The translation methods applied in vietnamese version of the adventures of tom sawyer by mark twain

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FALCULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER THE TRANSLATION METHODS APPLIED IN VIETNAMESE VERSION OF THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER BY MARK TWAIN Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Cam Linh, MA Student: Nguyen Duy Tuan Year of enrolment: QH 2009 HANOI - 2013 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP DỊCH ĐƯỢC ÁP DỤNG TRONG BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA TÁC PHẨM NHỮNG CUỘC PHIÊU LƯU CỦA TOM SAWYER – TÁC GIẢ MARK TWAIN Giáo viên hướng dẫn: ThS Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Linh Sinh viên: Nguyễn Duy Tuấn Khóa: QH 2009 HANOI – NĂM 2013 ACCEPTANCE I hereby state that I: Nguyễn Duy Tuấn, class QH2009.F.1.E25, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Date i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my pleasure to thank those who make this thesis possible First and foremost, I owe my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Linh, M.A, Lecturer of Faculty of English Language Teacher Education, ULIS, VNU This thesis could have probably not completed without her patient, enthusiastic and instructive supervision and encouragement I also would like to express my sincere thanks to all the lecturers in the Faculty of English Language Teacher Education for devoting time and efforts to enrich, broaden and deepen my knowledge, especially on the major of translation and interpretation over the past four years My special thanks go as well to the Faculty of English Language Teacher Education for giving me the opportunity and permission to implement this thesis Besides, I am heartily thankful to my classmates, who have enthusiastically supported and provided me with valuable suggestions I am also deeply indebted to my family for their constant encouragement which motivated me to perform best during the thesis Furthermore, I want to express my special thanks to Ms Công Nhung, class 11E19, who was my inspiration and supported me during the time Lastly, I would like to offer my regards and blessings to all the readers of this paper I appreciate all the constructive comments on it and hope that my study will be useful for those who also take interest in this subject Nguyễn Duy Tuấn ii ABSTRACT Though The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of excellent works by Mark Twain, which has great impacts on American literature, there have been little to no research on the way professional translators translate it into Vietnamese As an attempt to gain more insights into translation methods in literary translation, this research aims to investigate the translation methods used by the two translators Nguy Mong Huyen and Hoang Van Phuong in translating The Adventures of Tom Sawyer into Vietnamese Besides that, the research succeeds in identifying the frequency of every translation methods as well as their effectiveness Finally, some suggestions would also be given These goals were achieved by a research using questionnaire and document observation Questionnaire were delivered to all 4th year students majoring in Translation and Interpreting, FELTE, ULIS, VNU Findings from the study show that there are up to out of translation methods according to Peter Newmark’s theory being used throughout the story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The most common translation method applied is communicative translation – a surprise to the researcher as the most appropriate method which are usually used in literary works is semantic translation method The study also suggests a non-traditional point in translating literary works Moreover, the researcher also suggest some better issues for further research iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCEPTANCE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES i CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the research and practical rationale for the study Aims and objectives Significances of the study Scope of the study Organization of the study CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Definitions of translation Translation methods Error! Bookmark not defined 2.1 The definition of translation methods Error! Bookmark not defined 2.2 Types is of translation methods (Peter Newmark’s theory) Mark Twain and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 12 3.1 Mark Twain 12 3.2 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 13 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 14 Selection of subject 14 Research instrument 15 Data collection procedures 15 Data analysis procedures 16 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17 iv Translation methods applied in the translation of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Nguy Mong Huyen – Hoang Van Phuong 17 1.1 Semantic translation 19 1.3 Faithful translation 28 1.4 Free translation 30 1.5 Idiomatic translation 33 1.6 Adaptation 35 Result of students’ survey 38 2.1 Participants 38 2.2 Time 38 2.3 Process 38 2.4 The result for translation methods applied in translating The Adventures of Tom Sawyer decided by students 39 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 43 Major findings of the study 43 Limitation of the study 44 Recommendations for further study 45 REFERENCES 46 APPENDIX 48 APPENDIX 53 v LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES Page TL: Target language 9 Translation methods applied in The Adventures of Tom 18 Abbreviation SL: Source language Figure Sawyer Table Translation methods applied in translating The Adventures of 40 Tom Sawyer decided by students i CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Statement of the research and practical rationale for the study As the country is increasingly integrating into the world, Vietnam has more and more chances to raise its competitiveness, develop the economy and enhance the living standard for people However, the integration also requires proper conditions and preparations Language difference is one of the most basic one That is why the role of translation is more important than ever It has great impact and relation to many aspects in daily modern life Being aware of the need for qualified translators in the near future, in recent years, the University of Language and International Studies has made great progress in enhancing the quality of training translators and interpreters Being a senior student of the Translation – Interpretation Training Division at University of Language and International Studies - Vietnam National University, researcher decided to make a study on the field of English –Vietnamese translation as the graduation paper to improve my understanding and preparation about my future career Translation is a complex academic field “Translation is not merely an interlinguistic process It is more complex than replacing source language text with target language text and includes cultural and educational nuances that can shape the options and attitudes of recipients.” (Bernacka, 2012) In the field of translation, one key concept which cannot be ignored is the translation methods The concept is not new It is a powerful measure to make the most appropriate translation There are many types of document which need to be translated To make standard translation, the translator has to apply a proper translation method which is suitable with each type of document The understanding and distinguishing of translation methods are still limited and controversial Yet, the main subject of the study is about translation methods In order to make an effective study on translation methods, literary works such as novels, stories and poems are good suggestions Various types of works as well as the flexible contents which need to be transferred to readers enable the study to make a thorough analysis on translation methods Therefore, a study on translation methods in literary should be scientifically conducted As a famous and highly-evaluated short story, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is chosen as the subject of the study More specifically, the Vietnamese version by Nguy Mong Huyen and Hoang Van Phuong is the subject to make comparison with the original one It is regarded as one of the most common and successful literary translation For all those reasons, the study “The translation methods applied in Vietnamese version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain” is conducted to make a better view on the field of translation methods Aims and objectives By researching the work The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain and its Vietnamese version, the study aims to: - Identify all the translation methods which professional translators apply in the translated version The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - Identify the main translation methods which mostly applied in the translated version The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - Make recommendations for further researches on translation studies In order to achieve those goals, the research aims to answer these following research questions: What are the translation methods Nguy Mong Huyen and Hoang Van Phuong applied in the Vietnamese version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain? some dangerous gymnastic performances, nguy hiểm, Tom liếc mắt nhìn thấy cô he glanced aside and saw that the little girl bé quay lưng trở vào nhà was wending her way toward the house Tom came up to the fence and leaned on Tom tiến lại gần, buồn rầu ngả người vào it, grieving, and hoping she would tarry hàng rào, hi v ng cô bé nán lại lát nữa, yet awhile longer She halted a moment chưa vào nhà vội Cô bé bước lên bậc th m, on the steps and then moved toward the đứng lại lát lại bước lên v phía door Tom heaved a great sigh as she put cửa Tom thở dài đánh sượt cô her foot on the threshold But his face lit bé đặt chân qua ngưỡng cửa Nhưng up, right away, for she tossed a pansy over nhiên nét mặt Tom tư i hẳn lên; trước the fence a moment before she vào nhà, cô bé vứt qua hàng rào cho disappeared Tom lan tử la The boy ran around and stopped within a Tom chạy vòng quanh đến cách hoa foot or two of the flower, and then shaded độ vài bước đứng lại, lấy tay che his eyes with his hand and began to look mắt quay v phía đường phố, làm down street as if he had discovered mải nhìn thấy thú vị phía something of interest going on in that direction 10 Presently he picked up a straw and began Rồi Tom nhặt c ng r m để lên mũi, trying to balance it on his nose, with his ngửa mặt lên trời, vừa giữ c ng r m cho head tilted far back; and as he moved th ng vừa lắc người lúc nhích from side to side, in his efforts, he edged lại gần lan tử la Cuối cùng, Tom để nearer and nearer toward the pansy; chân đè lên hoa lấy ngón chân khéo finally his bare foot rested upon it, his léo quặp lấy vật báu nhảy lò cò pliant toes closed upon it, and he hopped thẳng, đến chỗ góc đường lẩn away with the treasure and disappeared round the corner 11 But only for a minute only while he Nhưng lẩn độ phút – đủ could button the flower inside his jacket, để cởi khuy nhét hoa gần vào next his heart or next his stomach, áo, gần trái tim – hay gần dày chưa 51 possibly, for he was not much posted in biết chừng, Tom khơng hiểu biết v anatomy, and not hypercritical, anyway phận c thể người, v điểm Tom không khó tính 12 He returned, now, and about the Tom quay trở lại quanh quẩn chỗ fence till nightfall, "showing off," as hàng rào, tiếp t c trò mua may trổ tài before; but the girl never exhibited herself lúc trước sẩm tối, cô bé again, though Tom comforted himself a khơng thấy ló mặt lần Tuy little with the hope that she had been near nhiên, để tự an ủi, Tom thầm nhủ có lẽ cô bé some window, meantime, and been aware đứng nấp sau cửa sổ thấy of his attentions Finally he strode home rõ tình ý Cuối cùng, thất v ng, reluctantly, with his poor head full of Tom bất đắc dĩ phải quay trở v nhà, đầu óc đáng thư ng tràn ngập không visions biết ảo ảnh PERSONAL DETAILS Name: _Email: _ Class: Telephone: Your personal information is to be kept confidential Thank you very much for your help! 52 APPENDIX Translation methods collected in chapter - Busy with War and Love N.o English version Vietnamese version Translation method Tom presented himself before Aunt Tom v đến nhà vừa gặp lúc dì Polly Polly, who was sitting by an open ngồi bên cửa sổ mở toang, c n window apartment, in a pleasant which breakfast-room, was rearward phịng rộng rãi mát mẻ phía đằng sau bedroom, nhà, c n phòng vừa dùng làm buồng dining-room, and ngủ vừa làm phòng n phòng đ c sách library, combined The balmy summer Trời mùa hạ khơng khí dễ chịu, cảnh vật air, the restful quiet, the odor of the tĩnh mịch êm đ m, hoa th m ngào ngạt, flowers, and the drowsing murmur of đàn ong vo ve ru ngủ, tất the bees had had their effect, and she có hiệu quả: bà c ngồi đan, lim was nodding over her knitting for she dim đôi mắt, đầu lắc la lắc lư muốn had no company but the cat, and it was gật – c Polly ngồi mình, có Semantic Translation asleep in her lap Her spectacles were mèo ngủ nằm tròn lòng làm propped up on her gray head for safety bạn, kính c , c sợ r i nên gài đôi She had thought that of course Tom had g ng lên mái tóc hoa râm cho chắn deserted long ago, and she wondered at C đinh ninh Tom thể trốn seeing him place himself in her power việc ch i từ lâu rồi, nên không khỏi again in this intrepid way ngạc nhiên thấy Tom dẫn xác v , tự đặt quy n c cách gan He said:"Mayn't I go and play now, aunt?" Tom nói: “Bây dì cho cháu ch i chứ?” “Thế nào! Đã đòi ch i c à?Thế "What, a'ready? How much have you công việc làm đến đâu rồi?” done?" “Thưa dì xong hết ạ.” “Này Tom, khơng đư c nói dối, dì chúa 53 Communicative translation ghét đứa nói dối.” "It's all done, aunt." “Thưa dì, cháu khơng nói dối đâu; xong "Tom, don't lie to me I can't bear it." hết thật ạ.” "I ain't, aunt; it is all done." Aunt Polly placed small trust in such Chỉ nghe không thôi, c Polly evidence She went out to see for chưa lấy làm tin cho bà c li n herself; and she would have been tận n i xem có thật khơng, có hai content to find twenty per cent of Tom's mư i phần tr m thật lời Tom nói statement true When she found the c lấy làm hài lòng entire fence whitewashed, and not only Khi c thấy tất chỗ hàng rào whitewashed but elaborately coated and quét vôi tư m tất, quét Communicative translation recoated, and even a streak added to the nước mà quét hai bac nước, ground, her astonishment was almost chân hàng rào quét vạch unspeakable vôi dài, c lại ngạc nhiên khơng tả xiết She said: C nói: “Thật dì khơng ngờ đấy! Việc "Well, I never! There's no getting round q rõ, khơng chối cãi nữa, it, you can work when you're a mind to, cháu để tâm làm làm trị – Tom." And then she diluted the compliment by adding, "But C vừa khen xong vội vã thêm it's câu để làm nhạt bớt tác d ng lời khen powerful seldom you're a mind to, I'm – Nhưng khốn nỗi dì buộc lịng phải bound to say Well, go 'long and play; Communicative translation nhận cháu chịu làm Thôi but mind you get back some time in a đấy, cho ch i, vòng week, or I'll tan you." tuần lễ có lúc phải nhớ mà v nhé, khơng lại chết địn.” She was so overcome by the splendor of C Polly trước thành tích rực rỡ Tom Communicative his achievement that she took him into cảm động quá, dẫn cháu v nhà, mở tủ, translation the closet and selected a choice apple ch n táo ngon cho Tom, and delivered it to him, along with an không quên thuyết hồi v giá 54 improving lecture upon the added value trị hư ng vị đặc biệt and flavor a treat took to itself when it vậy, kết came without sin through virtuous cố gắng theo đường đạo lí effort And while she closed with a đường tội lỗi Trong happy Scriptural flourish, he "hooked" dì Polly kết thúc diễn v n câu v n hoa bóng bẩy lấy Kinh a.doughnut Thánh nghe hay Tom li n “thó” ln bành be-nhê Then he skipped out, and saw Sid just Tom vừa nhà nhảy ngồi Communicative starting up the outside stairway that led gặp Sid đầu cầu thang translation to the back rooms on the second floor ngồi sân lên buồng phía sau gác hai Sẵn Clods were handy and the air was full of có hịn đất, nháy mắt them in a twinkling They raged around khơng khí b i mù, đất cát r i rào rào Sid like a hail-storm; and before Aunt xuống chung quanh người Sid Polly could collect her surprised trận mưa đá, dì Polly sửng sốt chưa faculties and sally to the rescue, six or kịp định thần chạy bổ tới cứu Sid seven clods had taken personal effect, có d m bảy hịn đất ném trúng người Sid and Tom was over the fence and gone Tom nhảy vượt qua hàng rào There was a gate, but as a general thing vườn chạy Thật vườn có he was too crowded for time to make cổng, Tom vội use of it His soul was at peace, now nên chẳng qua lối Từ that he had settled with Sid for calling Tom trả thù Sid v việc nhắc nhở attention to his black thread and getting người khác để ý đến cổ áo Tom khâu him into trouble đen để làm khổ Tom Tom skirted the block, and came round Tom vòng quanh khu nhà rẽ Communicative into a muddy alley that led by the back quặt vào đường nhỏ lầy lội translation of his aunt's cowstable He presently got ngang qua sau chuồng bị dì Polly Đi safely beyond the reach of capture and lát, Tom chắn khơng cịn Idiomatic punishment, and hastened toward the sợ bị bắt v trừng phạt nữa, rẽ rảo translation public square of the village, where two bước v phía quảng trường làng, "military" companies of boys had met n i t h p b n trai, chia thành hai Semantic 55 for conflict, according to previous “đại đội”, hẹn trước đến để đánh translation appointment Tom was General of one of these Tom tướng huy hai đội Communicative armies, Joe Harper (a bosom friend) quân đó, cịn Joe Harper (một thằng bạn translation General of the other These two great nối khố Tom) huy đội quân commanders did not condescend to fight Hai viên đại tướng khơng thèm hạ Faithful in person that being better suited to đích thân xơng vào đánh – việc translation the still smaller fry but sat together on thích hợp với lũ tiểu u h n – mà an eminence and conducted the field ngồi mô đất cao, để Free operations by orders delivered through huy tác chiến thông qua sĩ quan translation aides-de-camp tùy tùng Tom's army won a great victory, after a Sau trận ác chiến kéo dài, quân Tom Communicative long and hard-fought battle Then the đại thắng Hai bên kiểm lại số binh sĩ tử translation dead were counted, prisoners trận, trao đổi tù binh, thỏa thuận với exchanged, the terms of the next v u kiện tranh chấp tới xong, Semantic disagreement agreed upon, and the day ấn định ngày tái chiến Sau đó, translation for the necessary battle appointed; after quân đội hai bên xếp thành hàng ngũ which the armies fell into line and v , cịn Tom trở v nhà marched away, and Tom turned homeward alone As he was passing by the house where Khi qua trước cửa nhà Jeff Thatcher, Semantic Jeff Thatcher lived, he saw a new girl in Tom thấy vườn thấp thống có translation the garden a lovely little blue-eyed bóng cô bé Tom chưa gặp bao creature with yellow hair plaited into giờ, cô bé tuyệt xinh, mắt xanh biếc, Faithful 10 two long-tails, white summer frock and tóc vàng tết thành đơi bím dài, translation embroidered pantalettes The fresh- mặc quần áo mùa hạ trắng, quần crowned hero fell without firing a shot thêu hoa Vị anh hùng vừa đại thắng trận oanh liệt chúng ta, lần chưa bắn phát súng li n ngã g c 11 A certain Amy Lawrence vanished out Hình ảnh bé Amy Lawrence Semantic 56 of his heart and left not even a memory li n bị xóa nhòa trái tim Tom, translation of herself behind He had thought he khơng cịn để lại dấu vết loved her to distraction; he had regarded Trước Tom tưởng yêu Amy his passion as adoration; and behold it đến thành si; Tom cho tình u lên Faithful was only a poor little evanescent đến cao độ, gần giống tôn thờ; translation partiality mà té mối cảm tình nhỏ chẳng có dễ bị tiêu tan He had been months winning her; she Tom tháng rịng tìm cách Semantic had confessed hardly a week ago; he chiếm trái tim Amy Amy translation had been the happiest and the proudest bộc lộ tình u với Tom cách có boy in the world only seven short days, tuần lễ Tom chàng trai sung sướng 12 and here in one instant of time she had kiêu hãnh đời vẻn vẹn có bảy gone out of his heart like a casual ngày trời ngắn ngủ đây, stranger whose visit is done chốc lát, hình ảnh Amy rời khỏi trái tim Tom người khách lạ sau đến ch i th m hỏi xã giao He worshipped this new angel with Tom mê tít, lấm lét nhìn nàng tiên Semantic furtive eye, till he saw that she had giáng trần thấy cô bé translation discovered him; then he pretended he trơng thấy mình, khơng biết có did not know she was present, and cô bé đây, Tom ta bắt đầu giở đủ trò trẻ Communicative began to "show off" in all sorts of ranh lố bịch, cố “giư ng vây” khoa mẽ để translation 13 absurd boyish ways, in order to win her làm cho cô bé phải khâm ph c Tom admiration He kept up this grotesque tiếp t c làm trị lúc lâu, Adaptation foolishness for some time; but by-and- lúc biểu diễn trò by, while he was in the midst of some nhào lộn nguy hiểm, Tom liếc mắt dangerous gymnastic performances, he nhìn thấy bé quay lưng trở vào nhà glanced aside and saw that the little girl was wending her way toward the house 14 Tom came up to the fence and leaned on Tom tiến lại gần, buồn rầu ngả người vào Communicative 57 it, grieving, and hoping she would tarry hàng rào, hi v ng cô bé nán lại lát translation yet awhile longer She halted a moment nữa, chưa vào nhà vội Cô bé bước lên bậc on the steps and then moved toward the th m, đứng lại lát lại bước lên door Tom heaved a great sigh as she v phía cửa Tom thở dài đánh sượt put her foot on the threshold But his cô bé đặt chân qua ngưỡng cửa face lit up, right away, for she tossed a Nhưng nhiên nét mặt Tom tư i hẳn pansy over the fence a moment before lên; trước vào nhà, cô bé vứt she disappeared qua hàng rào cho Tom lan tử la The boy ran around and stopped within Tom chạy vòng quanh đến cách hoa Communicative a foot or two of the flower, and then độ vài bước đứng lại, lấy tay translation 15 shaded his eyes with his hand and began che mắt quay v phía đường phố, làm to look down street as if he had mải nhìn thấy thú vị discovered something of interest going phía on in that direction Presently he picked up a straw and Rồi Tom nhặt c ng r m để lên mũi, Communicative began trying to balance it on his nose, ngửa mặt lên trời, vừa giữ c ng r m cho translation with his head tilted far back; and as he th ng vừa lắc người lúc moved from side to side, in his efforts, nhích lại gần lan tử la Cuối cùng, Idiomatic 16 he edged nearer and nearer toward the Tom để chân đè lên bơng hoa lấy ngón translation pansy; finally his bare foot rested upon chân khéo léo quặp lấy vật báu it, his pliant toes closed upon it, and he nhảy lò cò thẳng, đến chỗ góc hopped away with the treasure and đường lẩn disappeared round the corner But only for a minute only while he Nhưng lẩn độ phút thơi – đủ Communicative could button the flower inside his để cởi khuy nhét hoa gần vào translation jacket, next his heart or next his áo, gần trái tim – hay gần 17 stomach, possibly, for he was not much dày chưa biết chừng, Tom khơng hiểu Idiomatic posted in anatomy, hypercritical, anyway and not biết v phận c thể translation người, v điểm Tom không khó tính 18 He returned, now, and about the Tom quay trở lại quanh quẩn chỗ Semantic 58 fence till nightfall, "showing off," as hàng rào, tiếp t c trò mua may trổ tài translation before; but the girl never exhibited lúc trước sẩm tối, cô herself again, though Tom comforted bé khơng thấy ló mặt lần Idiomatic himself a little with the hope that she Tuy nhiên, để tự an ủi, Tom thầm nhủ có translation had been near some window, meantime, lẽ cô bé đứng nấp sau cửa sổ and been aware of his attentions Finally thấy rõ tình ý Cuối cùng, he strode home reluctantly, with his thất v ng, Tom bất đắc dĩ phải quay trở v nhà, đầu óc đáng thư ng poor head full of visions tràn ngập khơng biết ảo ảnh All through supper his spirits were so Bữa c m tối hơm đó, Tom vui vẻ khác Communicative high that his aunt wondered "what had hẳn m i người, làm cho dì Polly phải translation got into the child." He took a good ngạc nhiên không hiểu “thằng bé có 19 scolding about clodding Sid, and did not chuyện gì” Tom bị dì mắng v tội ném seem to mind it in the least He tried to đất vào người Sid, Tom bất steal sugar under his aunt's very nose, chấp không thèm quan tâm chút Tom and got his knuckles rapped for it tìm cách thó đường trước mắt dì, li n bị đánh vào ngón tay He said: Tom nói: Communicative “Thế dì khơng đánh thằng Sid translation "Aunt, you don't whack Sid when he lấy đường dì?” takes it." 20 Faithful "Well, Sid don't torment a body the way you You'd be always into that sugar if I warn't watching you." “Thằng Sid khơng có tệ q mày translation Mày để sểnh lúc n v ng đường được.” Idiomatic translation Presently she stepped into the kitchen, Một lát sau, c Polly xuống bếp Đắc chí Communicative and Sid, happy in his immunity, reached khơng sợ bị dì đánh mắng, Sid thị tay translation 21 for the sugar-bowl a sort of glorying với bình đường, thái độ kẻ đắc over Tom which was wellnigh thắng, làm cho Tom tức tưởng đến lộn Idiomatic unbearable But Sid's fingers slipped ruột lên Nhưng Sid tuột tay, bình translation 59 and the bowl dropped and broke Tom đường r i xuống đất, vỡ tan mảnh was in ecstasies In such ecstasies that Tom khoái quá, cố giữ im lặng, Tom Free he even controlled his tongue and was định khơng nói nửa lời dì translation silent He said to himself that he would bếp lên, ngồi yên not speak a word, even when his aunt dì hỏi thủ phạm Bấy came in, but would sit perfectly still till Tom nói Thật đời khơng she asked who did the mischief; and thú vị thấy cháu yêu cháu quý then he would tell, and there would be dì, đứa trai gư ng mẫu “bị nothing so good in the world as to see ấy” that pet model "catch it." He was so brimful of exultation that he Tom thích chí quá, phải cố Communicative could hardly hold himself when the old giữ vẻ thản nhiên, c Polly translation lady came back and stood above the bếp lên thấy việc dổ vỡ tai hại đó, wreck discharging lightnings of wrath tức giận đứng nhìn, mắt long lên đôi Faithful 22 from over her spectacles He said to kính trễ sống mũi, Tom nghĩ thầm, translation himself, "Now it's coming!" And the “đã đến lúc đấy”, li n sau Tom next instant he was sprawling on the nằm đất, bàn tay phũ floor! The potent palm was uplifted to phàng dì Polly gi lên sửa giáng strike again when Tom cried out: "Hold on, now, what 'er xuống Tom vơi kêu to: you “Đánh cháu? Cháu làm mà đánh Free belting me for? Sid broke it!" cháu? Thằng Sid đánh vỡ bình đường translation chứ.” Aunt Polly paused, perplexed, and Tom 23 Dì Polly ngừng tay, lúng túng khơng biết Communicative looked for healing pity But when she xử trí Cịn Tom nhìn dì van translation got her tongue again, she only said: l n xin dì rủ chút lịng thư ng cho "Umf! Well, you didn't get a lick amiss, I reckon You been into some other audacious mischief when I wasn't around, like enough." đỡ khổ Bà c lặng thinh khơng nói nữa, sau nói câu: “Hừ! Mày tưởng phải đòn oan Tao đánh mày v tội mày lếu láo giở trò tinh nghịch táo bạo trước 60 tao vắng Thôi tha cho.” Then her conscience reproached her, Nói xong bà c lại hối muốn nói Communicative and she yearned to say something kind vài lời ng t ngào âu yếm với Tom, translation and loving; but she judged that this lại nghĩ làm vậy, 24 would be construed into a confession chẳng hóa nhận lỗi cịn Semantic that she had been in the wrong, and thể thống khn phép Vì c đành translation discipline forbade that So she kept nín thinh bỏ làm công việc khác, silence, and went about her affairs with lịng bứt rứt khơng n a troubled heart Tom sulked in a corner and exalted his Tom dỗi chạy vào xó ngồi, nghĩ Communicative woes He knew that in her heart his aunt thêm cay đắng Tom biết translation was on her knees to him, and he was thâm tâm dì muốn xin lỗi Tom; lòng Tom 25 morosely gratified by the consciousness vừa buồn rầu vừa nhận thấy Faithful of it He would hang out no signals, he u Tom định khơng để lộ translation would take notice of none tí bên ngồi không thèm để ý đến dấu hiệu khác He knew that a yearning glance fell Tom biết dì lại liếc nhìn Communicative upon him, now and then, through a film mình, qua màng nước mắt cách hết translation of tears, but he refused recognition of it sức thiết tha, Tom không muốn He pictured himself lying sick unto biết đến Tom hình dung ốm Faithful 26 death and his aunt bending over him chết nằm giường, dì Polly translation beseeching one little forgiving word, but cúi xuống cầu xin lời tha thứ he would turn his face to the wall, and Tom quay mặt vào tường, kh ng kh ng Idiomatic die with that word unsaid khơng chịu nói nửa lời hồn lìa translation khỏi xác Ah, how would she feel then? And he Lúc dì nghĩ nào? Rồi Tom lại Semantic pictured himself brought home from the tưởng tượng có người vớt xác translation 27 river, dead, with his curls all wet, and Tom ngồi sơng đưa v nhà, tóc his sore heart at rest How she would qu n ướt dính bết, trái tim đau đớn Idiomatic throw herself upon him, and how her Tom khơng cịn đập Dì Polly translation 61 tears would fall like rain, and her lips ơm chồng lấy xác cháu, nước mắt pray God to give her back her boy and mưa, môi mấp máy cầu xin Chúa ban she would never, never abuse him any phúc trả lại cho thằng cháu xin more! But he would lie there cold and hứa không bao giờ, không white and make no sign a poor little đối xử với cách tàn tệ oan uổng sufferer, whose griefs were at an end Nhưng Tom nằm đó, lạnh cứng trắng bệch trước mắt dì, thằng bé đau khổ đáng thư ng chết đi, dứt hết m i nỗi phi n não đời He so worked upon his feelings with the Trí tưởng tượng nung nấu, Tom Communicative pathos of these dreams, that he had to nghĩ miên man, giấc m trở translation keep swallowing, he was so like to nên bi thảm làm cho Tom không ngừng 28 choke; and his eyes swam in a blur of nuốt nước mắt thấy muốn nghẹt Semantic water, which overflowed when he thở Mắt Tom đẫm lệ, chìm ngập translation winked, and ran down and trickled from nước lờ mờ chớp the end of his nose chớp đôi lông mi lại trào chảy ròng ròng theo đầu mũi xuống And such a luxury to him was this Tom tìm thấy khối cảm đặc biệt Communicative petting of his sorrows, that he could not việc ấp ủ vuốt ve đau khổ translation bear to have any worldly cheeriness or mình, làm cho Tom khơng thể any grating delight intrude upon it; it chịu đựng vui sướng hão Semantic was too sacred for such contact; and so, huy n đời hay hân hoan translation presently, when his cousin Mary danced lạc điệu đến xen vào đó; khối cảm 29 in, all alive with the joy of seeing home Tom thiêng liêng quá, không Idiomatic again after an age-long visit of one thể để có đ ng chạm được, translation week to the country, he got up and cho nên, lát sau, Mary, c moved in clouds and darkness out at one Polly, vào, vừa vừa nhả chân door as she brought song and sunshine sáo, nhanh nhẹn, với nỗi vui sướng in at the other trở v nhà sau tuần lễ v quê ch i, tuần lễ xa nhà tưởng chừng dài 62 kỉ, Tom nhỏm dậy, theo cửa bên ngồi, đàu óc bao phủ lớp mây đen ảm đạm, vừa lúc Mary từ cửa khác vào, mang theo ánh nắng mặt trời lời ca gi ng hát He wandered far from the accustomed Tom lang thang đi, tránh xa n i Communicative haunts of boys, and sought desolate b n trai làng thường hay lui tới, translation places that were in harmony with his tìm chốn cảnh vât tiêu u phù spirit A log raft in the river invited him, hợp với tâm trạng Dưới sơng có Idiomatic and he seated himself on its outer edge bè gỗ chào đón Tom Tom translation 30 and contemplated the dreary vastness of xuống ngồi bè gỗ, gần mạn bên the stream, wishing, the while, that he ngồi, ngắm nhìn mặt nước mênh mang Free could only be drowned, all at once and ảm đạm, muốn đam đầu xuống sông translation unconsciously, without undergoing the chết qch cho rảnh, chết khơng cịn uncomfortable routine devised by biết nữa, khơng phải qua thể thức không thú vị chút tạo hóa nature vạch Then he thought of his flower He got it Tom nhớ đến lan tử la Tom lấy Free out, rumpled and wilted, and it mightily hoa áo Hoa nát héo translation increased his dismal felicity He khơ, khối cảm u uất lại t ng Tom wondered if she would pity him if she tự hỏi rõ cảnh ngộ Semantic 31 knew? Would she cry, and wish that she Em có thư ng khơng? translation had a right to put her arms around his Khơng biết Em có khóc cầu mong neck and comfort him? Or would she có quy n qng tay ơm cổ để Adaptation turn coldly away like all the hollow an ủi khơng? Hay quay lưng đi, world? lãnh đạm tất cõi đời vơ vị This picture brought such an agony of Những ý nghĩ làm cho Tom Communicative 32 pleasurable suffering that he worked it đau khổ, đồng thời vui translation over and over again in his mind and set sướng, Tom cố ấp ủ vuốt ve, lật lật lại it up in new and varied lights, till he đưa trước ánh sáng Semantic 63 wore it threadbare At last he rose up khác nhau, kì khơng cịn hứng translation sighing and departed in the darkness thú Cuối cùng, Tom đứng dậy, thở dài tiếng đêm Idiomatic tối translation About half-past nine or ten o'clock he Vào khoảng chín rưỡi, mười giờ, Tom Communicative came along the deserted street to where đến phố Người đẹp vô danh Phố vắng translation the Adored Unknown lived; he paused a tanh, Tom dừng lại lát, tai không 33 moment; no sound fell upon his nghe có thấy tiếng động Một ng n Adaptation listening ear; a candle was casting a dull nến chiếu sáng lờ mờ vào rèm glow upon the curtain of a second-story cửa sổ gác ba Phải ch ng biểu Free window Was the sacred presence there? có mặt thiêng liêng ai? translation He climbed the fence, threaded his Tom trèo qua hàng rào vườn, nhẹ Communicative stealthy way through the plants, till he nhàng luồn qua đám đến đứng translation stood under that window; he looked up cửa sổ Tom hồi hộp, ngước mắt lên nhìn 34 at it long, and with emotion; then he laid cửa sổ lúc lâu nằm dài xuống đất, him down on the ground under it, mặt ngửa lên trời, đôi bàn tay chắp để disposing himself upon his back, with ngực, hoa héo tội nghiệp his hands clasped upon his breast and cầm tay holding his poor wilted flower And thus he would die out in the cold Tom muốn chết chết Semantic world, with no shelter over his homeless giới lạnh lẽo này, translation head, no friendly hand to wipe the đầu khơng có mái nhà che, chết death-damps from his brow, no loving khơng có người bạn thên để lau Free face to bend pityingly over him when hộ cho gi t mồ tốt trán translation 35 the great agony came And người chết, khơng có thus she would see him when she mặt thân yêu thư ng hại cúi xuống Adaptation looked out upon the glad morning, and với bắt đầu c n hấp hối Sáng oh! would she drop one little tear upon mai mở cửa sổ đón ánh sáng mặt trời his poor, lifeless form, would she heave tư i vui nhìn xuống, Em thấy anh one little sigh to see a bright young life Em i! Khơng biết Em có rỏ gi t so rudely blighted, so untimely cut lệ nhỏ xuống xác không hồn 64 down không? Không biết Em có khẽ thở dài tiêngs đời son trẻ rực rỡ nhường bị chôn vùi cách phũ phàng vào lúc nửa chừng xuân hay không? The window went up, a maid-servant's Cửa sổ mở Có tiếng nói ơng Adaptation discordant voice profaned the holy người hầu gái làm ô tr c yên tĩnh calm, and a deluge of water drenched thiêng liêng đêm khuya vắng, Free nước đâu đổ xuống thác vào translation the prone martyr's remains! xác nằm sóng sồi chàng trai “tử 36 The strangling hero sprang up with a đạo” tội nghiệp relieving snort There was a whiz as of a Vị anh hùng bị sặc nước vội translation missile in the air, mingled with the đứng dậy, miệng phun phì phì, cảm murmur of a curse, a sound as of thấy nhẹ nhõm hẳn người Có tiếng giống Faithful shivering glass followed, and a small, đạn rít, xen lẫn tiếng người lẩm bẩm translation vague form went over the fence and chửi rủa! Sau có tiếng kính loảng shot away in the gloom xoảng, bóng đen nhỏ lờ mờ nhảy qua Communicative hàng rào biến vào đêm tối Not long after, as Tom, all undressed for Một lát sau, Tom v nhà thay quân áo Communicative bed, was surveying his drenched ngủ, mang chỗ quần áo ướt sũng translation garments by the light of a tallow dip, xem xét ánh ng n nến mỡ bò Sid woke up; but if he had any dim idea lù mù Sid thức dậy; Sid có Idiomatic of making any "references to allusions," ý nghĩ lờ mờ muốn nói “bóng gió” translation 37 he thought better of it and held his Tom phải biết suy nghĩ h n peace, for there was danger in Tom's muốn n thân khơng dám mơi Adaptation eye đơi mắt Tom có trơng đáng sợ Tom turned in without the added Tom lên thẳng giường nằm không bị thêm vexation of prayers, and Sid made tội phải cầu kinh trước ngủ, mental note of the omission Sid tâm niệm ghi nhớ khuyết điểm 65 ... version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. ” Research instrument The main instrument of the study is also its subject, the story The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in English by Mark Twain and... Phuong applied in the Vietnamese version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain? 2.4 The result for translation methods applied in translating The Adventures of Tom Sawyer decided by students... applied in the Vietnamese version of ? ?The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? ?? by Mark Twain? The reason for choosing extraction is similar to the one for choosing sample for examining translation methods applied