Xây dựng hệ chuyên gia cố vấn học tập theo hệ thống tín chỉ

•', , -r\ TRirCKVG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRLTCiNG LE HOANG ANH KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP DAI HOC NGANH ClT NHAN TIN HOC XAY DU^G HE CHUYEN GIA CO VAN HOC TAP THEO HE THONG TIN CHI TRUCSNG DAI HOC AN GIANG THUVIEN Giang vien huang dan: ThS Doan Thanh Nghj An Giang, 05/2009 LO^ CAM TA Kinh dang len cha me, ngu6i da sinh va chap btroc cho vao doi! Thanh kinh bi6t on! TMy Doan Thanh Nghi chu nhiem khoa Ky Thuat - Cong Nghe - Moi Tniong truong Dai hoc An Giang da hirdng din, giup va dong vi&n em rat nhiSu suot thai gian thirc hien d6 tai khoa luan Cac thay co bo mon Tin Hoc da nhiet tinh huong din va tao moi dieu kien thuan loi cho em hoan de tai Co chu nhiem Le Thi Minh Nguyet cung cac thly co Khoa Ky Thuat - Cong Nghe - Moi Trudng truong Dai hoc An Giang da truy^n dat nhiing kien thiic Ian kinh nghiem quy bau cho em su6t nhftng nam dai hoc Do la hanh trang de em co the vitag tin buoc vao dbi Chan cam on! Toan the ban be, nguoi than da nhiet tinh giup do, chia se va dong vien toi qua trinh hoc tap va thai gian thirc hien de tai khoa luan Tap thS lop DH6TH2 da nhiet tinh giup d5 va luon d6ng hanh cung toi nhftng nam qua Xin chfin cam an' L^I NOIDAU Trong nhftng nam qua, cong ngh^ thong tin da va dang co nhieu ftng dung nhieu Hnh vuc d6i s6ng Viec sir dung va thiSt kS cac co so dft lieu cung nhu viec lam quen vcd cac phan mem xft ly dft lieu da dan dan trft nen quen thuoc ca quan, truang hoc cung nhu doi vfti can bo, sinh vien Tuy nhien, tri thftc la mt dang dft lieu d|c biet horn duac xu ly bang cac cong cu cua cong nghe thong tin chua duac dap ling rang rai Khai niem ve tri thftc cung xuat hien nhi^^u cung vai c^c thuat ngft "kho thong tin", "khai pha dft lieu" hay "cong nghe tri thftc" thuc sir la thach thftc doi vfti nhftng c^n bo nganh cong nghe thong tin va ca nhftng can bo nganh khac He chuyen gia la chuang trinh may tinh duac thi^t ke de mo hinh hoa kha nang giai quySt van de cua ngucri chuyen gia He chuyen gia truac day da duac nhftc den nhieu lmh vuc cua tri tue nhan tao, hay cac ftng dung v6 tri thftc Tri thftc la cai nguai cSn dung de cai thien cuoc song cua minh (D Trung Tuan, 1999) Truac tien nguai co nhftng thao tac xft 1^ dft lieu, r6i ho co nhu c^u xft ly kh6i luqng Ion thong tin, r6i dSn cac dft lieu dang tri thftc Dich d^^u tien cua tri tue nhan t^o la phat tri^n cac may tinh "nghi" nhu ngubi; tiep theo la phat trien cac he thbng tea giftp nguai teong cong viec quyet dinh Buac sau nfta cua tri tue nhan tao la hieu each suy luan cua nguai Viec phat trien mot chuang teinh doi hoi hieu each nguai luu teft va xft ly tei thftc Gi^i quy6t duac viec co nghla da tim duac each tot han cho viec sir dung va kham pha tri thftc Mot nhftng dong gop ion cua tei tue nhan tao truac yeu ciu cfta nguai ve tri thftc la cac he chuyen gia Mpt hS chuyen gia la chuang trinh may tinh cho phep mo phong vi^c quyet dinh cua chuyen gia No duac thiSt ke cho ltnh vuc hep, tuang ttr nhu cai ma chuySn gia quan tam, nhu chan doan y hqc, thiet ke may tinh, lap lich Kh6a luan ftng dung he chuyen gia gi^i quyt via dS, h tea sinh vien chpn cac mon hQC phu hop, cac hoc phan co th dang ky hoc ky theo he thbng tin chi TINH CAP THIET CUA DE TAI Trong qua trinh trubng Dai hoc An Giang dang giai doan chuyen sang dao tao theo he th6ng tin chi Day Ik giai doan chuydn giao tit phucmg phap d^o tao theo hoc phdn sang dao tao theo tin chi nen co nhieu van de bo ngo doi voi sinh vien va cac giang vien tnrong chuydn sang phucrng phap dao tao moi Cach chuyen diem tir he thong cu theo phtrong phap dao tao theo hoc phan sang phuong phap dao tao theo tin chi, so tin chi da hoan thanh, cac hoc phan co the dang ky, cac hoc pMn can hoan thanh, cac hpc phan tu chpn co the chon, Ik van d quan tam cua sinh vien va gi^ng vi^n Tir nhung nhu cau rat cap thiet tren cua c^c ban sinh vien va cac giang vien vk cung la ni tran tro cua tdt c^ cac sinh vien chuy^n sang phuong phap dao tao theo he thong tin chi N6i tran trd cua cac sinh vi6n chuyen sang phucrng ph^p dao tao theo he thong tin chi, cac ban da dat duoc bao nhieu tin chi chuyen sang phuong phap dao tao moi, so tin chi can hoan th^m, nhthig hoc phan can hoan them la gi Cac hoc phan nen dang ky d6 co thS hoc t6t D6 theo chuyen ng&nh nao ban nen dang ky nhQng hoc phSn tu chon nao di phu hop va hoc t6t chuyen nganh hoac voi cac hoc phdn da hoan cac ban co the dang ky nhung hoc phdn nao dd hijc tdt nhttng hpc phan So tin chi cac ban duoc dang ky hpc ky Nhftng quy dinh vd didm so, kidm tra, thi va truong i MUC LUC CHI/ONG 1: TONG QUAN VE HE CHUYEN GIA1 I.JJe chuyen gia1 II.Pham vi ling dung va tac dung cua he chuyen gia1 III.Cau true cua he chuyen gia2 1.Co sd tri thi'ic2 2.Bo nh& lam viec3 3.Motosuy luan3 IV.Cac dac tinh cua he chuyen gia3 1.Tdch cdc tri time kiwi iliSu khien3 2.Tri thwc chuyen gia4 3.Tap trung nguon chuyen gia4 4.Lap luan tren cdc ky hieu5 5.Lap luan may rui5 6.Lap lupt khong chinh xdc5 7.Khd ndng gidi6 8.Do pluic tap vieaphdi cua van cli6 9.Chdp nhan sai lam6 V.Kit luan7 CHlTONG 2: THE HIEN TRI THUC9 I.Cac loai tri thirc9 1.Gift thieu ve tri thuc9 2.Cdc dang tri tltitc.10 II.Cac ky thuat th hien tri thirc11 1.Thi hien tri thuc bang cap ba dSi ttc^ng - thudc tinh - gia tri.12 1.1.Gift thieu12 1.2.Cac su kien nhan mt gia tri hay nhieu gia tri13 2.The hien tri thicc nh& cdc luat14 2.1.Gift thieu14 2.2.Khai thac thu tuc15 2.3.Cac dang khac cua luat16 2.4.Dung bien luat17 III.Cac luat he chuyen gia18 1.Gidi illicit vide lap hum18 2.Cdc kieu lap hum da dang he thong lap hum19 3.Xdc dinh dp tin city cua cdu trd led nhitxdc siuit20 4.May rui thu thap tri thwc20 5.Tao tri time mod21 6.Sir twang tdc luat.21 7.Hai thai ewe cua cdc he thdng dim tren luat21 IV.Ketluan22 CHLTONG 3: CAC KY THUAT SUY LUAN23 I.Suy luan23 / Modus ponens vd modus tollens23 2.Gidivdndi.24 3.Gidi vdn di mot each tw nhien26 II.Suy luan tien/lui27 1.Tdngquan.27 2.Suy luan tien 28 ' 2.1 Giai thieu28 2.2 Giai quy^t xung dot30 3.Suy luan lui32 3.1.Giai thieu32 3.2.Lett lich cac dich34 3.3.Cac dich nguai dungdatra34 3.4.Cac dich luat tao ra35 4.Ifu nhwoc diem cua cdc ky thuat suy luan36 4.1.Uu di^m cua suy luan ti^n36 4.2.Nhuqc diem cua suy Mn tien36 4.3.Uti diem cua suy luan lui36 4.4.Nhucrc di^m cua suy luan lui36 4.5.Ch^n giQa suy lutin tien va suy luan lui36 5.Kit harp suy luan tiin vd suy luan lui37 5.1.Cac he thong phan tach37 5.2.Ma thuat38 III Kctluan39 CHUONG 4: ETNG DUNG TIT VAN CHON HQC PHAN THEO HE THONG TIN CHI CHOSINHVIEN40 I.Mo ta bai toan40 1.Cdc chiec ndng chinh'.41 2.Cdc loai ngiedfi dung.41 II.Phan tich42 1.Phan tick nghiep vu42 1.1.Cac mo hinh chute nang nghiep vu42 1.2.Lucre d6 truang hop sit dung (Use Cases Diagram)43 2.Phan tich he thong45 2.1.Bilu d6 lop45 2.2.Bieu lop tham gia cho bi6u mlu form45 III.Thi^ke46 1.Thiit hi hS thing.46 1.1.Mo ta cac lop d6i tuong46 1.2.Quan he giua cac bang (Relationships)50 1.3.Du: lieu mau cua cac luat co so du lieu51 1.4.Cac luat hi thiic52 1.5.Rang buoc toan ven53 2.Thiit hi nghiep vu56 2.1.D$c ta cac truong hop str dung (Use Cases Pecification)56 2.2.Hien thuc hoa cac Use Cases59 2.3.Lucre d6 tudn tu va lucre d6 cong tac59 3.Thiit ki thuat toan65 3.1.Thiet kdmo hinh ba tang cho suy luan luat (xu ly tri thuc)65 3.2.Thi^t kl tlm^t toan Forward - Chaining66 4.Thiit hi phan mini he thing67 5.Thiit higiao dien68 TONG KET DANH GIA71 TAI LIfU THAM KHAO72 DANH M^C HINH Hinh 1.1: So sdnh chuyen gia \k h| chuyen gia1 Hinh 1.2: So sdnh ve viec giai vin d giura chuyen gia va he chuyen gia2 Hinh 1.3: Kiin trie co bin cia he thing dga tren tri thic3 Hinh 1.4: Cau tnic cua h^ thong chuan dodn h6ng hoc o to4 Hinh 1.5: So sdnh hf chuyen gia vdi chuong trinh binh thuing Hhih 2.1: Vai trd cua tri thiic theo nhd tuong lai hoc A.Toffler10 Hinh 2.2: Cac dang tri thic10 Hinh 2.3: O-A-V cua cau "mdu cila chiic ghi la nau"12 Hinh 2.4: Cdc thuoc tinh cua doi tuong13 Hinh 2.5: C6c bu6c xi ly tri thiic h? thong dvra tren lutit15 Hinh 2.6: Mot ph3n ni dung b^ nhd cho bilt tu6i cua cac cd nhan17 Hhih 3.1: Ding ci suy luan ti6n vi suy luan lui bii to4n 627 Hinh 3.2: C6c hoat d^ng ciah^ th6ng suy luSn tien28 Hinh 3.3: C6c luat bi ch^y, thong tin bo nhcr thay doi suy luata ti6n29 Hhih 3.4: C4c budc suy luan lui33 Hinh 3.5: Qu4 trinh suy luan lui duoc the hien tren d6 thi34 Hinh 3.6: Cac budc xac djnh loi mudi modun35 Bang 4.1 Danh sach cac tic nhan nghi^p vy cua mo hinh42 Bing 4.2 Danh sach cac chuc nang nghifp vp ciia mo hinh42 Hinh 4.3: Luge d6 truing hgp si dpng t6ng quan43 Hinh 4.4: Luge d6 truing hgp sur dvmg chi tiet h| thong43 Hinh 4.5: Luge truing hgp su dpng cho chi tiet nghiep vu44 Hinh 4.6: Luge truing hgp si dpng cho chi tiet quan 1^ dietn44 Hinh 4.7: Bi6u d6 lip45 Hinh 4.8: Bieu d6 cac lip tham gia cho bieu mlu (form)45 Hinh 4.9: Mo ti quan h? giia cac bing50 Hinh 4.10: C6c lugt tri thic dugc ma hia co si di lieu51 Hinh 4.11: Cdc luSt tri thic cua hg thing52 Hinh 4.12: M6 hinh hien thuc hia ede Use Case59 Hinh 4.13: Luge di tuin cho qud trinh dang nhap c6ng59 Hinh 4.14: Luge di cgng tac cho xi ^^ dang nhap cong60 Hinh 4.15: Luge tuan tg d3ng nhSp that bai khfing ton tai usemame60 Hinh 4.16: Luge cgng tAc cho xA ly dAng nhap tht bai khong ton t^i username61 Hinh 4.17: Lugrc tuan tg dang nhap thSt bai sai mat khAu61 Hinh 4.18: Luge db cng tAc cho xii ^^ dang nhp that bai sai password62 Hinh 4.19: Luge db tu&i t\r cho dang k^ m6i th^nh cong62 Hinh 4.20: Luge tuSn tg cho xii ly nh|p di6m63 Hinh 4.21: Luge cgng tdc cho xii ly nhap diem64 Hinh 4.22: M6 hinh ba tang cho xii ^^ luat he th6ng (xii ly tri thiic)65 Hinh 4.23: Cau tnic da lieu cho thu^it todn suy luan tien (Forward Chaining).66 Hinh 4.24: So cay chiic nang67 Hinh 4.25: Giao difn dang nhfp cda chucmg trinh68 Hinh 4.26: Giao di?n chinh cua chuong trinh68 Hinh 4.27: Giao dign quAn 1^ sinh vi6n69 Hinh 4.28: Giao dign bAng diim•.69 Hinh 4.29: Giao di^n tu van70 DANH SACH CAC KY HIEU VA Tlf VIET TAT Tie viet tat Thuat ngCe CSDL Co so du1 lieu (Database) LTM Bo nho1 vTnh cCru (Long Term Memory) O-A-V Doi tiwng - thupc tinh - gia trj (Object-Atribute-Value) STM Bp nho tarn thoi (Short Term Memory) > BJctd Use Case TuVdn Name: TuVan Identifier: UC Description: KM nguii ding muon dugrc oung dip thong tin tu vln di chgn cdc hoc phdn tMch hgp dS dang ky.Goal: Xem thong tin tu vin Preconditions: Ngu^i quan ding phdi dirge dang nhap Assumptions (Tiy chgn, Cdc gia thuyet co the cd) 3.Ket nii du: ligu khong dugc khong c6 csdl, khong dang nhap dugc vdi user 4.Khdng th^ c6 thong tin ti v3n kM nguoi dung chua hoc dugc hgc ^y nao Frequency Use case niy c6 the dugc thgc M?n mgt hgc ky mOt l^n Basic Course: 6.NguM chgn menu Nghifp Vp 7.Chgn menu Tu van 8.Nguii quin ding ci the dang k^ ede hgc ph^n theo he thong tu van ho|c t\r dang ky (Alternate Course A) 9.Nhan nut dang ky 10.K^t thic use case Alternate Course A: KM nguii ding chgn cdc hgc phan khing theo rang buc vl dilm vl si tin cM dugc dang ky hgc kji A.3: Thing bdo "Xin chgn lai hgc ph^n cho phi hgp vii si tin cM ban dugc phep dang ky" A.4: Quay Igi buic Post conditions: Nguii ding xem dugc thing tin tu van Actors: NguoiQuanLy 58 2.2 Hifn thtrc h6a cic Use Case (Mmth^feaNl^pbiS^ -> from Diem from Use Case View from Use Case View fromSWiVten ^fienTfujcHpatTuVan "^ ——x^^^^> from Use Case View from TuVon Hinh 4.12: Mo hinh hi^n fhu-c hAa cac Use Case 23 Lir^e tuan tir vk lirgrc cong tie ^^I ; D^S^r,lce; |2ShowQ 3; Oanfi^iapThartiCon Hinh 4.13: Lir^c tuan tu- cho qu^ trinh dang nhap thdnh cong 59 y ^ap Usnran^ ir aUsaiMmoPosswordO: a EzcUeQueryO; DstBServlce; Hinh 4.14: Lvgrc c$ng ^e cho xfr ly dang nhap cong UDatoServlcoj NguoOunghMnfona 1: ChonDangrftop ftSiowO! riha]) hay ft TAong boo khong Ion t^^ ag Hinh 4.15: Ltr^c tuan tu- dang nhap that bai khong ton tai username 60 raUttrnamePmswcrdO; 6: ExctieQueryO; Hinh 4.16: Lirgrc cgng t^c cho xur ly dang nhap that bai khong ton tai username Hinh 4.17: Lvgrc tuan tv dang nhap that bai sai mat khau 61 raUsanamePasswordO; & ExaieQuaya I Hinh 4.18: Liryc cng t^c cho xa ly dang nhap that bai sai password Hinh 4.19: Lirgrc tuan ty cho dang ky mdi cong 62 Hinh 4.20: Lu^c tuan tu cho xu- ly nhap diem 63 3.2 Thiet ke thuat to&n Forward - Chaining Rules \ — agrestO -agR^esO \ —:gJE25^E3 -ag daarO - ig Rules(System.Collectlons, -|g Conveft2RuleFonri> "\/ -"•- "• •' " !"'''• r i|- II 11 M5SV ia™"^a Sii 1-nhvBNm ?^ If | ^HgS^ airi^ [ 2/18/2010 •4) J3 • '^ f-" % ;• hg^ltltt 2/18/2010 2^8/2010 O^nlhov + x ei Thfrn Xia Uiu MSSV IHgvilin Up JUJEH^BNguvinHJDivAifi DH2TH1 DTH0103B ^PhcmlWnAn OH2TH1 DIH01IEU TiinTnngOiirti DH2TH1 FhanMMiClUig DTHO1O2O5 DH2TH1 t '' • i, -1 ' S^ ' "* 'Hglin-jHg^^^HtDni^l dsa | > N • ' ^;-V\, •^ v-L'i, -LL^-! !"".:•; "' ';" ^"^ S.-i ' ' DTH010^6 OTHoioa^ Ng^TnKhlcDtnh Ng^$nArilDi4i DH2TH1 DH2TH1 DTHOIOOT Duong Tuin Ding UnnOn^ii^ DH2IH1 Diodi 6Atlrii|nac] E • E E E E 0 1^ 2/18^0I0 2/18/2010 2/10/2010 ', 2/18/2010 2/18/2O10 V 1^] -. .vvw.,.,* V.^-^ - Hinh 4.27: Giao di^n quan ly sinh vien ' Hitting Quill) T^nglibiocAi i Too user Ti/.Si Hccph&iiBllingk? 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