T rong nhiing nfim qua, Dang, Nhk nude vk nhan dfin ta dfi dknh su quan tfim 16n cho diu tu phfit triSci hg thing kit d u ha ting ldnh t^ xfi hdi. Nhb dd, hg t h ^ kit dii ha ting n[r]
(1)NhCTng van de xd hoi
Phat trien t^ng thi nhanh va b^n vtrng
• PGS.TS LUU D t r c H A I
Phd Chd tich Hdi Quy hogch phdt triin dd thi Vi$tNam
Trong nhiing nfim qua, Dang, Nhk nude vk nhan dfin ta dfi dknh su quan tfim 16n cho diu tu phfit triSci hg thing kit d u ting ldnh t^ xfi hdi Nhb dd, hg t h ^ kit dii ting ndi ehung vk ting dfi thi nffl rifing dk tung bude phfit triln, dap ung ygu d u xfiy dung vk bao vg To quoc, gdp phin bao dkan tfing truong kinh te nhanh, phat triln d c tinh vue vfin hofi, xa hci, giam nhe thign tai, bk) dam quic phbng, an ninh, nfing cao din sang nhfin dfin, x d ddi, giam ngheo, nit ngan khoang each giua d c vimg, miln Mdt s i d n g trinh Men dai dupe dau tu xfiy dung dat tifiu c h u ^ khu vue va quoc te, gdp phan tao difin mao mdi cho dat niroe Nfing luc dng n^ig va ehfi^ lupng nguin nhfin Iw trgn cac tinh vue xfiy dung, quan Iy va van hanh kit d u tang dupe nang Ien
Tuy nhign, bgn canh nhung k ^ qua tieh etic da dat dupe, kit dii ting dd thi bnuoc ta noi chung vabcac dfi thi len ndi rieng Men dang cbn nMeu han che^ y ^ kem, can sdm 00 giai p h ^ khac phuc Trong bai vilt m^ chi de cfip dm k ^ d u ting 1^ thufit dfi thi, la mdt phin quan trpng he thing kit d u ting ^ thufit vk xfi hdi Men dang d nMlu han chi, d n khac phuc
Thuc t r a i ^ I d t ciCu t l i ^ dd thi or nude ta M ^
Hg^nggiao thdngi^th^-'tyle^sn tieh dsft dknh eho giao thdng dfi thi rit thip (hiu hit dat dudi 10% dfiit xay dung dd thi), thieii he thong bfii xe (dign tfch tai dl xe <1% dfii xfiy dung dd thi) He th6ag giao thdng dng cdng
chua d£^ ung dupe nhu d u eua nguin dfin vk cbn thilii loai phuong tifin giao thdng c&ig o^ig d sue ebb Ion (tku difin nglm, dubng sit trfin cao) Long dubng, via hb bi c h i ^ dung vko nhilu mue dich khfie nhau, kM dd, ty Ig phirong tign d nhfin tfing manh (tai Hk Ndi la 10-15 %^nam) dan din tMh trang un tfic giao thong, tai nan giao thdng xay n ^ g m trgng o cac dd thi Idn (trung Mnh 30-33 ngma c h ^ A i ^ tai nan giao thdng)
Hg tdng c^ nude i^thi.Ty^danca dfi thi dupe c£^ nude qua he thoog cap nude tap tnmg mdi dat 77%, khoang 450/755 dd tM d hfi thcng e£q> nude tap trung, mue six dung nude sach trung binh cho nginri dfin dd thi la 90 tit^igmriAi^y la chua cao T^ le th^ thoat, that thu nude d n Idn, chi giam dupe 1% so vdi nam 2010 (ty le that thoat Irinh qufin 29% nfim 2011) Mat khac chat lugng nude b nhieu dd thi chua tfit nfin khdng the \i6ng tai vbi (nhu mdt so nude trfin the gidi)
Hgt tdng thodt nude dd thi: Lmh vue thoat nude it dupe coi trgng ode thi, mdi cM d 40/755 dd thi ^ hofic dsuig dxlu an thoat nude vk xur ly nude thai dd thi T^nh trang ngap ung tai dd thi cbn dien phi birai, he thraig thoat nude mua va nude thai chuyliila dimg chung l^*" Ig thu gran va xu ly nude thai dd thi chua cao Cac ho, kgnli, muong, sdng n ^ dd thi vdi vai trb dilu hba va thofit nude mua dd thi i ^ miia mua Iti it dugc quan tfim bao vfi (qua trinh dd thi hda oTP Hi CM Minh da dan tdi sir biai mat cua 47 kenh vdi
(2)ting dien tieh 16,4 ha) CM vbng 10 nfim k h a nang chua nude cua hg thong ao h i giam gan 10 Iln l i n h trang d i ^ hda d c kenh, muong, sfing, sum add thi da lam m i t di nhiing eanh quan tMgn nMgn vrai cd cua dd thi TO lam t h u hep Jong chay, dd ciing Ik nguyen nhfin dan den tinh trang ngap lutdd thi vao mua mua lii
Vk qudn l^ ehdt thdi ran dd thi: ^ lg thu gom, vfin chuyai va xuly chat thai rfin dfi thi mdi dat 83% Hien mdi d gan 40/63 tinh, thknh d quy hoach qiian ly chat thai ran dang dupe ^ hofic da dupe phg duyet Viec quan ly chat thai ran dd thi can quan tam nMlu hon d ^ chat thai ran y te va chfit tluu r a n cdng n^riep nguy hai Cac bai chon lap chfi't thid rfin hgp ve sinh tnmg dfi thi cbn it, viec tai che^ tai s u dung chat thai r a n chua diKJC day manh (ty le thu hoi cac c h ^ d kha nfing tai s u dung khoang 20-30%) Phfin loai rae thai tai nguon vfin chua CO chuyin bien Idn, chi mdi tM diem omdt vai dd thi
Hg tdng C£§? diin, vim thdng vd chi^ sdng d6 thi: Cac cM tieu v e c M ^ sang dd thi mdi chi tinh d ^ cac dirong chinh dfi thi NMlu ngd xdm troi^ dd thi khdng du dp sang hoac chua d he t h i n g cMeii sang Vail d l t i l t kiem nang lupng cMlu sang thi chuadupe quan tfim diing miie Mang ludi d p d i a i va d p vien tiidng thi lai d c co quan chuygn ngknh v l dien luc vk buu chmh vien thfing quan ly \^ the d s u phfin d p ehua ro ikng giiia chinh quyen dd thi va CO quan c[uan ly n h a nude
chuygn nganh lmh vue liay Tiiih t r a i ^ treo cfip viln thdng Ign eae efit difin mdt each tiiy tign, lam anh hirong drai my quan vk an toan dien dfi thi Dfiy ciiiig la mdt ndi dung ching cheo quan ly dd thi Hg tdng cdng van, cdy xanh dd thu CM tifiu dien tich efiy xanh trung binh theo bao d o eua mfit so dia phuong dfi g i n dap ung dupe cM tifiu m2 efiy xanh/ngmn, ting vdi mli loai dd thi Trudc dfiy, linh vue nky it dupe quan tfim, thubng chi dupe nfiu eac an quy hoach ddthimkit dupe nhlc d m tinh vue quan ly vk phfit tri4i dd t h i Gan day, chmh quyen thi da quan tam nMlu hon d ^ nfii dung nay, nMen can bd quan Iy efiy xanh dd thi tir d p Trung uong d a i dia phuong d n thigii ngtroi d chuyen mdn sau, dupe dko tao diing ehuyen nffinh ve ITnh vue nky
Hg tdng an tdng vd nghld (Tun^ tfti: Nglua trang tai eac dfi thi Idn dang ngky ckng qua tid Hinh thue tang eac dd thi ehuyeii van la dia tfing, bao gom tfing, d t tang, chdn CE^ mfit lan khdng d i tang Hinh thiic tmi kka d i t xfiy dung dd thi Hinh thiK hba tfing, dien tang (cM chian k h d n g 10-15% tai Hk Ndi va TP Ho CM Minh) d uu diem la it gay d nMem den mdi trubng, tilt Idem d i t xay dung dd thi nhung lai chua bien tap quan tang eua ngubi dan Nha tang l l ehua dupe xem la mfit d n g trinh quan trpng dfi thi Vi the •ttulu nhk tang le chmh quyen dfi thi quan Iy la Men tuong cbn phibiaianiidc ta Tir dd d i n d ^ to ehiic t a i ^ le tai
NhuTng van de xd hoi nhk a nMeu dd thi, anh huong d ^ mdi tnibng sing
Han chi, ylu kem cua he t h ^ g t i n g dd thi neu tren d d nguy gn nhfin khach quan vk chu quan, dd nguygn nhfin chu quan la chu y ^ Cu thelk: Tu v l phat triln kit d u ting dfi thi cham doi moi, ehua phii hgp vdi co c h i thi trubng; hfi thing phap lufit tMlu ding bfi, eac van ban phap quy v l t i n g 1^ thufit mdi a mue N ^ dinh, ehua dupe nfing Ifin Luat ( N ^ dinh 117/2007/ND-CP v l d p nude, Nghi dinh B8/2007/ND-CP v l thofit nude, Nghi dinh 59/2007/ND-CP ve chat thai rfin, Nghi dinh 7a2009/J«)-CP vecMeii sfing ); nMeu q i ^ dinh ehua phii hpp; phan d p manh, nhung tMlu co che giam sat va cpaan Iy d Meu qua; quan ly xfiy dung dfi thi theo quy hoach dm chua tuong xiing, tMlu tinh ding bp, bao quat, ket nli vk tam nhm dm ban; Lufit Quy hoach dd thi yeu d u phai d cac quy hoach diuyen nganh (giao thdng, cfip thoat nude, dial thai ran, efiy xanh ), soi^, thuc t l , cfic quy hoach chuyen n ^ m h v l d c loai tang 1^ thuat chua dupe %) Mp thbi sau kM quy hoach chung dupe phg duygt; Chinh quyln d c dia phuong chua xfiy dung Chuong trinh phfit trien thi cho hg thing dd thi eua tinh, huyen, ciing n h u cua timg dd thi (theo quy dinh tai Nghi dinh 42^009/ND-CP ye phan loai dd thi), d i n tdi phfin b l nguin luc dan trai, thilu dong bp, ehua d ke hoach phfin bo vrai trung vk dai han de toi uu hda nguon luc, tap trung vao eac cdng trinh
(3)NhCTng vd'n de xd hoi trpng dilm tMit ylu, d c edng trinh ting d n ylu vk ebn tMlu; dng tae qmin 1^ nhk nude ve ting dd tM cbn nMlu bit dp, dfic bigt Ik vl tl chiic bfi may vk bo tri du can bfi d nfing luc bd may; nguin luc diu tu vSn chu ylu dua vko ngfin sfich nhk nude, ehua huy ddng dupe nMoi nguin lye ngoki nhk nude, ehua tao dupe au ung hfi manh mg vk cMa se trach nMfim cua tokn dfin; ehua d ca chi, chinh sach tMch hpp dl huy dfing tiim nfing vk ngudn luc, nhit lk dit dai eho diu tu phat trien kit d u hating
Gifii phfip phfit tri&a ting dd thi theo h u d i ^ "^«nh, b ^ vdng giai ^>antdi
N ^ quylt so 13-NQTW Hdi n ^ iln thu tu Ban Chl^ hanh Trung uong Dang khda XI ve Xfiy dung he thong kit d u tang ding bd nhfim dua niroc ta CO ban trb thknh nude dng n^iiep theo hudng Men dai vao nam 2020 da duara quan diem, mue tieu, dinh hudng va eae giai phfip phfit trien hg thing ting ding bfi Trong dd, dfit dinh hudng Idn dl phfit trien ting dd thi nhanh va bin viing thbi ^an tdi
Dl khfie phuc dugc nhiing han ch^ yai kem vl co»xha ting ky thufit dfi thi neu tren va dat dupe nhiing dinh hudng TC& Nghi quyk 13-NQTW dfit can phai thuc Men d ^ b f i nhilu giai p h ^ cap bach, dd d nhdm giai ph£^ Idn dlphattri^ he thmig ket d u tang
Sau dfiy Ik nhung viec cin lam d l cu the hda nhdm giai phap Idn tai NgM quyg't 13-NQ/rW:
M0t Id, ndng cao ch^ lugng xdy difng vd thipe hi$n quy hogch phdt triin kit cdu hg, tdng
- Rk sofit, dieu ehinh, bo sung, hokn tMgn thi chi ciing nhu quy hoach phat triln kit clu ting dd thi cua d c dia phuong dl nfing eao chit lugng quy hoach nhfim dam bao tfnh kit nS dIngbO, dfip ting ygu d u dng n ^ g p hda, Mdn dai hda
- Tiln hknh Ifip d c quy hoach chuygn ngknh vl d c loai ting I^ thufit (giao thfing, d p thofit nude, chit thai rIn, efiy xanh ) theo ygu d u cua Lufit Quy hoach dfi thi sau kM quy hoach chung dupe phg duygt
- Tfing ciibng dng tac quan Iy nhk nude vl quy hoach dd thi vk quy hoach chuygn nganh ting ky thuat dfi thi, de eao trach nMem eua ngiroi diing diu xfiy dung va to chiie thuc Mgn quy hoach, bao dam Meu qua va tinh kha thi Coi trpng edng tae ^am sat, kiSn tra, tra viec thuc Mm xfiy dung theo quy hoach
- NMn nhfin lai each tilp cfin cfich Ikm qi^ hoach dd thi ndi ehung va quy hoach ehuyfin ngknh thoat nude ndi rifing theo hudng d& phd vdi nhiing ylii t l khdng chic chfin dieu kifin bilii doi kM hfiu vk nude bien dfing Vigc giai quyet vfiii dl nky thdng qua quy hoach dfi thi phai dupe n^fin eiiu tirbki toan quy hoach tang thi cho d ^ thilt kl cM tilt cho twng khu dfi thi, timg dng trinh theo hudng ti^ cfin mem deo, tfin trgng tur nMfin, cfin bfing giua bao vg -tMch n ^ - nit lui phii hpp voi dac diSn timg khu vue cti the Thay vige dging giam tan SU&
rui ro bfing viee tMch ngM voi rui ro va giam tMet hai Quan tfim nMeu hon din quy hoadi san nen, thoat nude mua, khac phuc tinh trang ngap lut dfi thi HcU Id, thu hiit mgnh vd sd dungcdhi$uqudcdcngudnv6n ddu tuphdt triin hi thing kit cduhgitdng
• Thu hiit manh vk sudung d Mfiu qua nguin vin ODA Diy manh vfin ddng cac da tac, cac nhk tki trg ti^ tuc cung c ^ ODA de phat triSi kit d u ting dd thi, nh^t lk eac cdng trinh Idn Uii tifin bitri v ^ dra ling ^^ thao g&khd khfin dl d^ nhanh ti^ dp giai ngfin, hokn thknh eac duan
- Tang eubng thU hut cac thknh phin kinh te, kl d cfic nhk dau tu nude ngoai tham gia diu tu phat triln k ^ d u ting dfi thi, bao cUun Ipi ieh thd dang cua nha dau ttr Moidng hinh thiic Nha nude vk nhan dfin cimg lam Doi mdi, tfing eubng dng tac xiic tiln diu tu nude ngoai; d eoeh^ diinh sad phii hpp de thu hut dau tuvko cac lmh vue k ^ d i i ting Hoan tMen co chl^ chMh sach khuy^ kMch diu tu theo cac hinh thuc PPP, BT, BGT
- Sua d&, bo sung d c quy dinh ve chinh sach ho trg tai chinh, thul, gia, pM, Ifi pM, nhugi^ quyln dl tang t&ih thuong mai cua dir an vk su ddng gdp cua ngubi sudung
- Hoan tMen oochlphan dp dau tu^ phfin bo nguin v6n de vita phat huy tinh chu ddng, sfing tao, dl eao trach nMon eua chinh quyln dia phirong dc d p , viia bao dam su quan ly thing nhat ciia Tmng uor^, dong thbi tfing eubng gifim sfit
(4)kiem tra, t r a va x u ly n ^ g m d c hanh vi vi pham
- Dm mdi co ehe, ehinh sfich de huy ddng manh nguon lue dit dai vko phat triln tang Thdng qua chinh sach khai thac dia td chenh lech xfiy dung cfing trinh dem lai, chinh sfich phit hpp thu hoi dat d l tao vrai hS trg cho xfiy dung d n g trinh ting Thue Men dau gia qu^en sudung d i t d d vdi cac d u an kiiih doanh
Ba Id, ndng cao hiiu luc, hi$u qud qudn IS nhd nude vk diu tuk^ edu hg tdng
- NMeu vfin ban ducd Lufit ve quan ly tang ky thufit dd thi d u a dupe Luat hda n h u giao thong, d p nude, thoat nude mua, t h d t nude thai, chat thai ran, cMlu sang, cong trinh ngam can phai luat hda va dua vko Luat Dd thi Soan thao, ban hanh Lufit Dd thi, dd can 00 cac ndi dung quy dinh v l tang ky thuat dd thi
- Xfiy dung dong bfi, dong thbi giiia Lufit Dd thi va Lufit Thu dd hoi Thu dd ciing la dd thi, dd luu y phan ndi dung quy dinh ve h a tang ky thufit dfi thi
- Sua dS, b i s u n g , ban hanh mdi cae nghi dinh, thdng t u quy dinh, hudng d i n edng tfic quan lyxfiy dung dd thi theo hudng tao ca ehlthmn dinh dpc l£^, t£^ hung, mdt dau moi chiu trach nMem
- Sua doi, bo sung, hoan thign cac quy dinh cua phap lufit vl thu h i i dat, den bu, giai phdng mat bang phuc vu xfiy (Jung ket d u tang ky thuat thi theo hudng n i t ngan thbi ^an, tao dieu kien thufin led hon ch^fiy d m ^ eac d n g trinh k i t
c l u h a tang, dfic biet la d n g trtnh t r p i ^ dian
- Phat trien nguon nhan luc lam cfing tae quan ly, xfiy dung, van hknh, khai thac eac cfing trinh k i t eau tang ky t h u a t dd thi Nfing cao nfing luc eua d e co quan, don vi nhk nude, dfic biet lk cfic tfip dokn, doanh ngMgp nhk nude, bao dam thuc Mgn td't chiic nfing chu d i u tu, ehu so huu nhk nude doi vdi cfic dur fin ket d u h a tang ky thufit thi
- tJhg dung hg thing thdng tin dia ly (GIS) vk phuong phap quan ly Men dai viec to chiie xfiy dung, khai thac va quan ly cac cdng trtnh k i t d u tang dfi thi
- Lam tot cfing tfic tuyen tmyen, van ddng, tao su dong thufin xa hdi d l mpi ngiibi dan ung hd va cMa se trach nMem vdi Nhk nude dau t u p h a t t r i ^ k ^ d u t i n g dd thi cua dl^ nude
- Tilp tuc xfiy dung, phfit trirai cac loai phuong tien giao thdng edng cpng d siic d i o Ion dong bd giiia cae t u y a i diibng, ea ve d n g nghfi vk ky^ thufit Nfing cao ty lg dien tich dat danh cho dd thi vk dien tich de bo tri bai xe dd thi Doi mdi quan di«n ve quy hoach: uu tign giai quylt vail de cho de xe, ban che dan va cana ban viee s u dung long - l l dmmg sai ehiic nfing Dli vdi loai hinh xe cfing d n g khu vue han chlphfit trien khuyrai kMch ap dungmd hinh dilm cS xe nMeu tang vk san xe kieu eo gidi hda (dimg thang may)
- Tfing ciibng cac giai phfip d n g nghe cac dur an d p nude, nfing cao dieh vu vk mue
NhChig van de xa hoi dp phuc vu cfip nude eho ngiroi dan dd thi Giam bdt ty le that thoat, that thu cac du an d p nude dd thi Cfic nguygn tac thoat nude sinh thai can dupe ap dung vko tMet k l d i ^ trinh k i ^ true, canh quan nhfim tang dign tich dilu tilt nude thay vi eac giai phfip bom sach, rut nhanh n h u Men Han ch^ ti^ tdi ngimg viec cho phep cac dur an d n g hda kenh muoi^ t r o i ^ dd thi
- Khuyen kMch cac du an tai chi, tai s u dung chat thai ran, phfin loai ehfi't thai ran tai nguon
- Tang ciibng cfic duan cMlu sang dd thi a d c 1^6, xdm Su dung cfic loai den coi^ sua^ thfip, Meu qpk anh sang cao t r o i ^ CMIU sfing dd thi Tang eubng Mlm tra an toan dien trdn eae tuyai dign, cdt difin lue, buu chmh, viin thdng Tiep tuc nglm cfic tuyai dien luc, d p thdng tin thi
- Tang eubr^ xay dung nghia t r a i ^ d n g vifin dd thi Xfiy dung cae du an dien t a i ^ , hba tang nham tiet Mem dat xay dung ngMa trang thi Xfiy dung nha t a i ^ le tai cae dd thi de thay dm tap quan tang odd thi
NgM quylt 13-NQmV ve xay dung hg thing k i t d u tang dong bfi nham dua nuoc ta eo ban t i o thknh nude d n g nghiep theo hirong Men dai vao nam 2020 ban hanh kip thbi, chae ehan se gdp p h i n rat Ion thiic d ^ s u phfit trien dong bfi, nhanh va ben viing cua he thong k i t d u tang dd thi, gdp p h i n lam cho qua trinh cdng n ^ g p hda va dd ttu h d o nude t a ckng thgm khoi sac J