cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve chu nghia t\i ban, nhat la van de nhan thiic dung din, c6 cd sci ly luan va thiic tien ve ban chat ciia chii nghia t\i ban, ve nhiing mau [r]
(1)"DIEN BIEN HOA BINH" VA "TlT DIEN B I E N " TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY
P G S T S V A N DirC T H A N H *
Cuo'i the ky XX, nhan loai phai giat minh canh tinh trxidc ba nguy cd 16n: mot Id, chien tranh cong nghe cao chii nghia de quoc tien hanh, v6i bo mat "chien tranh sach" nhUng d^ng sau la hiem hoa hdn tat ca cac hiem hoa trxXdc; hai Id, "dien bien hod binh" cung ciia chu nghia de quoc, cai cong cu da lam tan nhiing cUdng quoc tijfng la t r i ciia hoa binh va each mang the gi6i, dieu ma moi cuoc chien tan kho'c tru6c ciia chii nghia phat xit khong the lam noi; ba Id, "each mang sac mdu" sii cong sinh giOa "dien bien hoa binh" va bao loan chinh tri -ma tac gia mot Ian niJa khong khac chinh la chii nghia de quoc, mot cong cu khac giai quyet not phan lai cua chien tranh cong nghe cao va "dien bien hoa binh"
Co the thay ro rang la, chu nghia xa hoi ci Lien X6 sup khong phai chien tranh xam lUdc ciia chii nghia de quoc ma chinh sU t r i tre ve kinh te - xa hoi ciing sai Mm ciia Dang va Nha nu6c, va chinh la that bai trif6c "dien bien hoa binh" Tiep sau su sup ciia Lien X6 la sii tan he thong xa hoi chii nghia d Dong Au, roi cdc cugc "each mang sac mdu' - mot di ban
* Vien K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n van quan sU, Bo Quoc phong
ciia "diln bien hoa binh" c6 ket hdp v6i yeu to bao loan, lat -cung dufdc chii nghia de quoc thuc hien cong d mot loat nxXdc Nhin nhan khai quat ve cuoc bao loan, lat d mot so' nvf6c, CO the thay, mac dii c6 nhiJng diem khong giong nhau, nhUng "each mang difdng pho", "each mang nhung", "each mang da cam" chi la nhiing ten goi khac de chi mot san pham "sang tao" ciia chii nghia de quoc: cong nghe gldnh chinh quyen thong qua bieu tinh Thiic chat, day la nhiing cuoc dao chinh lat do chinh quyen theo kieu diing "bao liCc diidng pho\c biet nguy hiem quan chiing bi kich dong bdi nhiing trung tam quyen liic t i i ben ngoai luon r^p tam "due nii6c beo c6"
Sau Lien X6 va cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia Dong Au sup do, chii nghia de quoc ciing cac the liic phan dong quoc te se diing moi thii doan, ke ca man kich "each mang nhung" de chong pha cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia lai, c6 Viet Nam Tren thiic te, da c6 nhiing dau hieu cho thay chiing ta can het silc canh giac nh^m chong lai am miiu, thii doan nguy hiem nay ciia cac the liic thii dich, dac biet la giai quyet nhiing mat trai chkc chkn se sinh qua trinh Viet Nam hoi nhap nen kinh te the gi6i "Dien bien hoa binh" dii la mot ke hoach rat cong phu ciia cac the liic thii dich nhifng ciing se khong c6 dat dien neu noi bo dat niidc ta khong xuat hien nhiing diem tiia thuan Idi cho chiing Noi each khac, "dien bien hoa binh" chi lam cong viec nhan niit ket thiic qua trinh "tiC dien bien" da chuan bi tien de day du
(2)"dien bien hoa binh" la noi den am mUu, thu doan tong the cua chu nghia de quoc va cac the IvJc thu dich hong lam chuyen hoa che chinh tri cua ta tH ben ma khong can phai sii dung den bao luc vu trang de can thiep Ve thiic chat, neu chien tranh la ke tuc cua chinh tri bSng thu doan bao Ixic vu trang mang tinh nha nxidc thi "dien bien hoa binh" ciing chinh la ke tuc cua chinh tri, nhUng bing thu doan phi bao Ivfc vii trang Chufa the coi tinh trang thoai hoa, bien chat song chUa dung den che chinh tri va nha nif6c la "dien bien hoa binh" Tuy nhien, chinh s\i thoai hoa, bien chat ciia doi ngii lai la tien de, mam mong ciia sii bien chat che chinh tri, va no thuoc ve pham trii "tvi dien bien" Thanh thii, "tii dien bien" luon chiia diing noi ham rong hdn, va diidc day len den miic phd bien thi chic chin se triic tiep dkn thing den lam bien chat che chinh tri Nhin tong the thi c6 the thay am miiu, thu doan cua cac the \\ic thu dich hong chuyen hod che ta bang "dien bien hod binh" la het silc nguy hiem, nguy hiem nhd't Id khai thdc nhQng mam mong vd khd ndng "tit dien bien" de chuyen hoa ta ca ve chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, dao diic, loi song
"Tu" diin bien" ve chinh tri la qua trinh ma che chinh tri tu "doi mau" Dang hi suy yeu iii tinh trang suy thoai ve chinh tri, t\i tUdng, dao diic, loi song, te tham nhiing va tieu cue , dac biet la to chiic bi tii phan hoa Dang mat vai tro lanh dao chinh quyen nha nxidc, dan den quan chung mat long tin, nga theo "phe doi lap" v6i chieu bai "xa hoi dan chii", da nguyen chinh tri, da dang doi lap; chu nghia xa hoi se bien dang, chuyen hoa chu nghia ixi ban Ke ca trifdng hdp Dang va Nha nxidc ta kien dinh chii nghia xa hoi, nhiing mot bo phan can bo, dang vien bat man, thi cac the \xlc thu dich se hau thuin, giup dd de ho tranh thu quan chung, hinh "phe 254
doi lap", tao dvfng "ngon cd" thong qua dau tranh nghi trifdng, gay siic ep tifng hxidc buoc ta nhudng bo, va cuoi cung d^n den mat che Cac hinh thilc chuyen hoa la trxic tiep, nhifng kho xay neu doi ngii can bo chii tri ciia Dang va Nha nMdc viing manh, doan ket, luon canh giac dau tranh v6i cac thii doan chia re ciia ke thii Dieu cang cho thay, chohg "di§n bien hoa binh" phu thuoc rat 16n vao chong "tu dien bien"
"TiC dien bien" ve kinh te\k cd sd tang kinh te nhiing tri tre, yeu kem hoac sii de dai chap nhan "giiip dd" mot each v6 nguyen tac ma chuyen hoa kinh te thi trifdng ixi ban chii nghia, tif che chinh tri txi "doi mau" Su chuyen hoa se dien neu mo hinh kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hoi chii nghia cham phat huy tac dung, nen kinh te gap kho khan 16n, phan kinh te nha nxidc khong giu! dUdc vai tro chii dao, sU quan ly kinh te ciia Nha nif6c khong hieu qua Cac the lUc thu dich se thiic day kinh te thi triidng txi phat trien theo hxidng txi ban chii nghia, den mot giai doan nao do, sd hxiu txi nhan txi ban chii nghia giii vai tro chi pho'i cd sd tang kinh te, ve thiic chat da chuyen hoa kinh te txi ban chii nghia, thi kien triic thiidng tang xa hoi chii nghia chi ton tai tren danh nghia va thuc siJ da "doi mau" Tinh chat "txi diSn bien" noi ro d cho ta mac nhiing sai lam, thieu sot quan ly kinh te - xa hoi, hoac kinh te c6 tang trifdng nhiing le thuoc vao kinh te txi ban; cong bang xa hoi bi cha dap, phan ciic xa hoi gay gat, quan chiing nhan dan bat man, chong do'i Qua trinh "tii dien bien" cang nguy hiem dieu kien cac the liic thu dich CO tiem liic kinh te manh hdn ta nhieu lin
(3)thiic va to chiic cong dong Dieu se lam sinh nhfing mau thu&n xa hoi mdi rat phiic tap, neu Dang va Nha niidc cham c6 nhiJng giai phap thiet thiic, dong bo thi rat c6 the lam chuyen hoa nhiing mau thuin xa hoi mau thuan chinh tri, xay ra nhiing bien dong bat on ve chinh tri cac quan he xa hoi Cac cuoc khieu kien dong ngiidi di giai quyet nhiJng chinh sach xa hoi ddn thuan la binh thiidng, song bi ke thu Idi dung rat c6 the se chuyen hoa cac cuoc bao loan chinh tri cac the \\ic thu dich Idi dung lam bung no "diem nong" gay bien dong, pha vd nen tang chinh tri ciia che ta
"Ti/ diSn bien" ve van hod - gido due - ddo tao the hien d sii du nhap quan diem, t\i tUdng, van hoa, loi song, gia tri phifdng Tay Mot mat, cac the lUc thvi dich thong qua cac chiidng trinh diia can bo ta nu6c ngoai hoc tap, nghien ciiu bang nhieu nguon yon khac nhau, nhat la nguon tai trd nxidc ngoai, hong tao mot "the he can bo than phifdng Tay", sau nim dan cac ciidng vi yeu nen kinh te - xa hoi va tham chi trong he thong chinh tri Mat khac, thong qua viec hdp tac dao tao tai Viet Nam, chiing siic truyen ba cac quan diem xa la hong gat ho he ti/ tiidng cdch mang lap triidng cua giai cap cong nhan ta Ve linh wxLc van hoa ciing vay, siJ de cao qua dang chuan mvic gia tri i\i san, thap gia tri cua chii nghia xa hoi, loi hoan toan cho che chinh tri ve nhiing tieu ciic trong ddi song van hoa - xa hoi, hien tUdng xuyen tac lich sii, boi nho lanh tu, gieo rac sU hoai nghi, hoang mang nhan dan, tham chi Idi dung cac phiJdng tien truyen thong de truyen ba da nguyen chinh tri, da dang doi lap ciing chinh la "tii diln bien"
De day manh siJ nghiep dau tranh phong, chong "dien bien hoa binh", ro rang triidc het can c6 "cd the xa hoi lanh manh", trong dac biet quan la xay diJng he thong chinh tri
(4)"TU* D I E N B I E N " , " T U " C H U Y E N H O A " -Bl/OiC D A U N H A N D I E N
V A G I A I P H A P P H O N G , C H O N G
T h i e u W n g , P G S T S N G U Y E N V I N H T H A N G *
1 V a n de " t i i dien bien" xet tuf goc la stf suy giam, suy thoai ve mat c h i n h t r i , t\i tiidng, dao diic, loi song d^n den " t i t chuyen hoa" t r o n g to chiic, ngiidi, trxidc het la t r o n g to chvtc dang, to chiic bo may nha nxidc, doi ngu can bo, dang vien, n h a t la can bo chu chot cua Dang va N h a nii6c da tijfng d i l n ci L i e n X6 va cac nii6c xa hoi chu nghia Dong A u Cuoi cung, cung v6i "dien bien hoa b i n h " va cac nguyen n h a n khac da lam cho che xa hoi chu nghia ci L i e n X6 va cac nif6c xa hoi chu nghia b Dong A u sup khong phai bang chien t r a n h v u t r a n g , ma bang p h i v u t r a n g , bang "dien bien hoa b i n h " de thiic day qua t r i n h " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tvf ben
N h a n thiifc ro t i n h chat nguy hiem ciia chien IxiOc "dien bien hoa binh", cua " t i i d i l n bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tac dong cua "dien bien hoa b i n h " doi v6i sii ton vong cua Dang, cua che xa hoi chu nghia; y thiic ro "t\i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" dang la nguy CO hien hiiu, ro rang, het sxic nguy hiem d niidc ta hien nay,
* V i e n t r U d n g V i e n K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n v a n quan s U , Bo Quoc phong
Bao cao chinh t r i cua Ban Chap hanh T r u n g Udng Dang khoa X tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thiif X I cua Dang da nhan manh: noi bo, "nhi3ng bieu hien xa rdi muc tieu cua chu nghia xa hoi, "ttt dien bien", "txi chuyen hoa" c6 dien bien phiic tap"'
N h i i vay, ci n\i6c ta hien nay, " t u dien bien", " t u chuyen hoa" v6i cac m i j f c khac n h a u noi bo, trifdc het la moi can bo, dang vien la mot thiic te dang ton t a i , mot nguy c d c6 that dang hien hiSu ddi song V a n de dat la phai nghien ciiu nhan dang ve t i n h chat, noi dung, miic do, pham v i bieu hien, nguyen nhan ciia "tU dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" va dieu quan trong, cap bach hdn la phai t i m diidc n h i i n g giai phap phong, chong " t u dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" can bo, dang vien
" T i i dien bien", "tU chuyen hoa" can bo, dang vien ci
nxidc ta h i e n dUdc de cap ci day la qua t r i n h "txi dien bien" theo chieu hif6ng suy giam, suy thoai ("tU dien bien" c6 the dien ra theo ca chieu tien bo, phat t r i e n theo each hieu ve "txi dien bien" noi chung) Va tijf "txi dien bien" den mot miJtc nao se chuyen sang "txi chuyen hoa" can bo, dang vien, c6 the t\i tijfng ngiidi den doi ngii; til chuyen hoa ngiidi, doi ngii can bo, dang vien se c6 the d i n den " t i i chuyen hoa" ciia ca mot to chiic, n h a t la to chiic dang va nha nxidc neu chiing ta khong c6 n h i i n g bien phap phong, chong h i i u hieu
"Txi dien bien" t r o n g can bo, dang vien hien c6 the diidc bieu hien ci ca t r o n g nhan thiic, niem t i n va h a n h dong Do la sii suy giam ve txi tUdng chinh t r i , cang xa r d i muc tieu ciia chii nghia xa hoi, xa r d i ly tUdng chien dau v i doc lap dan toe va chii nghia xa hoi, xa r d i chii nghia Mac - L e n i n , t i i tiicing Ho C h i M i n h , xa r d i difdng loi ciia Dang Do la sxi suy giam niem t i n
1 D a n g Cong s a n V i e t N a m : Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc thiiXI, Sdd, tr 29
(5)vao thang Idi cua chu nghIa xa hoi, vao thang Idi cua cong cuoc doi in6i dat nii6c v i doc lap dan toe va chii nghla xa hoi, suy giam niem t i n vao sii lanh dao cua Dang, vao s\i quan ly, dieu hanh ciia Nha nxidc, vao pham chat va nang lUc ciia dpi ngii can bp, dang vien, nhat la can bp chu chot Do la s\i suy giam ve pham chat dao dtfc, loi song, cang xa rPi nhiing pham chat, chuan m\ic ve dao dilc, loi song xa hpi chu nghia, trifdt dan sang dao dilc, loi song txX san, quay ve v6i nhiJng thoi hif, tat xau cua dao dilc, loi song phong kien
"Tii dien bien" can bp, dang vien c6 the dien trxXdc het moi can bp, dang vien v6i cac mtfc dp va bieu hien cu the khac ve pham chat chinh t r i t\i tiidng, dao dilc, loi song Neu khong dUdc phat hien, phong, chong kip thdi t h i se dan dan Ian rpng theo nhieu chieu hxidng: t\i can bp cap thap den can bp cap cao, t\i can bp cap cao xuong can bp cap thap; tvf mot so i t can bp, dang vien den so dong can bp, dang vien; iii ca nhan moi can bp, dang vien den to chiic ma ca nhan can bp, dang vien cong tac, sinh hoat
"Til dien bien" va " t i i chuyen hoa" la hai k h a i niem c6 npi ham khac nhifng "t\i dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" lai gan ket v6i mot qua t r i n h van dong, bien ddi cua sii vat, hien tiidng, to chiic, ngiidi Qua t r i n h dien "tvf dien bien" cung la qua t r i n h dien " t i i chuyen hoa" nhUng dang d nhiSng gi6i han nhat dinh Nhiing den mot luc nao t h i iii " t i i dien bien" se d&n t6i " t i i chuyen hoa" toan bp; luc sii vat, hien tifdng, to chiic, ngifdi se thay doi hoan toan ve ban chat "Tvf chuyen hoa" hit dau hkng " t i l dien bien" va " t i l dien bien" se di tcii " t i l chuyen hoa" nhilng dieu kien nhat dinh N h u vay, nhan thUc ciing nhil hoat dong thilc tien phai quan t a m den ca van de phong,* chong ca " t u dien bien" va "tu chuyen hoa" Tuy nhien, xet d khia canh sil thay doi ve chat
thi hai qua t r i n h "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" win c6 t i n h dpc lap tUdng doi ciia no Theo do, k h i de giai phap phong, chong CO the va can phai de ca giai phap phong, chong doi v6i ca van de "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" noi chung va de giai phap phong, chong " t i l dien bien" rieng, giai phap phong, chong " t i i chuyen hoa" rieng
"Tu di§n bien", ' t i i chuyen hoa" dien tif ben sii vat, hien tUdng, to chile, ngUdi, cu the hdn la no dien moi can bp, dang vien Theo do, dieu quan trpng viec xac dinh, t i m kiem nguyen nhan ciia qua t r i n h "tU dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" la phai di t i m nguyen nhan t i i chinh sU vat, hien tifdng, to chile, ngifdi can bp, dang vien Tuy nhien, khong the khong t i n h den nhilng nguyen nhan ben ngoai se cung v6i cac nguyen nhan ben de tao nen hdp lilc thiic day qua t r i n h " t i l di§n bien", " t i l chuyen hoa"
2 Ve nguyen nhan cua qua t r i n h " t i l dien bien", " t i l chuyen
hoa" can bp, dang vien hien c6 the ke den cac nguyen nhan nhil:
(6)ThUc te cho thay, tu: s\i sup cua mot mo h i n h xa hoi chu nghia cu the, t h i e u phifdng phap xem xet d u n g dan va n h i e u nguyen n h a n khac nen c6 ngUdi da voi quy ket, cho r^ng, la sii sai l a m cua he thong ly l u a n Mac - L e n i n ! Trong luc do, CO mot nghich ly la, chu nghia t\i ban mac dau la mot che xa hoi day r&y ap hvLc, bat cong, x a u xa, t h o i nat, v6i nhieu m a u
t h u i n khong the khac phuc diidc n h i i n g l a i biet dieu c h i n h , t h i c h n g h i de t o n t a i va c6 mat phat t r i e n ! Tif c6 ngufdi bat dau b a n khoan, lo lang, t h a m c h i n g h i ngd va suy giam n i e m t i n vao muc t i e u , ly tiicing xa hoi chu nghia; n g h i ngd, suy giam n i e m t i n vao diidng xa hoi chu nghia ma chung t a da liia chon D a n g l i i u y la, mot so' ngifdi da c6 dip triic tiep den cac nifdc t\l ban, difdc xem xet xa hoi t\i ban n h i i n g chi d cac t h a n h pho' Idn v6i ve be ngoai hao nhoang, cong v6i sU vuot ve, che day cua cao hoc gia t\i san nen da voi vang ngo n h a n ve chu nghia t\i ban, tH da r a siic t a n dufdng, cd suy cho dUdng t i i ban chu nghia! Co the la mot bu:6c k h d i dau cua qua t r i n h "tU dien b i e n " tii ben t r o n g cua moi ngiidi, cua moi can bo, dang vien, n h a t la nhiJng ngiidi t h i e u thong t i n , hoac tiep n h a n thong t i n k h o n g c h i n h xac, khong day du ve chu nghia xa hoi va chu nghia t i i ban
Co mot thiic te la, t r o n g luc k h a n g d i n h chu n g h i a xa hoi la mot che tot dep, \iu viet so v6i che t\i b a n c h u nghia, nhUng t r o n g thiic te xay d i i n g chii n g h i a xa hoi, c6 luc, c6 ndi, CO mat, CO l i n h viic cua ddi song xa hoi chung t a chUa h i e n thiic hoa diidc day d u t i n h vfu viet cua chu n g h i a xa h o i t r e n thuc te, n h a t la t r o n g qua t r i n h xay dvtng, p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, v a n hoa, xa hoi P h a m chat, nang liic, phifdng phap, tac phong cong tac cua mot bo p h a n can bo, dang vien c6 nhiJng h a n che, bat cap, nha't la te quan lieu, t h a m nhung, lang phi Theo 262
giiJa l y t h u y e t , l y l u a n va t h i i c te, thUc t i e n v i n c6 n h i i n g k h o a n g each n h a t d i n h , tH l a m cho n h i i n g ngUdi k h o n g d u k h a n a n g , d i e u k i e n de t u ly g i n i mot each eo cd sci
k h o a hoc t h i se d a n den n g h i ngd, suy g i a m n i e m t i n vao c h u n g h i a xa h o i
Tijf t r a n g t h a i chien t r a n h chuyen sang hoa b i n h xay diing da't n\X6c, tii cd che tap t r u n g , quan lieu, bao ea'p sang cd che' t h i triidng, md ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te la mot qua t r i n h chuyen ddi ra't 16n ca t r o n g n h a n thiic cung n h i i t r o n g t d chiic thiie t i i n , n h i e u viec chung t a p h a i vita l a m viia r u t k i n h nghiem, chua he CO t i e n le t r o n g lich sii Chiing t a chUa lUdng het diide svf tac dong tii mat t i e u cvfc ciia cd che t h i t r i i d n g , mci ciia, hoi nhap qudc te, do chua chuan h i t h a t ky ve n h a n thiic t\i tiicing Cling nhif nang \\ic to chiic hoat dong thiic tien, do khong t r a n h k h o i n h i i n g h a n che, k h u y e t diem, va'p vap Day cung la dieu k h o n g the t r a n h k h o i t r e n diidng phat t r i e n , nha't la qua t r i n h ddi mdi da't nxidc
Dae biet, sii cho'ng pha het siic quyet liet v6i n h i e u am mufu, t h i i doan t i n h v i , xao quyet ciia cac the liic t h u dich ddi v6i each m a n g nxidc ta bang chien lifdc "dien bien hoa b i n h " de thiie day qua t r i n h " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i ben t r o n g theo k i c h ban ma cac the liie t h u dich da thiie hien d cac nxidc xa hoi chu nghia Dong A u va L i e n X6 trifdc day D i e u dang quan t a m la, chien lUde "dien bie'n hoa b i n h " ma cac the liie t h u dich t r i e n k h a i cho'ng pha each m a n g nxidc t a l a i dien r a t r o n g dieu k i e n chiing t a dang thilc hien cd che t h i trifdng, mci ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te
Thiic hien cd che t h i trifdng, md ciia, hoi nhap quo'c te, cving v6i n h i i n g mat t i c h ciic la n h i i n g mat t i e u ciic tac dong den dao diic, 16'i so'ng ciia can bo, dang vien va n h a n dan Cac the liic t h u
(7)dich da va dang tan dung dieu kien de thiic hien tan cong chong pha chung ta, chung da sii dung phifdng thiic: khong triic dien tan cong vao chinh tri, ma di diiOng vong, tan cong vao dao
diic, loi song de lam cho can bo, dang vien loang dan, nhat dan chinh t r i v6 san, xa dan chinh t r i v6 san de chuyen sang chinh tri tu: san bat dau t\i sii sa doa ve dao diic, loi song, thvic hien qua trinh "tU dien bien" tii dao diic, lo'i song den "tii dien hien" ve t\i tiidng chinh t r i Day la miii tan cong ciic ky tham doc, nguy hiem v6i kich ban, bii6c di la: t i l thifc hien "dien bien hoa binh" de thuc day qua trinh "tv( dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tij: ben moi can bo, dang vien
Dat nxidc tii trang thai chien tranh chuyen sang trang thai xay dting dieu kien hoa binh; tir cO che tap trung, bao cap sang cd che thi trildng; t\i quan he v6i mot so nxidc xa hoi chu nghia sang md ciia, hoi nhap quan he v6i nhieu nxidc tren the gidi Trong luc do, doi ngii can bo, dang vien chiia diidc chuan hi ky ve nhan thiic, t i i tiidng, ve nang Ixic hoat dong thvfc tien va ca phiidng phap, tac phong cho s\i chuyen doi to 16n nen khong it can bo, dang vien da lung tung nhan thiic va hanh dong Dac biet la, mot bo phan can bo, dang vien da khong
tich ciic hoc tap, ren luyen de kip thdi thich iing vdi dieu kien
mdi, vdi cd che mdi, nhat la kha nang "txi mien dich", kha nang "tu de khang" triidc sii tac dong ixi mat tieu ciic ciia cd che thi triidng, md ciia, hoi nhap quoc te Them vao do, cac the liJc thu dich trien khai chien lUdc "dien bien hoa binh" tan cong chong
pha doi ngii can bo, dang vien ve chinh t r i , txi tUdng, dao diic,
loi song Sii cong hufcing ciia cac nguyen nhan da lam cho mot bo phan can bo, dang vien "tiJ dien bien" va c6 ngiidi da "tii chuyen hoa" Dung nhxi Dang ta da nhan dinh Bao cao chinh t r i tai Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thil XI: "Tinh trang suy thoai ve chinh t r i , t i i tufcJng, dao dxic, \6i song ciia mot bo
phan khong nho can bo, dang vien, te quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phi nghiem trong"'
Nhxi vay, c6 the thay, nguyen nhan ciia nguy cd va nhiing bieu hien cu the v6i cac noi dung, mijtc va pham vi khac ve "tijf diln bien", "tiJ chuyen hoa" can bo, dang vien la c6 ca nguyen nhan khach quan va nguyen nhan chii quan, do sU chong pha ciia cac the Ixic thu dich bang "dien bien hoa binh" de thiic day qua trinh " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i ben va viec khong cham lo tu diidng, ren luyen ciia doi ngii can bo, dang vien la nguyen nhan chii yeu
3 De gop phan phong, chong " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" can bo, dang vien hien nay, can thiic hien tot mot so' ngi dung, gidi phap sau day: >^
Mot Id, thiidng xuyen tang ciidng giad due chii nghia Mac -Lenin, t i i tiidng Ho Chi Minh, diidng loi, chii triidng ciia Dang va chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha niidc cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien Giao due nang cao nhan thiic cho dpi ngii can bo, dang vien ve muc tieu, ly tiidng doc lap dan toe va chii nghia xa hoi; ve tinh liu viet ciia ehii nghia xa hoi va nhiing han che khong the tranh khoi tren diidng phat trien Can phai tang ciidng cong tac nghien ciiu ly luan, tong ket thiic tien gop phan phat trien sang tao chii nghia Mac - Lenin, ixi tiicing Ho Chi Minh Trong qua trinh nghien ciiu, van dung chii nghia Mac - Lenin can di sau lam ro nhiing luan diem cd ban ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin da hoan toan diing dcln tii liic mdi ddi chd den wkn diing Nhiing luan diem cd ban ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin chi diing va phii hdp trdng dieu kien lich sii liic do, den da bi thiic tien lich sii vxi6t qua Nhiing luan diem cd ban eiia chii nghia Mac - Lenin la diing
1 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc
(8)nhiing nhiJng ngiidi van dung no da hieu chifa dung, chua day du, chiia sau sic nen van dung khong dung Nhxing luan diem can diidc bo sung, phat trien ma chu nghia Mac - Lenin chUa de cap day du, toan dien phu hdp v6i dieu kien, hoan canh lich sii m6i va nhflng luan diem hoan toan m6i ma chu nghia Mac - Lenin chUa tifng de cap den Bao dam cho viec tuyen truyen, giao due chu nghia Mac - Lenin, t\i txidng Ho chi Minh mot each c6 cd scf khoa hoc, thuyet phuc, khong ap dat chu quan
Hai Id, tang ciidng cong tac thong tin, tuyen truyen kip thdi,
CO dinh hii6ng dung d^n nhlim cung cap thong tin chinh thong
cho doi ngii can bo, dang vien va nhan dan ve chu nghia t\i ban, nhat la van de nhan thiic dung din, c6 cd sci ly luan va thiic tien ve ban chat ciia chii nghia t\i ban, ve nhiing mau thuin cd ban khong the giai quyet diidc xa hoi t\i ban, ve s\i dieu chinh, thich nghi de tam thdi ton tai cua chu nghia t\i ban va ca nhfing thanh tiiu dat dtfdc cua chu nghia tif ban phat trien lUc liidng san xuat, khoa hoc ky thuat, cong nghe, khoa hoc to chiic quan ly va can nhan thiic ring: "Theo quy luat tien hoa cua lich sli, loai ngMdi nhat dinh se tien t6i chii nghia xa hoi'" nhu Ci/ctng linh xdy diCng dat niCdc thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi (Bo sung, phat trien nam 2011) ciia Dang ta da khang dinh
Ba la, giao due nang cao nhan thiic cho can bo, dang vien ve nhfing tiiu to 16n, c6 y nghia lich sii ciia cong cuoc doi m6i dat nU6c Dang ta khcii xiidng va lanh dao; dong thdi, nhan thiic ro nhiing han che, bat cap khong the tranh khoi trong qua trinh xay dUng chii nghia xa hoi thdi ky qua do,
1 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: CUdng llnh xdy dUng dat niidc
thdi ky qua ten chu nghia xd hoi (Bo sung, phat trien nam 2011),
Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that, Ha Noi, 2011, tr 13
266
thUc hien Cd che' thi trUdng, md c^a, hoi nhap Phai ttog biidc thong qua difdng 16'i, chii trUdng, chinh sach va cong tac lanh dao, chi dao to chiic thiJc tiln ciia he thong chinh tri ciia doi ngu can bo, dang vien dg" tvfng bu6c hien thi/c hoa muc tieu, ly tiidng, tinh uu Viet ciia chii nghia xa hoi tren da't nxidc ta Ttog bu6c nang cao ddi song vat cha't, tinh thin cua nhan dan, ciia doi ngii can bo, dang vien, nhat la d viing sau, vung cao, viing xa, nhiing can cijf each mang trifdc day va nhflng gia dinh, nhiJng ngifdi c6 nhieu cong lao dong gop cho cong cuoc dau tranh giai phong dan toe, bao ve To quoc v6i nhiing che do, chinh sach phu hdp
Bon Id, cham lo xay diing he thong chinh tri sach, viing manh, hoat dong c6 hieu liic, hieu qua, nhat la sii sach, viing manh ve chinh tri, t\i tiicing va to chiic, c6 kha nang de nhiing chii triidng, dUdng loi, chinh sach diing din, nhat la nhiing quyet sach 16n ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, ve chien liidc xay diing va bao ve To quoc Co nang liic to chiic lanh dao, quan ly, chi dao thiic tien gioi de nhanh chong diia nghi quyet, dUdng loi, chii triidng, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha niJdc vao thiic tiln cuoc song Ket hdp chat che giiia giao due, ren luyen v6i tii giao due, tii ren luyen, cham lo xay diing doi ngii can bo, dang vien ca ve pham chat va nang liic, phu'dng phap, tac phong cong tac, xiing dang la ngiidi lanh dao, ngifdi day td that trung ciia nhan dan, vita, "hong" va "chuyen" nhii Bac Ho da day Dac biet la kien quyet dau tranh chong moi bieu hien suy thoai ve tii txidng, chinh tri, dao dilc, loi song theo tinh than Nghi quyet Trung lidng (khoa XI) Mot so'van de cap bach ve xdy ditng Dang hien dat dUdc muc dich, yeu cau de Tiep tuc thiic hien tot viec hoc tap va lam theo tam gifdng dao diic Ho Chi Minh
Nam la, tich ciic dau tranh phong, chong am miiu, thii doan "dien bien hoa binh" de thuc day qua trinh "tii diin bien",
(9)" t i i chuyen hoa" tii ben cua cac the liic t h u dich do'i v6i each mang nxidc ta, nhat la t r e n mat t r a n t\i tiidng, ly luan Trong do, can quan t a m den cac noi dung, bien phap n h i i : tiep tuc giao due nang eao nhan thiie, xac d i n h ro hdn v i t r i , vai tro, trach nhiem cua cac liic liidng t h a m gia dau t r a n h lam t h a t bai am m i i u , t h u doan chong pha cua cac the liic t h u dich t r e n l i n h viic tif tUdng, ly luan; tang ciidng cong tac lanh dao, chi dao euoe dau t r a n h t r e n l l n h vvfc t\i tiicing, ly luan lam t h a t bai am mifu, t h u doan chong pha ciia cac the l\lc t h u dich; xac d i n h ro noi dung, h i n h thiic, bien phap, to chiic lUc lifdng va xac d i n h ro cd che phoi hdp giiia cac \\ic lUdng dau t r a n h p h u hdp va c6 hieu qua thiet thiic; thifdng xuyen quan t a m nghien cu[u tong ket thUc tien, phat t r i e n ly l u a n dau t r a n h lam t h a t bai am m i i u , t h i i doan chong pha cua cac the life t h u dich t r e n l l n h vxic t\l tufcing, ly l u a n ; quan t a m d^u t i l nhufng dieu kien bao dam cho cuoc dau t r a n h t r e n mat t r a n t i i tiidng, ly l u a n cang hdp ly, CO hieu qua hdn
Sdu Id, ket hdp chat che giiia "xay" v6i "chong", lay xay
diing cho ta m a n h len ve moi mat la chinh, nhat la giii viJng svf on d i n h chinh t r i , giiJ vufng d i n h hiidng xa hoi chu nghia, xay diing va phat t r i e n k i n h te, van hoa, xa hoi, tang ciidng qudc phong, an n i n h , md rong quan he doi ngoai Cham lo xay dUng n h a n to ngiJdi, nang cao k h a nang " t u bao ve", tang ciidng "siic de khang", k h a nang "mien dich" trii6c moi am mUu, t h u doan chong pha cua cac the liic t h u dich b^ng "dien bien hoa binh" N a n g cao "siic de k h a n g " ciia moi can bo, dang vien trildc sU tac dong t i f mat tieu ciic ciia cd che t h i t n i d n g , md ciia, hoi nhap Day la bien phap tot nhat, tich cxic, chii dong nhat va
C l i n g la bien phap c6 hieu qua nhat de phong, chong " t i i dien
bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t r o n g can bo, dang vien hien
T V P H A N B I E N vA " T l T D I E N B I E N " -R A N H GlOil M O N G MANH C U A B A N L I N H
vA Sir L E C H C H U A N V E TlT T l / d N G C H I N H T R I T S L E H A I '
Xet ve n h a n thilc chinh t r i , t i i phan bien, " t i i dien bien" deu la qua t r i n h dien bien noi t a m , noi t i i phiic tap ciia moi ca the n h a n thiic, n h i i n g la hai t h a i ciic do'i lap: Do la diidng t i m x u hiidng phat t r i e n t a t yeu ciia sii vat, hien tUdng, boi dap them ban l l n h chinh t r i hoac ciing c6 the dan t6i n h i i n g sai lam ve t i i tUdng chinh t r i H a i t h a i ciic doi lap n h i i n g cd r a n h gi6i rat mong manh, dien t r o n g noi t a i kho nhan biet, neu khong t i n h tao va c6 giac quan chinh t r i nhay ben, khong diidc t r a n g hi phong t r i thiic chung, t r i thilc chinh t r i day d i i , r a n h gi6i mong m a n h t r e n c6 the b i pha vd, " t i i chuyen hoa" t i i " t r ^ n g " t h a n h "den" xay giiia hai qua t r i n h
1. "Txi d i d n b i e n " v a t\i p h a n b i e n t r o n g n h a n thiJc
c h i n h t r i ,
" T i i dien bien" la qua t r i n h chuyen bien t i i ben t r o n g moi ca the n h a n thiic, theo hai chieu hvi6ng tich ciic va tieu ciic, lay he
(10)quy chieu la y thiic he (he t\l txxdng) cua Dang "Tvt dien bien" khong phai la hien tiidng xay mot sdrh, mot chieu, ma la ca qua trinh Neu chieu hif6ng tich ciic mang tinh troi, thi "tU dien bien" c6 the dieu chinh t\i tit sai lam chuyen hifdng thanh nhan thiic chinh tri dung dan Ngiidc lai, chieu hifdng tieu ciic Ian at se dkn tdi nhiing nhan thiic lech ve chinh tri C) day, de cap tdi "tu dien bien" theo nghia tieu cUc
Tu phan bien la qua trinh t\i danh gia lai tinh dung, sai cua
s\i vat, hien tiidng thitc tien ddi song chinh tri, bang cac
phUdng phap t\i logic No la mot qua trinh tif dien tU nhien, lien tuc va thiidng xuyen, thoi thuc bdi chinh nhu cau va ham muoh tim kiem chan ly ciia ban than moi chu the nhan thilc Noi each khac, day la qua trinh t\i viidn tdi va phat trien khong ngtfng mot each tich ciic ve t\i tifdng, nhan thiic chinh tri, theo he tU tiicing ciia Dang, cua moi ca the nhan thiic Tii phan bien la noi t\X duy, nhiing bieu hien ben ngoai la s\i thay doi tich cilc ve thai va hanh vi ting xii doi v6i cac van de chinh tri ciia chii the nhan thiic Khac vdi t\i phe binh la tii nhin nhiing ifu, khuyet diem ciia ban than, thi tii phan bien bao gid Cling doi hoi chiing minh cho mot menh de ve sii van
dong ciia sii vat, hien tifdng chinh tri bat ky difdc chii the nhan thttc quan tam, la diing hay sai
"Tii dien bien" va tiJ phan bien deu la nhiing bieu hien khac nhau ciia sii tit y thiic ciia ngifdi va bcii y thiic mang ban chat xa hoi, nen ca hai qua trinh tren dii deu dien bien ben trong cac ca the nhvfng khong biet lap, ma chiu sii tac dong, chi phoi rat 16n ciia cac yeu to' khach quan ben ngoai ddi song chinh tri - xa hoi, hdn the, lay chinh cac yeu to khach quan lam can cii cho qua trinh tii tii ciia minh Hay noi each khac, "tii dien bien" ciia ca the khong bao gid tach rdi khoi dien bien xa hoi Nhan thiic ve "tii dien bien" va tii phan bien c6 y 270
nghia rat quan trong viec dinh hiidng qua trinh van dong tii chinh tri va ren luyen ban hnh chinh tri ciia moi can bo, dang vien
2 Dau tranh gii^a t\i chinh tri "den" va "trang" Theo nghia thong thiidng tren, "tii dien bien" va tii phan bien dai dien cho tii c6 chieu hiidng tieu ciic va tu tich ciic nhan thiic chinh tri ciia moi chii the nhan thiic Tuy nhien, van de d chd, day la qua trinh dien bien noi tai ciia y thiic het siic triiu tiidng, kho nim bit, kho nhan biet, nen khong CO sii rach roi giiia diing va sai Chinh vi vay, thudng xuyen xuat hien hien tiidng, diing triidc mot van de chinh tri can nhan thiic, luan giai, lat lai hay phan bac no, ban than nhieu can bo, dang vien khong doan dinh diidc minh dang tii phan bien hay dang c6 dau hieu "tii dien bien" Do do, can phan biet giiia hai qua trinh tren
Thvt nhdt, tU phan bien khac "tit dien bien" la ngUdi phan bien hodi nghi cd cd sd vd phiCdng phdp tii khoa hoc Tii
phan bien g^n lien vdi tii phan bien - qua trinh tii bien chiing, phan tich va danh gia mot van de chinh tri theo-cach nhin khac so vdi each da dat ban dau, nh^m lam sang to va khang dinh lai tinh chinh xac ciia van de Tii phan bien nhat thiet phai tim kiem luan cii, luan chiing t^ hien thiic khach quan, tuyet doi khong diing y chi chii quan hay diing cam xiic yeu, ghet mang tinh ca nhan de doan dinh v6 can cil Neu cac y kien mang danh phan bien ma khong ton khoa hoc phan bien, se rdi vao tinh trang "thay boi xem voi", chiet trung, phien dien, chup mii, quy ket, ket luan diia khong chinh xac Lap luan tii phan bien phai ro rang, logic, day du luan cii, luan chiing khoa hoc, ti mi, cong tam va nhin nhan sii viec, hien tiidng bao gid ciing da chieu, tdan dien va lich sii cu the
(11)ChAng han, viec co siiy t\i chinh t r i , t\i t r u y e n thong ciia cac n\idc t\i ban phiidng Tay la mot bieu hien non ndt ve chinh t r i , nhiJng viec n h i n thay nhiJng each lam hay, n h i i n g mo h i n h phat t r i e n k i n h te - xa hoi hieu qua de chon loc va hoc tap, nhat la nhijtng van de Viet N a m dang d t r i n h kem phat t r i e n hoac dang gap vxidng mic, l a i het siic can thiet
H i e n nay, mot so' tap doan k i n h te nha nu6c hoat dong kem hieu qua dan den quan diem n g h i ngai, t h a m chi p h u d i n h ve mo h i n h tap doan ciing n h i i v a i tro k i n h te nha nxidc cua khong it nha nghien ciiu, la mot m i n h chilng ro rang cho t\i t\i phan bien mot chieu, t h i e u khoa hoc, t h a m chi c6 bieu hien chuyen hudng " t i i dien bien" (phii d i n h v a i tro ciia k i n h te nha nifdc), neu dUdc cong n h a n se la mot bat cap t r o n g chi dao phat t r i e n cac tap doan k i n h te 16n cua dat nxidc Txi phan bien ve van de can n h a n thiic, ban chat mo h i n h tap doan k i n h te la san p h a m cua nen k i n h te' t h i triidng, la hxidc phat t r i e n cao n h a t ve khoa hoc to chiic - quan ly to chile k i n h te, la t h a n h txiu chung cua nen san xuat n h a n loai, khong rieng ciia nen san xuat tif ban chu nghla M o h i n h tren ap dung d Viet N a m la het
siic p h i i hdp ma t i n h Uu viet cua no da du!dc de cap nhieu Hieu qua hoat dong kem ciia mot so tap doan k i n h te nha nifdc t a i Viet N a m c6 nguyen n h a n chii yeu han che ve nang \\ic quan t r i cua doi ngii n h a n suf cap cao cac tap doan nay; s\i t h i e u h u t va chifa hoan chinh ve cd che, chinh sach, he thong phap l u a t va cac loai t h i triidng; t i n h t r a n g t h a m n h i i n g ; each hieu va ap dung may moc ve mo h i n h ; thay v i phat t r i e n diia vao chien lUdc l a u dai, xay diing t r e n cd sd nhiJng can c\l khoa hoe, dieu tra t h i t r i i d n g viing ch^c, t h i l a i diia vao n h i i n g sach liide ngSn han, tiiy tien, "an xoi d t h i " Viec h a n che dau t i i ngdai nganh dieu k i e n k i n h te ciia Viet N a m hien doi v6i cac tap doan t r e n la hdp ly, n h i i n g dieu khong he dong nhat vdi viec
cam t r i e t de hoat dong dau t u tren, khong n h i i n g v i pham quyen t i i chii, t i i chiu trach nhiem k i n h doanh ciia cac tap doan, ma eat diit mot dac t h i i k i n h doanh l i n h hoat cau t h a n h mo h i n h tren, c6 the gay lang p h i bdi bo Id n h i i n g cd hoi dau tif (ngoai nganh hay dau t i i cheo t r o n g noi bo) k h i tap doan
CO t i e m liic va co d i i cac dieu k i e n de thiJc hien
Thi2 hai, tU phan bien xuat phat tic dong ccf va tinh than xay diCng, y thiCc tich cite. Viec lat l a i van de hay phan bac ciia t i i phan bien dich cuoi la t i m r a quy luat, t i n h quy l u a t cua sii van dong, phat t r i e n ciia cac hien tiidng, van de chinh t r i , n h a m mue dich hoan t h i e n hdn ve n h a n thiie, t i i tiidng chinh t r i ciia ban t h a n T r d n g k h i do, "tiJ dien bien" co dong cd md ho hoac dong cd tieu ciie ro rang, v6i cai n h i n bi quan, t h i i dich v6i hien thiic khach quan, v6i quan diem, diidng 16'i ciia Dang, ciia to ehiic ed sd dang; t\i bi ehi pho'i nang ne b^i cam xiic, suy n g h i chii quan, t i i dien bien am i va n u n g n a u n h i i n g t i i tiicing ciic doan, thiic day n h a n thiic chinh t r i ciia chii the nhan thiic r d i vao t i n h t r a n g tieu eiic, suy thoai, t h a m chi mue ruong T i i siJ lech chuan ve tU tUdng chinh t r i , co the dan t d i n h i i n g h a n h dong phan chinh t r i r a t nguy hiem va nguy h a i v6i to chiic dang, neu khong diidc ngan chan
Thj2 ba, tU phan bien khdc vdi "tiC dien bien" Id qua trinh tii duy khong chi di/cfc diCa tren nen tang cua tri thiic va phi/cfng phap khoa hoc, md dUa tren nen tang cua ban tinh chinh
(12)chinh t r i , ciJc doan chinh t r i , bop meo, thoi phong, suy dien deu la n h i i n g bieu hien va phiJPng phap can t r a n h t i i t i i phan bien
Lien quan tdi t i l p h a n bien, Dang ta danh gia cao v a i tro cua phan bien, phan bien xa hoi nen k h u y e n k h i c h , ton y kien cua toan dan (ca n h a n va to chiic) moi van de ve phat t r i e n k i n h te, van hoa, xa hoi Day la mot t r o n g nhiJng m i n h chilng the hien t i n h dan chii, t i n h khoa hoc t r o n g s\i l a n h dao, chi dao cua Dang V a n k i e n D a i hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian t h i i X I cua Dang chi ro: "Dang ton t i n h t\i chu, u n g ho moi hoat dong tvt nguyen, tich cvfc, sang tao va chan t h a n h lang nghe y k i e n dong gop ciia M a t t r a n va cac doan the Dang, N h a nii6c CO cd che, chinh sach, tao dieu k i e n de M a t t r a n va cac doan the n h a n dan hoat dong c6 hieu qua, thiic hien v a i tro giam sat va phan bien xa hoi"\n t h i e n cd che de n h a n dan dong gop y kien, phan bien xa hoi va giam sat cong viec cua Dang va N h a nxidc"^ Do'i v6i ngiidi dang vien, qua t r i n h t i i phan bien t r o n g tif la khong gi6i h a n nhif bat k y mot chii the t\i nao khac, song khong Idi dung dan chii hay t i i v6 lol, ma phai t u a n theo cac nguyen tSc cua Dang, phan bien khong phai noi ngifdc, cung tuyet doi khong t r a i v6i quan diem, diidng loi, Cudng l i n h , Dieu le Dang
D a u t r a n h tif la cuoc dau t r a n h cam go, cang t h ^ n g khong t h u a kem dau t r a n h giiia cac lUc lifdng vat chat, dau t r a n h giiJa " t u dien bien", t\i phan bien - dau t r a n h giiia h a i t h a i cttc tieu cUc va tich c\ic, t\i chinh t r i "den" va " t r a n g " -thiidng xuyen xay t r o n g van dong t\i cua moi can bo, dang vien Trong cuoc dau t r a n h do, neu t h i e u cong cu, phiidng
1, D a n g Cong s a n V i e t N a m : Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Idn thiiXI, Sdd, tr 87, 145
274
phap txi duy, sU t i n h tao va ban l i n h chinh t r i , deu c6 the dan t6i n h i i n g sai l a m T h a m chi hien nay, hien tudng t u phan bien chuyen hoa t h a n h " t i i dien bien", d cac miic khac n h a u , nhat la ci/c doan ti/ phan bien, xuat hien t r o n g mot so to chiic cd dang, mot bo phan can bp, dang vien suy thoai ve txi tiidng chinh t r i , Idi dung t i i phan bien de neu cac y k i e n p h i khoa hoc thieu t i n h xay diing; dpi lot phan bien de cong kich, boi nhp, da pha Dang, c6' t i n h " l a i " n h a n thufc ciia d i i l u a n sang chieu hiidng tieu ciic
O goc dp ngiidc l a i , t\i phan bien chuyen hoa sang "tU dien bien" khong chi bieu hien c( n h i i n g loi tu: chinh t r i tieu cUc, ma viec "lifdi nhac" t r o n g t i i phan bien ciing chinh la mot bieu hien ciia " t i i dien bien" Do lo ngai p h a m sai lam hoac t r a n h va cham anh hUdng tdi Idi ich ca n h a n , Idi ich nhom, mot bp phan can bp, dang vien liia chpn phiidng each giau m i n h , " m i i n i che t a i " , khong dam phan bien, t i i phan bien, v6i t i i tiidng "the nao ciing diidc", thay dung khong bao ve, thay sai khong phe phan Sii mac va bang quan chinh la mot dang nhu nhiCdc cua
tit duy, ma v6i t i n h tien phong ciia ngiidi dang vien, dieu la
khong the chap n h a n •
3 P h a n "tvf d i e n b i e n " v a p h a n b i e n l a i p h a n b i e n
" T i i dien bien" k h i chuyen bien t h a n h " t i i chuyen hoa", moi nguy se t a n g len gap bpi, hb\y phai ngSn chan qua t r i n h
thoai hoa ve t i i tiidng chinh t r i ciia can bp, dang vien, t r o n g giai doan t r i i n g nii6c, giai doan " t i i dien bien" bSng phan
''tu dien bien", tien h a n h ca ben t r o n g va ben ngoai chii the
n h a n thilc Ben qua trinh tit duy, " t i i dien bien" r a t kho n h a n biet ( " t i i chuyen hoa" da bien t h a n h h a n h dong vat chat nen de n h a n biet hdn), nhat la k h i m6i bat dau m a n h nha M o i chii the n h a n thiic hdn het, la ngiidi hieu va nim hit ro n h a t
(13)nhflng bien chuyen, mau thu^n tU ciia minh, nen cung se la ngifdi phan "tvi diln bien" hieu qua nhat Nhiing de CO the chien thSng dUdc chinh minh cuoc dau tranh t\i duy gii3a "trSng" va "den", doi hoi moi can bo, dang vien phai difdc chuan bi hanh trang ve nhan thiic chinh tri, ban llnh chinh tri va phifdng phap luan giai bien chilng cac van de chinh tri nhii da de cap, t\X c6 kha nang "tii mien dich" tix ben doi vdi "tvf dien bien"
Ben ngoai qua trinh tit duy, tvi cua moi chu the nhan thilc deu hki nguon, bi tac dong, bi chi phoi t\i dien bien khach quan ciia ddi song chinh tri Ddi song chinh tri on dinh, sach, Dang manh t\i ben trong, lanh dao dat niidc phat trien, niem tin ciia nhan dan difdc ciing c6', chinh la phifdng thuoc hutu hieu nhat de tac dong va thuc day nhan thvtc chinh tri tich cvfc Ian toa xa hoi, qua "chijfa tri" can benh "tU dien bien" trong moi can bo, dang vien va rong hdn la toan Dang
Tif tii phan bien khong chac da din den nhiing ket luan chinh xac, do "nhieu" ve thong tin, chUa ke nhiSng kien, cam xuc ca nhan c6 the ngan can sU cong ciia viec tap trung phan tich, danh gia, bdi vay, can phdn hien lai tU phdn hien Doi v6i moi ca the nhan thilc, sau moi qua trinh tii phan bien ket thiic vdi cac ket luan ciia minh diidc dUa ra, thi do mdi la ket thiic ciia mot phan doan qua trinh t\i phan bien lau dai Ket luan tii phan bien can thiet phai diidc phan bien lai, kiem chiing lai qua thdi gian va triidc nhiing dien bien tiep theo ciia thilc tien khach quan Tu phan bien lai tii phan bien the hien mot trinh phat trien cao ciia nhan thiic
Dieu ma Dang ta can, nhan dan ta can la ci moi ke sach 16n, moi du an 16n, moi "mat tran" cua ddi song xa hoi, deu c6 siJ phan bien, tii phan bien vdi tinh than xay diing tich cilc cua rong rai du luan va nhiing ngiidi triic tiep c6 hen quan, de tim
diidc nhiing phUdng each hdp ly nhat va hdp long dan Dong thdi, CO nhiing ngUdi diing dau, tong chi buy, ngiidi "nhac trifdng" CO tam, c6 tarn, c6 tai, c6 uy tin xa hoi, khong chi c6 nang liic tiep thu cau thi va nang luc phan loai nhiing phan bien do, ma c6 trinh phan bien lai cac tu phan bien, gan due khdi trong, chat loc tinh hoa phuc vu cac quyet sach phat trien toi ifu cho tap the, cho to chiic, cho dat niidc
(14)L d l i C H NHOM - NGUY CO DAN TClI
"TU* DifeN B I E N " , "Tir C H U Y E N HOA" 6 N l / d C TA
TS NGUYEN THI V T
L d i ich diidc hieu la mot n h i i n g dong l\ic quan triic tiep thiic day h a n h dong cua ngiidi n h i m thoa m a n n h u cau ca n h a n , gia d i n h , tap the, giai cap, dan toe va xa hoi Co hai loai ldi ich: ldi ich rieng (ca nhan) va ldi ich chung (tap the, tap doan, giai cap, xa hoi) Ldi ich la nguyen n h a n t h a t sii, can ban cua boat dong lich sii va hanh v i xa hoi ciia ngvfdi, la dong cd tiJ tifdng cua boat dong thxic tien c6 muc dich
L d i ich noi chung xuat phat tijf n h u cau soiig ciia ngiidi, dufdc hieu la phufdng thiic dap iing, thoa m a n n h u cau cua ngiidi cac quan he k i n h te - xa hoi Xet ve mat xa hoi, c6 bao nhieu n h u cau t h i c6 bay nhieu ldi ich ThUdng c6 h a i ldi ich chung n h a t la ldi ich vat chat va ldi ich t i n h t h a n ; hay cu the hdn t h i c6 n a m loai ldi ich thiidng gap la: ldi ich k i n h te, xa hoi, chinh t r i , t i n h t h a n , moi t r i i d n g Tuy nhien, s\i phan chia chi mang t i n h chat tUdng doi, v i cac ldi ich vufa doc lap, vvta p h u thuoc vao n h a u , bao h a m va chuyen boa Ian n h a u L d i ich k i n h te, ldi ich vat chat thifdng la ldi ich cd ban, ldi ich goc, phat sinh hoac l a m t i e n de cho n h i i n g ldi ich khac
* Pho TrUdng ban Chuyen de cd s6, Tap chi Cong san
278
L d i ich t h i i d n g lien ket ngifdi v6i n h a u hoac phan chia ra cac nhom, giai tang khac Cac ldi ich t h i i d n g gin v6i cac chu the khac nhau, ca n h a n hoac tap the, v i vay chung ta c6 ldi ich ca nhan, ldi ich tap the, ldi ich giai cap, quoc gia, dan toe Triidc day t h i i d n g noi nhieu den ldi ich giai tang (giai cap va t a n g 16p) Trong nen k i n h te t h i t r i i d n g xuat hien ldi ich nhom, hay goi la nhom ldi ich
N h o m ldi ich la bat ky sii tap hdp nao ciia to chiic hay cac ca nhan, thUdng du^dc t h a n h lap mot each chinh thiic t r e n cd sd chia se mot hay nhieu moi quan t a m n h ^ m anh hitdng den chinh sach cong l i n h y\ic m i n h quan t a m Cac nhom ldi ich h i n h t h a n h mot each tvf nhien tii cac cong dong eo chung ldi ich va ton t a i t a t ca cac xa hoi O M y va mot so' nu6c phiidng Tay, nhom ldi ich thUdng dUdc hieu eo Hen quan chat che t6i chinh t r i , gin v6i phifdng thiic "van dong hanh lang", muon gay anh hiidng, tac dong tdi cac chinh sach cong r
6 V i e t N a m , n h o m ldi ich diidc hieu la cac n h o m diidc h i n h t h a n h tii ldi ich va muc dich giong n h a u , eo quan he tac dong den c h i n h quyen nha nifdc i t hoac n h i e u , triie tiep hoac gian tiep, hkng n h i e u each khac n h a u nhif: p h a n bien xa hoi, g i a m sat xa hoi; tac dong bang p h a n ling, k h i e u k i e n de thay doi c h i n h sach hay each giai quyet; l d i d u n g ke he) cua phap l u a t de v a n dong c h i n h quyen l a m ldi eho ho; v a n dong cd q u a n c6 t h a m quyen ban h a n h cac c h i n h sach c6 l d i cho ho; cau ket, m u a q u a n ban chiie nhSm true ldi cho ban t h a n va gia d i n h
(15)chinh tri, nhom Idi ich kinh te, xa hoi; nhom c6 to chile, chuyen nghiep hay tarn thdi, phi chinh thilc, nhom Idi ich cong hay nhom Idi ich tU Tuy nhien, khong phai tat ca cac nhom xa hoi hay nhom c\i dan la nhom Idi ich (nhii gia dinh, ban be )
va Cling khong nen dong nhat toan bo nhom Idi ich v6i nhom
true Idi, nhu mot so" ngiidi quan niem, vi c6 nhom c6 Idi cho Idi ich chung, khong true Idi, vu Idi, khong lam thiet hai cho nhom khac Nhom true Idi thiidng la nhom c6 Idi the, ilu the ve quyen lUc kinh te, quyen liic chinh tri cung v6i sU khon ngoan, thu doan va c6 tham vong Idi ich ca nhan 16n de dat dildc muc dich minh dat
Nhom Idi ich chi xau quyen Idi chung hoan toan bi thue thu trifdc quyen Idi eiia phe nhom Chi c6 nhom Idi ich Idi dung quyen liic chinh tri, nhan danh quyen liic nha nu6c va diing nhieu manh khoe, thu doan cau ket v6i nh&m true Idi ca nhan, gay thiet hai Idn cho xa hoi, tao s\i mau thuan, xung dot xa hoi
Chuyen gia kinh te cua Ngan hang the gi6i tai Viet Nam canh bao rSng: "Neu cac tap doan kinh te Idn eo vai tro ma ta goi la vi the nha nxidc, ho eo the c6 nhieu quyen liic den c6 the tao anh hiidng cho nhiing chinh sach cua chinh phii Roi sau chinh phii eo the se diing ve cac nhom Idi ich thay vi Idi ich eila nhan dan" Ldi canh bao khong thila ma cang nhieu nhom ldi ich diidc svt ho trd ciia quan chile ma mot so' tai san khong l6 cua toan dan se khong eon ma bien sci hutu cua mot so' ca nhan, c6 sil cau ket, an chia giiia doanh nghiep va quan chile Khong diing lai d do, cac nhom ldi ich nay da, dang va se Ian sau vao qua trinh hinh chinh sach de tan dung to'i da nhiing ke hd, cd hoi lam giau bat chinh Thiic te lau chi ring, khong it triidng hdp thay vi dau tu vao kinh te, nhieu nhom ldi ich da "dau tif" vao mot so
quan chile de tim ldi the lam an cho minh Vay thi van de d day la ngifdi bo may quyen luc va tinh minh bach trong tat ca cac chinh sach de tao sU canh tranh cong bang giiia cac nhom ldi ich, han che silc tan cong ciia ho vao viec hinh chinh sach Cac nhom ldi ich true ldi thiidng eo til cac nguon goc:
- Thi triidng bat dong san: Cac nhom ldi dung nhiing ke he! phap luat va sU chenh lech rat 16n giiia gia tri dat dai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va thi hoa c6 sil tham gia khon kheo va trang trdn ciia nhiing phan til c6 chile,
CO quyen tha hoa, bien chat
- Thi tru:dng lao dong: Ldi dung siJ thieu hieu biet ciia ngvfdi dan ve phap luat lao dong, sil quan ly long leo ciia cac cong ty xuat khau lao dong, gidi thieu viec lam
- Thi trifdng nong nghiep, thiiy san: Ldi dung sii bien dong ve gia ca ciia cac san pham nong nghiep, vat til thiet bi va tieu thu
- Thi triidng giao due - dao tao: Tinh trang day them, hoc them
- Ldi dung sil yeu kem quan ly: Quy hoach treo va quy hoach chifa dat yeu c^u, eo ca mang tring ve quy hoach; hang gia, hang nhai, vi pham quy dinh tran Ian; c6 tinh im lang, cham giai quyet cac khieu kien ciia ngiidi dan
- Ldi dung sil au tri, bao thii t\i chien liide nhii niip bong bao ho nganh miii nhon, diem; ldi dung chii trildng dau t\l cua Nha niidc nhap khau trang thiet bi lac hau, 16i thdi, re tien (nha may diidng, xi mang 16 diing, ); linh kien, vat t\i dxidi danh nghia noi dia hoa, bao ho san xuat nifdc de an chenh lech gia
(16)- K i n h te ngam xuyen quoc gia: Buon iSu qua bien gi6i, t r o h thue
- Co t i n h chat "xa hoi den" nhif buon ban ma tuy, p h u n i i , tre em, mai dam t r a h i n h , cd bac, so de, dau t\i hang da cap, v.v
Dac diem ciia n h o m Idi ich true Idi la t i m moi each de t h u Idi, ke ca h a n h v i p h i phap, k h o n g trxi mot t h u doan nao b a m chat vao cac ke hd t r i e t de Idi dung, l i n h boat chuyen h i i d n g r a t n h a n h de ton t a i , l a m hao mon k h o n g i t long t i n ciia n h a n dan doi v6i che do, l a m t h i e t h a i 16n cho dat nxidc, cong dong
N h o m true Idi thifdng sii dung n h i e u t h u doan t h u Idi hKt c h i n h nh\i: Idi dung va l a m d u n g quyen liic - ca quyen lUc c h i n h t r i va quyen \\ic k i n h te, mua quan ban chile; Idi d u n g sU
chenh lech gia ca t h i t r i f d n g va gia ca N h a nxidc quy d i n h nen k i n h te de chuyen doi, dau cd, bat chap t h i e t h a i cho cong dong; Idi d u n g s\i bat cap va yeu k e m t r o n g quan ly cua N h a nifdc va sU t h a hoa, bien chat cua mot bo p h a n can bo, cong chiic; l i e n ket n h i i n g phin txi c6 dong cd v u Idi, true Idi theo k i e u maphia, boat dong ngam dxidi h i n h thiic p h i c h i n h thilc theo tifng p h i v u l a m an
De dat muc t i e u true Idi cvia m i n h , ho t i m t r a m phUdng ngan ke de phvi phep bien trSng t h a n h den, bien cong t h a n h t\i, bien l u a t phap t h a n h luat rijtng Ket cue la nhieu nhom true Idi l a m giau bat chinh, giau len n h a n h chong va eang giau ho cang thao t i i n g quyen lUc ciia bo may nha nxidc
Ngiidi dan hxic xiic nhat ve eau chuyen Idi ich nhom, d ca khia canh nhom Idi ich chi phoi cac chinh sach va ca khia canh nhiing ngUdi lanh dao de nguldi t h a n Idi dung v i t r i cong tac cua m i n h lam giau khong chinh dang Dieu lam mat mat long t i n doi v6i uy t i n ciia Dang va che Tat ca n h i i n g dieu do, v6i txi each la ngUdi bi tac dong bdi chinh sach, ngiidi dan biet ca Chi c6 dieu
282
ho CO noi hay khong, hoac c6 dam noi hay khong ma thoi N h i i n g Idi than van va hien thuc cuoc song ciia ngiidi dan doi hoi nhiing ngUdi lam cong tac can bo phai n h i n can bo dxidi lang k i n h nhan dan Neu mot v i lanh dao dat nu6c khong kiem che diidc chvi nghia ca nhan, chi lao vao sii "vinh t h a n phi gia" va dac biet la hay noi theo kieu m i dan, ma khong biet nhan dan thiic sii kho scf sao, dang suy nghl gi t h i lam c6 the lanh dao ca mot dat nii6c Sii v i dan, ton nhan dan v i the, phai dudc dat len hang dau Va sii v i dan phai diidc the hien bang n h i i n g viee cu the, cong k h a i quan diem mot each rach roi Va khong c6 sii v i dan, ton nhan dan nao hdn la viee doi thoai v6i dan, lang nghe dan de t h a u hieu long dan Neu can bo khong doi thoai v6i dan t h i sii "lau son gac t i a " thdi phong kien, hay "phong may lanh" bay gid se chi sinh sii xa dan ma bieu hien chinh la nhiing chinh sach khong v i dan, n h i i n g chinh sach chiia ban hanh da lac hau v6i thiie te N h i i n g v u viee d Tien Lang, H a i Phong, V a n Giang, H i i n g Yen va nhieu vu viee khae cho chiing ta nhieu suy ngam t h a m thia ve bai hoc xay diing chinh quyen "ciia dan", "do dan", " v i dan" 67 nam qua, lien tiidng t6i n h i i n g dieu Bac Ho da t i i n g noi: "Trong bau trdi khong gi quy bang nhan dan"' va "Dan chu la ciia quy bau nha't ciia nhan dan "^
Dac diem noi bat la n h i i n g nhom Idi ich b Viet N a m boat dong r a t l i n h boat, theo tving v u viee va vay quanh mot so ca n h a n n h a t d i n h L d i dung t i n h t h i e u cong k h a i , m i n h bach, cac nhom ldi ich t h i i d n g tiep xiic theo "quan he" ca nhan Co the dat quan he triic tiep hay qua eon cai, t h a n quen ma chat ket d i n h la ldi ich tien bac L d i ich cang 16n t h i nhom ldi ich boat dong cang manh L u a t phap cang long leo hay quyen liJc i t bi giam sat t h i nhom ldi ich cang boat dong t r a n g trdn hdn
1, Ho C h i M i n h : Todn tap, Sdd, t 10, tr 453, 457
(17)Ldi ich nhom d Viet N a m c6 dac trutng la lien quan den nhijtng ngifdi c6 chiic, c6 quyen, nhat la quyen lien quan den can bo, t a i chinh, ngan sach, dau tif, dat dai, t a i nguyen riing, bien NhiJng ngUdi c6 the d cap t r u n g lidng, t i n h , huyen, xa hay mot ca n h a n t h a n h tra T h a m chi, cac hoat dong len loi ca vao nhiJng l i n h viic nghien ciiu khoa hoc, cap bang, cham l u a n an N h o m ldi ich d Viet N a m hoat dong mot khong gian chii yeu p h i chinh thiic, bat hdp phap, t r o n g khong it trifdng hdp c6 quan he den buon l a u hay cac hoat dong c6 t i n h chat p h a m phap d miic khac n h a u Cac nguon \\ic k i n h te da bi xau xe, bop meo de phuc v u cac nhom ldi ich khac n h a u
Viec h i n h t h a n h ldi ich nhom lien quan den t h i i tuc h a n h chinh va dao diic cong v u NhiJng l i n h v\ic hoat dong phai qua nhieu t h u tuc h a n h chinh phien va thieu m i n h bach; nhiJng can bo, cong chiic suy thoai ve dao dilc cong v u la m a n h dat cho ldi ich nhom phat t r i e n T h i i tuc h a n h chinh cang phien ha, dao diic cong v u cang xuong cap t h i ldi ich nhom cang phat trien K h i ngifdi dilng dau khong gifdng mku, tap hdp nhiSng can bo t h a m mifu cung phe canh se tao t h a n h nhom ldi ich r a t nguy hiem N h o m ldi ich c6 k h i nam t r o n g pham v i mot cd quan, c6 k h i la s\i l i e n ket cac t h a n h vien nhieu cd quan ciing thUc hien mot t h u tuc h a n h chinh, d i n den nhieu h a u qua nhif: cho t r i e n k h a i d\i an khong du dieu kien, sii dung dat khong diing muc dich, cap phep khong dung doi tUdng, thao t u n g dau thau, K h i nguyen tic tap t r u n g dan chu bi v i pham, ngUdi diing dau khong giidng mau t h i nhom ldi ich chi phoi ca tap the, t h a m chi dan den long quyen, lam cho tap the kho l a n h dao, cap tren kho dieu hanh, noi bo mat doan ket, tap the suy yeu ngam dan til ben trong, tao " t u d i l n bien", "t\i chuyen hoa" t r o n g doi ngii can bo, dang vien
De chong ldi ich nhom, can c6 nhieu giai phap dong bo,
trong quan t r o n g nhat la kiem soat quyen lUc Cap liy phai kiem t r a , giam sat ngUdi diing dau va nhCfng can bo chii chot; lanh dao cap t r e n phai thUdng xuyen k i e m t r a , giam sat cap
dxidi; cap trifdng k h i giao quyen cho cap ciing phai k i e m t r a , giam sat K h i ldi ich nhom xuat hien, tap the ciing biet n h i i n g ne nang, ne t r a n h nen khong dam phe b i n h , bdi vay phat buy t i n h t h a n t i i phe binh, phe b i n h la bien phap tot nhat de chong ldi ich nh6m Thiic te cho thay, ndi nao thuc hien diing nguyen tac tap t r u n g dan chii, phat huy diidc v a i tro lanh dao ciia tap the, k i e m soat diidc quyen liic ca n h a n t h i ldi ich nhom kho xay Viec k i e m soat quyen liic n h ^ m chong ldi ich nhom can sii phoi hdp chat che ciia cac to chiic he thong chinh t r i d ben va t i i ben ngoai
(18)nhflng ngiidi m i n h bau n h i i n g khong x i i n g dang da diidc H i e n phap quy d i n h Theo do, can bo sung vao H i e n phap cac phUdng tien k i e m soat quyen liic nha nu6c cua n h a n dan n h i i phan bien xa hoi, dieu t r a d i i l u a n xa hoi thong qua cac phu:dng tien thong t i n dai chung Dang va n h a n dan thong qua cac to chiic cd sd dang va cac t h a n h vien cua M a t t r a n va cac doan the chinh t r i - xa hoi, cung vdi cac phiidng t i e n thong t i n dai chiing h i n h t h a n h cd che kiem soat quyen life nha nxXdc doc lap tif ben
ngoai bo may nha niidc Ben canh do, can hoan t h i e n cd che k i e m soat quyen lUc ben to chute bo may nha nxidc (givla cac t h a n h to' cau t h a n h quyen liic nha nxidc: giiJa lap phap, hanh phap, t\i phap va giQa quyen lUc nha nxidc b t r u n g lidng va dia phUdng)
Ben canh viec k i e m soat quyen Ixic, can tang cUdng cong k h a i m i n h , bach cac t h u tuc h a n h chinh, tao dieu k i e n de doanh nghiep va n h a n dan giam sat viec thiic t h i cong v u ciia can bo, cong chiic Xay dUng Quy che dao dijfc cong v u cho can bo, dang vien va tiep tuc day m a n h viec "Hoc tap va l a m theo t a m gifdng dao dutc Ho Chi M i n h " theo Chi t h i so 03-CT/TW, 14-5-2011 cua Bo C h i n h t r i
286
Phdn thii
Y E U C A U V A N H I E M V U MCfl
T R O N G P H O N G , C H O N G
" T U D I ^ N B I E N " , " T U C H U Y E N H O A "
(19)G I A I P H A P N G A N C H A N , D A Y L U I N G U Y CO "TU" D I E N B I E N " , " T U " C H U Y E N H O A "
T R O N G NOI B O D A N G H I E N NAY
ThUdng txxdng, V i e n sT, T S K H Q S N G U Y E N H U Y H I E U *
Trong bo'i canh hien nay, trxXdc tac dong ciia x u the toan cau hoa va hoi nhap quoc te, phiidng thilc, t h i i doan "dien bien hoa b i n h " cua cac the lUc t h u dich c6 nhflng thay doi, nhat la viec gia tang cac boat dpng n h a m tac dong chuyen hoa toan dien xa hoi theo y cua ho, ma Viet N a m la mot t r p n g diem Sau k h i xoa bo v a i tro l a n h dao cua Dang Cong san, xoa bo che xa hoi chii nghia d L i e n X6 va cac nxidc xa hoi chii nghia Dong A u bang "dien bien hoa binh", cac the \\lc phan dong n\idc ngoai tiep tuc thiic hien "kich ban" lat chinh p h i i cam quyen t a i n h i i n g niidc khong di theo "quy dao" ciia ho ma khong can dung siic m a n h quan s\i, nhxi ho t h i i d n g "quang cao" la bang "bien phap hoa b i n h " , "dau t r a n h bat bao dong" Tuy nhien, qua cac cuoc "each mang dUdng pho" d N a m T u , "each mang m a u " d mot so niJ6c thuoc khong gian h a u Xoviet, nhxi "each mang hoa hong" d Grudia n a m 2003, "each mang cam" d Ueraina n a m 2004, "each mang t u y l i p vang" c! CufrdgUxtan n a m 2005 , den n h i i n g bien
(20)dong chinh t r i gan day d mot so'nUdc BSc P h i va T r u n g Dong cho thay, thUc chat la cac cuoc bao dong p h i via t r a n g , diing bao liic quan chung c6 to chile, lat c h i n h quyen nha niidc diicing nhiem hdp hien, lap bo may cam quyen m6i ciia liic liidng do'i lap, diidc nxXdc ngoai h a u t h u a n , u n g ho
Trong nhiJng n a m qua, t u y t i i n g do'i tifdng va p h a m v i tac dong ma chii nghia de quoc va cac the lUc t h i j dich phan dong trong va ngoai n\idc da sii dung t h u doan, noi dung, h i n h thilc va phu^dng phap thiic day "tvi dien bien", "tvf chuyen hoa" khac n h a u , n h i i n g chung luon dat t r o n g t a m thuc day "tvt dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" vao cd quan l a n h dao cao nhat ciia Dang va N h a nu'dc, Quoc hoi, C h i n h p h u va cac \\ic liidng v i i t r a n g Bdi la ndi hoach d i n h diidng hii6ng, chu triidng, chinh sach, phap l u a t ciia nii6c ta K h i diidng hu6ng khong chuan t h i sU chech hiidng xa hoi chu nghia cua dat nii6c la kho t r a n h khoi K h i dUdng loi, chu t r i i d n g khong v i cuoc song, Idi ich cua n h a n dan t h i n i e m t i n ciia quan chung doi v6i Dang, v6i N h a nif6c, v6i che dp se b i xoi mon, dan den mat n i e m t i n
Nhxi chiing ta da biet, "dien bien hoa b i n h " va " t i i dien bien", "t\i chuyen hoa" c6 moi quan he k h a n g k b i t , khong tach rdi, do, thuc day "t\i dien bien", "t\i chuyen hoa" la t h i i doan va ciing la muc tieu cua chien lUdc "dien bien hoa b i n h " ma cac the liJc t h u dich dang tien h a n h doi v6i each mang Viet Nam Bdi vay, phong, chong nguy cd " t u dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" la van de c6 y nghia quyet d i n h de l a m that bai chien lUdc "dien bien hoa b i n h " cua cac the \^ic thu dich Dong thdi ciing la n h i e m v u cap bach ve cong tac xay diing, chinh don Dang ma Hoi nghi T r u n g lidng (khoa X I ) dat
H i e n nay, t i n h t r a n g mot bo phan can bo, dang vien, nhat la can bo, dang vien c6 chiic, c6 quyen, ke ca mot so'can bo cao cap, suy thoai ve t u tUdng chinh t r i , dao diic, loi song, phai nhat ly tiidng 290
rdi vao chii nghia cd hoi, thUc dung, ca nhan I'ch ky, t h a m nhung, lang p h i , t u y tien, v6 nguyen tic nhxi N g h i quyet T r u n g lidng (khoa X I ) chi ra, la nhflng bieu hien cu the ciia mot bo phan can bo b i thoai hoa, ciing la n h i i n g bieu hien cu the ciia nguy cd
"t\i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t\i ben noi bo ciia Dang Do do, cuoc dau t r a n h phong, chong "dien bien hoa b i n h " va ngan chan, day l i i i nguy cd " t u dien bien", " t u chuyen hoa" c6 moi quan he h i i u cd, gan bo chat che v6i nhau; do, ngdn
chan, day liii nguy cd ''tiC dien bien", "tiC chuyen hoa" noi bq ta gilt vai trb quyet dinh thdng Icfi cua cuoc dau tranh phong, chong "dien bien hoa b i n h "
Tai D a i hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thtf X I , D a n g ta chi ro: " T i n h t r a n g suy thoai ve chinh t r i , t\i tiidng, dao dijfc, loi song ciia mot bo p h a n khong nho can bo, dang vien, te quan Heu, t h a m n h i i n g , lang p h i nghiem NhiJng bieu hien xa rdi muc tieu ciia chii nghia xa hoi, " t i i dien bien", "tU chuyen hoa" CO dien bien philc tap"' Bdi vay Hoi n g h i Ian t h i i t i f Ban Chap h a n h T r u n g u:dng Dang (khoa X I ) da r a N g h i quyet ve
Mot so' van de cap bach ue xdy diCng Dang hien nay, khong nhflng da tap t r u n g phan tich l a m ro nguyen n h a n ciia t i n h t r a n g do, ma xac d i n h muc tieu, phiidng cham, giai phap de k h i c phuc T a i Hoi n g h i can bo toan quoc quan t r i e t , t r i e n k h a i N g h i quyet T r u n g ifdng (khoa X I ) , Tong B i t h i i N g u y i n Phii Trong da chi ro nhutng bieu hien suy t h o a i ve t\i tUcfng chinh t r i cua can bo, dang vien, the hien d cho: phai n h a t l y tiicing each mang, khong k i e n d i n h diidng xa hoi chii nghia; dao dong, t h i e u niem t i n , sa sut y chi chien dau, thay dung khong bao ve, thay sai khong dau t r a n h , p h u hoa theo n h i i n g n h a n thiic sai,
1 D a n g C o n g s a n V i e t N a m : Van Men Dai hoi dai bii'u toan quoc thiiXI, Sdd, tr 29