28 dịch đại cương EN42 024

Dịch đại cương – EN42 The predominant purpose of theories of translation is ………… of every word and phrase in the original b to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is……… , but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 as in its native rendering a to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (………………………), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies b source language Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator d “reproducing the message.” Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own right, aims ……… which can be used as a guideline for the production of translations a to produce a comprehensive theory Translation should ensure that the ……… meaning of the two will be approximately similar a surface Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life So far, there have been ………………………definitions of translation a many Since the mid-1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to indicate that the …… ……………………………………………is not just a minor branch of comparative literary study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field b study of translation Câu trả lời to translate means “……………… a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addresses in target circumstances” b to produce The translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language and does his best to produce the same meaning ………… a in the target language There is some unusuality or ……… in the target language c Unnaturalness The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language b Referred Translation is the ……………… of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language b Replacement The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as …………… b a code-switching operation Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life So far, there have been many ……… ……………… of translation, d definitions Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Ianguage.) by ………………… in another language (Target Language) c equivalent material Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving……………… b semantic and stylistic equivalencies The theory of translation involves normative approaches, putting a strong emphasis on prescribing to translators how to and …………… b how not to translate 19 Translation theory includes ……………………….for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation a Principles 20 It is the structural part of language which is actually seen in print or heard in ……… c Speech 21 There are a variety of cultural elements to take into……………… when starting a translation a consideration Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the …………… intended the text b Author 22 Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative……………………… 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 a Performance The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic competence by … b means of the target language products The choice of the right word in the receptor language to translate a word in the source-language text depends more ……… than upon a fixed system of verbal consistency b on the context The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must be the same as that in which the source reader responded to ……… c the source text Câu trả lời In ……………………… the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor/target language b Translation The source-language content, form, style, function, etc must be preserved, or at least that the translation must seek ………….them as far as possible a to preserve The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing ………………….rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance c the reproduction of the message At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted from the word or phrase ……the text as a unit of translation c To Practically, whether ………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’ or ‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles of translation a the study of translation The linguistic approaches basically …………… translating as a code-switching operation c Saw Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into ………………or another’s language d one’s own Câu trả lời Translating may be defined as the process of ……………………signs or representations into other signs or representations c Transforming Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and … d many other topics crucial to good translation The structures of ……… will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the target language structure will be seriously distorted d the source language 36 A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is never satisfied ……it a With Câu trả lời Dịch đại cương – EN42 Bài luyện tập trắc nghiệm 02 37 While the source text is addressed to a certain …………………, the translated text changes this factor in the situation of the 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 language event to new readers in a new language b Readership The three elements of source language, source text, and translator, theoretically and ……… precede the translated text c Practically A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to change what…………………in one language into another language a has been said The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not only the very central and initial point for the …………….of the translation process but also is the background for all translation processes d Start This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of deadlines, more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous interpreter) to process the source text thoroughly a Despite …………sits next to or behind his “client” doing a great variety of activities under different names: “community interpreting”, “public service interpreting”, “hospital interpreting”, “mental health interpreting” and “social service interpreting” a The interpreter The elements of translation interact as elements achieving one function, in ……each element relates to one or more of the rest b Which The producer of the final interpretation …………………… determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read b Which The presentation here is conducted in a systematic manner with ……… restricted interactivity and closeness and much faster than consecutive interpretation c Somewhat compared with ………………text, the target language translated text may be so long, longer, or even shorter and may have new features which may not be found in the source language a the source language During preparations for simultaneous………………… , the interpreters’ booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the interpreters can see the speakers d Interpretation If the source text is taken to be the starting point of the translation process, then the translated text is the text which results from ……… c the translation process The translator is …………element in translation, since the study of translation and the language of translation is no more than the study of the translator’s linguistic ability a the most important Literal force is of course inevitably lost in these cases and the best that can be achieved is …… to the pragmatic function of the TL cultural reference or practice b by means of faithfulness A simultaneous translator changes what ……………………in one language into another language as someone is speaking c is being said The source text is the text which has been chosen for translation The translator cannot, without a good reason, change any……………… a Topic of the text c part of the source text A Vietnamese-English translated text should follow the language rules…………… social-cultural features of the English – not Vietnamese – language and vice versa a and For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth are necessary ……………… d technical equipment 55 To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular shorter breaks to enable the interpreters 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 …………………….the message in the same spirit a to relay …………… is the language to which the text to be translated belongs In other words, the source language is prior to translation b The source language The translator, like the linguist who ………… all human languages to be on an equal footing, is among the first candidate to be liberated from the dominance of one language/culture c takes The language of translation is perceived from the translated text, ……………the translator’s interpretations, the translator’s strategies and the translator’s abilities d reflecting The translator’s judgments, strategies and manipulations ………………all potentially exist in the translator’s interpretation of the source text and the formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target language a Do The translator has to think over his/her translation to suit a reader according to the reader’s social norms in the target language, so the language of translation is … b social Mastery of the source language is a …………….for the translator, since this mastery is the key to his/her readings and interpretations of the text to be translated d Must The readers to whom the ………………… text is addressed are native or non-native users of the target language b Translated Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of interpreting are practiced: liaison, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting c Forms What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only confrontation with the text is …………….forever c Lost whereas the interpreter is faced with a unique, orally delivered text, the translator has ……………………of “flicking back” through the permanently available written text b the possibility The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and ………… environment of any of the two languages d Cultural The target language is the language into which ……………………from another language is translated c a text The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been produced by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another language and culture a Which Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a booth, and they follow an audio-transmission of speeches and …………………… a interpret them directly In addition………… the changes resulting from the movement from one language to another, translation necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of the text c to ……………to whom the translated text is addressed are native or non-native users of the target language b The readers The translated text is the actual definite material, which has been produced by …………………… of a source text in terms of another language and culture a conveying the meaning The language of translation is ……………… from the translated text, reflecting the translator’s interpretations, the translator’s strategies and the translator’s abilities b Perceived 74 ……is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the final interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 readers of the translation will read a The translator The translator is unable to change any aspect of the source language Rather, many aspects of the translator’s work are conditioned and determined by…… a the source language b The second language c The translated language when meeting for the first time, ………………………… when introduced to a guest, English people often say: How you do? as a greeting b Especially Gist translation can be used in language learning situations (using the same language) ………at a written test a to summarize a written text Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on ……………… and form (syntax) of the original texts of high status d meaning (semantic content) …………… translation (or sometimes direct/interlinear translation) focuses on translating words from the source text into the target language while the word order of the original is preserved b Word for word The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on the ……………….of the translator when he/she adds explanations or comments to make clear the meaning of the original a Subjectivity Gist translation canbe used in language learning situations (using the same language) ………………at a written test a to summarize a written text Communicative translation gives high priority to the message communicated in the text where the actual form of the original is not closely bound to …………… b its intended meaning Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of …… applicable to a different situation than that of the source language a the same value In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some form of language ……………the same meaning b to convey It is also very useful for the translator to understand and analyze the original text before ………….it into the target language a translating Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English sentence that describes the degree of the sameness of the two girls’ appearance “ They look ………… the same” (Chúng giống hai giọt nước) c Exactly “business is business” could be translated …………… as Cơng việc cơng việc, khơng chen tình cảm vào d Freely Câu trả lời The classifications of translation types are many according to different points of view, based on either structure, function, or ……… b semantics of language Câu trả lời Different strategies or different methods of translation produce ……………… kinds of translation c Different Câu trả lời ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context b Literal translation Câu trả lời không Adaptation can also be considered a translation technique used when the context in the original text ……… in the Target Text culture b does not exist Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the words in the target language may ………………… b change Câu trả lời 93 Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which tries ………of words and context situation according to the grammar rules of the target language d to convey the meanings 94 It goes without saying that all the types of translation mentioned above may ………… justified in particular circumstances d be 95 In the history of translation development there have been a great number of terms: literal, free, literary, non-literary, borrowing, equivalence, figurative, so on ……… c and so forth Câu trả lời 96 It is also very useful for the translator ……………………and analyze the original text before translating it into the target language a to understand Câu trả lời 97 The translator tries to come as close as possible to the meaning conveyed by the words, by means of word order change or word choice so that the true meaning is……………… b conveyed Câu trả lời 98 …………….is based on the meaning of the text which aims to produce the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using idioms and colloquialism where there n ot exist in the original a Idiomatic translation Câu trả lời 99 A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the original length, depending ………………… d on specific situations Câu trả lời 100 ………………is characterized by keeping the main idea/gist of a text, omitting all of its supporting details and subsidiary arguments c Gist translation Câu trả lời 101 As indicated by the word “free”, free translation (sometimes dynamic translation) focuses more …… than form in the target language a.on content Câu trả lời 102 In other words, adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of the same value ……… to a different situation c Applicable Câu trả lời 103 In English, the negation of the verb in the first clause stands for …… in the following clause d the negation of the verb Câu trả lời 104 A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the ………length, depending on specific situations d original Câu trả lời 105 The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context b closely Câu trả lời 106 Adaptation is a highly free type of translation Here the focus is on socio-cultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target culture c practices Câu trả lời 107 English prepositions are usually single words in, at, on…; …………, there are some prepositions that look like a phrase, phasal prepositions: because of, in spite of… c However Câu trả lời 108 In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English sentence may …………………that it is the subject of the sentence: c make the translator misunderstand Câu trả lời 109 There is no article in Vietnamsese whereas the ………….of article: indefinite articles a, an, definite article the, or zero article is a must in English noun phrases c Use Câu trả lời 110 The translator should remember … the zero article with plural count nouns in English to mean generally c to use Câu trả lời 111 Translators should define proper verbs of English to go with the subject, either …………………….: be, get, become… or action/dynamic verbs run, work… to follow the subject a linking/static verbs Câu trả lời 112 Syntactical forms which ………… used to express grammatical meanings of the verb in English sentences are obligatory, b are Câu trả lời 113 …………………… in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper names, to-infinitives, gerunds, or clauses d The subject Câu trả lời 114 The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and …………………… as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are optional: b verb predicate Câu trả lời 115 A sentence is a group of words conveying a complete idea which normally contain a subject and a verb predicate………………… b in “finite” forms Câu trả lời 116 Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source Language texts …………as to suit the Target Language grammar rules c in such ways Câu trả lời 117 As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun: Mai, and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase b Head Câu trả lời 118 The classification of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive: word classes not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence d Classification Câu trả lời 119 In English, the …………… phrase can be used after a verb, an adjective, or a noun and depend on them c Prepositional Câu trả lời 120 Translators should define both subject and verb predicate at …………… time if they want to translate a sentence a the same Câu trả lời 121 In English-Vietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings of time and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, đang… c Correspond Câu trả lời 122 The …………………………….in the English sentence usually stands right after the subject, giving information about the subject b verb predicate Câu trả lời 123 It is ……………… that in an English sentence the predicate verb (V) be in finite forms, the predicate agreeing with the subject in person and number b Obligatory Câu trả lời 124 As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!) – never by a comma (,) -…………………… b at the end in writing Câu trả lời 125 Coordinating conjuctions are only in mid-position whereas ………………conjunctions can be in initial or midposition in the sentence d Subordinating Câu trả lời 126 It is clear that words are …… of by morphemes For example, the word “book” has one morpheme and “book-s” two morphemes c made up Câu trả lời 127 Things are defined as all animate beings and all inanimate entities Events include all actions, processes, ……… experiences c And Câu trả lời 128 Concept is used in this section to refer not to the form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any given language d To Câu trả lời 129 Figurative meaning is based on or makes use of figures of ………………such as metaphor (an implied comparison between two things with the same characteristic c Speech Câu trả lời 130 Connotation is subjective by the language users, and can be influenced by …… d many factors Câu trả lời 131 There will be words which …………….some of the meaning components combined in them matching a word which has these components with some additional ones b have Câu trả lời 132 ………………meaning is also referred to as conceptual, cognitive or propositional meaning, but the sense is the same a denotative c Indirect 133 In Vietnamese, words that correspond to both lexical ………………… grammatical words in English are numerous c And Câu trả lời 134 The translator begins drafting the translation piece by piece, section …………………………by using the lexis and structures b by section Câu trả lời 135 Faced by a text in a language, as student translators, you should analyze the text by asking and ………….several questions c Answering Câu trả lời 136 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the front of a word are called ……………………… a prefixes Câu trả lời 137 ……………should be aware of the concepts muli-words convey and the rules how to make and write compound words in English a Translators Câu trả lời 138 Meaning components are ‘packaged’ differently in one language from another That is why the translator needs …………… to analyze the lexical items (words) of the source text in order to translate them d to be able Câu trả lời 139 However, grammatical words in general and articles and prepositions in ……………… might cause headache to translators c particular Câu trả lời 140 Vietnamese is a ………… language Vietnamese words not change their forms b non-inflectional 141 It may then be possible to translate with a word in the receptor language which is ………………… the central concept and use a phrase to add a further definition b equivalent for c equivalent with d equivalent to 142 Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a number of meaning components classified as things, events, attributes or relations which are combined ………………lexical items c into Câu trả lời 143 There are some word classes that are only typical in certain languages, so the number of word classes in all languages is not similar and their ……………… are not the same a Relationship b Syntactic functions d grammartical context 144 Translators should rely on the context to select the right word; in ………………about which word to be used, they could consult a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms or any thesaurus for help a case of doubt Câu trả lời 145 The translators should read the text several times, then if possible read other materials that may help in understanding the culture or language of the …………………… c source text Câu trả lời 146 The translator also has to solve, ………………., matters involving text adjustments in terms of additions, omissions and adaptations a in mind Câu trả lời 147 The translator should try ……… in the text those differences (usually by underlining) both in linguistic and cultural aspects between the source and target language c to find Câu trả lời 148 Remember that all of our verbalizing must be done in the target language now We must ……………… between alternatives and produce a text that is sequentially complete c Choose Câu trả lời 149 When analyzing the text for translation ……………… the first time, the translator needs to find answers to these questions: a with c for d Under 150 Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which are words with several …………………meanings d Unrelated Câu trả lời 151 When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme belongs to the ……………… category girl, house, do… which cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units a Free/root Câu trả lời 152 There is any place where information has been added, omitted, or subtracted c subtracted Câu trả lời 153 If any key words are …………… , the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change made b Changed Câu trả lời 154 The translator should examine his reasons for choosing the text and the potential for its use by the …………….audience b Receptor language 155 Certain strategies ………………… those differences; for example, certain expressions or key terms in their text-tobe need to be selected b to deal with Câu trả lời 156 He or she reformulates the translation according to the grammar rules, …………… , cultural norms in the target language a word usage Câu trả lời 157 What is generally understood as translation involves the …………… of a source language text into the target text b rendering Câu trả lời 158 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the end of a word are called………………………… a bound b root d Suffixes !! 159 there is a skewing between the semantic classification …………… the grammatical classification Some words are made up of more than one concept d And câu trả lời 160 The translator must guard against trying to match ………………… from language to language, since each language has its own system for arranging concepts into different parts of speech a pieces of speech d parts of speech 161 It can be said that language cannot exist without words Word ………is the reflection of human perception of the world a Combination b formimg c categorization 162 The stage of editing the translated text which …………… the form of a careful last-minute checking and correcting of possible mistakes or other inaccuracies is implemented in most cases of translation a takes Câu trả lời 163 English vocabulary mostly consists in single words, but …………….… of multiword vocabulary is not small c the amount Câu trả lời 164 If any key words are changed, the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change……………… b made Câu trả lời 165 Once the translation is completed, the translator should revise it, rarely fewer than three times and, ………, with a time lapse (after hours or even days) between revisions c when possible Câu trả lời 166 Translator need revise the draft on the basis of the feedback received from those people who may have suggested many…………………., changes, additions or omissions with the translator a Rewrite c Rewriting d Rewordings 167 Translators have to make sure that they ………………….a text well in the original language c understand Câu trả lời 168 Translators should use procedures of transposition to render from the Source Language texts ………………… as to suit the Target Language grammar rules a in such ways 169 Every text has a set of words which ……………………… to the content and correct communication of the theme a are crucial 170 Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions, articles and pronouns are called parts of ………………… a spoke b Speech d speed 10 ... translation is always possible, but a good translator is never satisfied ……it a With Câu trả lời Dịch đại cương – EN42 Bài luyện tập trắc nghiệm 02 37 While the source text is addressed to a certain …………………,... Author 22 Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative……………………… 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 a Performance The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic... all inanimate entities Events include all actions, processes, ……… experiences c And Câu trả lời 128 Concept is used in this section to refer not to the form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any