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Theo d c nha nghien ciifu thi d i Idi ban dau cuia Hpi Gidng la le hpi ndng nghiep nhUng den thdi Ly- T r l n , Hpi Gidng bat dau thay ddi trd thanh mpt hpi tran mang tinh bieu tup[r]
(1)Thianh tra ^ MICHINH
Ngdy 16-11, U hpi Gidng a den Phu Dong (Gia Ldm) vd den Soc (Soc San - Hd Npi) chinh thdc
duac UNESCO ton vinh vd cong nhdn Id Di sdn vdn hoa phi vdt the cua nhdn loqi Dieu ndy them mpt ldn nda khdng dinh su cong nhdn cua the gi&i doi v&i nen vdn hoa lau d&i, dpc ddo cua Viet Nam Ciing v&i 82 bia tien si a Vdn mieu Quoc Tu Gidm duac cong nhdn Id Di sdn Tu lieu thupc chuang trinh
Ky itc the gioi; Khu di tich Trung tdm Hodng thdnh Thdng Long duac cong nhdn Id Di sdn vdn hoa
the gi&i, Hpi Gidng a den Phu Dong vd den Soc Id di sdn thd
cua thdnh phoHd Noi duac UNESCO vinh danh trong ndm 2010 CO le h i u het tre em Viet Nam
deu quen thudc vdi hinh anh ngUdi anh himg Thanh Gidng nhd tre dang nga danh bai giae An Hinh anh dd khdng chi khPi gpi truyen thdng yeu nUdc eiia dan tdc ma cdn la hinh tupng the hien khat vpng ddc lap, tU ciia ngUdi dan dat Viet Trai qua bao thang t r i m Ijch sif, hinh tupng eau be len mdi biet ndi cUdi da dugc t h i n hda thdng qua cac le hdi tudng nhd eua ngudi dan Ban d i u , hpi Gidng ehi la l l hdi lang Den thdi Ly Cdng Uan ddi dd ve Thang Long, hpi Gidng mdi ed y nghTa tren dien rpng nham tdn vinh mdt nhifng v i n de quan trpng nha't cua dan tdc - chien d i u bao ve d i t nude va the hien khat vpng hda binh
Thanh Gidng la mpt nhifng a n h h i i n g c h d n g giae ngoai x a m ciia Viet Nam va la mpt t r o n g Tir bat tir (Tan V i e n , T h a n h G i d n g , T h a n h mau L i i u H a n h , Chir D o n g Tir)
Di s a n v a n h o a Hoi G i o n g
U J)6i tioc nJjat b^ nfti
Hoi Giong - "bdo t a n g v a n h o a " hiem co
Cd le mpt nhtfng ly khien Le hpi Gidng dupc edng nhan la di san van hda phi vat the bdi nd chifa dung nhieu t i n g y nghTa van hda khac Dd la tu tudng eau mong mUa thuan gid hda eho miia mang bpi thu cuia d c cU dan ndng nghiep va tren het, dd la le hdi ciia nhan dan, hoan toan khdng bj Nha nUde hda Hang tram nam nay, ngUdi dan da gdp edng gdp eiia de lam l l hpi cua minh va giijf nguyen ven nhung nghi le cha dng truyen lai
L l hdi Gidng ed rat nhieu trd diln xudng dan gian, dien hinh la d c dam rude: rude kham dudng, rude nude rdi hat lao , dd dae biet nha't la diln xUdng ba tran danh cua Thanh Gidng Ba dja diem dien ba tran danh dupe bieu tupng ba chiee chieu, ben tren cd
nhtmg td giay tring bieu trUhg cho may va chiee bat up bieu tupng cho
ddi nui, ngUdi ddng vai Thanh Gidng se da nhifng chiee bat de the hien sufc manh bat nui ciia ngUdi anh himg Net tinh te eiia le hpi la t i t d chi tiet cuia truyen thuye't deu dupe the hien sinh dpng bang d e bieu tupng, neu khdng cd bieu tupng l l hdi se m i t di nhieu y nghTa
L l hpi Gidng d den Phii Odng va den Sdc ndi len nhU mpt le hdi dae biet sd hon 7.000 le hdi dan gian d nUdc ta L l hpi Thanh Gidng hay edn gpi la Hpi lang Phii odng (ten ndm la lang Gidng) la mdt nhifng hpi le Idn nha't d Odng bang B l e Bd, mdt dien trudng ljch sir van hoa, dien lai sutfeh Thanh Gidng danh thing giae An
Hang nam, cd den 9/4 am ljch (ngay dng Gidng thing giae An), ngUdi dan lai ve tU mpi nga xa g i n de xem l l , du hdi lang L l hdi lang Gidng dupe eif hanh tren mdt dien trudng rdng Idn dai khoang km gdm den Thupng, den Mau (thd me Gidng) va chiia Kien So, lang Phii
(2)iThanh tra M I C H I N H
Dong, Gia Lam, Ha Ndi
Hpi bat dau tU mdng 6/4 Trong nhtfng dan lang td chife l i rude cd tdi den M i u , rUde com chay (com d , thifc an ma Gidng thfch) len den ThUOng Ngay chfnh hpi (9/4) cd le rude kieu vdng tU den M l u len den Thupng va td chife hdi tran (dien lai tran pha giae An) Mdng 10 lam l l duyet quan ta Pn Gidng Ngay 11 l l rira khf gidi Ngay 12, l l rude ed bao tin thing tran vdi
Cd the thay le hdi Thanh Gidng eac tfn ngUdng ed xua ciia ngudi Viet nhuti'n ngUdng thd da, thd cae vj t h i n tU nhien, thd td nghe, thd mpt anh hiing dan toe
Le hpi Gidng la le hpi d i u tien d nude ta dUde lap hd so de trinh UNESCO xem xet, cdng nhan la Di san van hda phi vat the dai dien eua nhan loai Hpi Gidng la mpt nhtfng le hdi Idn cua d nUdc, mieu ta lai toan bd eupe chien dau chdng
giae ngoai xam eiia cha dng ta
Le hdi Gidng d den Phil odng va den Sdc la le hdi dugc edng ddng bao tdn, truyen tU the he
- noi Thanh Gidng bay ve trdi vdi nhieu nghi l i kha tUOng ddng
Theo d c nha nghien ciifu thi d i Idi ban dau cuia Hpi Gidng la le hpi ndng nghiep nhUng den thdi Ly-T r l n , Hpi Gidng bat dau thay ddi trd mpt hpi tran mang tinh bieu tupng, tai hien lai cupc chien dau chdng giae ngoai xam cCia cha dng ta, tu luc chuan bi vu khi, life lupng, luong thao cho den ket thuc tran danh, tudng giae bj bat va dupe tha Su phat trien dd da giup Hdi Gidng sdng mai nhan dan va dupc chinh ngudi dan bdi d i p , tao nen tfnh cdng ddng dpc dao
Trong Le hdi Gidng cd dien xudng dan gian, lien quan den miia
trdi dat Cudi cung la l i khao quan, den dem ed hat Cheo
L l hdi an tang d he tU tudng dao ly va triet hpc, nham the hien sU hda hpp gia dinh, qud'c gia, ddng thdi hudng td; mong Udc thien thai binh La mdt vi TU b i t tif eiia ngudi Viet chau thd B l e bp, Thanh Gidng dupe phung thd d cac lang thudc eac huyen Gia Lam, Sdc Son, TU Liem, Thudng Tin va quan Long Bien thupc phd Ha Npi
Le hpi Thanh Gidng d xa Phii odng (huyen Gia Lam) la l l hdi b noi sinh, l l hpi den Sdc d huyen Sdc Son la l l hdi d noi mpt nhan vat huyen thoai da dugc Ijch sir hda, mdt nhan vat tin ngudng, mdt anh dan too Gia trj dpc dao ciia le hpi Thanh Gidng la ngUdi dan tai hien chien edng ciia ngudi anh hiing bang mpt hdi tran, nhung la mpt hdi tran bieu trUng
Neu le hpi la mdt "bao tang van hda" chUa dung nhieu Idp phii sa van hda, tfn ngUdng thi trUdng hpp le hpi Thanh Gidng cd the coi nhu mpt "bao tang van hda" tieu bieu nhat
nay qua the he khae, coi nhU mdt phin ban s i c ciia hp, chifa dung nhifng sang tao mang t i m nhan loai, the hien khat vpng ve mdt eupe sdng thjnh VUpng eho mdi gia dinh, ve mpt nen hda binh cho dat nudc
S u thong n h a t vd
nguyen ven cua Hoi Giong Cho den hdm nay, Le hpi Gidng v i n tdn tai nhieu noi d viing ddng bang B l e bp, tam diem la lang Phil Odng (Gia Lam) - noi Thanh Gidng sinh va Phii Linh (Sdc Son)
hat lao, mua hd va diln xUdng Cd the ndi rang, L i hpi Gidng khdng chi gdp phin tao dpng lUc de d c gia dinh d nhifng noi cd le hdi sdng tdt hon, d trach nhiem bao tdn di san hon, ma cdn gdp phin lam phong phu them kho tang le hpi dan gian Viet Nam
Ngudi lang Gidng cd d e h gin giif van hda r i t rieng, hp r i t tdn trpng d c huong Ude quy djnh ngUdi dUpc tham gia le hpi Nhiing gia dinh d
(Xem tiep trang 78)
(3)J Than htra ^ M I C H I N H
Cum di tich Hd Quyen -Voi Re
phuong da khdng xir ly kien quyet, gay thiet hai cho di san va sU phife tap keo dai, khdng dupe giai quyet triet de Cu the nhU d khu vifc Hd Tinh Tam hien khd cd bien phap giai tda, tdn tao d n h quan cd qua nhieu hp dan l l n chiem, sinh sdng khu vUc ven hd Hay nhU cum di tich Hd Quyen - Voi Re, cac nganh churc nang mdi khoanh vimg bao ve, chU chua ed phuong an tdn tao va bao tdn
Cd the ndi, nhung nam qua, edng tae tdn tao, bao tdn di tich Cd dd Hue ludn dupe d e d p , d c nganh eiia tinh ThUa Thien - Hue quan tam coi trpng, va dae biet la Trung tam Bao tdn Di tfch Cd dd Hue vdi nhumg giai phap eu the nham bao tdn Di san the gidi tdt nha't cd the Ben canh dd, Trung tam edn phuc dung nhtfng tai san, gia tri phi vat the nhu Nha nhac Cung dinh Hue Viee triing tu d c di tfch d Cd dd Hue dang gap phai nhifng thach thUe mdi tU eupe sdng eiia mdt dd thj dang phat trien Do dd, d Hue mudn lam gi cung lo vudng di san, dan mudn coi ndi nha cifa eung phai dupc phep eiia nhieu d p , nhieu nganh chUc nang Thanh ndi, nha dan khdng dugc cao qua 11 m, khdng qua ting; nhilu chile d u d e khu di tfch dang xudng d p nhUng co quan chUe nang ehUa tim dupe giai phap de bao tdn vi d m d u thi dan khdng cd ldi di, lam them d u mdi thi pha vd chinh the kien triic di tfch Nhimg quy djnh nhU vay la nham bao ve di tfch va khdng gian di san, nhUng giai quyet the nao bai toan nha d trUde sifc ep dan sd gia tang va tdc dp dd thi hda la dieu khdng he don gian Do dd, theo lanh dao eiia UBND tinh ThUa Thien - Hue, cimg vdi ngudn kinh phi thda dang, thi viee bao ve di tich d Cd dd Hue ra't d n mpt cO che dae thii
Ai cung biet, he thdng di tfch d Cd dd Hue la di san van hda quy khdng nhifng eua Viet Nam ma edn la di san quy ciia the gidi, nhung lam the nao de di san trudng tdn, gdp phin vao sU phat trien kinh te - van hda - xa hdi eiia tinh ThUa Thien - Hue ndi rieng, cuia d i t nudc ndi chung v i n phu thupc rat Idn vao sU quan tam cuia d e d p , d e nganh chife nang, ma true tiep la tinh ThUa Thien - H u e *
Di san van hoa Hoi Giong (Tie'p theo trang 76)
eon d i hu hdng, khdng hda thuan se khdng dupc tham gia hpi lang Gia dinh nao d eon dupe chpn ddng vai Thanh Gidng dien xUdng thi ddc h i t Idng het sifc de lam dung d e nghi l l , thii tue ma cha dng tmyen lai NgUdi ddng vai Thanh Gidng se dupe dan lang cung kinh gpi la dng Lenh Thdng qua nhiing viec lam dd ngudi dan da giao due eho d c the he eon chau cua minh tinh than thupng vd, doan kit
Trong nhifng ghi chep edn lai tU nam 1893, nha nghien cifu ngUdi Phap G.Dumoutier da viet: "Hpi Gidng edn dpng mai tam tri mdi ngudi gidng nhif mpt nhtfng canh tupng cam ddng nhat ma chung tdi chifng k i l n d viing Bac ky Lieu rang d chau Au gia cd eua chung ta ngUdi dan cd cdn tu hao lam le ky niem mdt sU kien ljch sir da dien hai nghin ba tram nam trude?"
Cung gidng nhu bao di san van hda khac cua nhan loai, sau niem vui chung ta d n ban tdi viee bao tdn, gin giif di san cho hieu qua va ben vifng nhat Noi ve van de nay, GS.TS Ngd Difc Thjnh, iiy vien Hpi ddng di san van hda qudc gia, ngUdi tham gia xay dung va phan bien hd so trUde trinh UNESCO cho rang: "Li hpi Gidng thudc ve nhan dan, nhan dan sang tao ra, chia khda cho viee bao tdn va gin gitJf chinh la nhan dan, khdng d the thay the hp lam dieu dd Nha nUde dii cd bd bao nhieu tien ciia va cdng sufc nhUng de l i hpi xa rdi nhan dan thi le hpi eung se hdng"
Dieu hoan toan ed ly bdi bat cuf hoat dpng nao sdng nhan dan, ngUdi dan gin giif cung la hoat ddng lau ben, y nghTa nhit Viee chung ta d n lam chi la; giup ngudi dan hieu t i m quan trpng cua di san va cd y thufc bao ve nd Sap tdi, chac chan L i hpi Gidng se thu hilt dupe SLf quan tam Idn eiia ddng dao ngUdi dan, moi djp hdi lang theo dd cung tUng bimg, nhpn nhjp hdn Chi'nh vi vay, Nha nudc, d e td chifc xa hpi, don vj kinh te cimg gdp sifc vdi ngUdi dan de bao tdn l i hpi Tuy nhien, gdp sire nhu the nao, gin giuf lai la van de d n dupc d n nhac ky lUdng, bdi nhieu l i hdi d dieu kien ve tien, eiia lai bj pha hdng
PGS.TS T r i n Lam Bien - Cue di san van hda cho rang: Mudn bao ve dupe Le hdi truyen thd'ng, trudc het chung ta phai biet L l hdi la gi L i hdi la mpt cap pham trii thdng nha't nUOng tUa de tdn tai, khdng cd cai np thi khdng cd d i Hpi trude h i t la sif tap hpp, chijf hpi khdng phai la su vui chPi, tap hpp mdt epng ddng ngUdi nao dd de thUe hien nhifng dieu Le
Cai gdc cua L i hpi la mdt san pham ciia van hda dan tpc Viet Nam va khdi d i u eOa nd lay tinh thin yeu nudc, bao ve dan tdc lam trpng Neu chung ta hieu ve can edt ciia L l Hdi mpt d c h tif te thi ung xur cua chimg ta vdi L l Hdi mdi tuf t e *