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Perfect gerund: Form: having + past participle Use: The perfect gerund can be used instead of the present form of the gerund when we are referring to a past action.. + He was accused of [r]
(1)UNIT Period: 22 VOLUNTEER WORK LANGUAGE FOCUS Preparing date: 20/ 10/ 2007 Teaching date:B2………………B4………….…… I OBJECTIVES Aims: - Distinguish the sounds / w / and /j/ - Pronounce the words and sentences containing these sounds correctly - Use gerunds, present participles, perfect gerunds and perfect particples appropriately Lexical items: - Words and phrases related to language focus Structure: - Use these structures to solve communicative tasks II Method: Integrated, mainly communication Teaching aids: Textbook, sub-board III Procedures 1.Orgnization: total class Check the old lesson New lesson Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Warm-up - Give some words on the board - Copy down wood west watch - Answer: yoga yoghurt yellow /w/ and /j/ - Asks Ss to find words above what have common sound in the sentences * Introduce the new lesson: Pronunciation - Listen and prepair lesson / w/ - /j / Grammar: Gerund and present participle 2.Perfect gerund and perfect participle Pronunciation: - Introduce the sounds /w/ and /j/ then asks Ss to - Listen and read in chorus repeat them * Listen and repeat - Guides and read example once or second times - Asks Ss to practice the words have the sounds in - Listen and practice the words have each column out loud in chorus for a few more the sounds times - Call some Ss to read the sounds - Listen and correct * Practice reading aloud these sentences - Read the sentences once time and ask Ss to practice - Listen and read silently them - Asks Ss to underline the words containing the Lop11.com (2) target sounds - Walk around to listen and takes notes of the typical error - Call Some Ss to read the sentences again and provide correct feedback Grammar Gerund - Explain the gerund A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding ‘ing’ The gerund always has the same function as a noun + as the subject of the sentence: + as the complement of the verb ‘to be’ + after prepositions: The gerund must be when a verb comes after a preposition: - This is also true of certain expressions ending in a preposition, eg in spite of, there’s no point in… + after a number of ‘phrasal verbs’ which are composed of a verb + preposition/adverb to look forward to, to give up, to be for/ against, to take to, to put off, to keep on: + compound noun -It is clear that the meaning is that of noun, not of a continuous verbs - Underline the words containing the target sounds - Practice the sentences in front of the class Gerund - Listen and copy down - Make sentences + Reading helps you learn English + Reading in the library is comfortable + Her favorite hobby is swimming + She is good at learning English + They are keen on windsurfing + There is no point in typing the assignment + In spite of missing the train, we arrived on time + I look forward to hearing from you soon He kept on asking for a discount + A swimming pool, a driving lesson bird-watching, train-watching + a pool for swimming + a birb for watching + a lesson for driving + after the expressions: can’t help, can’t stand, it’s no use/good and adjective + I can’t stand being stuck in traffic jams worth: + It’s no use/ good trying to presuade him + It might be worth changing the title of the book Exercise1: Exercise1: - Asks Ss to exercise 1: Complete each of the - Complete each of the following following sentences with an appropriate gerund of sentences with an appropriate gerund the verbs from the box of the verbs from the box - Asks Ss to read carefully sentences - Read carefully sentences - Write the example on the baord - Work individual Example: I have no objection to hearing to your - Compare answering with friends - Answer story again - Guide Ss to strategies - Asks Ss to look at the sentence example and work Bending Lop11.com (3) individually and then discuss the following pairs - Walk around the class to help when necessary - Suggested answer - Asks Ss to compare answering with friends - Calls Ss to answer and practice the sentences in front of the class - Corrected answer Present participle: The present participle of most verbs has the form V+ing and is used in the following ways + as part of the continuous form of a verb: + after verbs of movement/position in the parttern: verb + present participle go diving, go fishing, go swimming + after verbs of percenption in the pattern: verb + object + present participle: + as an adjective + with the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern: verb + time/money expression + present participle + with verbs catch and find: verb + object + present participle + to replace a sentences or part of a sentences Exercise2: - Asks Ss to exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate present participle of the verbs from the box - Asks Ss to read carefully sentences - Write the example on the baord Example: She smelt something burning and saw smke rising - Guide Ss to strategies - Asks Ss to look at the sentence example and work individually and then discuss the following pairs - Walk around the class to help when necessary Lop11.com Behaving Meeting Spending Waiting Starting - Practice the sentences on the front of the class Present participle: + I am working + she was dancing +my mother used to go shopping everyday + he came running towards me + I hear someone playing the guitar + I can smell something burning + It was an interesting film + It’s a bit worrying when the police stop you + I spend two hours a day travelling to work + don’t waste time playing that games + If I catch you stealing my apples again, I’ll tell your parents + we found our dog lying in the bathroom + they found their mother sitting in the garden + he sang to himself He walked down the road Singing to himself, he walked down the road Exercise2: - Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate present participle of the verbs from the box - Read carefully sentences - Work individual - Compare answering with friends - Answer 2.Reading 3.Lying 4.Shopping (4) - Suggested answer - Asks Ss to compare answering with friends - Calls Ss to answer and practice the sentences in front of the class - Corrected answer Perfect gerund and perfect participle Perfect gerund: Form: having + past participle Use: The perfect gerund can be used instead of the present form of the gerund when we are referring to a past action + He was accused of deserting his ship *However, the perfect gerund is used to emphasize completion in both the past and the future 5.Preparing 6.Trying 7.Modernizing - Practice the sentences on the front of the class Perfect gerund and perfect participle Perfect gerund: Perfect participle: Form: having + past participle(Having done,read) Use: The perfect participle can be used insteal of the present participle when one action is immediately followed by another with the sample subject Ex: Swintching off the lights, we went to bed Exercise3: - Asks Ss to exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle - Asks Ss to read carefully sentences - Write the example on the baord Example: I object to him having made private calls on the office phone - Guide Ss to strategies - Asks Ss to look at the sentence example and work individually and then discuss the following pairs - Walk around the class to help when necessary - Suggested answer - Asks Ss to compare answering with friends - Calls Ss to answer and practice the sentences in front of the class - Corrected answer Homework: - Asks Ss to review grammar and make exercises again - Asks Ss to prepare the new lesson Perfect participle: +Having switched off the lights, we went to bed + She bought a bike and cycled home = Having bought a bike, she cycled home Exercise3: - Put the verbs in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle - Read carefully sentences - Work individual - Compare answering with friends - Answer 2.Having been Having been Having tied Having read Having taken - Practice the sentences on the front of the class Lop11.com having + past participle + He was accused of having deserted his ship + The retired teacher recalled having taught - Review grammar and make exercises - Prepare the new lesson (5)