câu trả lời 32.As in the case of referential cohesive devices, the translator also …………………………………………the strategy of deletion while translating the condi-tional conjunction “even if” d.Made use of Câu trả lời 33.Finally, pragmatic understanding is related to ……………………………… ………………………………….In that case, the target does not state what is transferred, but it states the requirement of the process 34.c.The message or implication of a sentence Câu trả lời The process of ……………………………………………… in a target language involves both lexico-grammatical and pragmatic analysis a.Decoding a text and encoding it Câu trả lời 35.In regard to reference, the Target Text tends …………………………… ………………………………………that are equivalent to the ones used in the Source Text d To present cohesive devices Câu trả lời 36.Furthermore, words such as hence and so indicate that there is a preceding segment of text presenting a cause or reason, and … ……………………………………………… d.A following segment presenting a result.Câu trả lời 37.Translators need ……………… …………………………………………… that help to achieve their goals in enhancing communication across different nations c.To encompass a diversity of factors Câu trả lời 38.Similarly to pronoun reference, the cohesive device of conjunction proves ………………………………….………………………… of the Target Text c To be problematic for the translator Câu trả lời 39.Furthermore, the fourth device —substitution— is marked by the use of nouns, verbs or clauses ………………………………… …………………………… previously presented b.To replace some information Câu trả lời 40.A world of ………………………… ……………………… needs translators that beside their specialized knowledge in the two languages, they should also experience intercultural competence a.Different interacting cultures Câu trả lời 41.The distinctive relationship between ……………………………………………….is established by the ability of translation to approximate a multilingual communication to a monolingual one a.The original and translation Câu trả lời 42.Text is a meaningful unit, but to guide persons towards meanings it is recommended to start from …………………………………………… ………………………… after that inspect the STs and their probable translation a.The lexico-grammatical realizations analysis, Câu trả lời 43.The device of substitution was not extensively used’ in either text Only the ST employed it once, ………………………………… c Using the verb “do” Câu trả lời 44.There are also omissions, partial equivalences and even complete alterations of ………………………… ……………………………………….in the ST c.The connection signaled by the cohesive device Câu trả lời 45.The writers used multiple Theme by ……………………………………… to topical Theme to create connectedness in the text As a result, it provides the writers with an effective way to convey information circulated in the written text d.Adding textual Theme and interpersonal Theme Câu trả lời 46.Kinds of Translation and Problems related to the Translation of Scientific, Technical Discourse, Poetry, Prose Translation together with Evaluating a translation Transliteration is the process rendering the letters of one alphabet in terms of the letters of another with a different alphabetical system In transcription the pronunciation of …………………………………………is transcribed in the alphabetical system of the Target Language b.The Source Language word Câu trả lời 47.Literal translation ……………… …………… word to word; group to group; collocation to collocation; clause to clause; sentence to sentence The smaller the unit, the commoner the approach, following the basic translation procedures b.Ranges from Câu trả lời 48.…………………………………., the theory of translation should be a branch of comparative linguistics His approach was purely linguistic and textual d.According to Catford Câu trả lời 49.Technical translation is a type of involving the of documents …………………………………… (, , etc.), or more specifically, texts which relate to technological subject areas or texts which deal with the practical application of scientific and technological information b.Produced by Câu trả lời 50.While the presence of specialized is a feature of technical texts, specialized terminology alone is not …………………………………… classifying a text as “technical” since numerous disciplines and subjects which are not “technical” possess what can be regarded as specialized terminology c.Sufficient for Câu trả lời 51.Technical and scientific translation has traditionally been the dogsbody of theoretical discussions of translation The underlying rationale when approaching this type of translation has usually been that literature ……………………… a creative elaboration of language c.Involves Câu trả lời 52.In addition to reading comprehension ability, the knowledge of specialized subjects ……………………………………………….and a wide cultural background, and the global vision of cross-cultural and interlingual communication c.Derived from specialized training Câu trả lời 53.Word-for-word translation transfers Source Language grammar and ……………………………., as well as the primary meanings of all the Source Language words into the translation, and is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences a.Word-order Câu trả lời 54.Translators usually have to deal with six different problematic areas in their work, …………………………………they are translating technical documents or a sworn statement a.Whether 55.Mode refers to what part the language is playing, what it is that the participants are ………………………………………in that situation: the symbolic organization of the text, the status that it has, and its function in the context Expecting the language to for them Câu trả lời 56.…………………………………… , conjunctions not signal the information present in the text, rather they signal, by means of “formal markers”, “the way the writer wants the reader to relate what is about to be said to what has been said before” d As opposed to reference Câu trả lời 57.Translators should be skilled to handle the challenge of intercultural associations, which in a way incorporates forces of ……… …………………………………………………and many other historical and societal factors a Politics, economics, religion, poetics, ideology, Câu trả lời 58.Unlike reference, ellipsis, substitution and conjunctive cohesion, lexical cohesion is not associated with any special syntactic classes of elements It is therefore .and least adequately defined of the five kinds c The most openended Câu trả lời 59.Conjunctive cohesion is the type of cohesion commonly and most extensively dealt with .It is often referred to as “transitional devices.” a.In grammar and composition writing Câu trả lời 60.Theme .which is optional followed by the interpersonal element which is optional and followed by a topical/ ideational element which is obligatory b.Consists of the textual element Câu trả lời 61.Context of situation consists of three aspects: Field refers to what is happening, to the nature of social action that is taking place d.Field, tenor and mode Câu trả lời 62.The relation between the two segments will be one of reasonresult .substitution and ellipsis cohesion ties, which are meant to signal only one phoric relation at a time (with the exception of a pronoun, which can act in anaphoric, cataphoric, or exophoric reference, c Unlike reference, Câu trả lời ... ………………………………….………………………… of the Target Text c To be problematic for the translator Câu trả lời 39. Furthermore, the fourth device —substitution— is marked by the use of nouns, verbs or clauses