Tao didu kidn cho bdn cdu nghTa td khi ngudi thu nhdp thdp da ty tfch IQy dupe mdt phdn tidn mua nhd hodc do bdn nhd dang d, tuong duong 20% gid nhd, thi dupe Ngdn hdng chinh sdch ch[r]
(1)^ VAND^OUANTtM
Bai toan tai chinh v^ nha xa hOi IgTSPHAMSUlEM
Phd Chii lich Tdng hOi xay dyng Vifil Nam
06i v6i logi nhS xa hOi daoc xa hCi h6a dSu t u thi v3n dfi then chtft lai IS iSm t h ^ nSo d ^ thu hot duoc su quan tarn cOa cdc nhS kinh doanh b^t dOng sAn 66\ v6i c6c du an phdt tri^n nhd loai nay, vl loi nhu^n kinh doanh duoc dinh mac nhung khGng cao MOt ISn nOa, chia kh6a md cOa phan khOc thi trudng nay vSn Id cOng cu tai chfnh nha d
TAlCHlNH NHA d CHO NGUOI THUNHAPTHUP
Nghj dinh 71/2010 quy djnh nhd d xa hdi cd loai: / loai Nhd nude dIu tu xdy dyng blng vdn ngdn sdch dd cho thud, vd / loai dupe ddu hi xdy dyng blng vdn khdng phli tir ngdn sdch nhd nude dd bdn, cho thud, cho thu& mua Vdy cdu hdi dupe ddt Id loai nhd dxd hdi ddu tu xdy dung bdng vdn ngdn sdch cd gi khdc so vdi loai nhd bao cdp trude 06l mdi, vi ddu Id nhd xdy bang tidn ngdn sdch vd cho ngudi hudng luong nhd nude thud? Cd thd cdc nhd lam chlnh sdch sS ngu cdc ludn chijng vd sy khdc gifJa loai nhd ndy, nhung dya tren thyc tidn phdt tridn nhd a thdi ky trude Ddi mdi, eOng ndn ednh bdo vd cdt bdy "bao cap" md hidn cac dy I n nhd d xd hdi loai ndy rdt d l sa vdo Then chdt cua "xda bao clp" ddt vdi cdc du dn nhu vdy chfnh Id vide si> dung dilng dan cdng cy tdi chfnh nhd d kdt hpp khdo Ido vdi thi trudng bdt ddng sin
Ddi vdi loai nhd d xd hdi dupe xd hdi hda dIu tu thi vdn dd then chdt lai Id Idm thd ndo dd thu hOt dupe sy quan tdm eua cdc nhd kinh doanh b i t ddng sdn ddi vdi cdc dy dn phdt tridn nhd d loai ndy, vi Ipi nhudn kinh doanh duoc djnh muc nhung khdng cao Mdt lln niia, chia khda md cua phdn khOc thi trudng ndy vIn Id cdng cy tdi chlnh nhdd
Cac gili phdp tdi chinh dd thyc hidn chfnh sdch nhd dxa hdi hidn nhldn phli xudt phdt ti:r thyc td Id nhy c l u nhd d xd hdi nude ta dang r I t Idn vd rdt cdp bdch Xin dd xudt cdc gidi phdp sau ddy dd cdc nhd Idm chfnh sdch tham khio: 1 Chfnh sdch nhd if xd hpi chuydn trpng tSm t i i ' tao dieu Icifn cho ben cung sang tao d i l u lci$n
cho bdn cdu
Tao didu kidn cho bdn cdu nghTa td ngudi thu nhdp thdp da ty tfch IQy dupe mdt phdn tidn mua nhd hodc bdn nhd dang d, tuong duong 20% gid nhd, thi dupe Ngdn hdng chinh sdch cho vay thdm dd dO frd tidn mua nhd mdt lln Khodn tidn vay ndy cd Idl sudt thdp, dupe trd din ddi han vd dupe thd chdp blng chfnh nhd mua Khi bdn cdu dd cd di] khd nang todn thi th| trudng s6 vdo cudc theo ca chd cung c l u dd ddp img nhu c l u dd cd vd gid ed, sd lupng vd chdt lupng Ddn ddn ca chd canh tiranh sS vdn hdnh manh md, didu chfnh quan hd cung cdu vd gid ed Tdm lai th| trudng se thyc hidn ehiie ndng ei!ia nd Id huy ddng cd hidu qud tdi nguydn cua xd hOi
Didu kidn dd xem xdt Id ddi tupng ed nhu cdu nhd d xa hdi ndn don gidn, chf Id di$n tfch d binh qudn ddu ngudi hidn tat Id X m' dupe chlnh quydn sd tai xdc nhdn Sd X m^ cdp tfnh quydt dinh cho tCmg kd hoach ndm tOy theo tinh hlnh cy thd cija d|a phuong Khdng ndn dya vdo mi>c thy nhdp vl bdl cdnh ed sy tdn tai khu vyc kinh td khdng chlnh thi>c cdn khd manh dd th], thud thu nhdp cd nhdn lai dang rdt so khai, ndn rdt khd ddnh gid dOng mi>c thu nhdP cila cdc hd gia dinh Ndu tao didu kidn eho bdn c l u th1 ngoai trir nhd chung cu dupe chlnh quydn ddu tu blng vdn nhd nydc dd cho thud thi khdng cdn loai nhd gpi Id nhd d xd hdi nOa, md chf cd loai nhd gid trung binh vd gid thdp thj trudng cung ling cho bdt ky cd dii khd ndng todn Nhu vdy ngudi thu nhdp thlp ed quydn ti/ chpn lya cdn hd phu hpp ed chdt lupng tdt tai d|a didm ung y dd idm hd sa vay tidn mua
2 Nhanh ch6ng hlnh thdnh Qu9
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Quy Tidt kidm nhd d dd dupe dd cdp ddn Nghi dinh 71/2010 Quy ndy cd thd dya mdt phdn vdo md hlnh QilS Cdng tich ciia Singapore md hidn Trung Qudc dang b i t ddu dp dyng Vide tham gia quy ndy tirudc m i t ndn Id ty nguydn (Juy huy ddng Hdn Bdt kidm hdng thdng cua nhOng ngudi cdn nhd d cdng vdi mdt phdn tidn thu dupe tir ddt dai dd th| (kd cd thud nhd ddt) vd th| frudng bdt ddng sin Quy Tidt kidm nhd d cho ngudi thu nhdp thdp vay dd mua nhd vd thd chdp bdng chfnh nhd sip mua rdl trd ddn hdng thdng r^idu ndm, cd thd ddn 10 ndm Vide qudn ly quy ndy cd thd dy thdc cho mdt cfing ty tdi chlnh tu theo md hinh quan hd ddi tdc cdng - hr (PPP) hodc cho cdng ty ta chlnh nhd nude
3 €>Cii m d i Qu9 Phdt tridn nhd if vd dp d^ng ch£ d$ tfn thdc ddu ur bSt d^ng s i n (RETT)
(2)hda dya trdn thd chip" (Mortgage-backed Securitization, MBS) Ngodi ra, Quy cdn huy dpng cac ngudn vdn khdc nhu mdt phdn tidn thu tO dat dd thi, tfr tidn vay cde ngudn tdi chinh qudc te dupe chinh phu bao lanh Tidn thu dupe, ngodi vide mua cdc khodn cho vay ed the chip ra, se cho cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh bat ddng sdn vay dd phdt tridn nhd vd tra vdn cho cdc dy dn nha d cua Nhd nude
4 Ap dung Che d^dM'trO'ddt Chd dd dy W3 ddt (land banking) dype chlnh phi3 Thyy Didn dp dyng ti!; thap ky 30 thd ky 20 dd nhanh chdng khic phyc tinh trang nhd d tdi td tai Thu dd Stockholm khidn nhidu tri thuc vd lao ddng cd tay nghd at di cu sang Hoa Ky dd mong cd didu ki$n d tdt hon Ndi dung du triJ ddt Id Chinh phO dOng tidn ngdn sdch mua vCing ddt ngoai thdnh rdng Idn, thyc hidn gidi phdng mdt bdng rdi cung ung d l t vdi gid rd hon nhidu gid thi trudng cho cdc dy an phdt tridn nha d Ngdy chd dd dy tiU dat dupe nhidu nude dp dung cd hieu qua dd thyc hidn quy hoach dd thi
Didu 41 Ludt Dat dai nude ta da tao CO sd phdp ly cho chd dd du tiU dat quy dinh ring Nhd nude quyet dinh thu hdi ddt vd giao cho td chiic phdt trien quy dat cua Nhd nude bdi thudng, giai phdng mat bang vd tn/c tidp qudn ly chua cd dy dn dIu tu Nhung chd dp ndy chua dupe tridn khai dp dung rpng rai vl khdng ed ngudn vdn can thidt Dd nghi Chinh phu thdnh Idp T6ng cdng ty phat tridn dat Viet Nam vdi ehi>e nSng thyc hidn du trii' dat dd cung ung ddt "sach" cho cac du I n phdt tridn dd thi Nhd chd dp dy trO dat, cdc du dn khu dd thi nidt s i dupe thue hidn diing tidn dd dy dinh va gid dat dd thi nude ta dang d l t dd vdo lodi hdng dau thd gidi sg nhanh chdng trd vd gidi han hpp ly LOc dd ngudn vdn to Idn md tdi nguySn ddt dem lai se dupe huy ddng phdn Idn cho cdng cudc phdt tridn dat nude ehii' khong b| phan chia cho cdc nhdm Ipi ich
E Nha nic&c tror cap mdt phan ^ phf qudn iy v | n hdnh nha if xa h6i g Thuc td xudng cdp thim hat cua ^ nhd tap thd thdi bao cdp, khdng •S duoc qudn ly dOng din vl thidu kinh phf ãĐ cdn thidt, Id bdi hpc dat gia cho chfnh z' quydn dd thi VI vdy wdc bdo dam kinh
mtWiS-SkA:
phf qudn ly vdn hdnh vd si>a ehOa cde chung cu cao ting hidn phli dupe COI trpng, cd khung phdp ly rd rdng vd cdc chd tdi cd hidu lye Trong tinh hlnh hidn nay, gidi phdp khd thi nhdt Id mdi Chung cu cao tang cd khoing 2% sd cdn hd thudc sd hOu chung dd cho thu§, tidn thu dupe se dCing Idm kinh phi quan ly, ndu thidu thi cdc chii sd hCru cdn hd mdi phli ddng thfem Tidn mua cde can hp sdhOu chung dupe phdn b6 vdo tidn mua cdc can hd cdn lai
Vdi cdch thuc nhu vdy thi ngudi thu nhap dd gdnh ndng lo tra phi quan ly Chung eu luc cdn phdi lo trd np tidn vay mua nhd vd chi tra phi didn nude sinh hoat De nghj Nha nude tra cap khodn 2% gid nhd phdn bd thdm dd cho ngudi thu nhap thdp Oidu 51 Nghi dinh 71/2010 quy dinh khodn tidn 2% tinh vdo tidn bdn can hd duoc gi>i vdo ngdn hdng thuong mai Ban qudn fri nhd Chung cu qudn ly Cdch thiJc cd nhidu rui ro nhu ddng tidn bi mdt gid, quan ly kdm hay tham nhOng
Tdi chinh nhd did hat nhdn ciia chinh sdch tao didu kidn, dd can cd cdch tidp cdn sdng tao ddi vdi cde cdng cy tdi chinh thi mdi dua dupe chfnh sdch nhd dxd hdi vdo thyc tidn
HflPTACXANHAd
Tai chdu Au, hpp tdc xS nhd d Id hinh thuc td chiie phi loi nhudn thudng gap vide cung ling nhd d cho cde hd gia dinh cd thu nhap trung binh vd thu nhap thdp Cde xa vidn gdp vdn thdnh Idp HTX rdi vay th§m tidn dd ty to chiic xdy nhd cho minh d, can thi thud them chuyfin vidn phu trdch wdc xay
dyng vd qudn ly nhd d Can hd HTX xay cd uu 6\6m Id phd hpp nhu elu cd biet cua mdi hd, ddm bio chit lupng, gid thdnh lai rd (vl khdng bao hdm ipi nhudn va dupe hudng mpt sd uu dai) HTX nhd thudng cd nhdn khdi xudng, nhimg mdt sd Idn id cac td chuc cdng dodn lap
Thyy Oien Id nude coi phdt ti-ien HTX nhd d, ca nude cd ddn 2,2 van HTX Idn nhd, cd Idn cd ddn hon 200 xa vidn, cdnhd cd vao khoing 20 xa vidn Tai Na Uy, 14% nhd d la HTX xdy Tai Cdng hda Lien bang Due nam 1980 cd 1.217 HTX nhd dvdi hon 1,6 trieu xa wdn Lifin dodn KTX nhd d Canada ndm 2007 cd 1.030 thdnh vidn, cung Cmg nha d cho 25 van ngudi Nhdt Bdn ndm 1967 thdnh lap Hidp hdi nha d cho ngudi lao dpng, ddn nam 1995 da cung ilng dupe vdo khoang 11 van cdnhd
Loai hinh HTX nhd d hien chua dupe Chfnh phO nude ta quan tdm dua vdo chinh sdch nhd d cho ngudi thu nhap thdp Didu ndy hoi ky la ddi vdi mpt qudc gia theo d|nh hudng xa hpi chil nghTa nhu nude ta
KI^N NGH!
Qua nhOng dieu trinh bdy dti-dn, xin de xudt mdt sd kidn nghi: Chlnh phO ban hdnh chfnh sdch todn didn vd tdng hpp vd nhd cho NTNT; Xiie tidn xdy dyng co chd tra gii^P lai sudt cho NTNT vay bdn mua nhd d; Thi didm mdt sd dy dn phdt bidn nhd gia rd vd xdy dyng HTX nhd &, Qudc hdi sdm ban hdnh Ludt thud nhd ddt