Vc gdc dp quin ly dd'i vdi giai phap kien true va ky thuat cdng trinh, song song vdi viec kiem soat bang cac quy djnh phap ly, d n xay dUng cae dang "So tay hudng din" de cun[r]
(1)Quan ly khdng gian
Kien true
EN BEN VQN
Sfl QUY HOACH - KIEN TRUC TP HCM | Khdng gian kien true la t d quan trpng de tao dUng ban sac va dien mao cho dd thi Vi vay, quan iy khdng gian nay the nao ludn la bai toan dat cho cac nha quan ly thanh phd
TrUdc viec TP HCM cd nhiiu biin ddng ve khdng gian kiin true, vdi sUc hut diu tU rat Idn, viec giQ gin ban sic kiin true cua khu hien hQu va kien tao dien mao dd thj dpc cac tuyin giao thdng huyet mach mdi dang dQdc dat Viec ddi hdi phai cd cd sd phap ly diy dii va khoa hpc, d i vQa dim bio dinh hQdng chung ciia pho, vQa cd tinh dgc trQng phu hdp vdi tQng khu vuc, de phuc vu viec quin ly phat triin kidn true dd thj theo hudng bin vQng
Kiin true gdp phan quan trpng viec tao nen bd mat va ban sic cua dd thi Do dd, phd da triin khai thQe hien lap thiet ke dd thi va xay dung quy che quan ly kiin true dd thj ddi vdi cac khu vUc nay, nhQ Quy chi quin ly kiin true Khu trung tam hien hQu md rdng ciia phd (930 ha), Thiit k i dd thi Dai Id Ddng - Tay,
De xuat budc dau mpt so nguyen tic thiet ke va quan ly kiin true d n h quan dd thj hudng din muc tieu phat trien bin vQng
Qua nhin nhan, tong kit mpt so thuc hanh va sang kiin kien true canh quan dd thj tren dia ban TP HCM thdi gian vua qua, Sd Quy hogch - Kiin true nhan thay thiit ke va quan ly kien true d n h quan dd thi ed mpt sd nguyen tie sd bp nhu sau:
Ve to chi^c khong gian kien true do thj:
6 khia cgnh mdi trudng, dd la nguyen tic thiit ke kien true canh quan dd thi theo hudng tdn trpng va than thien vdi thien nhien, tan dung tdi da Idl ich va hgn che nhung tac dpng bat Ipi tQ mdi trQdng thien nhien: Oac biet bao ve va tan dung mang iQdi sdng rach dac trung d
thanh pho, sQ dung hieu qua anh sang mat trdi, gid tu nhien
Trong quy hogch thiet ke eac khu chQc nang cua dd thj, nen nghien cUu tich hdp cac giai phap quy hogch - kien true vdi giai phap ky thuat tang dd thi; chang han nhU giai quyet kit hop dnh quan va thoat nUdc dd thj bang he thd'ng hd canh quan van hanh nhU h6 dieu tiet, mang xanh tham nude mUa, bo sung nUdc ngam
0 khia canh van hda - xa hpi, can tao lap ban sic kien true dd thj phd qua viec xac dinh va phat huy cac gia tri dac thu nhU: mat nudc (sdng Sai Gdn, he thong kenh rach), cac khu Idi dd thi cu vdi nhOng cdng trinh mang gia tri lich sQ - van hda dan xen kiin true mdi the hien qua trinh phat triin Ching han nhu, ngoai viec khai thac mat nude, khdng gian di bp hai ben ddng sdng la dudng thi due buoi sang ciia cU dan, la ndi gap gd giao lUu ciia cac the he Trong nhQng le hdi, khdng gian bd sdng trd khdng gian l i hdi, la ndi bin phao hoa, la chd td chQc cac trd chdi va to chQe cae san khau gin lien vdi nude Cay d u de noi liin khdng gian hai ben bd khdng chi la
(2)Mot so cQa hang, nha hang cai tao tren cu trung tam Tan dung khong gian canh quan mat nudc Via he xanh tren dudng
d khu thj Phu My HUng Ba Huyen Thanh Quan
tang quanh khu vQc Nha thd DQc Ba, than khdng mat di tinh ke thQa va bin sic ciia thien vdi ngudi di bp rieng minh
phUdng tien giao thdng ma cdn la phQdng tien de the hien tham my dd thi vdi kiin true
rieng ciia nd
Can cd chiin lupc gin giQ va phat huy cac gia tri van hda dac trUng ciia thi nhu bao ve va khai thac cd hieu qua nhQng cdng trinh kiin true cd gia tri bao ton; tao lap nhQng khdng gian dUdng phd than thien, gin gui vdi tap quan sinh hoat ciia ngUdi dan (day pho, via he, cay xanh ); thuc day khdng gian edng cpng gan ket vdi cac hogt dpng ngudi dan dd thi (cac edng vien, vudn hoa )
6 khia canh kinh te, viec quy hoach dd thi tap trung khai thac hdp ly cac quy dat theo hudng tap trung, tranh dan trai, khai thac tdi Qu he thdng tang ky thuat va xa hpi dd thj (Qu tien mat dp nen cao); tQ dd danh quy dat tu nhien (chQa khai thac) de danh cho mdi trudng dd thj va dQ tru cho kha nang phat trien dd thj tQdng lai
Trong cdng tac quan ly kien true dd thi, cac nguyen tic tren d n dUpc tong hdp va phap ly hda eac quy djnh chung ciia phd ve quy hoach - kien true, quy chi quan ly quy hoach, kien true dd thi (theo hudng din tgi Nghi djnh 38 neu tren); doi vdi cac khu vUc dac thu can xay dung cac quy che rieng din tUng d pho, Id dat de lam cd sd hudng din va kiem soat qua trinh dau tU xay dung khu vUc
V e giai phap kien true va ky thuat cong trinh:
Nguyen tic cd ban la ap dung nhung nguyen tic thiet ke truyen thdng phu hpp dieu kien hau nhiet ddi ndng am tQ nhQng edng trinh cd quy md nhd (vi du cac giai phap sif dung mai hien, la chop, manh che.) den quy md Idn hdn (nhU su dung cau true vo hai Idp,.,), dong thdi giai phap to chQc khdng gian, day chuyen chuc nang phu hop tap quan sinh hoat ciia ngu'di Viet Nam Oat tong the khu vuc can chu y nghien cQu hinh khoi, ty le cdng trinh phu hdp khdng gian dd thi dac thii ciia VI du nhu cdng trinh Diamond Plaza vdi khoi thap kinh lui sau phia trong, khoi be cdng trinh tang, kiin true co dien bang vat lieu da tring, gan gui vdi khdng gian thap
Trong giai phap ky thuat cdng trinh, d n tien tdi ap dung day dii Quy chuan xay dQng VN ve cdng trinh xay dUng sif dung nang lupng cd hieu qua, thi diim ap dung he thong chi so "cdng trinh xanh" dd'i vdi cac cdng trinh cdng cpng, thudng mgi cd quy md Idn (nhU he thong Lotus, dang dUdc nghien cQu ap dung dd'i vdi cdng trinh tru sd Sd Khoa hpc -Cdng nghe TP.HCM)
Vc gdc dp quin ly dd'i vdi giai phap kien true va ky thuat cdng trinh, song song vdi viec kiem soat bang cac quy djnh phap ly, d n xay dUng cae dang "So tay hudng din" de cung cap cho cac kien true su, ky sQ, ngQdi dan va nha dau tu, nhim tang cQdng nhan thQe va khuyin khich cac thuc hanh kien true vQa bin vQng ve mdi trudng (han c h i tac dpng tieu cue dd'i vdi mdi trudng) va c l v i kinh te - xa hdi (nhu tiet kiem chi phi van hanh, phu hdp tap quan ldi song CLia ngudi dan )
PhU6ng hUdng quan ly kien true do thj theo muc tieu phat trien ben vuing
ThiJc hien muc tieu nay, kien true thi can duoc phat trien theo dinh huong sau: Tong the kien true phd p phii dUde hinh tren cd sd phan bo va phat trien cac khu vUc theo mo hinh phu hdp, dac biet boi d n h bien doi hau toan d u Kien true ciia mdi khu vUc phai cd ban sic rieng, phu hop vdi diiu kien kinh t i , tu nhien, dac diem xa hpi va truyen thd'ng van hda lich sQ Viec hinh tong the kien true phai can cQ vao cac an quy hoaeh dd thi dupc phe duyet, dd, phai coi trpng npi dung thiet k i dd thi, nhim muc tieu gin kit cac cdng trinh kien true va d n h quan thien nhien, tgo mpt hinh anh dd thi dac trUng, mang tinh da dang mpt each thong nhat
Tong the kien true cdn phai phat trien theo hudng hda nhap giQa qua khu, hien tai vdi tudng lai Trong dd, viec d i tao, nang d p gia tri cac khu vut dd thi hien cd, dong thdi vdi viec phat then cac cdng trinh va khu thi mdi, hien dai, ed ed sd hg tang dong bp, nhim dam bio bp mat kiin true truyin thdng dupc tQng budc doi mdi, song vin
Trong tdng the kien true eiia tQng khu vQc, mdi mdt cdng trinh la mpt bp phan d u khdng gian kien true dd thj Do dd, viec tgo lap va hinh cac cdng trinh kiin true moi khu vQc phai tuan thii nguyen tic kit hdp chung vdi rieng, ca nhan vdi cpng dong Viec d i tao, xay dQng dd thi phii tuan thii cac quy tic quin ly quy hoach va thiit k i thj mpt each chat che tao nen mpt trat tu kiin true phu hdp vdi khdng gian va thdi gian
Thaeh thufc ddi vdi eong tae quan ly kien true thj ben vufng: Hien nay, thuc t i cdng tac quan ly kiin triic dd thi tren dia ban TP.HCM gap khdng it khd khan thach thQe tQ dgc thu hien trgng phat trien eiia phd'
Cac thach thQe dd la: toe dp phat triin dd thj nhanh, sQ phan hda v i mat xa hpi gia tang cung vdi sQ phat triin, din din sU each biet giQa eac khu vUc dd thi, giQa vung phat trien va dang phat triin
Cd d u hg tang noi kit cung cdn thieu, khdng dim bao tieu chuan tien nghi ciia mdt dd thj diiu kien edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda; qua trinh dd thi hda chUa dupc kiem soat mdt each triet de
Dac thu nha phan Id lien k i hien hQu tren khap dia ban pho, dac biet la khu npi cu; cac 16 dat hinh dgng khdng diu, dan xen vdi he thdng dQdng giao thdng khu chQa hoan toan phu hdp (mang IQdi dQdng hem nhd, din den van d i giii quyit giao thdng tiip can, bai dau xe, luong di bp ciia ngUdi dan edn nhiiu han chi, vin chua cd eac giai phap thich hdp
Tinh trang eac cdng trinh vdi quy md khac cd su chuyen doi sQ dung eho nhieu ChQc nang, xen cai tren nen dd thi hien hQu vdn chua dupc to chQc cac he thong hg tang dd thi phu hdp tinh chat sif dung
Cac van bin phap ly cdn chong cheo, thay doi lien tuc gay khd khan cho viec thuc hien va quin ly khung phap luat chua dong bp, thieu cac van ban quy phgm phap luat hudng
(3)^ J ^ ^ ^
Cong trudng M e Linh Kho bac Nha nudc TP H C M Mot goc nha thd DiJc
dan chi tiit viec quin ly kien true, thiiu co che khuyen khich, tgo diiu kien phat trien kiin true dd thj
Viec diu tu nghien cQu xay dung mdi he thdng cac quy trinh - quy pham, tieu chuan va quy chuan, sd tay thiit k i ITnh vUc thiit k i quy hoach xay dung va quan ly dd thi cung chua dUdc quan tam mdt each cd he thong, din tdi viec cac cd quan tu van va quin ly dd thj vin phii sQ dung nhQng quy djnh vQa lac hau, vQa khdng cdn phu hdp vdi yeu d u hda nhap quoc t i giai doan hien va tUdng lai
Ooi vdi mdt so khu vUc dgc biet nhu khu npi cu, khu trung tam hien hOu, hien nay, sQc ep ciia tinh kha thi cac dQ an dau tU dat nang tren khia cgnh chi tieu quy hogch - kien true, phd cdn thieu cac cd c h i va cdng cu kinh t i - tai chinh hd tro
Trong cdng tac bao tdn kiin true, hien viec bio ton, giQ gin cac cdng trinh dan dung nhu nha d, biet thQ cung gap rat nhieu vUdng mac; nhieu biet thu bi pha vd v i canh quan kiin true, nhieu nguyen nhan nhu tinh trang xay chen, xay cdi khdng phep, trai phep de d va kinh doanh, hda gia nha, mua ban, chuyen djch sd hQu cac phan dien tich khac khudn vien biet thu gdc din din viee sQ dung, xay dung lai khdng ddng bp, xay dUng nhieu ting vdi edng nang khac, Ben canh dd, vin cdn thiiu cd chi chinh sach (vi tai chinh, cac cd che khac) hd trd cho cac chii sd hOu, chii sif dung hay nha dau tu ddi vdi cac cdng trinh cu cd gia tri bao ton hoac cdng trinh nam khu vUc bao tdn kien true d n h quan Chung ta cdn thiiu each lam va cac giii phap phat huy cac gia trj cudc sdng dUdng dai Diiu din din khd thuc hien hieu qua yeu d u bao tdn, phat huy dUdc gia tri ciia cdng trinh va d n h quan kien true bao ton
Trong quan ly kiin true hien chUa ed dinh hQdng va chien IQpc rd rang ddi vdi muc tieu phat trien ben vQng; cac nguyen tie ciia kiin true ben vUng chua dQdc trien khai diy dii thiit k i dd thi va cac dd an quy hogch dd thj
Nhgn thQe ciia ngUdi dan va nha diu tU, nang lUc cua dpi ngu sang tac kiin true, can bd
quan ly kien true cdn han chi, thiiu thdng tin v i kien true ben vQng Oe khic phuc nhQng khd khan va van de cdn ton tai tren, rd rang d n cd mpt nd IQc ldn tQ phia - bao gdm d chinh quyin, cac nha chuyen mdn kien true, cpng dong ngUdi dan bao gom ca nha diu tU - viec hoach dinh mpt chiin IQpc rd rang va kien tri thUc hien
Cd the ndi nha d la mpt phan chii yiu d u true dd thj ciia phd De khic phuc nhQng he luy neu tren tU hien trgng nha d dd thi, d n cd quy hoach to chQc cac md hinh d phu hdp cho cac khu vUc khac dd thj; dd, cdng tac quy hogch phan khu d n phii xac djnh va giai quyit cu thi NhQng md hinh phu hdp nhu nha lien k i , nha biet thu, nha vUdn, nha chung cU se tao dieu kien giai quyet eac van de hg ting dd thi, hinh nhQng khdng gian canh quan dd thi phu hdp vdi dgc diem tQ nhien va kinh t i - xa hpi dgc thu ciia tQng khu vUc
Rd rang la muc tieu kiin true dd thi ben vQng khdng chi giai quyet bing cdng tac quan ly phat triin kiin true ma cdn d n cd cac cd che va cdng cu ve kinh te - tai chinh dd thj
Ba - Diamon Plaza Khu nha d thap tang Nguyen Du Park Villas
de hd trd Chang hgn nhU: chi'nh sach thui lien quan chQc nang sQ dung ciia cong trinh (Uu dai thue dd'i vdi cac chQc nang khuyin khich tang trudng, tang thue dd'i vdi eac chQe nang d n hgn che); cac eo che thue tang, thui mdi trudng dd'i vdi eac dU an ed tac ddng dang ke den hg tang va mdi trQdng dd thj; ddng thdi cd cac chinh sach uu dai eac du an ap dung tieu chi "cdng trinh xanh", hd trd cac du an lien quan mue tieu bio tdn va phat huy cac cdng trinh di sin kien true dd thi, Viec quin ly phat trien khdng gian kiin true dd thj la mpt tiin trinh lau dai, theo hudng d i thien va hudng den muc tieu bin vQng, dd can chap nhan nhQng tdn tgi hien eiia nhQng cai cu, cai chUa dUdc, cai chUa hay Diiu d n thiit la cd chien lUdc va Id trinh hdp ly de khic phue, logi bd din nhQng yeu td chua hay dd va thuc day viec thUc hien kiin true tien tien
TP HCM se xay dQng chQdng trinh hanh ddng cu thi, phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te ciia pho, nhim gdp phan xay dUng dd thj ben vQng va phat trien kien true Thanh phd hien dgi, giau ban sic, tuong xQng vdi tam vdc ciia thdi ky phat triin
Sd dung he lam i han nang d cdng trinh Centre Point (dUdng Nguyen V.in Trdi)
Sd (lung he kinh l('i() Double-glazing d < ao d( Bitexco Financ iai Tower (dang xay dUng)