Ẩn dụ ý niệm biểu hiện kinh tế được dùng như cơ thể con người trong báo nytimes com và fica vn 2013 linguistics

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES o0o HỒ THỊ HẢI YẾN CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR DENOTING “ECONOMY” AS “HUMAN BODY” IN NYTIMES.COM AND FICA.VN (2013) Ẩn dụ ý niệm biểu “kinh tế” dùng “cơ thể người” báo nytimes.com fica.vn (2013) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi, 2014 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES o0o HỒ THỊ HẢI YẾN CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR DENOTING “ECONOMY” AS “HUMAN BODY” IN NYTIMES.COM AND FICA.VN (2013) Ẩn dụ ý niệm biểu “kinh tế” dùng “cơ thể người” báo nytimes.com fica.vn (2013) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Dr Huỳnh Anh Tuấn Hanoi, 2014 DECLARATION Title: “Conceptual metaphor denoting “economy” as “human body” in the nytimes.com and fica.vn (2013)” I hereby declare that the master thesis is my own original work under strict guidance of my supervisor All sources used for the thesis have been fully and properly cited No part in the thesis has been copied or reproduced by me from any other person‟s work without acknowledgements Hanoi, 8th October, 2014 Hồ Thị Hải Yến i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Huỳnh Anh Tuấn for his great patience, encouragement, ceaseless academic support and insightful comments Without his guidance and contributions, the present study would have never seen the light My great thankfulness is also given to all my lecturers of the Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for their ideas to my paper and many thanks to all my friends who have been always willing to help and give their best suggestions during the time of collecting necessary data and information for the study Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to my whole family who were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best wishes Hanoi, 8th October 2014 Hồ Thị Hải Yến ii ABSTRACT Metaphors are rhetorical figures used to express one thing which is more abstract or unfamiliar in terms of another thing which is more familiar and concrete Metaphor has often been regarded as a special language use characteristic of poetry and drama, but in the ground-breaking work Metaphors We Live By (2003), Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphor is, in fact, a fundamental structuring mechanism in the way we interact with and perceive the world around us Studies have also shown metaphor to be common not only in everyday language but also in language of economy Having chosen Lakoff and Johnson‟s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (2003) as the analytical framework, 74 metaphorical expressions from English and Vietnamese newspapers were analyzed to address how conceptual metaphor denoting “economy” as “human body” works in English and Vietnamese newspapers as well as indicate the similarities and differences between both languages in terms of this conceptual metaphor It aims to enhance the effectiveness of teaching, learning and translating conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION……………………………… …………………………………………………i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the study .1 Aims and objectives 2.1 Aims of the study .2 2.2 Objectives .2 Scope of the study Significance of the study 4.1 In terms of theory .3 4.2 In terms of practice Method and procedures 5.1 Research questions 5.2 Research method 5.3 Data collection 5.4 Data analysis Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT .6 CHAPTER I: THEORICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW .6 1.1 Theorical Background 1.1 Cognitive linguistics 1.2 Cognitive Semantics 1.2.1 Definition of cognitive semantics 1.2.2 Main tenets of cognitive semantics .7 1.2.2.1 Conceptual structure is embodied 1.2.2.2 Semantic structure is conceptual structure .7 1.2.2.3 Meaning representation is encyclopedic 1.2.2.4 Meaning construction is conceptualization 1.3 Conceptual Metaphor Theory .8 iv 1.3.1 Metaphor 1.3.1.1.Traditional views on metaphor .9 1.3.1.2.Metaphor in the light of cognitive linguistics 1.3.2 Conceptual metaphor 10 1.3.2.1 Definition of conceptual metaphor 10 1.3.2.2 Classification of conceptual metaphor 11 1.3.2.2.1 Structural metaphor 11 1.3.2.2.2.Orientional metaphor 12 1.3.2.2.3 Ontological metaphor 12 1.3.2.3 Metaphorical mapping 13 1.3.2.3.1 Mapping principles 13 1.3.2.3.2 Image schema .14 1.3.2.3.3 Metaphorical entailment .14 Literature Review 15 Contrastive Analysis 16 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 Research questions .18 Research method 18 Research procedures 18 Data analysis 19 4.1 Data collection 19 4.2 Data analysis .20 4.2.1 Data analytical framework 20 4.4.2.Data analytical units 21 CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS 22 Conceptual metaphor denoting economy as human body in nytimes.com in 2013 22 1.1 Stages of economy system are stages of human body development 22 1.2 Aspects of economy are organs of human body 22 1.3 Appropriate economic conditions are healthy human body conditions 23 1.4 Inappropriate economic conditions are unhealthy human body conditions 24 1.5 Solutions to the economy are treatments to the human body 26 1.6 Recovery of economy is recovery of human body 26 1.7 Collapse of economy is the death of human body 27 2.2 Aspects of economy are organs of human body 28 v 2.4 Inappropriate economic conditions are unhealthy human body conditions 29 2.5 Solutions to economy problems are medical treatments to human body problems 30 2.6 Recovery of economy are recovery of human body 31 2.7 Collapse of economy are collapse of human body 31 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 32 Similarities and differences between conceptual metaphor denoting economy as human body in nytimes.com and fica.vn (2013) 32 PART C: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS .35 Conclusion 35 Implications 36 2.1 Implications to Translation Practice 36 2.2 Implications to Foreign Language Teaching .37 Limitations and suggestions for further studies 37 REFERENCES .39 APPENDICES VIII APPENDIX I APPENDIX II IX vi PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study It is indisputable that economy has a close relationship with human beings and human society since economic growth is considered as a foremost contributor to sustained progress in human development Given the global trends emerging these days when nations‟ budget focuses more on boosting economy, the number of economics studies is proliferating considerably Specifically, language of economy is one of burning concern of reasearchers (e.g Boers, 2000; Charteris-Black, 2000; Broone & Feyaerts, 2005) Thebreakneck speed of global economic evolution has provided the language of economy with constant changes and innovations In recent times, cognitive linguistics has become an exponentially essential discipline of modern psycholinguistics in language studies Among researched issues dealing with cognitive linguistics is cognitive semantics which focuses on metaphor – a specific mental mapping that provides a foundation of human conceptualization In the view of the classic theory, metaphor is regarded as a special language use characteristic of poetry and drama However, according to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory as initiated by Lakoff and Johnson (1987), used as a theoretical framework for this paper, metaphor is not just a poet‟s tool for aesthetic, rhetorical purposes but rather pervasive in everyday life and plays an indispensible role in defining the way people perceive the world and the way we interact with the world Our conception of abstract concept is achieved by virtue of a more concrete concept, thus creating what is called a “conceptual metaphor” The prevalence of metaphors within the concept – economy is a pivotal topic of research In 1983, McCloskey, in The Rhetoric of Economics recognized the importance of metaphor in economic contexts McCloskey argues that economy is metaphorical in nature and economic texts are “heavily metaphorical”(McCloskey, 1983:502) Economic expressions such as “economic growth”, “infant industry”, “mature economy”, “underdeveloped”, “depression”, “human capital”, etc are, in fact, used widely and frequently Of all the areas of economy that rely on metaphors to convey abstract ideas, perhaps the most interesting is the study of economy as human body Metaphorically, the economy is regarded as human body with natural cycles of growth, decline and death How economy can be conceptualized as human body in English and Vietnamese newspapers and how conceptual representations vary across languages and cultures will be illustrated in my research entitled: “Conceptual metaphor denoting “economy” as “human body” in nytimes.com and fica.vn (2013)” Considering the limited size of the material, the results of the study may probably not be generalized, but they can hopefully contribute to spark a brief insight into conceptual metaphors denoting economy as human body in English and Vietnamese online newspapers Furthermore, they are considered to be important to specialist translators, English for Special purposes (hereafter ESP) teachers and students in understanding and interpreting these conceptual metaphor expressions efficiently, as well as to non-native writers who may be better equipped to produce economic texts Aims and objectives 2.1 Aims of the study As the title of my paper suggests, my primary aim is to investigate how conceptual metaphor denoting “economy” as “human body” are manifested in English and Vietnamese online newspapers, nytimes.com and fica.vn respectively in 2013 in the light of cognitive perspective 2.2 Objectives The study is intended to fulfill the following objectives: - To analyze the concept of “economy” metaphorically expressed as “human body” in two eminent English and Vietnamese online newspapers, namely nytimes.com and fica.vn respectively in the year of 2013 - To discover and explain the similarities and differences between conceptual metaphors denoting “economy” as “human body” in nytimes.com and fica.vn in 2013 Recovery of economy are recovery of human body 1.Today's figures are an encouraging sign the economy is healing [49] It certainly looks like Ireland is recovering from near economic collapse [51] The British public is increasingly skeptical about its membership in the European Union, whose single currency is just starting to recover from a near-death experience.[52] Nhà đầu tư rút tiền khỏi vàng đổ tiền vào tài sản rủi ro cổ phiếu kinh tế toàn cầu hồi phục.[27] (Investors withdrew money from gold and poured it into riskier property like stock when the global economy recovered) Collapse of economy is death of human body With this act of economic suicide [53] The economy is still largely in ruins [54] The economy has faltered [55] The British public is increasingly skeptical about its membership in theEuropean Union, whose single currency is just starting to recover from anear-death experience [52] Các doanh nghiệp vừa nhỏ Việt Nam chết dần [29] (Big and small enterprises are steadily dying) VII APPENDIX II ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS Chris, B (2013) China Reports Modest Acceleration in Growth as it Plans for Economic Changes International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/18/business/international/china-reports-modestacceleration-in-growth-as-it-plans-for-economic-changes.html?_r=0 Binyamin, A (2013) Two Economies in Tuirmoil for Different Reasons International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/business/economy/two-economies-in-turmoilfor-different-reasons.html?gwh=3D23E3514AF62D9A8C397323EEB69B7E&gwt =pay Annie, L (2013) Revision Shows U.S Growing at Fastest Rate since 2013 International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/21/business/economy/third-quarter-us-growth-at4-1-rate-in-new-estimate.html Paul, K (2013) The Fear Economy International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/27/opinion/krugman-the-fear-economy.html?_ r=0 The associated press (2013) Economy is Showing New Signs of Strength International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/06/business/economy/economy-is-showing-newsigns-of-strength.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1396630838-5cIhoMOTwujA/6YAyy H/zQ VIII Nicholas, K (2013) Slowdown in Germany Worries Euro zone International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/world/europe/slowdown-ingermany-worries-euro-zone.html Nelson, D.(2013) Job Growth Eases Fears about Effect of Closing International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/09/business/economy/usunemployment-rate-rises-to-7-3-204000-jobs-added.html?pagewanted=all Bettina, W.(2013) Signs of Growth in Chinese Economy International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/25/business/international/25ihtyuan25 html Bettina, W (2013) Chinese Economy Picks up Steam in Last Quarter International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/business/global/chinese-economy-picks-upsteam-in-last-quarter.html 10 Nelson, D (2013) Few Gains Despite Better Economy International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/09/17/us/few-gains-despite-bettereconomy.html?gwh=D5CA0540C9C0667421BC08A8CB4FB2A3&gwt=pay&_r=0 11 Lendon, Th (2013) Emerging but No Longer a Mother Lode of Profits International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/05/business/international/emerging-but-nolonger-a-mother-lode-of-profits.html?_r=0 12.David, B & Chris, B (2013) Beijing Signals a Shift on Economic Policy International New York IX Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/25/business/global/beijing-signals-a-shifton-economic-policy.html?_r=0 13 Ben, H & Rick, G (2013) Arab Spring Countries Find Peace is Harder than Revolution International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/15/world/middleeast/egypt-bloodshed-may-be-illomen-for-broader-region.html?ref=world 14 Jim, Y (2013) Mutiny Halts Italian Gambit by Berlusconi International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/03/world/europe/italy-politicscoalition-government-enrico-letta-silvio-berlusconi.html 15 Fares, A.(2013) Gaza‟s Economy Suffers from Egyptian Military‟sCrackdown International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/25/world/middleeast/gazas-economy-suffersfrom-egyptian-crackdown.html 16 Paul, K.(2013) Expanding Social Security International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/opinion/krugman-expanding-socialsecurity.html?gwh=658F8A7FCB5EB408D4210BC8A574A1A5&gwt=pay 17 David, M.(2013) I.M.F Criticize Ukraine Plan for Economy International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/20/business/international/imfreleases-rebuke-of-ukraines-financial-strategy.html?_r=0 18 Paul, K (2013) Why Inequality Matters International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/16/opinion/krugman-why-inequality-matters.html 19 Chip, B (2013) North Dakota Went Boom International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/magazine/north-dakota-went-boom.html2 X 20 Gregory, M (2013) In Fed Policy, the Exit Music may be Hard to Hear International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/business/in-fedpolicy-the-exit-music-may-be-hard-to-hear.html 21 Michael, B (2013) Quinn Agrees to Negotiate on Paid Sick International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/27/nyregion/quinn-agrees-tonegotiate-on-paid-sick-leave.html 22 Chip, B (2013) At Leisure or Still at Work International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/10/business/retirementspecial/at-leisure-or-stillatwork.html?pagewanted=all&gwh=DF8AF89B895BDC017B0C633E19A03A59& gwt=pay 23 Jack, E (2013) Banks Focus on Recovery is Miring Europe‟s Economic Growth International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/31/business/global/banks-focus-on-recovery-ismiring-europes-economic-growth.html?pagewanted=all&gwh=1E1DACA118 432C5CBFDD6158FACD7548&gwt=pay 24 The Editorial Board (2013) India in Reserve International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/09/opinion/india-in-reverse.html?_r=0 25 Reuters (2013) Egypt Elections to Begin in April International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/22/world/middleeast/egypt-elections-tobegin-in-april.html 26 John, H (2013) Next Big Challenge for Health Law Carrying it out International New York Times XI http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/us/politics/next-big-challenge-for-health-lawcarrying-it-out.html 27 Michael, B (2013) House Hunting in Costa Rica International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/greathomesanddestinations/househunting-in-costa-rica.html 28 Oliver, B (2013) Who Goes to Work to Have Fun International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/opinion/burkeman-are-we-having-funyet.html?gwh=A9299308EF3FA565BD8C4AA44F1637F1&gwt=pay 29 Sachs Jeffrey, D (2013) On the Economy, Think Long Term International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/opinion/on-the-economythink-long-term.html?_r=0&gwh=DEBD33A4FB86C1D70BF18 1ABD0A93C39&gwt=pay 30 Paul, K (2013) Hitting China Wall International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/19/opinion/krugman-hitting-chinas-wall.html?g wh=A226F3CF014892D194A66E3E14BAE137&gwt=pay 31 Hugo, D (2013) The City of London as Savior of EU Finance International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/20/business/global/the-city-oflondon-as-savior-of-eu-finance.html?_r=0 32 Tanzina, V (2013) Eye on Emerging Markets Firm Invests in Startup International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/business/media/eye-on-emerging-marketsfirm-invests-in-start-up.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1411532211-5RMUoDJOq Oy5jqfH6vtx5w XII 33 The Associated Press (2013) Economic Growth steady across us International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/05/business/economy/economic-growth-steadyacross-us.html 34 Bettina, W (2013) The European Central Banks Inflation Conundrum International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/business/international/the-european-centralbanks-inflation-conundrum.html?pagewanted=all 35 Bettina, W (2013) Asian Markets React to China Central Bank International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/27/business/global/asianmarkets-react-to-china-central-bank.html 36 David, E (2013) South Korea Network Crashes International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/world/asia/south-korea-computernetwork-crashes.html?pagewanted=all 37 Jackie, C (2013) Obama Outlines Plans for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/07/us/politics/obama-fannie-mae-freddiemac.html 38 Victo, Ng (2013) China‟s Economic Empire International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/opinion/sunday/chinas-economicempire.html 39 Paul, K (2013) The Money Trap International New York Times.www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/opinion/krugman-the-money-trap.html?_r=0 XIII 40 Reuters (2013) Vice Premier Urges Reduction in State Control of China‟s Economy International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/business/global/vice-premier-urges-reductionin-state-control-of-chinas-economy.html 41 Hugo, D (2013) Margaret Thatcher, „Iron Lady” who set Britain on New Course, Dies at 87 International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/09/world/europe/former-prime-minister-marga ret-thatcher-of-britain-has-died.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 42 The Editorial Board (2013) Wrong Prescription for Greece International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/opinion/wrong-prescriptio n-forgreece.html 43 Andrew, H (2013) Europe Facing More Pressure to Reconsider Cuts as a Cure International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/world/europe/eu-is-pressed-to-reconsidercuts-as-economic-cure.html 44 Hugo, D (2013) Jobs Data Eases Fears of Economic Slowdown in US International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/04/business/economy/us-adds-165000jobs-in-april.html?_r=0 45 Bettina, W (2013) Asian Economies Strengthen as Demand for Exports Growth International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/02/business/international/asian-economiesstrengthen-as-demand-for-exports-grows.html?gwh=1778B5592C97BDC9A B9F79C1AAEEBA69&gwt=pay XIV 46 Nathaniel, P (2013) Banks Revive Risky Loans and Mortgages International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/19/business/banks-revive-riskyloans-and mortgages.html?gwh=4BCF58C4620122F9C9681416D8294E1D&gwt=pay 47 Stephen, C (2013) Weak Growth, but Britain Avoids Triple-Dip Recession International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/26/business/global/britain-avoids-triplediprecession.html?_r=0&gwh=6EE0BFA2D27E2096B09EF73B85DECA91&gwt=pay 48 Hugo, K (2013) Japans Economy on Road to Recovery, Central Bank Says International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/business/global/japans-economy-on-road-torecovery-central-bank-says.html?gwh=4F48AAE7F445A46A66354BA2577606 EF&gwt=pay 49 Liz, A (2013) Hardships Linger for a Mending Ireland International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/business/international/as-bailoutchapter-closes-hardships-linger-for-irish.html 50 Stephen, C (2013) With Britain Haunted by Iraq a Harsh Lesson for Cameron International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/31/world/europe/with-britain-haunted-by-iraq-aharsh-lesson-for-cameron.html?gwh=2EC638F5AE1456D4A451E5DD870CB97 C&gwt=pay 51 David, R (2013) Under My Thumb International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/opinion/egan-under-my-thumb.html XV 52 Annie, L (2013) Slaves of the Internet Unite International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/opinion/sunday/slaves-of-the-internetunite.html 53 David, S & Sanjay B (2013) How Austerity Kills International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/opinion/how-austerity-kills.html 54 Stephen, C (2013) Setting Pace Ireland Predicts December Exit from Bailout International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/14/world/europe/setting-pace-ireland-predictsdecember-exit-from-bailout.html?_r=0 55 Annie, L (2013) The Low Politics of Economic Growth International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/sunday-review/the-low-politicsof-economic-growth.html 56 The Associated Press (2013) Slovenia Falls from Economic Grace, Struggling to Avert a Bailout International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/06/business/global/06iht-slovenia06.html? pagewanted=all 57 Hugo, D.(2013) Europe Truths International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/02/opinion/global/roger-cohen-europestruths.html 58 Hugo, D (2013) EU Market Needs to be Opened Up More International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/29/business/global/eu-market-needsto-be-opened-up-more.html XVI 59 Michael, B (2013) Boom Times in Paraguay Leave Many behind International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/25/world/americas/boom-times-in-paraguayleave-many-behind.html?pagewanted=all 60 The Associated Press (2013) Japanese Economy Contracts and Remains in Recession International New York Times.http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/14/business/global/japanese-economycontracts-and-remains-in-recession.html?_r=0 61 The Associated Press (2013) Nike Profit Rises Despite Weak China Sales International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/business/nikeprofit-rises-despite-weak-china-sales.html 62 Steve, L (2013) Questions of Policy and Leadership Dog before Meeting in Russia International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/05/world/europe/a-dimi nished-obama-heads-torussia-for-g-20-meeting.html?pagewanted=all 63 Michael, K (2013) Oracle and Sale Forces –a Data Sharing Deal International New York Times http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/oracle-and-salesforce-adata-sharing-deal/ 64 John, H (2013) A Financial Lifesaver Thrown by Creditors Weighs Cyprus Down International New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/a-financial-lifesaver-thrown-bycreditors-weighs-cyprus-down.html?pagewanted=all XVII VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS Tường Vi (2013) Bộ Trưởng Tài Chính – Tơi Chưa Hiểu Nhiều TTCK(I have not known well about stock market) Fica http://fica.vn/chung-khoan/bo-truong-taichinh -toi-chua-hieu-nhieu-ve-ttck 3566.html Minh, C (2013) TS Quách Mạnh Hào: Năm 2014 TTCK Sẽ Khó Tăng Trưởng (Stock market in 2013 will be difficult to grow) Fica.http://fica.vn/chung-khoan/tsquach-manh-hao nam-2014-ttck-se-kho-tang-truong-3609.html Phương Linh (2013) Những Nền Kinh Tế Tốt Nhất Năm 2013 (The best economies in 2013) Fica http://fica.vn/quoc-te/nhung-nen-kinh-te-tot-nhat-nam2013-4525.html Hữu Đạo (2013) Dồn Sức “Làm Mới” Doanh Nghiệp (Put effort to “renew” enterprises) Fica.http://fica.vn/dong-chay-von/don-suc-%E2%80%9Clamkhoe%E2%80%9D-doanh-nghiep-4539.html Yên Trang (2013) Thắng Đậm Về Tỉ Giá Và Thị Trường Vàng (Win huge exchange rate and gold market) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/nam-2013 thang-damve-ti-gia-va-thi-truong-vang-4574.html Phương Linh (2013) Kinh Tế Toàn Cầu Sẽ Tăng Trưởng Mạnh Trong Năm 2014 (Global economy will grow strong in 2014) Fica http://fica.vn/quoc-te/kinhte-toan-cau-se-tang-truong-manh-trong-nam-2014-814419.htm Mai Chi (2013) Chứng Khoán Quý IV Sẽ Khả Quan Hơn Quý III (Stock in quarter IV will be better than in quarter III) Fica http://fica.vn/chung-khoan/chung-khoan-quy-iv-se-kha-quan-hon-quy-iii 918.html Thảo Nguyên (2013) Kinh tế Việt Nam Cầm Cự Chờ Nguồn Lực Mới (Vietnamese economy contends waiting for new force) Fica.http://fica.vn/dong- XVIII chay-von/kinh-te-viet-nam %E2%80%9Ccam-cu-cho-nguon-lucmoi%E2%80%9D-4661.html Hiền, Ng (2013) Ngân Hàng – Con Tin Của Các Tập Đoàn Kinh Tế Tư nhân (Bank- hostage of private eonomic corporations) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/nganhang -%E2%80%9Ccon-tin%E2%80%9D-cua-cac-tap-doan-kinh-te-tu-nhan1558.html 10 Hoài, Ng (2013) Xử Lý Nợ Xấu Bằng “Ngậm Sâm” (Dealing with bad debt by) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/xu-ly-no-xau-bang-%E2%80%9Cngamsam%E2%80%9D-vamc-1911.html 11 Anh Ngọc, Tr (2013) Dân Italy Sành Điệu Bắt Đầu Chuyển Dùng Hàng Giả (Stylish Italians get to use fake goods) Fica.http://fica.vn/quoc-te/dan-italy%E2%80%9Csanh-dieu%E2%80%9D-bat-dau-chuyen-dung-hang-gia-539.html 12 Lan Phương (2013) Bò Ngoại “Húc Chết” Bò Nội (Foreign cows “butt” domestic cows) Fica http://fica.vn/tien-va-hang/bo-ngoai-%E2%80%9Chucchet%E2%80%9D-bo-noi-7683.html 13 Khánh Hà (2013) VNH- Cổ Phiếu “Điên” Nhất 2013? (VNN- the most crazy Share in 2013) Fica.http://fica.vn/chung-khoan/vnh,-co-phieu%E2%80%9Cdien%E2%80%9D-nhat-2013-1460.html 14 Đức, Ph (2013) TTCK: Cảm Hứng Thiên Đường Dự Cảm Địa Ngục (Stock market: the inspiration of the paradise and prediction of the hell) Fica http://fica.vn/kinh-doanh/ttck-cam-hung-thien-duong-va-du-cam-dia-nguc789505.htm 15 Thảo Nguyên (2013) Vẫn Mờ Nhạt Chân Dung Người Nông Dân Việt Nam (Still fuzzy portrait of Vietnamese farmer) Fica http://fica.vn/doanh-nhan/doi- XIX thoai/van-mo-nhat-%E2%80%9Cchan-dung-nguoi-nong-dan-vietnam%E2%80%9D-2994.html 16 Hiền Ng (2013) Năm 2013 Điểm Nóng Ngành Ngân Hàng (2013boiling pot of Banking) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/nam-2014-va%E2%80%9Cdiem-nong%E2%80%9D-cua-nganh-ngan-hang-6698.html 17 Thanh Huyền (2013) Chờ Cơ Chế Bán Nợ Xấu Cho Nhà Đầu Tư Ngoại (Waiting for the policy of selling bad debt to foreign investors) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/cho-co-che-ban-no-xau-cho-nha-dau-tu-ngoai-336.html 18 Anh Hoa (2013) “Bánh” Quảng Cáo Truyền Thông Đang Biến Dạng (“The cake” of media advertising is deforming) Fica.http://fica.vn/tien-vahang/%E2%80%9Cbanh%E2%80%9D-quang-cao-truyen-thong-dang-bien-dang983.html 19 Phương Dung (2013) Nhà Đầu Tư Ngoại Muốn Tăng Quyền Trên Thị Trường BĐS (Foreign investors want to improve power on real estate market) Fica.http://fica.vn/bat-dong-san/nha-dau-tu-ngoai-muon tang-quyen tren-thitruong-bds-2696.html 20 Phương Dung (2013) Kinh tế Chậm Phục Hồi, Bất Động Sản Sẽ Không Sốt (Economy recovers slowly, real estate will not “hot”) Fica.http://fica.vn/bat-dongsan/thi-truong/kinh-te-cham-phuc-hoi,-bat-dong-san-se-khong sot 14229.html 21 Lê, Đ (2013) Việt Nam Bật Khỏi Club 7% (Vietnam gets out of “club 7%:) Fica http://fica.vn/dong-chay-von/viet-nam-bat-khoi-%E2%80%9Cclub-7%E2%80%9D-755.html 22 Xuân Ba (2013) Nỗi Buồn mMang Tên “Bình Thống Đốc” (The sadness named “ Governor Bình ”) Fica http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/noi-buon-mang-ten binhthong-doc 334.html XX 23 Phương Linh (2013) Ai Sẽ Thống Trị Kinh Tế Toàn Cầu? (Who will control global economy?) Fica http://fica.vn/quoc-te/ai-se-thong-tri-kinh-te-toan-cau3090.html 24 Hữu Thắng & Chi Phương (2013) Nhật Bản Duy Trì Chính Sách Tiền Tệ Siêu Nới Lỏng (Japan keeps ultra-loose monetary policy) Fica http://fica.vn/quocte/nhat-ban-duy-tri-chinh-sach-tien-te-sieu-noi-long-77.html 25 Bích Ngọc (2013) Khơng thể ném tiền vào tiêu không hiệu (Don‟t throw money then spend it ineffectively) Fica.http://fica.vn/tai-chinh/khong-thenem-tien-vao-roi-tieu-khong-hieu-qua-3445.html 26 Hữu Đạo (2013) Dồn Sức Làm Khỏe Doanh Nghiệp (Put effort to strengthen enterprises) Fica http://fica.vn/dong-chay-von/don-suc-%E2%80%9Clamkhoe%E2%80%9D-doanh-nghiep-4539.html 27 An Hạ (2013) Giá Vàng Phục Hồi – Tuần Chỉ Tăng Gần 200.000 Đồng/Lượng (Gold price recovers – only increases to 200 000 VNĐ/lượng in a week) Fica http://www.fica.vn/tien-va-hang/gia-vang-phuc-hoi,-1-tuan-chi-tanggan-200.000-dong-luong-3527.html 28 Huấn Tú (2013) Đại Phẫu Thuật CTCK 2013 – Đổi Vận Hay Lặng Lẽ Chết? (Huge surgery for stock companies in 2013 – change fortune or quietly die?) Fica http://fica.vn/chung-khoan/dai-phau-ctck-2013 doi-van-hay-lang-le-'chet'3518.html 29 Lê Nhân (2013) Các Doanh Nghiệp Vừa Nhỏ Việt Nam Đang Chết Dần (Vietnamese small and medium enterprises are steadily dying) Fica http://fica.vn/doanh-nghiep/cac-doanh-nghiep-vua-va-nho-viet-nam-dang-chet-dan4072.html XXI ... HỒ THỊ HẢI YẾN CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR DENOTING “ECONOMY” AS “HUMAN BODY” IN NYTIMES. COM AND FICA. VN (2013) Ẩn dụ ý niệm biểu ? ?kinh tế? ?? dùng ? ?cơ thể người? ?? báo nytimes. com fica. vn (2013) M.A Minor... economy as healthy human body conditions can be found in both nytimes. com and fica. vn Besides, lexical units employed in the nytimes. com shows more comparable features such as “doing well, “strong”... between conceptual metaphors denoting “economy” as “human body” in nytimes. com and fica. vn in 2013 - To make some suggestions for teaching, learning and translating conceptual metaphors denoting “economy”