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Cdc ngdn hdng khdc nhu: Ngdn hdng thuong mai cd phdn A Chdu (ACB), Ngdn hdng thuang mai cd phdn Qude te (VIB)... 85% cdc giao djch cua he thdng NHTMVN vdi khach hang dugc thuc hie[r]
(1)TAI CHiNH DOANH NGHIEP ( So 1(66)-2009 )
DICH VU N G A N H A N G B A N LE
tai cac Ngan hang Thifcfng mai Viet Nam hien Ths Huynh Thj Hu'ang Thao .::-• Dai hoc Ton Ddc Thing
"W^hat triin dich vu ngdn hdng bdn le dd vd dang la xu hu&ng chung khong chi cua nhieu ngdn M^hdng trin thi gi&l md cd cda cdc td chirc tdi chinh phi ngdn hdng b&i chinh lal ich kinh te - xd M hpi cdng nhu khd ndng thi tru&ng, nh u cdu cda thi tru&ng ve cdc sdn phdm dich vu ngan hdng bdn le Men Trong bdi cdnh nin kinh ti Viet Nam Hin tuc tdng tru&ng khd nhanh, kinh ti vimo duac tri dn dlnh vd d&l sdng vgt chdt tinh thdn cda nhdn ddn khong ngirng duac cdi thien, thi tru&ng dieh vu ngdn hdng bdn le da co nh irng bu&c phdt triin mgnh me vd hogt dpng khd sol dpng
Djch vu ngdn hang bdn le thuong mai (NHTM) Viet Nam ban, mang ludi dugc md rdng, (NHBL) Id viec cung img san
phdm, djch vu ngdn hang tdi tirng cd nhdn rieng le, cac doanh nghiep viia va nhd thdng qua mang ludi chi nhanh, hoac la viec khdch hdng cd the tiep can true tiep vdi sdn pham, djch vu ngdn hang thdng qua cac phuang tien cdng nghe thdng tin, dien tii' vien thdng
Vi the, tinh chat vd mirc canh tranh ITnh vuc cung phdn dnh tinh hinh canh tranh ndi chung ITnh vuc NHBL dVietNam , c : v ,,
Thj phan huy ddng vdn ciia cdc NHTM cd phdn tdng len, nguyen nhdn mdt phdn la sd lugng cac NHTM cd phdn cang tdng qua cdc nam, Thj phan cho vay va huy dong von cua cac khoi NHTM qua cac nam
Khdi ngan hdng
Kh6i NHTM nha nu'ac Kh6l NHTM c6 phin Kh6i NH c6 v6n diu tu" nu'O'c ngoai TSng cong
Thj phin (%) Huy dong v6n
2005
48,49
33,92
17,59
100
2006
43,49
38,13
18,38
100
2007
35,09
46,90
18,01
100
Cho vay
2005
38,5
33,97
27,53
100
2006
35,5
37,77
26,73
100
2007
32,17
45,93
21,90
100
Thyc trang
+ Ve linh vuc huy dong von va cho vay: ddy van la nhung djch vu chilm tdi hon 70%) doanh thu ciia cdc ngdn hang
(Nguon: www.vietnamnel.vn)
cdc NHTM nha nudc cung ddn chuyen sang md hinh cd phdn hda Ben canh dd, lai sudt va chinh sach khuyen mai cua cac NHTM cd phdn cung hdp dan
boat ddng quang bd thuong hieu trien khai hieu qua ddc biet Id ldng tin cua khach hang ddi vdi cac NHTM cd phdn cung ngdy cang tdng len Ty trgng ngudn vdn huy ddng ciia cdc ngan hang tir ddn cu da tang len dang ke chiem tdi 35-40%) tdng ngudn vdn huy ddng Cac hinh thirc huy ddng dugc da dang hda, linh boat ban nhu tiet kiem lai sudt bac thang, tiet kiem du thudng, tiet kiem rut Iai va gdc linh boat, tiet kiem ket hgp bdo h iem
Ciing vdi lgi the ndi tren thi nguyen nhdn lam cho thj phdn tin dung ciia cac NHTM cd phdn tdng manh dd Id sir nang dgng tim kiem khach hang, ddc biet la cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd, Iinh boat cho vay, da dang boat ddng tin dung tieu diing, ddi mdi quan trj dieu hdnh tin dung Id nhung nguyen nhdn quan trgng lam cho thj phdn cho vay ciia khdi ngdn hang tdng vting chdc
+ Ve ITnh vuc cung irng djch vu toan: Ti trgng tien mat tdng phuang tien
(2)( So 1(66)-2009 ) TAI CHfNH DOANH NGHIEP
todn da gidm tu- 18,13%) ndm 2005 xudng cdn 15%) vdo cudi nam 2007, nhieu phuong tien todn va djch vu todn hien dai da ddi tren ca sd img dung cdng nghe thdng tin Giao djch todn da chuyen ddn tir phuang thirc thii cdng (chimg tu-gidy) sang phuang thirc xir Iy ban tu ddng sii- dung chirng tu' dien tir Tu- nam 2002, viec ii-ng dung cdng nghe vd ddu tu trang
Ung dung cdng ngh
N H T M V N , dan dau la NHTMCP Ngoai thuang Viet Nam va NHTMCP Ddng A Cdc ngdn hdng khdc nhu: Ngdn hdng thuong mai cd phdn A Chdu (ACB), Ngdn hdng thuang mai cd phdn Qude te (VIB) du bdo cung cd doanh sd chi trd kieu hdi dat kha, tir 200 trieu USD din 600 trieu USD/ndm tdc tang 40%o-50%) so vdi nam trudc
e hien dai
NhOng Crng dung NH hien dai
* NH da ap dung giai phap Core Banl<ing - Lu'O'ng giao dich trtcctuy^n/ngay
"Tham gia toan qu6ct§
"Trien khai Internet Banking
"Tham gia toan di^ntLP lien NH - So lu'ong toan/ngay
2004
8 1,5-2 trieu
42
3
54/200 9-15.000
2007
12 - , trieu
42
17
73/305 25 000-30.000
(Nguon: Tap
thiet bj tdng ve djch vu toan qua ngdn hang phdt trien manh Den nay, 25 NHTM da trang bj gdn 5.000 may ATM vd tren 25.700 mdy quet the, mang ludi dan vj chdp nhdn the ngdn hang tang nhanh
+ Ve ITnh vyc the: Trong he thdng NH hien da cd hon 30 NH trien khai phat hdnh the, vdi khoang 130 thuang hieu the khac nhau, dd 54%o Id thuong hieu the ndi dja Theo ngudn tdi chinh sir dung the thi 59%) la cdc thuang hieu the ghi ng, 39%) la cdc thuang hieu the tin dung vd 2%) la thuong hieu the trd trudc
+ Ve chi tra kieu hdi: Djch vu chuyen tien kieu hdi dang dugc phdt trien manh tai cac
chi cong nghf ngdn hang so 19 ihdng 10/2007)
+ Ve irng dung cong nghe thong tin: hien da cd ban
80%) cac nghiep vu NH 85% cdc giao djch cua he thdng NHTMVN vdi khach hang dugc thuc hien bang may tinh vd cac thiet bj CNTT hien dai Trong ITnh vuc boat ddng bdn le, cdng nghe la chia khda then chdt de dua cdc djch vu ban Ie den vdi cdng chiing nhanh nhdt Hien hdu bet cdc NHTMVN da xdy dung phdn mem NHBL dua tren nen tdng thiet ke ciia My va dugc cdng ty Silverlake Snd.Bhd ciia Malaysia cung cdp, xay dung tren nguyen tdc cung img djch vu NH phu hgp vdi thdng le va tieu chudn qude te Vdi he thdng da tao nhieu giao dien rdt tien ich, khach hang cd thl rut tien nhieu nai, tai
khodn cua khdch hang dugc ndi mang tren todn he thdng Ddc biet, vdi sir hd trg ciia he thdng NHBL cung vdi viec ddi ciia he thdng chuyen tien dien tir ciia NH nhd nudc da tao dieu kien nen tang cho viec loan khdng dung tien mat va la chia khda dua cdc san pham ban le den tay ngudi tieu dung Cdc NHTMVN da day manh viec dua san phdm the den vdi thj trudng Hien da cd khodng 56 thuong hieu the tren thj trudng, 17 NH phat hanh vd tren 20 NH dai ly todn the
Co hoi va thach thirc ciia
cac Ngan hang thirong mai Viet Nam viec thuc hien dich vu ngan hang ban le
Cahpi
Viet Nam gia nhdp WTO se mang lai nhieu ca hdi cho ITnh vuc tdi chinh ngdn hang ndi chung vd ITnh vuc NHBL ndi rieng
- Tiem nang thi trudng djch vu NHBL d nudc ta cdn rdt Idn Tinh binh qudn ban nam qua, cac NHTM d nudc ta cd tdc tang trudng cac chi tieu kinh doanh chii yeu dat tren 30%)/nam
- Hdi nhdp kinh te qude te giiip cdc NHTMVN hgc hdi dugc nhieu kinh nghiem boat ddng ngdn hang ciia cac ngdn hdng nudc ngoai, cd dieu kien tranh thii vdn, cdng nghe va ddo tao ddi ngu can bd, phat huy lgi the so sanh ciia minh de theo kip yeu cdu canh tranh qude te vd md rdng thj trudng nudc ngoai
(3)TAI CHI'NH DOANH NGHIEP ( So 1(66)-2009 )
- Hdi nhdp qude te cho phep cdc ngdn hang nudc ngodi tham gia tdt ca cac djch vu ngdn hdng tai Viet Nam budc cdc NHTMVN phdi chuyen mdn hod sdu ban ve nghiep vu ngdn hdng, qudn trj ngan hdng ndng cao hieu qua su dung ngudn vdn, djch vu ngdn hang va phdt trien cdc djch vu ngdn hdng mdi md cdc ngdn hang nudc ngodi du-kien se dp dung d Viet Nam
Thach thirc
Ben canh nhQ-ng ca hdi cd dugc thi cac NHTMVN phdi chju khdng it thdch thirc:
- Se cd sir canh tranh gay gat gitfa cdc NH nudc ngoai vdi cac NHTM nudc ddi vdi nhung phdn khuc thj trudng trgng yeu, cd nhieu trien vgng phdt trien vi du nhu: djch vu mdi gidi chirng khoan, kinh doanh chirng khoan, bdo lanh phat hanh chirng khodn, ddu tu tren thj trudng chimg khodn vd mdt sd cdc djch vu khdc Phdn khiic thir hai md cac nha ddu tu nudc ngoai danh gid rdt cao la thj trudng tin dung tieu dimg
- Ngoai ra, md cua thj trudng tdi chinh ngdn hdng khdng chi budc cdc ngan hang nudc canh tranh thj trudng vdi cac ngdn hdng nudc ngodi md cdn phdi canh tranh thj trudng vdi cdc djnh che tai chinh phi ngdn hang Nhieu quy ddu tu, cdng ty bdo hiem, cdng ty tdi chinh nudc ngodi se canh tranh thj trudng manh vdi ngdn hdng ve cac boat ddng huy ddng vdn cung nhu ddu tu
- Them vdo dd, vdi viec md
cira thj trudng tai chinh, cac NH nudc phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu riii ro thj trudng Chang ban riii ro ve gid, ty gia vd Iai sudt vd cac riii ro he thdng, bat ngudn tu' sir lan truyen ciia cdc cudc khung hodng, cac cii sdc kinh te tdi chinh khu vuc vd tren the gidi Khi cd bdt cir mdt bien ddng tdi chinh nao thi nhQng ngdn hang quy md nhd de bj tdn thuang nhdt
Loi the canh tranh ciia ngan hang thuong mai Viet Nam ITnh vyc ngan hang ban le
Hien nay, cac NHTM Viet Nam dang cd Igi the hon so vdi cdc NHTM nudc ngodi d thj trudng nudc ve mang ludi chi nhanh, ve thj phdn, ve sir thdng hieu mdi trudng kinh doanh, tap quan tieu dung nudc Tuy nhien, nhQ-ng Igi the (ngodi su am hieu ve mdi tru'dng kinh doanh va tap quan tieu diing nudc) cd dugc nhd mdt phdn dua vao chinh sach bdo hd ciia nhd nudc thdng qua nhu-ng cdng cu ban chi boat ddng ciia cdc ngdn hang nudc ngodi Chinh vi vdy, nhung lgi the ve mat ddi ban se bj mat di da gia nhdp WTO va dd se ldm yeu di ndng lire canh tranh ciia cac ngdn hang Viet Nam tai thj trudng nudc Bdn thdn su am hieu mdi trudng kinh doanh, luat phdp vd tap qudn tieu dimg la mdt lgi thl quan trgng song cdc ngan hang nudc ngodi cd thl khdc phue dugc thdng qua viec tuyin dung nhQ'ng ngudi qudn ly Viet Nam Vi the, cd the thdy rdng, nhQ-ng
Igi the hien ciia cdc ngdn hang thuang mai Viet Nam chi mang tinh tam thdi vd rdt de mdt di neu cac ngdn hang Viet Nam khdng cd bien phdp de ddi mdi chuyen hda nhung Igi the thdnh nhQng lgi the cao cdp ban khd bj bat chudc bode bj mdt di
Mgt so giai phap
Cac gidi phdp sau ddy khdng trdi rdng cho tdt cd cdc vdn de cd lien quan den djch vu ngdn hang ban Ie ma chi tap trung vdo mgt sd khia canh chii yeu nhu:
Thir nhat, Da dang kenh
phan phdi va thuc hien phdn phdi hieu qud
Thanh cdng kinh doanh djch vu NHBL dugc quyet djnh bdi mang ludi cdc kenh phdn phdi, kha nang tiep can djch vu cho khdch hang tai mgi luc va mgi nai qua mgi each Viec phat trien da dang hda cdc phuang tien, kenh phdn phdi sdn phdm djch vu se la yeu td tao nen sir khac biet giu-a ngudi chien thdng vd ke that bai cudc canh tranh ve djch vu ngdn hang ban
le tucmg lai
Hien nay, ben canh viec tri va md rdng cac kenh phdn phdi truyen thdng nhu cac chi nhanh, cac phdng giao djch thi cac NHTMVN cdn thilt phai nghien ciru phdt trien va dua vao img dung cac kenh phdn phdi hien dai, hieu qua, dap img nhu cdu giao djch d mgi nai, mgi liic va mgi phuang tien phd dung nhu: tdng cudng hieu qua ciia he thdng tu phue vu (self services)-he thdng ATM, ngdn hdng qua may tinh (Personal Computer
(4)( Sd 1(66)-2009 )
TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP Banking/ Home Banking), ngdn
hang qua dien thoai (Telephone Banking) Ben canh dd, cdc NHTM cdn md rdng kenh phdn phdi qua cdc "dai ly" nhu dai ly chi tra kieu hdi, dai ly phat hanh the ATM tren nguyen tac cac
dai ly dugc hudng mdt
khodn phi va tudn thii cdc thda thudn ciia hai ben
Thir hai Da dang hda cdc san
phdm, djch vu
Da dang hda sdn phdm dugc xac djnh la diem manh, la mui nhgn de phdt trien djch vu ngan hang ca nhdn, cdn tap trung vao cdc sdn phdm cd ham lugng cdng nghe cao, cd ddc diem ndi trdi so vdi cdc sdn phdm tren thj trudng nham tao sir khdc biet canh tranh Kha ndng cung cdp dugc nhieu san phdm ban dd bao gdm nhieu sdn phdm mdi thdng qua sir da dang ciia cdc kenh phdn phdi se giiip ngdn hang sii' dung tdi uu nhQng thudn Igi ma cudc each mang ITnh vuc djch vu ngdn hang ban le mang lai tai cac thj trudng mdi ndi nhu VN Cac NHTMVN cdn hoan thien cdc sdn phdm, djch vu hien cd, nghien ciru vd dua cac sdn phdm, djch vu mdi tien ich dap irng nhu cdu ciia ddng ddo khdch hang nhu; phat trien tin dung tieu dung, phdt trien cdc san phdm, djch vu todn khdng dung tien mat, phat trien cac sdn pham djch vu khac: trien khai ke hoach thu hilt ngudn tien kieu hdi: day manh huy ddng vdn qua tai khodn tiet kiem, trien khai cac djch vu khac nhu quan ly tai san, iiy thdc ddu tu, tu vdn ddu tu, dichvu baohiem
Thir ba Tang cudng cdng tac
marketing
Do ddi tugng phue vu ciia cac djch vu ngdn hang ban le da phdn la cac ca nhdn nen cdng tac marketing, quang ba cac san phdm djch vu ddng vai trd cue ky quan trgng Theo khuyen cao ciia cac ngan hang tren the gidi, hoat ddng marketing ddng gdp 20% vdo tdng lgi nhuan ngan hang ban le Vi vay cac NHTMVN can cai tien marketing ban le cang sdm cang tdt
- Tang cudng chuyen tai thdng tin tdi da sd cdng chiing nhdm giiip khach hdng cd dugc cdc thdng tin cap nhdt, nhdt quan, cd dugc su hieu biet ca bdn ve cac djch vu ban le ciia ngdn hdng va nam dugc each thiic sii' dung, lgi ich ciia cac sdn pham ngan hang thdng qua cac kenh thdng tin dai chiing nhu: dai phat thanh, truyen hinh, bao chi (bao dien tii', cac trang web), cac dn phdm nhu bao, tap chi; marketing true tiep qua thu, dien thoai ; cdc quang cao ngoai trdi
- Ngoai ngdn hang nen thu'dng xuyen cung cdp cdc thdng tin ve khd ndng tdi chinh, bao cdo kiem toan ciia ngdn hang qua cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing de mgi ngudi cd the tim hieu ve ndng lire tdi chinh va ket qua kinh doanh ciia ngdn hang, tir dd tao cho xhach hang mdt each nhin tdng quat ve ngan hang, tang ldng tin ciia khach hang
Trong bdi cdnh hgi nhap qude te hien nay, neu cac Ngan hang
thuang mai khdng tim cdch phdt trien djch vu ngdn hang ban le thi thj phdn se bj mat di Id dieu tat yeu se xdy bdi sir canh tranh ciia cac ngdn hang lien doanh va chi nhanh ngdn hang nudc ngoai Chinh vi vdy, phat trien djch vu ban le la mdt xu hudng phat trien tat yeu ciia cac ngan hang thuang mai VietNam
Tai lieu tham khao
- TS Dao Quang Ha Thuc trang va xu hucmg phat trien ciia cac NHTM CP truac yeu cau canh tranh va phat trien vung manh Tap chi Ngan hang, so thang 7/2004
- Tap chi cong nghe ngan hang so 18,19,20,21,24,25
- M o t s o w e b s i t e : w vv w V i e t 11 a in 11 e I V n , www.vnexpress.net
It 6o3n sei Mot CO gai den xin viec d trung tam dw bao thdi tiet, ngwdi phu trach nhan sw hoi:
- Co cd dwac dao tao chuyen nganh twang thuy van khong?
- Khong thwa ong, nhwng toi CO nang Iwc dac biet trong ITnh vwcnay
- Co hay neu mot vai vi du? - Chu nhat nao toi cung thing ca ngwa, moi thanQ trung x6 so mot lin
www.vietnamnel.vn) www.vnexpress.net