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Các đoạn tiếp theo sau đoạn mở đầu sẽ phát triển tương ứng các ý được đề cập trong câu chủ đề của bài luận, và cách viết tuân thủ theo cách viết đoạn văn đã được đề cập trên.. Ví dụ, đối[r]
(1)HOW TO WRITE A PARAGRAPH
Parts of a Paragraph
1 Topic Sentence Supporting Details Closing Sentence
How to Write a Paragraph
1 Prewriting Paragraphs Writing Paragraphs Editing Paragraphs Publishing Paragraphs
Kinds of Paragraphs
1 Definition Sequence
2 Classification Choice
3 Description Explanation
4 Compare and Contrast Evaluation PART 1: Parts of a Paragraph
1 Topic Sentence
What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of the paragraph How I write one?
(2)Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world First, Canada has an excellent health care system All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price Second, Canada has a high standard of education Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live
2 Supporting Details
What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph What they do?
They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph How I write them?
You should give supporting facts, details, and examples Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world First, Canada has an excellent health care system All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live. 3 Closing Sentence
What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph How I write one?
(3)Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world First, Canada has an excellent health care system All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price Second, Canada has a high standard of education Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live
PART 2: How to Write a Paragraph 1 Prewriting Paragraphs
What is the prewriting stage?
The prewriting stage is when you think carefully and organize your ideas for your paragraph before you begin writing
Six Prewriting Steps:
1 Think carefully about what you are going to write Ask yourself: o What question am I going to answer in this paragraph or essay? o How can I best answer this question? What is the most important
part of my answer?
o How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement) from the most important part of my answer?
o What facts or ideas can I use to support my introductory sentence?
o How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? o Do I need more facts on this topic?
o Where can I find more facts on this topic?
(4)3 Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic Look for and write down facts that will help you to answer your question Timesaving hint: make sure the facts you are writing are related to the exact question you are going to answer in your paragraph or essay 4 Write down your own ideas Ask yourself:
o What else I want to say about this topic? o Why should people be interested in this topic? o Why is this topic important?
5 Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay Choose the most important point you are going to present If you cannot decide which point is the most important, just choose one point and stick to it throughout your paragraph or essay
6 Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea Once you have chosen the most important point of your paragraph or essay, you must find the best way to tell your reader about it Look at the facts you have written Look at your own ideas on the topic Decide which facts and ideas will best support the main idea of your paragraph Once you have chosen the facts and ideas you plan to use, ask yourself which order to put them in the paragraph Write down your own note set that you can use to guide yourself as you write your paragraph or essay 2 Writing Paragraphs
What is the writing stage?
The writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences Five Writing Steps:
1 Open your notebook and word processor
2 Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning
4 Focus on the main idea of your paragraph
(5)3 Editing Paragraphs What is the editing stage?
The editing stage is when you check your paragraph for mistakes and correct them.
Grammar and Spelling Check your spelling Check your grammar Read your essay again
4 Make sure each sentence has a subject
5 See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other Check the verb tenses of each sentence
7 Make sure that each sentence makes sense Style and Organization
1 Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence
2 Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea Make sure you have a closing sentence
4 Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea See if your paragraph is interesting
4 Publishing Paragraphs What is the publishing stage?
The publishing stage is when you produce a final copy of your paragraph to hand in
Three Publishing Steps:
1 Make a paper copy of your paragraph
(6)PART 3: Kinds of Paragraphs 1 Definition Paragraph
When writing a definition paragraph, you take a thing or an idea and explain what it is
Example: Write a paragraph giving the definition of a pest
The following words can help you to write a good definition paragraph:
1 "is defined as"
Example: A pest is defined as any animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property
2 "is a kind of"
Example: A pest is a kind of animal or plant that damages crops, forests, or property
2 Classification Paragraph
When writing a classification paragraph, you group things or ideas into specific categories
Example: Write a paragraph discussing two types of energy resources
The following words can help you to write a good classification paragraph:
o is a kind of Coal is a kind of non-renewable resource.
o can be divided into Energy resources can be divided into two types
o is a type of Coal is a type of non-renewable resource.
o falls under Coal falls under the category of non-renewable resources
(7)o is a part of Coal is a part of the category of non-renewable resources
o fits into Coal fits into the category of non-renewable resources. o is grouped with Coal is grouped with non-renewable
resources
o is related to Coal is related to other non-renewable resources. o is associated with Coal is associated with other non-renewable
resources
3 Description Paragraph
In a description paragraph, you are writing about what a person, place, or thing is like Sometimes, you may describe where a place is located
Examples
Write a paragraph describing what a polar bear looks like
Describe where Canada's industry is located
The following words can help you to write a good description paragraph:
Properties Measurement Analogy Location
size length is like in
colour width resembles above
shape mass/weight below
purpose speed beside
near
north/east/south/west Properties
(8)Example: Polar bears are big in size Colour
Example: Polar bears are usually white in colour Shape
Example: Polar bears have a special shape Purpose
Example: The purpose of the polar bear's fur is to keep it warm Measurement
Length
Example: The length of a polar bear's claws is 20 cm Width
Example: The width of a polar bear's head is about 50 cm mass / weight
Example: Polar bears weigh up to 650 kg Speed
Example: Polar bears can swim at a speed of 40 km per hour Analogy
Is like
Example: A polar bear is like other bears in shape Resembles
Example: A polar bear resembles other bears in shape Location
In
Example: Most of Canada's manufacturing is located in Ontario and Quebec
Above
(9)Example: Most of Ontario is below Hudson Bay Beside
Example: Quebec is located beside Ontario Near
Example: Many companies are located near Toronto north / east / south / west
Example: Ontario is west of Quebec 4 Compare and Contrast Paragraph
In a compare and contrast paragraph, you write about the similarities and differences between two or more people, places, things, or ideas Example: Write a paragraph comparing the weather in Vancouver and Halifax
The following words can help you to write a good compare and contrast paragraph:
Similarities Differences
is similar to the other hand
both however
also but
too in contrast
as well differs from
while unlike Similarities
is similar to
(10)Both
Example: Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring
Also
Example: Halifax also has a rainy spring season Too
Example: Halifax has a rainy spring season, too As well
Example: As well, Halifax has rainy spring season Differences
On the other hand
Example: On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax However
Example: However, winter is much colder in Halifax But
Example: Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one In contrast to
Example: In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter Differs from
Example: Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter While
Example: While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold winter
5 Sequence Paragraph
(11)The following words can help you to write a good sequence paragraph
Order Time
first, second, third, etc recently
in the beginning previously
before afterwards
then when
after after
finally at last
subsequently Order
First, second, third, etc.
Example: First, you need to become a leader of a political party Second, you need to win a seat in the House of Commons Third, your party must have a majority of seats
In the beginning
Example: In the beginning, you need to become a leader of a political party
Before
Example: Before becoming the prime minister, you need to become the leader of a political party
Then
(12)After
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats
Finally
Example: Finally, after all these steps, you can call yourself the prime minister
at last
Example: At last, you can call yourself the prime minister Subsequently
Example: Subsequently, you must make sure you have a majority of seats in the House of Commons
Time Recently
Example: She was recently elected prime minister Previously
Example: She is the new prime minister Previously, she worked as a lawyer in Toronto
Afterwards
Example: She won the party leadership last year Afterwards, she won the election
When
Example: When she won the party leadership, she was still working as a lawyer
after
Example: After winning a seat in the House of Commons, you must make sure you have a majority of seats
(13)In a paragraph where you have to make a choice, you need to choose which object, idea, or action that you prefer Often, you will need to give your opinion on a choice of actions or events
Example: Write a paragraph stating whether you would prefer to play hockey or lacrosse
The following words can help you to write a good choice paragraph:
Point of View Personal Opinion
in my opinion like/dislike
belief hope
idea feel
understanding I think that I consider I believe it seems to me I prefer
Point of View In my opinion
Example: In my opinion, hockey is more fun than lacrosse Belief
Example: My belief is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse Idea
(14)Example: My understanding is that hockey is more fun than lacrosse
I think that
Example: I think that I would prefer to play hockey and not lacrosse I consider
Example: I consider hockey to be more exciting than lacrosse I believe
Example: I believe hockey is more exciting than lacrosse It seems to me
Example: It seems to me that hockey is more exciting than lacrosse I prefer
Example: I prefer hockey over lacrosse Personal Opinions
Like/dislike
Example: I like the sport of hockey because it is fast and exciting Hope
Example: I hope that I can play hockey in the future Feel
Example: I feel that hockey is my favorite sport 7 Explanation Paragraph
In an explanation paragraph, you need to explain how or why something happens Very often in social studies class, you will be asked to explore causes and effects of certain events
Example: Write a paragraph explaining why so many Europeans moved to Canada during the nineteenth century
The following words can help you to write a good explanation paragraph:
(15)because therefore
since thus
as a result of consequently
is due to hence
it follows that if then Cause
Because
Example: People moved to Canada from Europe during the nineteenth century because they had poor living conditions in Europe
Since
Example: Since living conditions in Europe were terrible, many people moved to Canada
As a result of
Example: People moved to Canada from Europe as a result of poor living conditions in Europe
Is due to / was due to
Example: The large influx of people to Canada was due to economic pressures in Europe
Effect Therefore
Example: Living conditions in Europe were terrible Therefore, many people moved to Canada for a better life
Thus
Example: Living conditions in Europe were terrible Thus, many people moved to Canada for a better life
(16)Example: Living conditions were terrible in Europe Consequently, many people moved to Canada
Hence
Example: Living conditions were terrible in Europe Hence, many people moved to Canada
It follows that
Example: Living conditions were terrible in Europe It follows that many people moved to Canada.
If then
Example: If living conditions were better in Europe, then fewer people would have moved to Canada
8 Evaluation Paragraph
In an evaluation paragraph, you make judgments about people, ideas, and possible actions You need to make your evaluation based on certain criteria that you develop In the paragraph, you will state your evaluation or recommendation and then support it by referring to your criteria
Example: Write a paragraph evaluating whether pesticides should be used on farms
The following words can help you to write a good evaluation paragraph: Criteria for Evaluation Recommendation
good / bad suggest
correct / incorrect recommend
moral / immoral advise
right / wrong argue
(17)Criteria Good / bad
Example: The use of pesticides such as DDT is bad for the environment
Correct / incorrect
Example: The belief that pesticides must be used is incorrect Moral / immoral
Example: The use of pesticides to control pests is immoral because it harms the environment
Right / wrong
Example: It is wrong to use pesticides because they harm the environment
Important / trivial
Example: The issue of pesticides is an important one because it affects the environment
Recommendation Suggest
Example: I suggest that pesticides should not be used to control pests Recommend
Example: I recommend that pesticides should not be used because they are harmful to the environment
Advise
Example: I would advise farmers not to use pesticides if possible Argue
Example: I would argue that pesticides should not be used because they harm the environment
(18)Một đoạn văn loạt câu phát triển, ủng hộ, chứng minh ý đó, ý thường câu chủ đề (topic sentence) đoạn văn Các câu lại (supporting sentences) phát triển, giải thích, minh họa cho câu chủ đề Câu kết luận (concluding sentence) đoạn văn câu khẳng định lại câu chủ điểm, tóm tắt lại ý đoạn văn 1. Topic sentence
o Introduces the topic in the paragraph
o Is the most general sentence in the paragraph
o Contains controlling ideas that the following sentences in the paragraph will explain/ define/ clarify/ illustrate
* A controlling idea is a word or phrase that the reader can ask questions about: How? Why? In what ways? What does that mean? Ex: The conical leaf hat is one of the typical features of the Vietnamese culture
Topic: conical leaf hat
Controlling ideas: What is it? (typical feature of the Vietnamese culture), In what way is it typical?
2. Supporting sentences
develop the topic sentence by giving: o reasons
o examples o facts o statistics o quotations
3. Concluding sentence
o Signals the end of the paragraph
o Summarizes the main points of the paragraph/ restates the topic sentence without copying exactly
(19)Vậy trước viết đoạn văn, HS theo bước sau:
o Liệt kê tất ý nghĩ có liên quan đến chủ đề
o Đọc chủ đề cho sẵn, chọn viết câu chủ đề Gạch chân câu chủ đề để nhắc em trọng tâm đoạn văn o Viết ý giải thích làm rõ câu chủ đề
o Với ý lớn, viết ví dụ, số liệu…dùng để minh họa o Nghĩ cách kết thúc đoạn văn viết
Sau làm dàn ý trên, bắt đầu viết bám sát dàn ý vạch
Để đoạn văn liên kết với thống mạch chảy viết, HS phải biết cách sử dụng từ nối câu cho hợp lý Sau bảng từ/ cụm từ nối
Useful expressions
Sequencing/ Listing First of all, First(ly), Initially, To begin with; Second(ly); Third(ly); Next; Then; After that (this); Following this (that); Finally; The first reason is…/ The second is…; Last but not least… Adding to what you have
said
Also, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Besides, As well as, Similarly, not only…but also…, even beside this/ that
Contrasting In contrast to this, On the contrary, In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, While, Whereas, However, Despite/ In spite of, Although, Even though, Otherwise, Nonetheless
(20)Consequently, Hence, Thus, Therefore, So
Giving examples For example, For instance, In particular, Particularly, That is to say, Namely, Such as
Restating In other words, That is to say, To put it simply
Inferring In other words, In that case, or else, Otherwise
Summarizing In summary, To sum up, To conclude, To recapitulate, In conclusion, In short, In brief, In a nutshell, Lastly, Finally Writing an essay
Một luận viết dài thường gồm nhiều đoạn đoạn văn thường theo cấu trúc đoạn văn trình bày Tuy nhiên, cách viết đoạn mở đầu (introductory paragraph) đoạn kết (concluding paragraph) đặc thù sau:
1 The introductory paragraph • The attention getter
- a sentence that gets the reader interested • The main idea
- the topic or thesis of the essay
• The guide/ thesis statement (the last sentence of the introductory paragraph)
- a list of the points that will be discussed, thus showing the organization of the composition
(21)- Attention getter: There are many things that symbolize the Vietnamese culture
- Topic/ thesis: Among these is the conical leaf hat, a symbol of traditional Vietnamese girls
- The guide/ thesis statement: The hat is very special because of its physical features and its use
2 Body
Các đoạn sau đoạn mở đầu phát triển tương ứng ý đề cập câu chủ đề luận, cách viết tuân thủ theo cách viết đoạn văn đề cập Ví dụ, phần mở trên, phần thân có đoạn: Paragraph 1: physical features & Paragraph 2: its use
3 The concluding paragraph
Là đoạn cuối luận Thường có cách để viết đoạn kết • A summary repeats the main points of the essay
• A prediction discusses what will happen in the future
• An evaluation compares the main points and states what is best Tóm lại:
Structure of the Paragraph and the Essay • Main idea (topic sentence or thesis)
• Support for the main idea (a number of supporting details in a paragraph or a number of paragraphs in an essay)
• Conclusion (summary of the main points of support for the main idea) The writing process for the Paragraph and the Essay
• First steps
o understanding the assignment o narrowing the topic
(22)o formulating a main idea • Generating ideas
o stating the main idea o brainstorming o freewriting o listing o clustering o diving • Organizing ideas
o Drafting o Revising o Editing
Writing an argumentative essay
Thể loại viết tranh luận thường gặp vấn đề có mặt, ví dụ ưu nhược máy tính/ Internet… Đề thường yêu cầu cho biết quan điểm vấn đề đó; ủng hộ hay chống đối; hồn tồn đồng ý hay bất đồng
Thể loại viết tranh luận theo cấu trúc luận, từ đoạn mở đầu, đoạn thân bài, kết luận Tuy nhiên, viết tranh luận thường u cầu kỹ viết riêng; ngơn ngữ sử dụng để tranh luận, chứng minh hay biện giải cho quan điểm đưa Sau số ngôn ngữ hữu dụng cần viết thể loại
1. Introducing arguments • First of all,…
• On the other hand,…
• It is worth remembering that… • Another advantage is…
(23)• What is more,
• Some people believe that… • To begin with…
2. Contrasting a previous statement or justifying an opinion a. Common expressions
o On the other hand,… o In spite of this,…
o It is worth pointing out, however,… o In contrast,…
o There again,… o Others feel that…
o Nevertheless/ However? Nonetheless o That may be true, but…
o In my opinion, it is true to say…
o Personally, I believe/ I not believe that…
o Having said that, it is important to remember that… o At the same time, I feel that…
o Although some people feel…
o Perhaps the most important point, however, is… o Another important consideration is that… o One of the main arguments against … is… Several objections to…may be raised
o All things considered/ On balance, it is fair to say that… o It is inevitable/ undeniable that…
(24)o On the whole/ Overall,…
o Many people would disagree with the assertion/ idea that… o The fact that… does not mean…
o It may be true that…but…
o However, it is doubtful/ I doubt whether…
b. Use double negative to give emphasis to an unexpected
o While it is not unusual/ uncommon/ impossible for sb/ sth to sth, it is quite usual/ common/ possible that…
o While it is not inconceivable that…, there is slight possibility that…
c. Summarizing
Nên tóm tắt ý vừa thảo luận để giới thiệu phần tranh luận tiếp theo, nhằm cho người đọc biết tranh luận theo hướng Có thể dùng ngơn ngữ sau:
o Having looked at/ discussed a number of problems/ benefits, we should now consider…
o Given the problems/ factors which have been outlined, we can now turn to the question of…/ we need to ask…/ we have to examine the case
3. Concluding o In conclusion,… o In summary,…
o To conclude/ To sum up/ To summarize,… o In short,…
o In the last analysis,…
(25)Khi mô tả phim/ sách, HS nên đưa vào phần sau: o Title and author
o Type of book/ film o Characters
o Events in the film/ book o Your opinion of the film/ book o Personal recommendation
2. How to write a. Viết tiêu đề
Tiêu đề phim/ sách thường gạch in nghiêng Từ quan trọng thường viết hoa, từ chức and, in, a… thường viết thường chúng từ tiêu đề
Ex: Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands
b. Dùng tính từ để làm cho mơ tả phim/ sách hấp dẫn
o Type of book/ film: a detective story/ film; a romantic novel; a love story film; an adventure story; a science fiction novel; a historical novel; a humorous story; a thriller
o Adjectives to describe film/ book: funny; hilarious; horrifying = frightening; interesting; gripping; exciting; fascinating; entertaining; brilliant; realistic; sad; tragic; imaginative; touching = moving; action-packed; well-written; well-directed; well/beautifully-filmed; wonderfully-acted…
o Adjectives to describe author/ director: great; skilled; observant; gifted = talented; perceptive; entertaining…
c. Cấu trúc
(26)on…; It’s adapted from…; It lasts about…hour(s); The story is very simple/ complicated
o Bày tỏ ý kiến cá nhân: The (acting/ story/ graphics) is/ are brilliant/ terrible.; The best/ worst thing(s) about it is/ are…; … is really boring/ annoying/ exciting.; Another thing I really liked/ hated was…; One weak point was…; It’s well worth seeing.; I’d recommend it to anyone who likes…; I wouldn’t recommend it to anyone…
o Thì V: dùng simple present để mơ tả phim/ sách dù kể lại kiện xảy khứ
o Dùng ngữ đồng vị:
Ex: Titanic, a tragic love story film, is about a couple on a sinking ship V Describing a place
1 Outline o What it is o Location o Size o Population o Area
o Main attractions
o Your feeling (s)/ opinion(s) 2 Useful language
o What: It is a small/ big village/ town/ city.; It is … in area.; Its total area is …; It has a population of…
o How: cosmopolitan; crowded; densely-populated; sparsely-populated; exciting; romantic; charming; historical; industrial; noisy; ugly; modern; old-fashioned; ancient; peaceful; polluted; popular with tourists…
(27)o Main attractions: an industrial area; beautiful scenery nearby; an underground system or trams; sandy beaches; docks or a habour; spectacular views; shopping malls or street markets; a carnival/ festival or other events
VI Writing an announcement about a sports event
Writing an announcement viết tin để thơng báo một kiện Vì thế, ngơn ngữ thơng báo thường ngắn gọn, rõ ràng dễ hiểu Thông thường để thu hút ý người đọc, nội dung thường in đậm, gạch dưới, viết in hoa
Tips
o Keep it short, inviting and to the point
o Making the information in the announcement clear and complete
o Be straightforward and concise so the reader can get the information quickly and be able to refer to it easily
Ngoài ra, chữ viết tắt đôi lúc sử dụng, mạo từ, giới từ… bỏ
HO CHI MINH COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION In celebration of the International Workers’ Day Friendly Football Match
Cantho Youth Union vs Local Sports Club p.m Sunday, March 26, 201…
School Stadium *************
All teachers and students are invited. Nguyen Van A
(28)Về nội dung, thông báo kiện thể thao thường bao gồm thông tin sau:
Who that announcer is What the event is The purpose of the event
When and where the event will take place Who can come
Ví dụ đoạn văn viết tiếng Anh:
Your school organizes a competition for students to write about The world in which I would like to live in the year 2020
Below is an essay by one of the studens.
My ideal world would be a peaceful one There are no wars or conflicts between nations People won't have to live under the threat of terrorism but all live together in harmony Everyone has a job to do, and there is a good healthy standard of living for all I would also wish to live in a clean healthy environment with less noise and less pollution There are more and larger parks where children can play and wildlife can be protected But my main desire is to see people less materialistic, less selfish, less violent and more loving than they are now (Trang 89 - 90 SGK Tiếng Anh 12)
Bản dịch tiếng Việt:
(29)Trong đoạn văn trên, câu (My ideal world would be a peaceful one.) câu chủ đề, topic My ideal world controlling idea a peaceful one (hiểu a peaceful world)
Các câu văn lại supporting sentences
Tác giả xếp supporting sentences theo trật tự từ chi tiết quan trọng đến quan trọng
Đề thi bạn gặp: Write about the ideal world in which you would like to live in the year 2020 (Trang 90 SGK Tiếng Anh 12)
Như vậy, kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia, đề yêu cầu viết đoạn văn, em cần bình tĩnh thực bước sau:
1/ Viết câu chủ đề (cần triệt để lợi dụng đề để viết thành câu chủ đề.)
2/ Kiểm tra lại câu chủ đề để biết câu chủ đề có topic controlling idea
3/ Tìm ý để chứng minh/diễn giải ý cách đặt câu hỏi mở đầu từ nghi vấn Lưu ý: độ dài đoạn văn bị khống chế nên em cần đặt khoảng câu hỏi Nhớ câu hỏi phải liên quan đến câu chủ đề
4/ Ráp câu trả lời cho câu hỏi (supporting sentences) lại thành đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh Cần nhớ mấu chốt bước phải biết sử dụng trật tự để ráp nối supporting sentences 5/ Cân nhắc có nên viết câu kết hay khơng Nếu khơng chắn bỏ qua bước
6/ Kiểm tra lại lỗi tả, lỗi ngữ pháp có câu viết bạn Lưu ý: phần viết thư, em nên dùng loại câu đơn giản câu đơn, câu kép, câu phức Nói chung, từ ngữ, cách diễn đạt rõ ràng, đơn giản tốt
PRACTICE EXERCISES
(30)(31)(32)Topic 3: DESCRIBING PLACES OF INTEREST
(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)Exercise 1:
Imagine you are an American student volunteer, who stayed in Mrs Mai’s house during your one-month volunteer campaign in a remote villagw Now you have just returned home Write a letter to thank her for her special help and care to you and your friends during the time you stayed there
OUTLINE YOUR WRITING
1 Paragraph 1 September 12th, 2015
- reason to write New York
(41)Exercise 2:
Some people think that family is the most important influence on young adults Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults Which view you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
(42)Exercise 3:
Write a description of the popular celebrations in Vietnam [e.g Mid-autumn festival, National Independence Day, Tet Holiday] Your description should include the following main points
Name of the festival Time of the festival purpose of the festival main activities of the festival
your fellings about the festival {whether you like it or not and the reasons}
(43)(44)In 130-150 words, write a paragraph on what you like and don’t like about out Tet holidays Your writing hsould include the activities people often before and during Tet, the food and the weather at Tet You may use the cues below
Before Tet: clean and decorate the house/buy peach flowers, kumquat trees/ buy things {sweets, candies, ….}
During Tet: cook traditional foods/ go to pagoda or church/ visit relatives and friends/ ………
Typical foods: banh chung/ fruit jams/
The weather: cold and wet/ cool and windy/ sunny
(45)Exercise 5: an essay
Write a paragraph of 120-150 words about the measures to protect the environment, using the cues below:
OUTLINE YOUR WRITING
Introduction: we/ try to find sollutions/ environment pollution
We are trying to find sollutions to the
environment pollution There are a number of
(46)Body:
- people/ stopcutting trees for timbers/ instead, they/ plant more trees and forests./ - people/ reduce using cars, motorbike/ that cause noise and air pollution./
- we / prevent farmers/ use fertilizers and pesticides/ that damage soil./
- people/ not to leave/ litter on land and in water./
(47)Conclusion:
- it/ be/ high time/ government/ have suitable measures/ that require companies, individuals/ stop cutting down/ polluting activities
Exercise 6:
Imagine Vietnam is going to host the coming Asian Games Write a paragraph of 130-150 words to desvribe the preparations for the games, using the cues below
OUTLINE YOUR WRITING
Build: more national stadium, some sportd buildings and cars parks
To prepare for the coming Asian Games, we have a lot of things to
First of all, we will
(48)Widen: training ares and roads to sports buildings
Equip: hotels, guess houses, with modern facilities [also special services for disabled athletes]
Promote and advertise: preparations for the Asian Games on TV and radio
Recruit: voluteers to serve the Games [university teachers and students with good English]
Hold: competition to choose an official song
(49)Write a paragraph of 130-150 words about your collection, real or imaginary These guidelines may help you
OUTLINE YOUR WRITING
Name of collectiom How to collect them How to keep them When to start it How to clasify them Why to collect
(50)Exercise 8:
“Fifty years from now life will be much easier and healthier for ordinary people than it is today.”
Do you agree or dis agree with the statement Give the reasons
(51)(52)Write a paragraph of 130-150 words about your class’s camping holiday, real or imaginary, using the information below
OUTLINE YOUR WRITING
- the bus leaving the school at a.m
- putting up the unberella tents
- watching wildlife in the forest
- swimming in the lake
- going fishing and hiking
(53)- singing and dancing around the campfire
- playing games
- leaving the campsite at p.m the next day
- felling relax and active
* useful words: campgrounds/ wildeness/ waterfalls/ dirt bike/ trash/ gaint trees/ depressed/ solitude/
* be atracted to the beauty of nature/ like the solitude of the wildeness/ enjoy spectacular scenery/ have a lot of outdoor activities/ get close to nature/ become more active/ sleep in a tent/ the weather was bad/ …
Exercise 10:
Below are some notes made by a visitor to the Ponagar Cham Tower in Nha Trang Use his/her notes to write a report of 130-150 words on the visit
(54)1 Brief information: - Brief tour to Ponagar Cham Tower in Nha Trang
- example of Cham architecture in central Vietnam
2 Details
- consists of towers - located on Cu Lao Marble Hill, km north Nha trang
- built between 8th and 13th centuries
(55)Statue 2.6m high, with 10 hands, hold objects, illustrate the buddha’s power
3 Summary of the visit
- last hours
- tiring but enjoyable, memorable
Exercise 11:
What rules you have in your family Write a paragraph of 180-200 words about your family rules You can use the cues below
(56)Preparing meals Watching TV
Talking on the phone
Using the family motorbike Going out with friends ………
Example here Your writing here Every family has its
own rules Mine has a few First, I have to prepare meals because my mother is very busy with her work Next, I am permitted to watch TV after I have finished my homework My mother also lets me talk on the phone with friends provided that I don’t use it too long As a girl, I am not permitted to come home late except for some special reasons My parents don’t allow me to use the family motorbike for fear that I may have accident Despite the severe rules, we all feel comfortable and safe because we know that our parents want the best things for us
(57)Exercise 12: 1 Paragraph 1
(58)2 Paragraph 2
(59)3 Paragraph 3
(60)(61)(62)(63)2 Writing task.
Example:
My ideal world will be an interesting one People won’t use money or credit cards anymore Special machines will read our fingerprints and we will pay for thing that way We will not have to type on computers Instead, we will say the words and the computer will type them Cars will drive themselves We will just tell the cars where to go So kids at my age will be able to drive We will have a pet robot dog I will not have to feed it, and I will not have to walk it The dog will only need batteries
People will live longer, and they will be active longer People will not get sick any more There will be many more treatments to cure sickness Your outline here Your writing here
- World peace:
He/She would like to live in a peaceful world
There will be no wars, no conflicts People won’t have to live under the threat of terrorision
People all over the world live in harmony - Employment:
Every one will have jobs
(64) There will be clean
and healthy
environment
There will be less noise, less pollution, larger parks and wildlife will be well protected
- People:
People will be less materialistic, selfish, violent and more loving
Exercise 16: 1 Example
Problems Solutions
1/ People not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals
2/ Projects to save endangered animals not have sufficient
a/ Punish severely those who poach for their horns, meat and skin and those who buy and sell wildlife products illegally
(65)funds
3/ The habitats for endangered animals are being seriously damaged and polluted
4/ People who live in or near endangered animals’ habitats have poor living conditions and rely mostly on wildlife products for their livelihood
5/ Some countries not have laws to protect endangered animals
6/ People keep buying fashionable wildlife products 7/ There are not enough wildlife habitat reserves
endangered animals for food and for commercial purposes
c/ Ask other non-governmental organizations and individuals to sponsor by advertising them on mass media
d/ Establish more wildlife habitat reserves
e/ Ask people not to use these products Make them feel guilty to use them
f/ Preserve good habitats for endangered species by banning dumping wastes into the sea, making campfires in the forests or destroying the forests
g/These animals should be kept together in their natural habitat so that they can be productive and saved from extinction
Answer: 1b 2c 3f 4a 5g 6e 7d
2 Writing task
Write a paragraph of 180-200 words about measures for protecting endangerd animals
Your outline here Your writing here USEFUL
EXPRESSIONS - There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals
(66)First of all, ………
There should be One thing we can is
Moreover……
Last but not least, … We can see that………
(67)Example:
I would like to introduce you “Falling into bed”, a funny story It was written by Phil Healey Last autumn an Englishman went to the United States to visit some important places On the last day of his holiday he went to New York to visit the Empire State Building The weather was cold and it was very windy but he walked up… and up and up He arrived at the top and looked down at the street below Suddenly there was a strong wind and he fell off the building But when he was only a hundred metres from the street, a big car came round the corner with a bed on top of it He hit the bed, not the road Lucky man !
“Falling into bed” is a strange and interesting story
2 Writing task:
Write a report of 180-200 words on the book you have read recently The folowing questions can help you.
Your outline here Your writing here
S1:general introduction
(68)Bed
4 Who is the author? Phil Healey
9 What the type of book is it? A funny story
S2:Summary of the book’s content
2 Where is the book set? New York
5 What is the main theme of the book? Urban myths
6 Who are the main characters? Englishman What is the plot of the story?
S3:Conclusion
1.What was your opinion of the book?
3.would you
recommend the book?
Exercise 18:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? “ You shouold never make a decision on your future career alone.”
(69)(70)Exercise 19:
Write a composition of about 180-200 words on the following topic
“ The invention of the Internet has had negative effect on our children.”
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
(71)Exercise 20:
(72)Write a composition of about 180-200 words, using specific reasons and examples to support your answer
(73)Exercise 21:
“Good books are good teachers and friends.”
Write a composition of about 180-200 words, using specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
(74)(75)“In the future students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such as computers or television, or of studying at traditional schools Which you prefer?”
Write a composition of about 180-200 words to support your position
(76)Exercise 23:
“Some people prefer to live in the countryside Others thinkliving in big cities is better and comfortable Which place you prefer to live in?”
Write a paragraph of about 180-200 to explain your choice
(77)(78)“Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a group Others think that it is always better to work in groups Which you prefer?”
Write a paragraph of about 180-200 words to support your position
(79) size length is like in colour width resembles above shape mass/weight below purpose speed beside near north/east/south/west is similar to the other hand both however also but too in contrast as well differs from while unlike first, second, third, etc. recently in the beginning previously before afterwards then when after after finally at last subsequently in my opinion like/dislike belief hope idea feel understanding I think that I consider I believe it seems to me I prefer because therefore since thus as a result of consequently is due to hence it follows that if then good / bad suggest correct / incorrect recommend moral / immoral advise right / wrong argue important / trivial n,