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It would be natural that if young couples went on depending on their old parents they would have to provide meals and caring for their children when they get married.. both young and old[r]
(1)I TENSES (THÌ) Thì
Dạng SIMPLE PRESENT(Hiện Tại đơn) SIMPLE PAST(Quá Khứ đơn)
Khẳng định S + V [-s/-es] S + V-ed / 2
Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) S + didn’t + V(bare-inf)
Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) …? Did + S + V(bare-inf) …?
Bị động …am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết - always, usually, occasionally, often, …- every : every day, every year… - once…, twice…, times…
- yesterday
- last : last week, last Sunday…
- ago : two months ago, five years ago… - in the past
Thì
Dạng PRESENT CONTINUOUS(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn) PAST CONTINUOUS(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
Bị động …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- now, at present - at the / this moment - Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past): When I came, she was crying. - While :
A dog crossed the road while I was driving. Thì
Dạng PRESENT PERFECT(Hiện Tại hoàn thành) (Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)PAST PERFECT
Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp S + had + V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …? Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp… …had been + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết - just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately- since, for : since 1995, for years - so far, up to now, from then
- after + (past perfect), (simple past) - before + (simple past), (past perfect) - by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp Thì
Dạng SIMPLE FUTURE(Tương Lai đơn) (Tương Lai hoàn thành)FUTURE PERFECT
Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf)…? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …will be + V-ed/Vpp… …will be + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết - tomorrow- next… : next week, next Monday - in the future
- by the end of this month - by + (time in the future) Khi chia động từ cần ý hòa hợp chủ ngữ (S) động từ (V):
* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
* Each, every, no + noun => số Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook No student is present * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2 Ví dụ : He or you are the best student
* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1 Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report * Chủ ngữ danh từ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money. * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.
II PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) + O
S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O]
Ghi : - Động từ Be phải chia với câu chủ động dạng với Vm. - Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] O me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people…
(2)1 The simple present ( Hiện đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp
2 The present Continuous (H.tại tiếp diễn) S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp
4 The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp
5 The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
8 S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp
Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to………
Ví dụ : They are painting the fence = The pence is being painted by them
Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today. = A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today. The manager should sign these contracts = These contracts should be signed by the manager * Một số dạng câu biû động đặc biệt:
1 Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” “Get”. a Have
* chuí âäüng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * bë âäüng : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday I had the roof repaired yesterday b Get
* chuí âäüng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * bë âäüng : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut
2 Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce Coï daûng bë âäüng:
* chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O) * bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause. Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf
Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class It was said that John was the brightest student in class - John was said to be the brightest student in class
Nếu Verbs of Opinion tại, mệnh đề tường thuật khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau: * chuí âäüng: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O)
* bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp Ex: They know that Mary won the competition
It is known that Mary won the competition Mary is known to have won the competition
3 S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day
III REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
1 Đổi chủ ngữ đại từ nhân xưng khác câu trực chủ ngữ thành phần thứ Lùi động từ mệnh đề bậc so với lúc ban đầu
3 Biến đổi đại từ, phó từ thời gian địa điểm theo bảng qui định Bảng đổi động từ
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present ( Hiện đơn) Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Will/Shall
Can/May
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past progressive
Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Would/ Should Could/ Might
Bảng đổi đại từ thị, phó từ địa điểm thời gian Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next + Time ( week, month, year….) Last + Time ( week, month, year….)
That day The day before Two days before
The next/ the following day In two days
(3)Time + ago This, these Right now Here, Overhere
Time + before That, those At once
There, Overthere Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
He said that he had lost his pen that morning. - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
She told him that she would go with him the next day. - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
He said that he would come there to take that book. - They said to us : “You must this work right now.”
They told us that we had to that work at once.
Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:
V (tường thuật) + wh- / how…if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N) + S + V
Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father = My father asked me what I was doing “Have you seen that film?” John asked = John wanted to know if I had seen that film He asked them “How many children you have?” = He asked them how many children they had
IV CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
1 Điều kiện loại :
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present S + V[-e/es]
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
Simple Future S + will + V(inf) S + will not + V(inf) Will + S + V(inf)…? Unless = if…….not
Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam = Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam
= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam Ghi :
- Sau mệnh đề If mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : khơng viết Unless you don’t write) 2 Điều kiện loại 2, loại :
TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II
Simple Past
Be were (was) S + V-ed/2 S + didn’t + V(inf)
S + would / could + V(inf) S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?
III
Past Perfect
S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
S + would / could have + V-ed/3 S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…? Điều kiện loại : diễn tả việc khơng có thật tại
Điều kiện loại : diễn tả việc khơng có thật q khứ
Dạng tập : Biến đổi câu Dựa vào tình (thường có câu mệnh đề) để xác định + câu mệnh đề nguyên nhân
+ câu mệnh đề kết quả Because
Because of + nguyên nhân
So
+ kết quả Therefore
As a result That’s why => Áp dụng câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)
(4)+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại khơng có thật nên hai mệnh đề câu điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định câu mệnh đề ban đầu.
Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình loại 2) = If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train
They don’t go camping because the weather is bad (tình loại 2) = If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping
She stayed up late That’s why she was ill (tình khứ loại 3) = If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill
V RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )
1 Chức đại từ quan hệ :
WHO : thay cho danh từ người (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ) WHOM : thay cho danh từ người (làm tân ngữ)
WHICH : thay cho danh từ vật (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ)
WHOSE : thay cho hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of …) WHERE : thay cho cụm giới từ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH WHEN : thay cho cụm giới từ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH WHY : thay cho cụm giới từ nguyên nhân, lí ( for + reason)
2 Quy tắt :
(Danh từ người) + WHO + S + S + V… (Danh từ người) + WHOM + S + V…
(Danh từ vật) + WHICH + S + V…+ V…
(Danh từ) + WHOSE + noun + V…+ S + V… (Danh từ nơi chốn) + WHERE + S + V…
(Danh từ thời gian) + WHEN + S + V… Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money He met me at the airport
The man who met me at the airport gave me the money - This is the man We saw him at the party yesreday
This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday - The pencil belongs to me It is in your pocket
The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me - The car is very expensive He bought it
The car which he bought is very expensive
- There is the man His wallet was stolen
There is the man whose wallet was stolen
- The tree should be cut down The branches of the tree are dead
The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down - That is the village I live in the village
That is the village where I live Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : loại mệnh đề này, ta dùng THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM WHICH
- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money - The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me
* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề thường đứng sau danh từ riêng phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, khơng sử dụng THAT để thay thế
- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616 - Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal
VI PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION I Phrases of concession:
In spite of Noun + Phrase Despite V-ing
Ex: In spite of the bad weather, they went on a picnic Despite having a good job, she feels unhappy II Clauses of concession:
1 Although
Though + Clause ( S + V ….) Even though
Ex: Although they are old, they jog every day In spite of the fact that
Despite the fact that + Clause ( S + V ….)
(5)VII PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) 1 MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)
Quy tắc Ví dụ Ngoại lệ
1 Từ có vần:
- Thường nhấn vần đầu
- Danh từ tính từ: nhấn vần đầu - Động từ: nhấn vần cuối
Candy, really, active, carrot Dictate, present, export, rebel Dictate, present, export, rebel
Cadec, divine, possess, guitar, patrol, manure 2 Các từ tận là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR,
IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt trước âm này
Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous
Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance
3 Các từ tận là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ từ sau trước
Adventurous, considerate, altitude, capacity, variety, mechanical, astrology, photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy
Incarnate, disastrous
4 Các từ tận là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn vần cuối
Charade, referee, Vietnamese, engineer, taboo, balloon, cigarette, burlesque
Centigrade, committee, overseer
5 Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse 6 Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết
thứ hai
Bad-tempered, old-fashioned understand, overflow
2 PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED
Từ tận là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ
-p, -pe / p /
/ s /
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
-t, -te / t / Bats , hats, hates, writes
-k, -ke / k / Books, looks, breaks, makes
-gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs
-th, -the / θ / Lengths, bathes
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s /
/ iz /
Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses
-se / z / Uses (v), browses
-sh / ∫ / Washes, smashes
-ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges
-ch / ʧ / Watches, matches, catches
Trường hợp lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears
Từ tận là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ
-d, -de / d / / id / Decided, needed
-t, -te / t / Wanted, dedicated
-k, -ke / k /
/ t /
Looked, caked,
-gh, -ph / f / Laughed, paragraphed
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Mixed, missed, pronounced
-p, -pe / p / Dropped, developed, roped
-sh / ∫ / Established, finished
-ch / ʧ / Scratched, stretched
Trường hợp lại / d / Used (v), prepared, cleaned
PRACTICE TEST 1
I- Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest:
1 A listen B visitor C continue D interesting
2 A different B world C disaster D practiced
3 A question B station C nation D population
4 A climbed B stationed C belonged D established
5 A parks B walks C visits D combs
II- Multiple choice:
6 “Did you meet Ann here at the university ?” “No, we ……… when I started college.”
A have already met B had already met C had already been meeting D already met If my client _ me her fax number, I _ to post a letter to her
A gave,/ will not have B will give / not have C had given / wouldn't have had D had given / will not have had “ Would you like to go to the pop concert?” “ Thanks, but I …… it already”
A had seen B have been seen C have seen D did see
9 He is very worried _ his new job because he is not quite prepared _ working
A on / over B to / off C about / for D in / at
10.The national……….is a programme of study in all the main subjects that children aged to 16 in state schools must follow
(6)11 For the government, education is now at the top of ………
A agenda B outline C order D plan
12 It is the soft ware package to…………your requirements
A meet B fulfill C satisfy D All are correct
13 These goods are more than we need; they are ……… to requirements
A extra B surplus C addition D bonus
14 When I last saw him, he ……….in London
A has lived B is living C was living D has been living
15 We ……… Dorothy since Last Saturday
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
16 “What did you last night?” “ I watched TV, practiced the piano and ……….my homework”
A made B C done D did
17 “ Those eggs of different colors are very artistic” “Yes, they………in Russia”
A were painted B were paint C were painting D painted
18 “ David is in prison for smoking drugs.” “ He ………that it was against the law.”
A is telling B was told C told D tells
19 “ The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from ballroom.” “ Don’t worry They …………them before the dance begins.”
A will have been moved B will have moved C were moved D moved 20 Gold……… in California in the 19th century.
A was discovered B has been discovered C was discover D they discovered 21 ……… that military spending is extremely high
A We are felt B It feels C It is felt D We feel that it
22 I wouldn’t go there at night if I ……….you
A am B was C were D B and C are correct
23 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular
A powerful B optimistic C stagnant D pessimistic
24 While girls lack of ….………, boys often overestimate their abilities
A confidence B confident C confidently D confidences
25 Your medical records are strictly ………,we keep them in secret
A confidence B confident C confidently D confidential 26 Housework has………….been regarded as woman’s work
A traditionally B traditional C tradition D traditionalist 27. _, he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired 28 We should like to………our apologies for the delay to your flight today
A offer B make C D A and B
29 The school pays for heating and the……….of the buildings
A maintenance B mantenant C maintaining D maintenances 30 If she _ the train last night, she ……….here now
A took / were B were taking / is C had taken / would have been D had taken / would be 31 The area is being promoted ……… a tourist destination
A of B as C at D.for
32 We are concerned with the problem of energy resources we must also think of our environment
A despite B though C as though D but
33 A ………… knit in community is the one in which relationships are very close
A close B closely C tightly D B and C
34 Mrs Brown is bored with doing the…………chores
A household B domestic C housework D A and B
35 The singer, _ most recent recording has had much success, is signing autographs
A whose B that C who D whom
IV- Read the passage and choose the best answer:
We are all destroying the earth The seas and the rivers are too dirty to swim in There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks
We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of land all over the world As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough food to eat In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice Moreover, we not take enough care of the countryside Wild animals are quickly disappearing For instance, tigers are rare in India now and because we have killed too many for them to survive However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem We must act now before it is too late to anything about it Join us now Save the earth
36 Why can’t we swim in the seas and the rivers?
A because they are too dirty B because they are too healthy C because they are too harmful D because there is too much smoke 37 How is the air in many of the world’s cities?
A it is very pure B there is so much smoke in it
C it is healthy to breathe it D none are correct
38 What kinds of animals are rare in India now?
A lions B tigers C elephants D bears
39 The result of cutting down trees in Asia and Africa is
(7)C A and B are correct D A and B are incorrect 40 Wild animals are quickly disappearing because
A we take care of the city B we not take care of the city C we take care of the countryside D we not take care of the countryside V Writing
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one 41 The problems which are being discussed are the following
A The problems to discussed are the following B The problems to being discussed are the following C The problems be discussed are the following D The problems being discussed are the following 42 We started writing to each other eight years ago
A.We have rarely written to each other for eight years B.Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other C We wrote to each other eight years ago
D We have been writing to each other for eight years
43 I didn't listen to my father's advice, and I get myself into trouble now A If I listened to my father, I would not get into trouble
B If I had listened to my father, I would not get into trouble C If I listened to my father, I would not have gotten into trouble D If I had listened to my father, I would not have gotten into trouble 44 "Why can't you your work more carefully?" said Henry's boss
A Henry's boss asked him not to his job with care B Henry's boss suggested doing the job more carefully C Henry's boss warned him to the job carefully D Henry's boss criticized him for doing his job carelessly Choose the best sentence that can be arranged from the words given 45 I / read / advertisement / your company / today's newspaper
A I would like to read the advertisement of your company on today's newspaper B I have just read the advertisement of your company in today's newspaper C I enjoy reading the advertisement from your company in today's newspaper D I read the advertisement which is of your company in today's newspaper-VI Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 46.You have to study hard to keep pace in your classmates
A B C D
47.I haven’t come back to Hanoi from my brother last visited me A B C D
48.My father, that has a special craze for cars, has just bought another sports car A B C D 49 If she had eaten fewer sweets, she would lose weight
A B C D
50 A lot of articles about the environment have written by my classmates A B C D
PRACTICE TEST 2
I- Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest:
1 A protected B destroyed C included D needed
2 A live B highway C ideal D environment
3 A minerals B plants C things D regions
4 A music B busy C noisy D Western
5 A energy B quality C healthy D apply
II- Multiple choice:
6 The two sets of figures are not…………different
A sign B significantly C significant D signal Both method rely on the accurate ………of the pressure of the gas
A determine B determination C determined D determining I………Texas state University now
A am attending B attend C.was attending D attended
9 In the nursing professor, women are in the ……… (major)
A majority B major C majorial D majorly
10 The father used to be the………of the household in Vietnam
A head B leader C president D boss
11 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular
A powerful B optimistic C stagnant D pessimistic
12 We want the kids to have the best……….education
A probable B possible C possibly D probably
13 An economic _ is a time when there is very little economic activity, which causes a lot of unemployment and poverty
A improvement B depression C development D mission
(8)A runs B provides C manages D A and B 15 He decided to………a course in art and design
A sit B take C D B and C
16 The train …………half an hour ago
A has been leaving B left C has left D had left
17 Jack…….the door
A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting
18 My sister ………for you since yesterday
A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked
19 “What did you last night?” “ I watched TV, practiced the piano and ……….my homework”
A made B C done D did
20 I ………to the same barber since last year
A am going B have been going C go D had going
21 All plans……….….before departure
A will checked B will has checked C will be checked D will been checked 22 I wanted…………by the head of the company, but it was impossible
A to see B to be seen C seeing D being to see
23 After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in living _ in urban areas
A surface B standards C levels D backgrounds
24 If they had enough time , they ………head south
A did B may C would D
25 If you had the change,…………you go fishing?
A have B would C have had D.will have
26 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy …………
A might be saved B have been saved C was saved D might have been saved
27 Domestic chores will no longer be a burden thanks to the inventions of laborsaving devices
A Official B Household C Schooling D Foreign
28 ………that we were late, we began to run
A Knowing B To know C We knew D As knowing 29 I hate _ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends
A to be asking B to be ask C being asked D of asking
30 “ Did you go to Hawaii for vacation?” “ I…………to go, but I got sick at the last minute.”
A was planned B had planned C had been planning D have planned 31 He ………confidence when he went to college
A got B maintained C gained D obtained
32 Julie failed the exam _ of working very hard
A despite B in spite C even if D though
33 There has been a shift of……… from manufacturing to service industries
A change B alteration C emphasis D movement
34 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted
A In spite B Even though C In spite of D Despite of
35 “ Would you like to go to the pop concert?” “ Thanks, but I ………… it already”
A had seen B have been seen C have seen D did see
III- Read the passage and choose the best answer:
At the age of 65, Laura Ingallls Wilder began writing a series of novels for young people based on her early experiences on the American frontier Born in a state of Wisconsin in 1867 , she and her family were rugged pioneers Seeking better farm land , they went by covered wagon to Missouri in 1869, then on to Kansas the next year, returning to Wisconsin in 1871, and travelling on to Minnesota and Iowa before settling permanently in South Dakota in 1789 Because of this constant moving Wider’s early education took place sporadically in a succession of one-room school From age 13 to 16 ,she attended school more regularly, although she never graduated
At the age of 18, she married Almanzo James Wilder They bought a small farm in the Ozarks, where they remained for the rest of their lives Their only daughter, Rose, who had become nationally known journalist, encouraged her mother to write Serving as agent and editor, Rose negotiated with Harper’s to publish her mother’s first book, Little House in the Big Woods Seven more books followed, each chronicling her early life on the plains Written from the perspective of a child, they have remained popular with young readers from many series, Little House on the Prairie, was introduced ,based on the stories from Wider’s books
36- What is the main topic of the passage?
A A weekly television series B Wilder’s career C American pioneer life D Children’s literature 37- She began writing novels
A When a child in the frontier B rough after she moved to the Ozarks C when she was a young mother D After her sixty- fifth birthday 38- The author mentioned all of the following in Laura Ingallls Wilder’s life except
A she married Almanzo Wilder B she had one daughter
C she went west by covered wagon D she graduated from one-room school 39- The word “they” in paragraph refers to
A more books B the plains C many nations D young readers 40- It can be inferred from the passage that
(9)B Wilder’s daughter was not successful writer
C Laura Ingallls Wilder wrote scripts for the television series D Wilder’s books have a universal appeal
V Choose the underlined word or phrase (A B, C or D) that needs correcting: 41 Oxford University is the older university in England
A B C D
42 The children are very boring and they don't know what to A B C D 43 It spent me 30 minutes to clean the door
A B C D
44 I know that "Romeo and Juliet" is a play writing by Shakespeare A B C D
45 Which city is larger, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City? A B C D
IV Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
Nonverbal communication, or "body language", is communication by facial expressions, head or eyes movements, hand signals, and body postures It can be just as important to understand -(46) words are Misunderstandings- often amusing -(47) - sometimes serious- can arise between people from different cultures if they misinterpret nonverbal signals For example, take the differences in meaning of a gesture (48) - is very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger To an American, it means that everything -(49) - OK To Japanese, it means that you are talking -(50) - money In France, it means that something is worthless Meanwhile in Greece, it is an obscene gesture Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal
46 A more B less C as D than
47 A although B but C unless D in order to
48 A who B where C why D that
49 A were B was C is D are
50 A around B about C among D ahead
PRACTICE TEST 3
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others in each line
1 A helps B provides C documents D laughs
2 A match B chair C character D church
3 A established B worked C stretched D invented
II Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.
4 A centigrade B adventurous C astronomy D colony
5 A bamboo B active C answer D wedding
III Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. Mary always takes great care………….her children
A for B of C to D with
7 Mr Liming wanted _ to the meeting 30 minutes early yesterday
A we go B us going C us go D us to go
8 He said he ………… return later
A will B would C can D would be
9 Do you think a close friend should share joy and sadness ……… you?
A with B on C at D between
10……… ,he wouldn’t have missed the train
A If he listened to me B Unless he listened to me C If he had listened to me D If he didn’t listen
11 ……… is the technology of sending signals and messages over long distances using electronic equipment, for example by radio and telephone
A Telecommunication B Telegraph C Multifunction D Information technology 12 “That's a very nice dress you're wearing” – “……… ”
A That's nice B I'm glad you like it C That's all right D I like it
13 Jack, ………… I played tennis yesterday, was much fitter than me
A who B whom C with whom D with who
14 Children receive its early………… at home so parents should buy some ……… magazines to put them in the bookcase
A educational/ educate B educational/ education C education/ educational D education/ educated 15 At this moment, the team ……… the game among themselves
A has been discussing B have discussing C are discussing D is discussing 16 Since I came here, I…………a lot of acquaintances
A have had B had C have D am having
17. _ we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong
A Although B Despite C Because D Because of
18 We are going to …
A have our house to be decorated B have our house be decorated C get our house being redecorated D have our house redecorated 19 If I had enough money, I……… a good dictionary
A will buy B will have bought C would buy D would have bought
20 "How long are you going to stay?" Susan asked George ………
(10)C how long you were going to stay D how long he was going to stay 21 The curriculum is usually set by the government
A national B nation C nationally D nationality 22 He performed very well in the interview;………… , he didn’t get the job
A since B but C therefore D however 23 You will spend at least one year working abroad … you can find out how things operate overseas
A as long as B because C so as to D so that 24 The conical leaf hat is one of the typical features of the Vietnamese
A education B culture C society D language
25 “What are you going to this weekend?” - _
A I'm very tired B I don't like going out
C It's a good idea D We plan to visit my grandparents 26 Many goods……….in China are now not very saleable in Viet Nam
A manufacturing B manufacture C to manufacture D manufactured 27 _should try to make good impression on interviewers
A Apply B Applicants C Applying D Applied 28 The club last year
A had been opened B was opened C has been opened D was being opened 29 told me this refused to give his name
A The man whom B The man whom was C The man who was D The man who 30 ………… she agreed, you would have done it
A If B had C should D would
IV Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 31 Shall we go for a walk?
A What about go for a walk? B What about going for walk? C What about going a walk? D What about going for a walk? 32.The storm blew a lot of trees down last night
A A lot of trees were blown down last night by the storm B A lot of trees were cut down last night C The storm could have blown a lot of trees D The storm was strong enough to blow down old trees 33 He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane
A If he hurried, he wouldn’t missed the plane B If he had hurried, he could might catch the plane C If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane D He didn’t miss the plane because he hurried 34 “ You damaged my bicycle, Tom!” said John
A John accused to Tom for damaging his bicycle B John accused with Tom to have damage his bicycle C John accused Tom of damaging his bicycle D John accused Tom to damage his bicycle 35 The last time I played football was in 1991
A.I haven’t played football in 1991 B I haven’t played football since 1991 C.I didn’t play football in 1991 D.I last played football since 1991 V- Read the passage and choose the best answer:
In the future, genetic engineering will allow us to create the perfect human It will be hard to get used to Parents will order a baby who 'will grow up to become his new job because he is not quite prepared a genius or to have a Miss World appearance Also, genetic engineering will allow us to mix plants and animals
As computers have advanced, they have helped us remember, calculate, organize, and clarify So it will become easier to deal with things, and much quicker At a point in a future time, some may claim that computers become about as smart as Newton or Einstein More advanced computers will be able to be creative, respond to feelings in a feeling way, develop intuition, recognize patterns, and suggest innovative alternatives There is a hope if we choose to take action We can select Internet information wisely, choose healthy computer games, limit our exposure to television commercials, and select television programs carefully People will be aware of the importance of keeping active, getting outside to more physical activities We will also plan to make a major sacrifice the next time we buy a car, take the bus Everybody will be more concerned about making environmentally friendly choices, eating healthy, and helping build a healthier society by shopping at better stores that sell better food
Most people will be aware that a happy, loving family is a joy to be part of, and that it is a necessary foundation for building a strong society But it is extremely important for our future that we maintain a healthy perspective We need to value and appreciate the importance of what can be achieved by loving and committed parents People need a strong foundation, so it is vital for our society that we encourage parents to work at creating love, joy, and happiness for their children in a decent, stable, and productive atmosphere
36 How many aspects of life in the future are referred in the text?
A One B Two C Three D Four
37 Which aspect is not referred in the text?
A Education B Genetic Engineering C Computers D Family 38 The phrase to have a Miss World appearance means that _.
A to become a Miss World B to enter a beauty contest
C to be intelligent D to be beautiful
39 According to the text, in the future, _.
A it will be difficult for us to select Internet information B people will prefer taking a bus to buying a car
C food will not be sold at shops
D TV viewers will not be able to escape from seeing a lot of advertising 40 The last paragraph is about _.
(11)C children's health D how to build a strong society VI Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one.
41 Even though he has no experience, I plan to hire him.
A I am going to hire him, but he has no experience B.Since he has no experience, I plan to hire him C I’m going to hire him despite his having no experience D He has no experience, so I hire him 42 Jack denied cheating in the exam
A Jack said he had cheated in the exam B Jack said that he hadn’t cheated in the exam C Jack didn’t say that he had cheated in the exam D Jack didn’t say he hadn’t cheated in the exam 43 I think you should stop smoking
A If I am you, I will stop smoking B If I were you, I can stop smoking C If I were you, I would stop smoking D If I had been you, I would stop smoking 44 He prefers golf to tennis
A He would rather play golf to tennis B He‘d rather play glof than tennis C He doesn’t like golf and tennis D He’d play golf than tennis 45 We produce more food It gets cheap
A The most food we produce, the cheapest it gets B The more food we produce, the cheaper it gets C More food we produce, the cheaper it gets D The less food we produce, the cheaper it gets
PRACTICE TEST 4 I Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words.
1 A informal B provide C problem D supply
2 A employment B different C president D evident
II Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others in each line A teachers B arrives C textbooks D combs
4 A high B advice C guide D river
5 A pleasure B please C easy D leave
III Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. They let their children up late at weekends
A staying B to stay C stay D stayed If I you, I’d call and apologise
A am B were C would be D was
8 - Must I also include my official high school transcripts?
- Yes Remember that they _ translated into English and certified by appropriate authorities
A can be B will be C may be D must be
9 Mary and I are looking forward you
A of seeing B for seeing C to seeing D to se
10 When we were kids, we understand the importance of choosing a career
A don’t B won’t C didn’t D weren’t
11 I am going to visit the town _ I was born and grew up
A where B which C when D who 12 Your car is quite old It's the same as
A us B our C ours D we're
13 The farmers in my village often their work very early in the morning
A beginning B is beginning C begins D begin
14 Americans often say “Thank you” when you help them _ something
A B makes C to doing D doing
15 The workers _go to work late last week
A use to B used C used to D were used to
16 Today, the scientists in the world research on Aids
A doing B does C make D are doing
17 Your must be typed into copies to hand in for our company
A applicants B application C applicating D applying
18 I apologized the book at home
A for leaving B to leaving C leaving D to leave 19 _the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend Saturday at work A Despite B Even if C Even though D In spite 20 Bird flu _by the virus H5N1
A are caused B is causing C is caused D caused
21 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study
A finish B finishes C finished D had finished
22 We _ for HaNoi on the earliest plane tomorrow
A leave B are leaving C were leaving D will have left
23 Tom was the last the classroom yesterday
A to leave B leaving C left D leaves 24 Why didn’t you listen to me I was talking to you?
A while B until C by the time D whenever
25 Doctors and pharmacists have to assume ……… for human life A responsibility B achievement C optimism D aspect 26 If I _ you were sick I would have called sooner
(12)27 You give a party in your new house to celebrate moving into it
A housekeeping B house guest C house coming D housewarming 28 - Go to the cinema in the evening with me
- Let me ask my parents permission
A for B about C with D to
29 We should take care of war invalids and family of martyrs
A look after B look into C look for D look at
30 It was so noisy that I couldn’t concentrate _ my lesson
A in B at C from D on
IV Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
Most young couples have meals regularly in their parents’ home with little or no pay, and give their children to the care of old couple free of charge Investigations have shown that parents of many couples don’t mind providing meals and caring for their children However, this practice shouldn’t become an accepted social custom
The old couples’ expense on food has already increased while young couples spend more on clothing and furnishing and less on food If this trend continues, many young couples might take these privileges for granted and become more dependent
It is not the right for young peoples to make the use of the old couples’ love, not only because our nation is well – known for its special respect paid to the elderly , but also because the young must become independent What young people should is to become more considerate towards their old parents
After years of hard work, they are worthy of such consideration 31 Most married young couples _
A have not become independent completely B pay no respect to the elderly C live in with their parents
D have meals regularly in their parents’ home for they have little or no fee
32 The writer thinks it is for old couples to provide meals or care for their married children
A right B understandable
C wrong D an accepted social custom
33 According to the passage, young couple should _ A be less demanding and more caring towards their old parents B pay for the meals they have in their parents home
C spend less on clothing and furnishing and more on food D look after their children themselves
34 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A The reason why young couples depend on their parents to different degree is that their home is smaller B What troubles young people most is that no one will look after their children except their own parents C Old couple should give money to their children instead of providing meals or caring for them
D It would be natural that if young couples went on depending on their old parents they would have to provide meals and caring for their children when they get married
35 This article is particularly written for
A young couples B young couples’ children
C old couples D both young and old couples
V Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
When my parents married, they rented a small house and they didn’t have a lot of money for furniture The kitchen had a sink for washing up and a cooker, but that was all They (36) _ an old table and chair from the market They borrowed a sofa which was (37) old, but they covered it with modern materials so it was bright and cheerful
Outside, there was a small garden (38) _ the house, but in front of it there was only the road Luckily the road wasn’t busy, so I could cross it to reach the park on the opposite side We lived there (39) I was ten and we were very happy We had to move house because it was too small when my twin sisters were born We all (40) _ sad when we left
36 A became B bought C sold D brought
37 A more B even C also D little
38 A before B through C by D behind
39 A until B when C after D to
40 A spent B thought C had D felt
VI Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 41 You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job A B C D
42 My little daughter is going to being taken to day care center A B C D
43 There are also many single mothers and single fathers which are raising children by themselves A B C D 44 The result of that test must be inform before August
A B C D
45 She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now A B C D
VII Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 46 “They are playing soccer now.” The passive voice is:
A Soccer is played now B Soccer is being played now C Soccer are being played now D Soccer is be played now 47.Although sales fell sharply last month, we are on target for the year
(13)C Despite the sharp fall in sales last month D Even if falling sharply in sales last month 48 He asked me how I earned my living
A He wanted to know what my job was B He wanted to know how I lived
C He wanted to know how I enjoyed my life D He wanted to know how much I got for a salary 49.”No parking” It means:
A There is no park here B You can’t go to the park here
C You are not allowed to park your car here D There’s not enough space for parking here 50 It rains so we can’t go to school
A If it rains, I could go to school B If it didn’t rain, I could go to school C If it not rain, I could go to school D If it rains, I can go to school
PRACTICE TEST 5
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others:
1 A pull B bus C sun D brush
A chew B cherish C chemical D cheer
3 A pilot B ideal C identify D give
II Choose the word whose main stress pattern is not the same as that of the others:
4.A simplicity B equality C difficulty D discovery
5.A company B atmosphere C customer D employment
III Choose the word or phrase (A B C or D) that best fits the blank space in each sentence: London is the city in ……… I was born
A where B which C that D there
7 London is ……….……of England
A a capital B capital C one capital D the capital
8 Hung "Thank you very much for a lovely party" Hoa "……… "
A You are welcome B Thanks C Cheers D Have a good day
9 I remember……… you somewhere before
A meet B meeting C met D to meet
10 I haven't seen him …………
A many years B many years ago C for many years D since many years 11 The children, ………….parents work late, are taken home by bus
A that B whom C whose D.their
12 If ………… a ticket, I could get in
A I'd have B I had C I have D I've got
13 He has really worked hard so far, …………he?
A does B has C doesn't D hasn't
14 This is Mary , _ is taking over my job when I leave
A that B which C who D whom 15 You will have to work hard if you want to………
A success B.succeed C successful D successfully
16 If I had time, I ………… to the beach with you this weekend
A will go B would go C would have gone D will have gone
17 I'd rather they ………… us the truth
A tell B told C would tell D will tell
18 When I came, he ………., I was sad as I couldn't say "Good bye" to him
A was about to leave B was leaving C has already left D had already left 19 We have ……… of time to catch the train so there's no need to rush
A very much B enough C great deal D plenty
20 ……… you work much harder, you won't pass the exams
A Although B If C Unless D When
21 In 1966, my brother at Harvard university
A studies B is studying C studied D had studied 22 English ……… in many parts of the world
A speaks B was spoken C is speaking D is spoken
23 Her car has broken down……… is to walk to the nearest telephone A whatever she does B that she can now
C all she can now D the thing which she 's doing now 24 He said to me: “Don’t sit on my chair!”
A He said to me not to sit on his chair B He told me: not to sit on his chair C He said to me not sit on his chair D He told me not to sit on his chair 25 They have an apartment the park………
A overlooking B that overlooking C overlooks D overlooked 26 Most of the people……… to the wedding banquet arrived late
A who inviting B whom were invited C invited D invite 27 ………an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving every slowly on the London Road
(14)A friends B friendship C friendly D friend 29 AIDS is a/an ……… disease
A endanger B danger C endangered D dangerous
30 Whether we go out will depend ………… the weather
A in B about C on D with
31 The children ……… to the zoo
A were enjoyed taking B were enjoyed taken C enjoyed taking D enjoyed being taken 32 I don't have my own room I have to………the bedroom with my elder brother
A divide B share C separate D live
33 If the bus to the airport ………… so late, we'd have caught the plane
A weren't B hadn't been C haven't been D wouldn't be 34 The equipment in our office needs…………
A moderner B modernizing C modernize D modernization
35 I……… television a lot but I don't any more
A was watching B was used to watch C used to watch D have been watching IV Choose the word or phrase (A B C or 0) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:
When you are in front of a large audience, you often think of your image? How important is image? Obviously film stars have to look right for the part, but what about other people in _ (36) public eye? For example, politicians have to think about _ (37) appearance, too? Albert Mehrabian studied the effect that speakers have their audience His research showed _ (38) only 7% of the effect depends on what you say; 38% of the effect comes from your voice; but a huge 55% of the effect comes from your appearance So _ (39), you don't have to worry too much about content! Your voice and your appearance are much more important The clothes you wear, the eye contact and smile you _ (40) your listeners - all contribute to creating positive impression on the audience
36 A its B the C an D a
37 A they B theirs C them D their
38 A when B how C that D which
39 A there B in that C in conclusion D in fact
40 A give B have C keep D remain
V Read the passage below carefully and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D:
In the future, maybe all cars that run on petrol will be replaced by solar cars, which have been around for a while, but with recent developments in solar car design and the measurement of photovoltaic cells becoming smaller, the dream of a truly efficient solar car is more reality than fantasy A solar car is a vehicle powered by photovoltaic cells, also called solar cells, which convert sunlight (light energy) into electrical energy As a source of energy on earth, there is nothing like the sun: in a mere one thousandth of one second (.001), the sun emits enough energy to fulfill our planet's energy needs for the next 5,000 years It is a staggering fact, and an exciting one Since the energy from the sun is responsible for renewable resources such as wind, tides, and heat, solar energy seems to offer the brightest future for not only cars, but for the entire energy crisis Despite the appearance that solar energy may be the least feasible among the current crop of alternative fuel propositions, new solar powered devices and more specifically solar powered cars are beginning to be developed How Solar Cars work?
The photo-voltaic cells absorb photons from sunlight This action generates heat, which the cells then convert into electrical energy and stores in an on-board battery This process of conversion is called the photovoltaic effect Not surprisingly, such a vehicle has zero emissions, and is very environmentally friendly Unfortunately, at the moment photovoltaic cells are extremely inefficient, yet as time progresses the efficiency of these cells will grow This will make solar energy and solar cars the fuel and car of the future-a closer reality
41.According to the text, _
A up to now, we have designed some solar cars B solar cars have been very popular for many years C we have not produced any solar cars yet D solar cars are not as much appreciated as other kinds of car 42 A solar car is supplied power from _
A gas B petrol C photovoltaic cells D electricity
43 Which can not help us to solve the problem of energy crisis?
A wind B tide C the sun D heat from the moon
44 According to the text, _
A no powered solar devices have been developed so far
B besides solar car, we have also developed solar powered device C solar energy plans are more feasible than wind energy plans D tide can supply more energy than the sun
45 The photovoltaic effect is _
A the process of operating a solar car B the process of absorbing photons from the sun
C the developing of solar cars and solar powered devices D the converting of heat from the sun into electricity
VI Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 46 John applied for the job even though he has no experience in the field
A John didn't apply for the job if he had experience in the field B Because of his experience in the field, John applied for the job
C John was unable to apply for the job because he was inexperienced in the field D In spite of his inexperience in the field, John applied for the job
47 The last time when I saw her was three years ago
(15)C I have not seen her for three years D I saw her three years ago and will never meet her again 48 It is the earth's gravity that gives us our weight
A If there were not the earth's gravity, we would be weightless B Due to the earth's gravity we cannot weigh anything
C We are overweight because of the earth's 'gravity D The earth's gravity is given weight by people
49 Barry continued to smoke even though we had advised him to quit A Barry took our advice so he stopped smoking
B If we had advised Barry, he would have quit smoking C Barry did not quit smoking because of our advice D Despite being told not to smoke, Barry continued to 50 Many people think Steve stole the money
A It was not Steve who stole the money B Steve is thought to have stolen the money C Many people think the money is stolen by Steve D The money is thought to be stolen by Steve
(16)