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Thai nguyen University Southern luzon STATE University Socialist Republic of Vietnam Republic of Philippines PHAN THỊ MAI HƯƠNG (English Name: Diana) “FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED AQUACULTURE ENTERPRISES IN THE NORTH OF VIETNAM” DOCTORAL THESIS Thai Nguyên 2013 i Acknowledgments I would like to express our most sincere thanks to the Management Board of the Southern Luzon State University, Thai Nguyen University,, the teacher of the school has helped me facilitate the learning process throughout I would like to express sincere gratitude and profound Professor Dr Cecilia N Gascon enthusiastic teacher who have dedicated guidance, encouragement, spend time and exchange orientation for me during this research I would like to express my sincere thanks to the board of Directors of Aquaculture enterprises In HaiPhong, QuangNinh, NamDinh, ThaiBinh, NinhBinh, ThanhHoa Province has helped me research material, through a questionnaire survey I sincerely thank the Board of the University of Labor and Social affair (ULSA), colleagues in ULSA, classmates DBA1 facilitated enthusiastic help and share my experience to help complete the thesis Finally, I would like to send the gift to the heart of my family has passed enthusiasm and encouragement to complete my thesis ii DEED OF DECLARATION I, Phan Thi Mai Huong (English name: Diana), hereby submit my thesis for oral examination, entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED AQUACULTURE ENTERPRISES IN THE NORTH OF VIETNAM” truthfully declare that the said paper is a product of my original research investigation Signed this …………………… 2013 at Thai Nguyen University Phan Thi Mai Huong DBA Candidate iii Abstract The study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting competitiveness of SMEs in aquaculture of Northern Vietnam The research utilized both primary and secondary data The respondents in this study were the members of board of directors of 122 small and medium aquaculture enterprises of six coastal provinces in the North of Vietnam Data for this study was collected via email with director of aquaculture enterprises The study adapted from David Aker’s model (2007) for analyzing the factors impacting competitiveness of aquaculture enterprises in coastal provinces of Northern Vietnam Eight criteria that this dissertation identifies as most important internal factors accounting for enterprises’ competitiveness include: finance capability, management capability, intangible assets, manufacturing equipment, marketing, production capability, human resource and R&D The dissertation identified the indicator of competitiveness of small and medium sized aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam nowadays and in particular evaluated the factors affecting the competitiveness of small and medium aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam Aquaculture enterprises in Quang Ninh own the highest level of competitiveness with the score of 4.04 (maximum level is 5) In addition, the dissertation ranked the competitiveness of Northern Vietnam at the average level with the score of 3.40 In order to enhance competitiveness, small and medium aquaculture enterprises in northern areas should focus on implementing a number of measures: (1) improving production capacity; (2) innovating equipment and technology; (3) building brand; (4) improving the quality of the labor force in aquaculture sector, (5) pushing up the activities of product research and development iv APPROVAL SHEET This thesis, entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED AQUACULTURE ENTERPRISES IN THE NORTH OF VIETNAM ”, prepared and submitted by Phan Thi Mai Huong in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Business Administration has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION Professor Dr Cecilia N Gascon Adviser Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of PASSED on …… 2013 Dr……………………… ………………… Member Dr……………………… ………………… Member Dr……………………… ………………… Member Dr……………………… ………………… Chairman Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Business Administration THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY Dean Dean v TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER I……………………………………… INTRODUCTION…………………………………… 1 Background of the study Statement of the problem 3 Hypothesis Objective of the study 5 Scope and limitations of the study 6 Definition of terms CHAPTER II……………………………………… LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………… Conceptual framework 1.1 Concept of competition 1.2 Porter’s forces Model .10 1.3 Analyzing competitors & David Aaker’s model 12 Literature Review 14 CHAPTER III……………………………………… 20 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………… 20 1.Research design 20 Location of the study .22 Population, Sample Size and Sampling technique 22 Description of research points 24 Research Instrument 24 Statistical analysis 25 CHAPTER IV…………………………………… … 27 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…………………… 27 Evaluating the reliability of statistic data 27 Descriptive statistics 31 vi Analysis the factors of the competitiveness of Small and Medium Sized Aquaculture Enterprises of the six provinces in the North of Vietnam 31 3.1 Financial capability .32 3.2 Management Capability .34 3.3 Intangible assets .36 3.4 Manufacturing equipment and technology capability 38 3.5 Marketing 40 3.6 Production capability 44 3.7 Human Resources 45 3.8 R&D 48 Comparison of competitiveness between provinces in Northern Vietnam in aquaculture sector 49 4.1 Financial capability of six coastal provinces in the North of Vietnam 49 4.2 Management Capability 51 4.3 Intangible assets .52 4.4 Manufacturing equipment and technology capability .53 4.5 Marketing 54 4.6 Production capability 56 4.7 Human resources 57 4.8 Research and Development 58 Evaluating the competitiveness level of the aquaculture sector in the north of Vietnam 61 CHAPTER V…………………………………… 86 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86 Conclusions 86 Recommendations 86 APPENDIX : SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE…………………………………………………97 APPENDIX 2: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF EACH PROVINCE 102 APPENDIX 3: ANOVA ANALYSIS…………… 112 APPENDIX 4: POST HOC TESTS……………… 117 APPENDIX 5: KSF competitor ranking provinces of northern Vietnam in aquaculture sector…………………………………………… 136 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: KSF Competition Ranking 13 Table 2: Research Respondents .23 Table 3: Cronback alpha of financial capability 27 Table 4: Cronback alpha of management capability 27 Table 5: Cronback alpha of intangible assets 28 Table 6: Cronback alpha of manufacturing equipment and technology capability 28 Table 7: Cronback alpha of marketing 29 Table 8: Cronback alpha of production capability 29 Table 9: Cronback alpha of human resources 30 Table 10: Cronback alpha of research and development 30 Table 11: Illustration method of calculating group variables via mean value 31 Table 12: Financial Capability Crosstabulation .32 Table 13: Management Capability of aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam 34 Table 14: Number of aquaculture enterprises assessed management capability at high level of six provinces in the North of VietNam 36 Table 15: Intangible assets Crosstabulation .37 Table 16: Manufacturing equipment and technology capability Crosstabulation 39 Table 17: List of Basa price of six coastal provinces surveyed (per kg) 40 Table 18: Price of prawn of six coastal provinces surveyed (20 units / kg) 41 Table 19: Marketing Crosstabulation .43 Table 20: Production capability Crosstabulation .44 Table 21: Human Resources Crosstabulation 46 Table 22: R&D Crosstabulation .48 Table 23: Post Hoc Tests on financial capability 50 Table 24: Post Hoc Tests on management capability 51 Table 25: Post Hoc Tests on intangible assets 52 Table 26: Post Hoc Tests on Manufacturing equipment and technology capability 54 Table 27: Post Hoc Tests on marketing 55 Table 28: Post Hoc Tests on production capability 56 Table 29: Post Hoc Tests on Human Resources 57 Table 30: Post Hoc Tests on Research and Development 59 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Value Chain (Porter 1985) Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 2: Maps of Vietnam and its 63 provinces (name of coastal provinces are shown only) .22 Figure 3: Number of companies assessed financial capability of six provinces 32 Figure 4: Number of enterprises having high rate of intangible assets 37 Figure 5: Market share of six province in 2012 in domestic maket 42 Figure 6: Number of aquaculture enterprises is rated human resource in six provinces surveyed at high rate 47 viii Abbreviation ADB Asian development bank AFTA ASEAN Free-Trade Area APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting BAT Vietnam- America Bilateral Trade Agreement CCI Current competitiveness index EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GCI Growth competitiveness index GDP Gross domestic product GNP Gross National product KSF Key success factors IMF International Monetary Fund NAIC National Association of Investors Corporation ROF Rate of fund ROS Rate of sales ix AQUACULTU Sea product export UN United Nations VASEP Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers VCCI Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry WB World Bank WEF World Economic Forum RE x Hai Phong Nam Dinh Thai Binh Ninh binh Thanh Hoa Total 28 3.5833 14 3.5476 12 3.1111 16 2.9792 24 2.7083 120 3.3806 3348 0632 3095 0827 4784 1381 3326 0831 2658 0542 5802 0529 115 3.4535 3.3689 2.8071 2.8019 2.5961 3.2757 3.713 3.726 3.415 3.156 2.820 3.485 3.00 4.67 3.00 4.33 2.67 4.33 2.67 3.67 2.33 3.33 2.33 4.67 ANOVA Sum of Squares Df Financial Capability Between Groups 21.219 4.244 Within Groups 15.069 114 132 36.288 119 Between Groups 24.715 4.943 Within Groups 16.040 114 141 40.756 119 Between Groups 26.835 5.367 Within Groups 22.365 114 196 49.200 119 Total Management Capability Total Intangible assets Mean Square Total Manufacturing equipmentand technology capability Between Groups 19.239 Within Groups 10.384 114 29.623 119 Marketing Between Groups 9.396 Within Groups 14.551 114 23.947 119 Total Total Production capability 1.879 19.447 114 49.248 119 Between Groups 13.960 2.792 Within Groups 12.019 114 105 25.979 119 Between Groups 27.984 5.597 Within Groups 12.081 114 106 40.066 119 116 32.107 000 35.130 000 27.358 000 42.242 000 14.722 000 34.940 000 26.482 000 52.812 000 128 Within Groups Total Sig .091 29.801 Total R&D 3.848 Between Groups Total Human Resources F 5.960 171 APPENDIX 4: POST HOC TESTS 95% Confidence Interval Mean Dependent Difference Variable (I) Tinh Financial Quang Ninh Capability Hai Phong Nam Dinh Thai Binh Ninh binh Thanh Hoa (J) Tinh (I-J) Std Error Lower Sig Bound Upper Bound Hai Phong 34890* 09902 001 1527 5451 Nam Dinh 74176* 12052 000 5030 9805 Thai Binh 1.10684* 12688 000 8555 1.3582 Ninh binh 1.05128* 11552 000 8224 1.2801 Thanh Hoa 98184* 10291 000 7780 1.1857 Quang Ninh 34890* 09902 001 -.5451 -.1527 Nam Dinh 39286* 11900 001 1571 6286 Thai Binh 75794* 12544 000 5094 1.0064 Ninh binh 70238* 11394 000 4767 9281 Thanh Hoa 63294* 10113 000 4326 8333 Quang Ninh 74176* 12052 000 -.9805 -.5030 Hai Phong 39286* 11900 001 -.6286 -.1571 Thai Binh 36508* 14303 012 0817 6484 Ninh binh 30952* 13305 022 0459 5731 Thanh Hoa 24008 12227 052 -.0021 4823 Quang Ninh 1.10684* 12688 000 -1.3582 -.8555 Hai Phong 75794* 12544 000 -1.0064 -.5094 Nam Dinh 36508* 14303 012 -.6484 -.0817 Ninh binh 05556 13884 690 -.3306 2195 Thanh Hoa 12500 12854 333 -.3796 1296 Quang Ninh 1.05128* 11552 000 -1.2801 -.8224 Hai Phong 70238* 11394 000 -.9281 -.4767 Nam Dinh 30952* 13305 022 -.5731 -.0459 Thai Binh 05556 13884 690 -.2195 3306 Thanh Hoa 06944 11734 555 -.3019 1630 Quang Ninh 98184* 10291 000 -1.1857 -.7780 117 Management Quang Ninh Capability Hai Phong Nam Dinh Thai Binh Ninh binh Thanh Hoa Hai Phong 63294* 10113 000 -.8333 -.4326 Nam Dinh 24008 12227 052 -.4823 0021 Thai Binh 12500 12854 333 -.1296 3796 Ninh binh 06944 11734 555 -.1630 3019 Hai Phong 51007* 10216 000 3077 7125 Nam Dinh 52198* 12435 000 2756 7683 Thai Binh 1.00214* 13091 000 7428 1.2615 Ninh binh 1.26603* 11919 000 1.0299 1.5021 Thanh Hoa 1.12714* 10618 000 9168 1.3375 Quang Ninh 51007* 10216 000 -.7125 -.3077 Nam Dinh 01190 12278 923 -.2313 2551 Thai Binh 49206* 12942 000 2357 7485 Ninh binh 75595* 11756 000 5231 9888 Thanh Hoa 61706* 10435 000 4104 8238 Quang Ninh 52198* 12435 000 -.7683 -.2756 Hai Phong 01190 12278 923 -.2551 2313 Thai Binh 48016* 14757 001 1878 7725 Ninh binh 74405* 13728 000 4721 1.0160 Thanh Hoa 60516* 12615 000 3553 8551 Quang Ninh 1.00214* 13091 000 -1.2615 -.7428 Hai Phong 49206* 12942 000 -.7485 -.2357 Nam Dinh 48016* 14757 001 -.7725 -.1878 Ninh binh 26389 14325 068 -.0199 5477 Thanh Hoa 12500 13262 348 -.1377 3877 Quang Ninh 1.26603* 11919 000 -1.5021 -1.0299 Hai Phong 75595* 11756 000 -.9888 -.5231 Nam Dinh 74405* 13728 000 -1.0160 -.4721 Thai Binh 26389 14325 068 -.5477 0199 Thanh Hoa 13889 12107 254 -.3787 1009 Quang Ninh 1.12714* 10618 000 -1.3375 -.9168 Hai Phong 61706* 10435 000 -.8238 -.4104 Nam Dinh 60516* 12615 000 -.8551 -.3553 13262 348 -.3877 1377 Thai Binh 12500 118 Ninh binh 13889 Intangible assets Quang Ninh Hai Phong Nam Dinh Thai Binh Ninh binh Thanh Hoa Manufacturing equipment Quang Ninh and 12107 254 -.1009 3787 Hai Phong 34615* 12063 005 1072 5851 Nam Dinh 70330* 14683 000 4124 9942 Thai Binh 76282* 15458 000 4566 1.0690 Ninh binh 1.18990* 14074 000 9111 1.4687 Thanh Hoa 1.24199* 12538 000 9936 1.4904 Quang Ninh 34615* 12063 005 -.5851 -.1072 Nam Dinh 35714* 14498 015 0699 6443 Thai Binh 41667* 15282 007 1139 7194 Ninh binh 84375* 13881 000 5688 1.1187 Thanh Hoa 89583* 12321 000 6518 1.1399 Quang Ninh 70330* 14683 000 -.9942 -.4124 Hai Phong 35714* 14498 015 -.6443 -.0699 Thai Binh 05952 17424 733 -.2857 4047 Ninh binh 48661* 16209 003 1655 8077 Thanh Hoa 53869* 14895 000 2436 8338 Quang Ninh 76282* 15458 000 -1.0690 -.4566 Hai Phong 41667* 15282 007 -.7194 -.1139 Nam Dinh 05952 17424 733 -.4047 2857 Ninh binh 42708* 16914 013 0920 7622 Thanh Hoa 47917* 15660 003 1689 7894 Quang Ninh 1.18990* 14074 000 -1.4687 -.9111 Hai Phong 84375* 13881 000 -1.1187 -.5688 Nam Dinh 48661* 16209 003 -.8077 -.1655 Thai Binh 42708* 16914 013 -.7622 -.0920 Thanh Hoa 05208 14295 716 -.2311 3353 Quang Ninh 1.24199* 12538 000 -1.4904 -.9936 Hai Phong 89583* 12321 000 -1.1399 -.6518 Nam Dinh 53869* 14895 000 -.8338 -.2436 Thai Binh 47917* 15660 003 -.7894 -.1689 Ninh binh 05208 14295 716 -.3353 2311 Hai Phong 45467* 08220 000 2918 6175 Nam Dinh 70467* 10005 000 5065 9029 119 technology Thai Binh 90705* 10533 000 6984 1.1157 capability Ninh binh 1.20913* 09590 000 1.0192 1.3991 Hai Phong Nam Dinh Thai Binh Ninh binh Thanh Hoa Marketing Quang Ninh Thanh Hoa 89663* 08543 000 7274 1.0659 Quang Ninh 45467* 08220 000 -.6175 -.2918 Nam Dinh 25000* 09879 013 0543 4457 Thai Binh 45238* 10413 000 2461 6587 Ninh binh 75446* 09458 000 5671 9418 Thanh Hoa 44196* 08396 000 2756 6083 Quang Ninh 70467* 10005 000 -.9029 -.5065 Hai Phong 25000* 09879 013 -.4457 -.0543 Thai Binh 20238 11873 091 -.0328 4376 Ninh binh 50446* 11045 000 2857 7233 Thanh Hoa 19196 10150 061 -.0091 3930 Quang Ninh 90705* 10533 000 -1.1157 -.6984 Hai Phong 45238* 10413 000 -.6587 -.2461 Nam Dinh 20238 11873 091 -.4376 0328 Ninh binh 30208* 11526 010 0738 5304 Thanh Hoa 01042 10671 922 -.2218 2010 Quang Ninh 1.20913* 09590 000 -1.3991 -1.0192 Hai Phong 75446* 09458 000 -.9418 -.5671 Nam Dinh 50446* 11045 000 -.7233 -.2857 Thai Binh 30208* 11526 010 -.5304 -.0738 Thanh Hoa 31250* 09741 002 -.5055 -.1195 Quang Ninh 89663* 08543 000 -1.0659 -.7274 Hai Phong 44196* 08396 000 -.6083 -.2756 Nam Dinh 19196 10150 061 -.3930 0091 Thai Binh 01042 10671 922 -.2010 2218 Ninh binh 31250* 09741 002 1195 5055 Hai Phong 42418* 09730 000 2314 6169 Nam Dinh 50989* 11843 000 2753 7445 Thai Binh 60513* 12468 000 3581 8521 Ninh binh 78846* 11352 000 5636 1.0133 Thanh Hoa 73846* 10113 000 5381 9388 120 Hai Phong Nam Dinh Quang Ninh 42418* 09730 000 -.6169 -.2314 Nam Dinh 08571 11694 465 -.1460 3174 Thai Binh 18095 12327 145 -.0632 4251 Ninh binh 36429* 11196 001 1425 5861 Thanh Hoa 31429* 09938 002 1174 5112 Quang Ninh 50989* 11843 000 -.7445 -.2753 Hai Phong 08571 11694 465 -.3174 1460 Thai Binh 09524 14055 499 -.1832 3737 Ninh binh 27857* 13075 035 0196 5376 Thanh Hoa 22857 12015 060 -.0094 4666 12468 000 -.8521 -.3581 12327 145 -.4251 0632 14055 499 -.3737 1832 13643 182 -.0869 4536 12631 293 -.1169 3836 11352 000 -1.0133 -.5636 11196 001 -.5861 -.1425 13075 035 -.5376 -.0196 13643 182 -.4536 0869 11531 665 -.2784 1784 10113 000 -.9388 -.5381 09938 002 -.5112 -.1174 Thai Binh Quang 60513* Ninh Hai Phong 18095 Nam Dinh 09524 Ninh binh 1833 Thanh Hoa Ninh binh 1333 Quang 78846* Ninh Hai Phong 36429* Nam Dinh 27857* Thai Binh 18333 Thanh Hoa 05000 Thanh Hoa - Quang 73846* Ninh Hai Phong 31429* 121 Nam Dinh 22857 Thai Binh 13333 Ninh binh 0500 Production capability Quang Hai Phong Ninh 6277 * * Nam Dinh 7884 Thai Binh 1.163 46 * 96 * 79 * Ninh binh 1.225 Thanh Hoa Hai Phong 1.371 Quang 62775* Ninh Nam Dinh 1607 Thai Binh 5357 * * * Ninh binh 5982 Thanh Hoa Nam Dinh 7440 Quang 78846* Ninh Hai Phong 16071 Thai Binh 3750 * * * Ninh binh 4375 Thanh Hoa 5833 122 12015 060 -.4666 0094 12631 293 -.3836 1169 11531 665 -.1784 2784 11249 000 4049 8506 13691 000 5172 1.0597 14414 000 8779 1.4490 13123 000 9660 1.4859 11691 000 1.1402 1.6034 11249 000 -.8506 -.4049 13519 237 -.1071 4285 14251 000 2534 8180 12944 000 3418 8546 11489 000 5164 9716 13691 000 -1.0597 -.5172 13519 237 -.4285 1071 16248 023 0531 6969 15115 005 1381 7369 13890 000 3082 8585 Thai Binh Quang 1.16346* Ninh Hai Phong 53571* Nam Dinh 37500* Ninh binh 0625 Thanh Hoa Ninh binh 2083 Quang 1.22596* Ninh Hai Phong 59821* Nam Dinh 43750* Thai Binh 06250 Thanh Hoa Thanh Hoa 1458 Quang 1.37179* Ninh Hai Phong 74405* Nam Dinh 58333* Thai Binh 20833 Ninh binh 14583 Human Resources Quang Hai Phong Ninh 5648 * * * Nam Dinh 7505 Thai Binh 8410 123 14414 000 -1.4490 -.8779 14251 000 -.8180 -.2534 16248 023 -.6969 -.0531 15772 693 -.2500 3750 14602 156 -.0809 4976 13123 000 -1.4859 -.9660 12944 000 -.8546 -.3418 15115 005 -.7369 -.1381 15772 693 -.3750 2500 13330 276 -.1182 4099 11691 000 -1.6034 -1.1402 11489 000 -.9716 -.5164 13890 000 -.8585 -.3082 14602 156 -.4976 0809 13330 276 -.4099 1182 08843 000 3897 7400 10764 000 5373 9638 11332 000 6165 1.0655 Ninh binh 1.020 19 Thanh Hoa Phong 7743 Hai * * Quang 56484* Ninh Nam Dinh 1857 Thai Binh 2761 * * * Ninh binh 4553 Thanh Hoa Nam Dinh 2095 Quang 75055* Ninh Hai Phong 18571 Thai Binh 0904 Ninh binh 2696 Thanh Hoa 0238 Thai Binh * Quang 84103* Ninh Hai Phong 27619* Nam Dinh 09048 Ninh binh 1791 Thanh Hoa 06667 Ninh binh - Quang Ninh 1.02019* 124 10317 000 8158 1.2246 09191 000 5923 9564 08843 000 -.7400 -.3897 10628 083 -.0248 3963 11203 015 0543 4981 10176 000 2538 6569 09032 022 0306 3885 10764 000 -.9638 -.5373 10628 083 -.3963 0248 12774 480 -.1626 3435 11883 025 0342 5050 10919 828 -.1925 2401 11332 000 -1.0655 -.6165 11203 015 -.4981 -.0543 12774 480 -.3435 1626 12400 151 -.0665 4248 11480 563 -.2941 1607 10317 000 -1.2246 -.8158 Hai Phong 45536* Nam Dinh 26964* Thai Binh 17917 Thanh 24583* Hoa Thanh Hoa - Quang 77436* Ninh Hai Phong 20952* Nam Dinh 02381 Thai Binh 0666 Ninh binh R&D Quang 2458 * * * * Hai Phong Ninh 4807 Nam Dinh 5164 Thai Binh 9529 Ninh binh 1.084 94 * 77 * Thanh Hoa Hai Phong 1.355 Quang 48077* Ninh Nam Dinh 0357 Thai Binh 4722 * * Ninh binh 6041 125 10176 000 -.6569 -.2538 11883 025 -.5050 -.0342 12400 151 -.4248 0665 10480 021 -.4534 -.0382 09191 000 -.9564 -.5923 09032 022 -.3885 -.0306 10919 828 -.2401 1925 11480 563 -.1607 2941 10480 021 0382 4534 08866 000 3051 6564 10792 000 3027 7303 11361 000 7279 1.1781 10344 000 8800 1.2898 09215 000 1.1732 1.5383 08866 000 -.6564 -.3051 10656 738 -.1754 2468 11232 000 2497 6947 10202 000 4021 8063 Thanh Hoa Nam Dinh 8750 * Quang 51648* Ninh Hai Phong 03571 Thai Binh 4365 * * * Ninh binh 5684 Thanh Hoa Thai Binh 8392 Quang 95299* Ninh Hai Phong 47222* Nam Dinh 43651* Ninh binh 1319 Thanh Hoa Ninh binh 4027 * Quang 1.08494* Ninh Hai Phong 60417* Nam Dinh 56845* Thai Binh 13194 Thanh Hoa Thanh Hoa 2708 Quang * 1.35577* Ninh Hai Phong 87500* 126 09056 000 6956 1.0544 10792 000 -.7303 -.3027 10656 738 -.2468 1754 12807 001 1828 6902 11914 000 3324 8045 10948 000 6224 1.0562 11361 000 -1.1781 -.7279 11232 000 -.6947 -.2497 12807 001 -.6902 -.1828 12432 291 -.1143 3782 11510 001 1748 6308 10344 000 -1.2898 -.8800 10202 000 -.8063 -.4021 11914 000 -.8045 -.3324 12432 291 -.3782 1143 10507 011 0627 4790 09215 000 -1.5383 -1.1732 09056 000 -1.0544 -.6956 Nam Dinh 83929* Thai Binh 40278* Ninh binh 27083* * The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level 127 10948 000 -1.0562 -.6224 11510 001 -.6308 -.1748 10507 011 -.4790 -.0627 APPENDIX 5: KSF competitor ranking provinces of northern Vietnam in aquaculture sector o FACTOR Impor tant Weight FINANCIAL 0.18 MANAGEMENT 0.12 INTANGIBLE MANUFACTURI NG EQUIPMENT 0.07 MARKETING 0.08 PRODUCTION HUMAN RESOURCES 0.16 0.14 0.18 R&D 0.07 Overall M EAN 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.0 QN 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2 M EAN 54 46 75 54 51 66 54 58 H P 64 42 26 57 28 51 64 25 4.0 M EAN 14 45 39 29 43 50 36 55 N D 57 41 24 53 27 49 60 25 56 HP: HaiPhong province ND : NamDinh province TB: ThaiBinh province NB: NinhBinh province TH: ThanhHoa province 136 T B 50 36 23 49 27 44 59 22 36 QN : QuangNinh province M EAN 78 97 33 08 33 13 27 11 M EAN 83 71 91 78 15 06 09 98 N B 51 32 20 44 25 43 56 21 09 M EAN 90 85 85 09 20 92 33 71 Northern T region H 52 34 3 3 0 49 51 19 28 50 60 54 47 41 24 37 26 40 45 50 59 30 20 93 27 63 38 24 01 40 ... the North of Vietnam Figure 1: Maps of Vietnam and its 63 provinces (name of coastal provinces are shown only) Population, Sample Size and Sampling technique Population 22 Vietnam has a long coastline... aquaculture enterprises in Vietnam nowadays and in particular evaluated the factors affecting the competitiveness of small and medium aquaculture enterprises in the North of Vietnam Aquaculture enterprises... competitiveness between provinces in Northern Vietnam in aquaculture sector 49 4.1 Financial capability of six coastal provinces in the North of Vietnam 49 4.2 Management Capability
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