Phương pháp học chữ hán của người việt nam học tiếng nhật

HAN QUA NGUOI VIET NAM HOC TIENG NHAT P H U O N G PHAP H O C C H Q THAN THI KIM TUYEN Khoa Ngdn ngff vd Van hda Phuang Dong, Trudng DHNN Dat van de Ddi vdi ngudi bgc tie'ng Nhat, bgc ehfl viet la mot viee khd khan, can nbieu thai gian va edng sfle vi tieng Nhat sfl dung loai ky tfl: ehfl Han, ehfl Hiragana (ehfl mdm), ehfl Katakana (ehfl cflng) va ehfl Romaji Trong dd viee bgc ehfl Han, dac biet ddi vdi ngudi bgc khdng thude cac nude cd dung ehfl Han nhu Trung Qud'c, Han Qudc tdn rat nbieu tbdi gian va edng sfle Hgc mot ehfl Han ngudi bgc phai nam duge yen td: each dgc, each vie't va y ngbia Ngoai ra, ngudi bgc edn phai nhd mot lugng Idn ehfl Han va cac tfl ghep tao tfl cac ehfl Han dd Theo Isbida (1995), 2500 ehfl Han va 7000 tfl ghep tfl cac ehfl Han - dd la mfle yeu eau ddi vdi ngudi bgc tieng Nhat trinh cao ca'p Hgc vie't ehfl Han da khd, ben canh dd ngudi hgc edn phai nhd each dgc cac ehfl Han dd Da so cac ehfl Han tie'ng Nhat cd nbieu each dgc Vi vay viee tim mot phuang phap bgc ehfl Han cd hieu qua cho ngudi bgc la mot van de cd tinh flng dung cao Trong nhung nam gan day, da cd cac edng trinh nghien cflu khao sat va dieu tra ve phuong phap hgc ehfl Han cua ngudi hgc tieng Nhat d nude Nhat va d ngoai nude Nhat, nhung chua cd edng trinh nghien cflu ve phuong phap hoc ehfl Han ciia ngudi hoc tieng Nhat d Viet Nam Hon nfla, hien Viet Nam khdng nam he thd'ng cac nude dung ehfl Han, nhung la mot nhung nude thude nen 513 van hda ehfl Han Tfl Han-Viet chiem sd lugng nbieu tie'ng Viet Theo cac nha nghien cflu nd chiem khoang 70% cac van ban chinb tbflc Vi vay, mot cac muc dich eiia nghien eiJu la de tim hieu xem dae diem cd anh hudng tdi phuong phap hgc cua ngudi Viet Nam kbi bgc ehfl Han tie'ng Nhat hay khdng Cudi cflng, viee bgc tieng Nhat d Viet Nam g^n day mdi duge ehfl trgng, vi vay be thd'ng sach giao khoa va giao trinh van edn nhidu va'n de, dac biet la sach ehfl Han danh cho ddi tugng la ngudi Viet Nam bgc tie'ng Nhat Van de gay khd khan cho ngudi hgc tie'ng Nhat Vi du, qua trinh day tie'ng Nhat, mot nhflng eau hdi ma bgc sinb thudng dua la lam the' nao de bgc duge ehfl Han mot each hieu qua Vi vay qua nghien cflu ngudi vie't by vgng cd the dua mot Idi khuyen bd ich ve phuang phap bgc cho nhflng hgc sinb bgc ehfl Han va cd the ap dung ket qua viee day va bgc ehfl Han cho ngudi Viet Nam hgc tieng Nhat IVluc dich nghien ciru Gdm muc dich chinb: a Tim phuong phap hgc ehfl Han cua ngudi Viet Nam va xem su tdn tai cua am Han-Viet, mot dac trung cua tie'ng Viet, cd anh hudng gi de'n phuang phap hgc ehfl Han cua ngudi Viet Nam bay khdng b Cd su khae phuong phap bgc ehfl Han gifla cac hgc sinb thude cac nam (nam thfl 1, nam thfl 2, nam tbfl va nam thfl 4) hay khdng PhUdng phap nghien ciiru Tien hanh dieu tra khao sat 416 ddi tugng la sinb vien tfl nam thfl de'n nam tbfl cua trudng dai hgc d Ha Ndi: Trudng Dai hgc Ngoai thuong, Dai bgc KHXH & NV thude Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Dai bgc Ngoai ngfl Ha Ndi, Dai bgc Ngoai ngfl thude Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Sd lugng dieu tra nhu sau: 514 Tmomg DH Nam thfl Ngoai 41 (9.9%) thuong Nhan van 20(5%) Ngoai 47(11.3%) ngu, DH Qudc gia Ngoai ngu 17(4%) HaNoi T6ng so 125 (30%) Nam thfl 30(7.2%) Nam thfl 22(5.3%) Nam thfl Tdng sd 38(9.1%) 131(31.5%) 22(5.3%) 18(4.3%) 15(3.6%) 75(18%) 46(11.1%) 25(6%) 21 (5%) 139(33.4%) 19(4.6%) 17(4%) 18(4.3%) 71(17%) 117(28%) 82(19.&%) 92(22%) 416(100%) Bang eau hdi dieu tra ve phuong phap bgc ehfl Han gdm phan, phan la cac eau hdi nham thu thap tbdng tin ve ddi tugng dieu tra nhu tudi, gidi tinh, nam thfl may, trudng nao Phan gdm cac eau hdi cu the ve phuong phap hgc ehfl Han Tat ea gdm 66 eau hdi, duge chia theo nhdm nhu each nhd each viet, each nhd each dgc, each nhd y nghia Kbi lam bang eau hdi dieu tra, ngudi viet tham khao bang eau hdi cua Bourke (1994) viet ve cac phuong phap hgc ehfl Han Ngoai ra, cd them mot sd eau hdi ngudi viet tu dua Cac eau hdi cd tham khao ket qua thu duge tfl mot cude dieu tra tbfl ngbiem duge tien hanh trude dd ma ddi tugng la cac bgc sinb Viet Nam bgc tieng Nhat Cau tra Idi duge chia cac cap do: thudng xuyen su dung, tbinb thoang sfl dung, it kbi su dung va khdng bao gid su dung Ddi tugng tra Idi se khoanh trdn eau tra Idi tbich hgp ddi vdi minb Ngoai cac eau hdi trae ngbiem, edn phan tu luan, cac ddi tugng dieu tra se tu viet cac phuong phap ma minb sfl dung, nhung chua duge neu bang eau hdi Ke't qua thu duge tfl cude dieu tra duge phan tich bang phan mem thd'ng ke (Version 11) Dd la phuong phap so sanh trung binh ehung gifla tan xuat sfl dung cac phuong phap bgc cua cac ddi tugng dieu tra thude cac trudng, cac nam Neu cd su khae biet mang tinh y ngbia thi se dung phuong phap phan tich de chi su khae biet dd nam d trudng nao, nam nao Ket qua phan tich 4.1 Ket qua chung ve viee sCe dung cac phUdng phap hoc chu' Han cua hoe sinh Viet Nam 515 Bang 1: Ket qua phan tich thd'ng ke mieu ta nhiirng phirong phap hoc chiir Han hay duge sit dung va it duge sir dung Sd Ndi dung IT Tra tfl dien nhung chu Han minb khdng biet Viet di viet lai nbieu Ian Gbi nhd am Han-Viet Chu y de khdng mac lai Idi Ian nfla Lien tudng vdi am HanViet 62 Su dung giao trinh bd trg ngoai giao trinh chuyen cho ehfl Han 63 Dung nbimg cau chuyen sSn cd de gbi nhd ehfl Han 64 Tim hieu ngudn gdc cau tao cua ehfl Han dd 65 Sfl dung internet 66 Tu minb nghi nbirng cau chuyen de nhd ehfl Han Sd lugng Trung binh 411 3.68 Do lech chuan 0.67 415 412 411 3.61 3.57 3.44 0.69 0.73 0.74 406 3.43 0.81 407 2.27 0.98 411 2.16 0.98 411 2.09 0.97 306 409 2.06 2.04 0.99 1.04 4.2 Ket qua so sanh sutdung cac phUdng phap hgc chu" Han va cac nam Bang 2: Ket qua phan tich phuong phap hgc chuf Han va cac nam IT Npi dung 516 Lien tuong de'n cac bflc tranh hoac hinh anh cu the Chii y t6i thfl tu cac net vie't cua chu Han Tim hieu ngu6n goc ca'u tao cua chu Han Nhd theo bo Nho am Kun va am On dong thdi Dean each doc cua chu Han qua hinh dang Nam Nam Nam Nam F P 2.74# 2.51 2.26 2.32 5.453 0.001** 3.39# 3.05 3.17 3.08 2.724 0.044* 2.32# 2.05 2.02 1.94@ 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