Factors influencing to student’s choice between university and vocational school in ly nhan district ha nam province

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY - NGUYEN THI HA BAC FACTORS INFLUENCING TO STUDENT’S CHOICE BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN LY NHAN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE MASTER'S THESIS Hanoi, 2018 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HA BAC FACTORS INFLUENCING TO STUDENT’S CHOICE BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN LY NHAN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE MAJOR: PUBLIC POLICY SUPERVISORS: Assistant Prof JUN KAWAGUCHI Dr NGUYEN MANH HAI Hanoi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my supervisors Assistant Professor Jun Kawaguchi and Dr Nguyen Manh Hai for the continuous support, kindly help and guidance of my master thesis, for their motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge This research cannot be completed without the supports from Japanese and Vietnamese Professor and Doctor especially Prof Fujimoto, Prof Hara, Prof Okamoto Naohisa, Prof Katsura Ryotaro, Dr Nguyen Thuy Anh, Dr Vu Hoang Linh I would like to express my gratefulness for your encouragement, continuous advices and valuable feedback for my thesis My special thanks to VJU, JICA and University of Tsukuba for the opportunity to live and study in Japan for months It is really unforgettable memories in my student’s life Lastly, my deeply thanks to my family, my friends who always encouraged me with love and spiritually supported me to complete the study Hanoi, 8th June 2018 Nguyen Thi Ha Bac ABSTRACT Choosing the right school, the right career is very important for high school students, especially the 12th grade, to make their choice before the upcoming graduation exam: studying in college, vocational school or other choices The research has identified the factors and its impact on school choice of 12th grade students in Ly Nhan district, Ha Nam Province, Vietnam The research was conducted through the survey of 500 high school students from high schools in Ly Nhan district and in-depth interviews with 20 graduates who are studying at universities and vocational schools Data collected from the survey was processed by using binary regression logistic analysis through SPSS 20.0 software The choices of students in the district are influenced by gender, preferences, advice from family, teachers, societal perceptions and the ability to meet student’s expectations Through prior research, the author's research by doing survey, in-depth interviews, the need for career counseling in high school is really essential, especially in the development of curriculum for students grade 10th to give for them time to learn, make better choices for themselves TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures: i List of Table: ii Acknowledgments Abstract CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement 1.2 Research Question 1.3 Hypothesis 1.4 Purpose of the study 1.5 Research objective 1.6 Assumption 1.7 Limitations 1.8 The structure and overview of the thesis CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Review 2.3 Definition of terms 11 2.4 Research gap 13 2.5 Summary 13 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Description of Methodology 14 3.2 Research design 14 3.3 Theoretical model of the topic 15 3.4 Specific research methods 17 3.4.1 The method of data collection 17 3.4.2 The method of data analysis 17 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Summary 25 4.3 Findings 26 4.3.1 Gender 26 4.3.2 Choice 27 4.3.3 Binary logistic regression 30 4.3.4 In-depth interviewing 37 4.4 Discussion: 38 5.1 Conclusion 44 5.2 Recommendation 44 REFERENCES 48 Appendix Survey Questionnaire 54 Appendix List of individual in-depth interview questions: 59 Appendix Binary regression logistic 61 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Factors influencing students' choice of college model _ 15 Figure Research model _ 16 Figure 3 Graphical Logistic function ( Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc 2008) 19 Figure Percentage student’s choice based on gender _ 27 Figure Percentage of student’s choice _ 27 i LIST OF TABLE Table : Description variables _ 20 Table 1: Frequency gender 26 Table 2: Student’s choice frequency 27 Table 3: Frequency of variables 28 Table 4 Omnibus test of model coefficients 30 Table Model Summary 31 Table Classification table 31 Table Regression logistic result (1) 32 Table Regression logistic result (2) 35 ii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION High school students in general as well as 12th grade students in particular are faced with the important choice of their life, which is to think and choose the major that suits them in the future: after graduation, they will continue study in university or vocational school, or other plan? High school students not have much knowledge, information as well as experience life, so they are quite embarrassing when making decision for their future? In October 2016, the Prime Minister promulgated new regulations on the structure of the national education system and national level framework in accordance with Resolutions 1981 / QD-TTg and 1982 / QD-TTg These are important decisions of the Vietnamese education system According to Prof Lam Quang Thiep, the advantage of these documents is the good application of international standards on educational stratification, especially the division of education into two streams general – academic and vocational - professional education Graduating from high school and continuing to college, university to become a bachelor or engineer is the traditional way that many parents, students have set However, nowadays the tendency to choose the major, student’s choice has changed and they have determined: university is not the only way Instead of having to go to university, many families and students have chosen to study vocational schools to suit their abilities According to data released by the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs and the General Statistics Office, in the second quarter of 2016, there were nearly 1.1 million unemployed laborers, an increase of 16,400 laborers in the first quarter 2016 It is noticeable that up to 191,300 people graduated from university or above have long-term unemployment (over 12 months) Unemployment rates of university-educated people are quite high, so whether high school students also intend to go to university or choose a vocational school in order to get a job soon, to stabilize their lives for themselves and family 1.1 Problem statement The status of lacking workers, human capital flight matter is still happening in Vietnam The unemployment rate of college-educated students is often much higher than that of vocational students So the reason for this problem, is it related to the lack of career orientation for students? In Vietnam, there are two major streams of education: general - academic and vocational - professional education Students will choose what direction to serve their future In addition, what factors affect the choice of the students In cities, students are exposed to a variety of professions, so the trend of college choice is no longer a priority, there has been a slight shift away from college to vocational school However, in rural areas, many families think that only college is a good step for the future They want their children must go to university to have bright future Thus, is this situation happening in Ly Nhan District or not? and What are the factors that affect the choice of college or vocational school for high school students? 1.2 Research Question These question of research were the following:  Question 1: Which factors influencing to student’s choice between university or vocational school?  Question 2: How those factors affect to student’s choice? 1.3 Hypothesis Choosing 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news no 10, organized by MOLISA in coordination with GSO on 17/8/2016 Subject 4, Gender issue in career selection, Grade 10 Career Handbook The Ministry of Education and Training issued Circular No 31/2017 / TT-BGDDT, (2017) Guiding the implementation of psychological counseling for students in high school Prime Minister (2007) Decision No 121/2007 / QD-TTg dated 27/7/2007 of the Prime Minister approving the master plan on the network of universities and colleges in the 2006-2020 period Prime Minister (2010) Directive No 296 / CT-TTG dated 27/02/2010 of the Prime Minister on renovation of higher education management in the period 2010 2012 Prime Minister (2011) Decision No 579/2011 / QD-TTg on approving the Vietnam Human Resources Development Strategy 2011-2020 53 Appendix Survey Questionnaire Nhằm phân tích yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến định chọn học đại học hay trường nghề học sinh trung học phổ thông địa bàn huyện Lý Nhân, tỉnh Hà Nam Quá trình khảo sát trực tiếp quan trọng cho việc nghiên cứu Do đó, cách trả lời số câu hỏi đây, bạn góp phần vào thành công đề tài Tôi mong nhận cộng tác nhiệt tình bạn Hãy yên tâm câu trả lời bạn giữ bí mật tuyệt đối dùng cho mục đích nghiên cứu Trường THPT: Giới tính:  Nam  Nữ Bạn có dự định lựa chọn trường ĐH, cao đẳng, học nghề từ nào?  Chưa có dự định  Từ cấp  Từ lớp 10  Từ lớp 11  Từ lớp 12 Sau học xong THPT, bạn có dự định học nghề hay học lên ĐH?  Học Đại học  Học nghề trường cao đẳng, trung cấp, trung tâm dạy nghề  Không học  Dự định khác Khối ôn thi: A 54 B C D  Khối khiếu  Lựa chọn khác Xếp loại học lực lớp 11  Giỏi  Khá  Trung bình  Yếu Trình độ học vấn Bố  Cấp I  Cấp II  Cấp III  Cao đẳng  Đại học Trình độ học vấn Mẹ  Cấp I  Cấp  Cấp  Cao đẳng  Đại học Bạn có nghĩ việc thi vào trường đại học đường để có việc làm tốt thăng tiến nhanh tương lai hay không?  Có  Khơng 55 Phần 2: ( đánh dấu X vào trống bạn lựa chọn chọn đáp án) STT Lí chọn trường Đồng ý Không đồng ý Yếu tố cá nhân Do sở thích cá nhân Do trường có ngành đào tạo phù hợp với lực thân Do phù hợp với lực học tập thân Do nhu cầu làm việc thành phố Muốn có ĐH Do khơng biết làm khác Yếu tố kinh tế- xã hội ( bao gồm cá nhân ảnh hưởng đến việc chọn trường ) Do cha mẹ, anh chị định hướng Do truyền thống văn hóa gia đình Thầy cô giáo chủ nhiệm, giáo viên hướng nghiệp khuyên bảo Theo ý kiến bạn bè lớp, trường Do người thân, bạn bè (đang, sẽ) học trường giới thiệu 56 *Do xã hội ,nhà tuyển dụng quan trọng đại học Do xu hướng phát triển nghành nghề từ kinh tế thị trường Do văn hóa bên ngồi xâm nhập Yếu tố đặc điểm trường dự thi Do danh tiếng, thương hiệu trường Do trường có ngành đào tạo đa dạng Do trường có ngành đào tạo với nguyện vọng thân Do trường có sở vật chất, trang thiết bị đại Do vị trí địa lí trường học phù hợp Do điểm đầu vào trường phù hợp với lực thân Học phí phù hợp với khả kinh tế Do trường có nhiều chế độ học bổng, sách ưu đãi cho sinh viên theo học Do có thơng tin trường thông qua phương tiện truyền thông, internet, … Yếu tố khả đáp ứng mong đợi Cơ hội có việc làm sau tốt nghiệp Cơ hội có thu nhập cao (ổn định) 57 Cơ hội tiếp tục học lên cao( thạc sĩ, tiến sĩ, ) Cơ hội có địa vị cao xã hội Cơ hội làm việc thành phố Cơ hội làm việc quan nhà nước Cảm ơn hợp tác bạn 58 Appendix List of individual in-depth interview questions: Danh sách câu hỏi vấn sâu cá nhân Hiện bạn làm hay học? - bạn làm nghề gì? - bạn học trường gì, ngành gì? Tại bạn lại chọn trường sau tốt nghiệp THPT? ( bố mẹ định hướng, bạn bè khuyên bảo, thầy khun, …) Bố mẹ bạn có định hướng, hướng dẫn cho bạn việc chọn trường hay không? Thầy cơ, nhà trường có định hướng nghề nghiệp cho bạn không, nào? Trước chọn trường, bạn có tìm hiểu kĩ thơng tin trường khơng? Hiện tại, cơng việc bạn làm có liên quan tới ngành bạn học trường đại học? Khi học trường đại học/trường nghề, bạn có biết cơng việc tương lai nào, làm việc không? Bạn có thấy lựa chọn học trường đại học/trường nghề đắn khơng? Bạn thấy gia đình, nhà trường nên làm để giúp học sinh lựa chọn trường học sau tốt nghiệp THPT cách tốt nhất? (chương trình hướng nghiệp, giới thiệu chi tiết ngành nghề, tìm hiểu sở thích…) 59 Translate: List of individual in-depth interview questions: Are you currently working or going to school (university/vocational school/other)? - What is your occupation? - What school are you studying? Why did you choose that school after graduation high school? (Parents, friends, teacher…) Does your parent have a direction or guidance about your school choice? Did teachers, the school orient about career for you? and how? Before you choose a school, you know school’s information carefully? Is your current job match with what you studied in university/vocational school? When you study a college / university, you know what your future job will look like, how does it work? Do you think that you find the right choice to study your college / university? In your opinion, what should family and school to help students have the best school choice after high school graduation? (career guidance, detailed job descriptions, job interviews, etc.) 60 Appendix Binary regression logistic 61 62 63 ...VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HA BAC FACTORS INFLUENCING TO STUDENT’S CHOICE BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN LY NHAN DISTRICT, ... enter in university This is the first research study about factor influencing student’s choice between university and vocational school in Ly Nhan district At the moment, Ly Nhan has only high schools,... center, and recently has high schools: Ly Nhan high school, Bac Ly high school, Nam Ly high school Ly Nhan High School was established in 1961 Ly Nhan high school is located in the center of the district