Theo thdng ke cua Chinh phu Anh thi nam 2010 c6 44% ngudi song trong nha d xa hoi la cha me don than khong noi nuong tua, trong dd 21% la ngudi gid trdn 65 tudi, 24% tren 75 tuoi; 25[r]
(1)K ] I V A N Bt QUAM TAM
Nhadxahgi-Nhad cho ngi/di thu nh$p thap UPGS TS HGUY^N MINH HdA "Trudng Khoa DO Ihj hpc, Trudng DH Qufic gia TP HCM, MAI HA
1 NHA O X A H O K S O C I A L HOUSING) Khai ni0m "Nha xa hOi" bat diu xucit hi$n tir cdc nu6c Anh, My, Canada vio nhQng nam 1970 vd d^n dSn Ian rOng ra c^c nu6c khSc nhu Nh§t BSn, Hdn Qu5c Nha xa hOi la mpt logi nha cung cSp cho nhfrng ngu6i khfing c6 thu nh«ip, ho^c cd nhung khdng dcing kl Hq) Id nhDng ngu61 khOng th^ ndo vi khSng bao gid ty kilm minh ki^m duvc m9t ch5 NhOng ngu^ ndy thirdng Id ngudi vO gia cu, nguiM gia dcpn thdn, ngu6t t|t nguy^n, ngubi dau y^u khOng noi nuong ty^, nhQng ngudi sau man hgn to nhung khOng cdn sue lao d^ng Lo9i nhd ndy nhiSu tru6ng hop 6u<yc gQl la nhd t£r thi^n, Ceic lo^l nhd nay da phdn Id cua nhd nude, ngodl c6n c6 cdc hi$p h^i nhd 6, cdc t6 chCrc tir thl^n tham gia tCmg phin d^ tri cuOc sdng cda nhOng ngudi sdng nhd xa hOi
TCiy timg hoan cdnh cy th6 md ngirfirt dSng ky nhd xd h^i c6 ngudt c6 \h6 duQc miSn phf hodn todn hole cho ttiuS v6i gid thSp PhSn tign thu6 ndy thudng duQc cdc t6 chijc tCr thl§n nhu nhd thfir, td chiJc phi chlnh phO, cdc mgnh thudng qudn chl trd qua cdc qu? md khdng chi trd tri;c tifip cho ngudi sir dyng vi sp' hp tieu phung phf
DSc diem chinh cua loai nha la ngucn SLT dung khflng cO bSt cu quy^n scr hCfu khong dupe chuyen nhuijng, khong thua ke ma chi co quyen sd dung CO then han - n3m Nhung nha khdng ISm bang vat lieu ki^n CO (CO the goi la nhS t^m), nhi/ng c6 du cac tien nghi tdi thi^u nhu di^n, nuoc, gas, nha ve sinh, nha b§p, nha tam Vi tri cua logi nha ducc dSt nhung manh dat ma chu so huu chua dung den No khong dSt a khu vuc trung tam hay cac nut giao thong ddng due, CO the' dat a ngogi thanh, cac khu vuc xa Nhung nguoi song nha xa hoi phai cam ket phSp ly, h^t then han sir dung neu chij sd hCru can lay lai de dua vao khai thac nhu xay cSc cong trinh mdi thi phai chd'p hanh, khflng kien cao Khi dq tinh hinh md nhd nuoc
se bo tri hq vao song cac khu nha 6xa hoi khac
Nhung du la cua nha nude hay cac to" chuc tu thign thi cung ducrc quy v^ mot moi la mot to chuc Chinh phu dung lo lieu d^ d4 be quan ly ve an ninh trat tu, vq sinh mdi trudng va cung tranh trudng hop bi nhung ngudi c6 dyng tam xau loi dung ho lam an phi phap nhu buon ban ma tuy, hay loi dung danh nghta ho de kiem tten tir nhCrng ngudi tot
(2)Trong thbi gian vCra qua trfin b^o chf, th^m chf mOt v^i van bSn cOa c^c bo ng^nh n6i d^n loai nhS gi5 th^p ho9c daoc nh^ nadc h6 tro cho nhS dSu t u v^ ngadi mua nhS vdi inOt lis chung Id "nhd xa hOi" V^y t h ^ nao IS a xa hOi vd khSc gl vdi nhd d cho ngudi thu nhSp th^p?
VI t$t nguy^n, tai ngn lao dOng, tai ngn giao thdng
2.NHAdCH0NGU((IT1iUNHAPTHilP
V A N H A J U G I A R ^
Nhli frcho ngirdri t h u nh^p t h i p Cin khing djnh nhd cho ngudi thu nhdp thSp Id mdt lo^i sdn phSm hdng hda khOng phdi Idm Ki thl^n md Id d4 b^n D6i tjT?ng mua Id ngudi cd thu nhdp th^p cd th^ tCr luong, ti4n Idm cdng nhung sd ti^n kl^m dupe ft, chi di3 trang trdi cu6c sfing vd tfch IDy chCtt ft nhung khdng th^ ndo mua dupe nhd d n^u khdng c6 sy h6 trp ndo dd tCr nhi^u phfa
Lo«ii nhd d cho ngudi thy nhdp th^p ttiudng cd gid rS hon cdc logi nhd khdc Lydo:
Thi> nhat, logl nhd ndy hodn todn khdng te ve chSt lupng nhu nhieu ngudi nghT Nd vSn ddm bao dd b^n vOng vdi nhung tifiu chu^n xdy dyng cc bdn, chl cd di4u no khdng sij dyng cac thi^t bj d^ti4n, chlng han nhu nhOng nhd th^p tang (dudi ting), khdng cd thang mdy, Midng sfr dyng cdc ttiifit bi v§ sinh cao c^p, khdng ddng nhung hpa ti& trang tri clu ky, khdng cd cdc dich vy ti$n Ich xa xl nhu ho boi, sSn tennis
Ttiii hai, nd cd di§n tfch nhd hon so vol cdc can hd cao c^p, nhlSu trudng hpp vdi ba cdn hO sCr dyng Chung mdt nhd b€p vd nhd v0 sinh
Jhir ba, nd dupe Chinh phO gidm hogc mi§n mdt sd cdc lo^i thug cho chfl d^u tu nhuttiul dat Ngodi Chinh phu cdn h8 trgtdi chfnh thdng qua vi$c can thidp d^ dupe vay ngan hdng vdi lai su^t thap, h5 trg mdt phan tiSn d^n bCi gidi tda (n^u cd), h5 trp mdt phan tdi chlnh thdng gya vific can thi§p dupe gidm gid vdtii$u xdy dyng
ThCr tu, ngudi mua dupe gidm gia I can hd cd chi b^ng gid thdnh can hd I vdtrd din - nam khdng tfnh ~ lai hodc lai suSt r l t thip 06 nhd diu tu -S khdng bithietthdi, chfnh phO thudng uu % tien cho hp mdt sd cdng frinh khdc cd z Ipi nhuan cao hon 6i bCi d i p vdo
Ngudi mua cd th^ cd quy^n sd hOu theo luat d|nh mdt sd nude nhu Hdn Qudc, duQc nhi£u uu ddi nfin khdng dupe ty mua bdn, sang nhupng Khi mudn bdn, phdi bdn l^i cho qu^ nhd cOa chinh phO theo gid thda thudn d^ ca quan qudn ly nhd dl^u tiSt cho ngudi khdc
N h d f r g l d r ^
Nhd d gid r6 Id mdt loai hlnh nhd d thuong mgi dupe luu thdng ty trfin thj trudng nhu cdc nhd d gid cao hay gid trung binh, tCrc Id vl$c mua bdn hay cho thyg khdng phdi chiu nhang rdng budc ddc thO gi theo co ch6 "xirreho" Ngudi mua, k^ cd ngudi thu nh^p thdp, hg cd dii tlfin thi cd thg chpn mua cdn hd thich hpp tgi khu vyc hp mudn, ndi cdch khdc Id quy^n Ipi vd nhSn ph^m ci3a hp dupe tdn trpng
D^ cd dupe gid r6 thi cSn hd chi ndn cd di0n t'ch vdo khodng - m^ di3 ddp ling nhu cau d cho hd gia dinh cd - ngudi, ti>c Id mdi ngudi d khoang 10-12 m^ Ngodi cong n6n cd cd logi can hO - m^ cho ngudi dOc than hay mdi Idp gia dinh Chlnh quyfin thay vi quy djnh di§n t'ch tdi thi^u cOa cdn hp, chf n6n quy dinh di$n tfch dtdi thl^u hpp v$ sinh tinh theo diu ngudi t9i tCmg giai dogn phdt tri^n cOa dja phucmg, ch^ng h^n hi0n cd th€ Id 7,5 m^ cho mSi cdng nhdn don thdn d trp vd m^ cho m5i ngudi hd gia dinh Gidi hgn dd ddn din s6 dupe ndng I6n kinh tg phdt tri^n hon
Ngodi v5n d^ di^n tich thi cdn cd mOt sd ySu td khdc tdc ddng d^n gid nhd, nhu sd ting khdng nhi^u (khodng - ting) ndn khdng cdn thang mdy vd n^n mdng cOng khdng philc tgp; dp dung cdng ngh§ xdy dyng tifen ti^n, si> dyng vat lieu hodn thien vd trang bi di$n nude don giin; d i t chlnh quy^n cap vdi gid khuygn khich Cdn hO gid r6 khdc cdn hd can hd cao cdp ve ki^n triic cdn hd, ve vgt li$u hodn thi$n vd trang thigt b| b&n trong, cdn ki^n true bdn ngodi cua Chung cu vdn phdi d^p d^ ddm bdo my quanddthi
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Nli.'i xa hoi (iLjpc nf'U tiong lu3l "lai liiCn nha : hOi duoc Nh,"! nu6c khuy6i khlch nhu m i f n tiCn su dgng da'l, li^n Ihufi d.ll, cluoc miE^n g\^m cSc khoan thui? lien lupng duoc Ihuc nha \t nhlrng ngudi Ihu nh^p lh.1i> IhuOc dien c i n ho, cong chiic, v i t n chile, sr quan
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