Nghiên cứu chế tạo, tính chất quang của vật liệu nano sno2 và sio2 sno2 pha tạp eu3+

B GIÁO D C VÀ ÀO T O TR NGă IăH CăBÁCHăKHOAăHÀăN I BÙI QUANG THANH NGHIÊNăC UăCH ăT O,ăTệNHăCH TăQUANGăC AăV Tă LI UăNANOăSnO2 VÀ SiO2ậSnO2 PHAăT PăEu3+ LU N ÁN TI N S KHOA H C V T LI U HƠăN iăậ 2018 B GIÁO D C VÀ ÀO T O TR NGă IăH CăBÁCHăKHOAăHÀăN I BÙI QUANG THANH NGHIÊNăC UăCH ăT O,ăTệNHăCH TăQUANGăC AăV Tă LI UăNANOăSnO2 VÀ SiO2ậSnO2 PHAăT PăEu3+ Ngành: Khoaăh căv tăli u Mư s μ 9440122 LU N ÁN TI N S KHOA H C V T LI U Ng ih ng d n khoa h c: PGS.TS TR N NG C KHIÊM PGS.TS PH M THÀNH HUY HƠăN iă- 2018 L I CAM OAN Tôi xin cam đoan đơy lƠ cơng trình nghiên c u c a riêng tơi, d is h ng d n c a PGS.TS Tr n Ng c Khiêm vƠ PGS.TS Ph m ThƠnh Huy Các k t qu vƠ s li u nghiên c u lƠ trung th c vƠ ch a t ng công b b t kì cơng trình nƠo c a tác gi khác Hà n i ngày 05 tháng 10 năm 2018 T p th Giáo viên h ng d n Tác gi L IC M N L i đ u tiên, tơi xin đ c bƠy t lịng bi t n sơu s c đ n s h ng d n t n tình c a PGS.TS Tr n Ng c Khiêm, ng i ln h t lịng giúp đ , chia s vƠ đ ng viên c v v t ch t l n tinh th n su t trình lƠm nghiên c u sinh vƠ hoƠn thƠnh lu n án Tôi xin chơn thƠnh c m n PGS.TS Ph m ThƠnh Huy đư h ng d n, truy n đ t, góp Ủ r t nhi u ki n th c chuyên môn vƠ t khoa h c sơu s c, đóng vai trị quan tr ng vi c hoƠn thƠnh cơng vi c nghiên c u sinh vƠ lu n án c a tơi Tơi xin bƠy t tình c m chơn thƠnh vƠ bi t n TS Ngô Ng c HƠ đư nhi t tình giúp đ , b sung nhi u k n ng nghiên c u khoa h c đ tơi có th hoƠn thƠnh đ c n i dung b n lu n án Tôi xin bƠy t lịng kính tr ng vƠ c m n sơu s c đ n GS.TS Nguy n c Chi n v nh ng Ủ ki n chuyên môn, nh ng kinh nghi m quỦ báu giúp tơi q trình nghiên c u khoa h c Tôi xin trân tr ng c m n Ban giám đ c vƠ t p th Cán b Vi n Ơo t o Qu c t Khoa h c V t li u (ITIMS) đư h tr r t nhi u cho trình lƠm nghiên c u sinh vƠ hoƠn thƠnh lu n án V i c s h t ng vƠ h th ng phịng thí nghi m hi n đ i, trang thi t b tiên ti n, vi n ITIMS không ch mang l i m t môi tr ng lƠm vi c nghiêm túc, chu n m c mƠ cịn giúp cho tơi h c t p vƠ nghiên c u khoa h c đ t đ c k t qu t t Tôi xin trơn tr ng c m n Ban giám hi u NhƠ tr ng, Vi n sau ih cTr ng i h c Bách khoa HƠ N i đư t o nh ng u ki n thu n l i nh t đ hoƠn thƠnh lu n án Tôi xin trơn tr ng c m n Ban giám hi u vƠ Lưnh đ o Tr ng i h c Xơy d ng đư h tr t t c nh ng t t nh t, t o m i u ki n thu n l i vƠ ch đ u đưi giúp lƠm nghiên c u sinh vƠ hoƠn thƠnh lu n án Tôi xin chơn thƠnh c m n TS Nguy n c D ng, TS Nguy n V n Toán, TS Ph m V n Tu n, ThS H V n Ch ng, ThS Ph m S n Tùng, ThS Nguy n Th Thùy Linh, ThS Nguy n V n Du nghiên c u sinh vƠ th c s khác c a nhóm Quang n t - Vi n ITIMS đư giúp đ , đ ng viên, chia s r t nhi u ki n th c quỦ giá cho trình h c t p vƠ lƠm nghiên c u sinh Tôi chơn thƠnh c m n t i TS Ph m V n Tòng, ThS L u HoƠng Minh, ThS L ng Minh Tu n vƠ đ ng nghi p B mơn V t lí, Khoa C khí Xơy d ng, Tr ng i h c Xơy d ng đ ng viên vƠ h tr r t nhi u cho công tác, giúp hoƠn thƠnh công vi c nghiên c u sinh Cu i cùng, tơi mu n bƠy t lịng bi t n sơu s c t i gia đình, b m , anh ch em đư h tr vƠ đ ng viên, chia s vƠ ng h v v t ch t vƠ tinh th n su t th i gian lƠm nghiên c u sinh Tôi xin dành tình c m đ c bi t c a t i v Ngô Thúy H ng hai thơn yêu Ti n D ng & c Anh ậ cho tình u, cho s c m thơng, quan tơm, chia s , lƠ ni m tin giúp hoƠn thƠnh lu n án Tác gi _ M CL C Trang DANH M C CÁC CH VI T T T VÀ KÍ HI U i DANH M C CÁC B NG BI U ii DANH M C CÁC HÌNH V iii M ÂU CH NGă1.ăTÔNG QUAN 1.1 Gi i thi u v v t li uăcóăkíchăth c nano 1.1.1 T ng quan v v t li u có kích th c nano 1.1.2 Hi u ng b m t hi u ng giam gi l ng t c a v t li u nano 1.1.2.1 Hi u ng b m t c a v t li u có c u trúc nano 1.1.2.2 Hi u ng giam gi l ng t c a v t li u có c u trúc nano 1.1.3 nh h ng c a s gi m kích th c lên hi u ng l ng t 1.1.4 Tính ch t quang h c c a m t c u trúc l ng t 10 1.2 Gi i thi u v vơt liêu SiO2 12 1.2.2 V t li u SiO2 12 1.2.2 C u trúc c a SiO2 12 1.2.3 M t vài ng d ng c a v t li u SiO2 15 1.3 Gi i thi u v đ t hi m ion Eu3+ 16 1.3.1 Gi i thi u chung v nguyên t vƠ ion đ t hi m 16 1.3.2 Hu nh quang c a ion đ t hi m 17 1.3.2.1 S tách m c n ng l ng c u hình c a ion đ t hi m 17 1.3.2.2 C ch hu nh quang c a ion đ t hi m 19 1.3.2.3 Hi n t ng d ch chuy n phát x không phát x 21 1.3.2.4 Hi n t ng d p t t hu nh quang th i gian s ng c a hu nh quang 21 1.3.2.5 S đ t a đ c u hình gi i thích c ch hu nh quang c a ion đ t hi m 22 1.3.3 Hu nh quang c a ion Eu3+ 24 1.3.3.1 Tính ch t quang c a ion Eu3+ 24 1.3.3.2 Hu nh quang c a ion Eu3+ m ng n n SiO2 26 1.3.3.3 Hu nh quang c a ion Eu3+ m ng n n SiO2ậSnO2 27 1.4 Gi i thi u vơt liêu SnO2 31 1.4.1 Cơu truc m ng tinh th SnO2 31 1.4.2 C u trúc vùng n ng l ng c a SnO2 31 1.4.3 Tính ch t hu nh quang c a v t li u nano SnO2 32 1.5 Ph ngăphap ch t o v t li uăkíchăth c nano 34 1.5.1 Ch t o v t li u nano b ng ph ng pháp th y nhi t 34 1.5.2 Ch t o v t li u nano b ng ph ng phap sol ậ gel 35 CH NGă2.ăTH C NGHIÊM 38 2.1 Quy trình t ng h p v t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p Eu3+ b ngăph ngăphap th y nhi t 38 I 2.1.1 Thi t b hóa ch t s d ng 38 2.1.2 Ch t o v t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 38 2.1.3 H v t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ 41 2.2 Quy trình t ng h p v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p Eu3+ b ng ph ngăphap sol ậ gel 41 2.2.1 Thi t b hóa ch t s d ng 41 2.2.2 Quy trình ch t o v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ 42 2.2.3 Các h m u ch t o 44 2.2.3.1 Các công ngh ch t o vƠ k thu t quay ph đ c s d ng 44 2.2.3.2 Công ngh ch t o vƠ thay đ i t l thành ph n m u 45 2.2.3.3 Công ngh ch t o vƠ thay đ i nhi t đ nung m u sau ch t o 46 2.3 M t s ph ngăphápăphơnătíchăc u trúc c a v t li u 48 2.3.1 Ph ng pháp nhi u x tia X (XRD) 48 2.3.2 Ph ng pháp hi n vi n t quét (SEM) 48 2.3.3 Hi n vi n t truy n qua (TEM) 49 2.3.4 Ph hu nh quang (PL) ph kích thích hu nh quang (PLE) 50 CH NGă3 K T QU VÀ TH O LU N 51 3.1 V t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ ch t o b ngăph ngăphápăth y nhi t 51 3.1.1 Kh o sát c u trúc vƠ kích th c tinh th b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ 51 3.1.2 Phân tích c u trúc hình thái h c 52 3.1.3 Hu nh quang c a v t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 54 3.1.3.1 Ph hu nh quang 3D c a v t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ 54 3.1.3.2 Ph kích thích hu nh quang c a v t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ 55 3.1.3.3 Ph hu nh quang c a v t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ 57 3.1.3.4 Hu nh quang c a b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ ph thu c vào n ng đ t p Eu3+ 59 3.2 V t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ ch t o b ngăph ngăphápăSolă ậ gel 64 3.2.1 S nh h ng c a u ki n công ngh ch t o lên màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 64 3.2.1.1 S nh h ng c a nhi t đ lên hình thái b m t tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 64 3.2.1.2 S nh h ng c a hƠm l ng dung mơi C2H5OH lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 66 3.2.1.3 S nh h ng c a hƠm l ng H2O lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 68 3.2.2 Kh o sát c u trúc c a v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 70 3.2.2.1 Kh o sát c u trúc c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 70 3.2.2.2 Kh o sát c u trúc c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 ph thu c vƠo nhi t đ 71 II 3.2.2.3 S nh h ng c a nhi t đ lên c u trúc c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 72 3.2.2.4 Kh o sát c u trúc c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ ph thu c t l Sn/Si 73 3.2.3 Phân tích c u trúc hình thái h c c a v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậ SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 74 3.2.4 Kh o sát tính ch t quang c a m u v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 75 3.2.4.1 Ph hu nh quang 3D c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ 75 3.2.4.2 Kh o sát ph hu nh quang c a màng nano SiO2 pha t p Eu3+ 76 3.2.4.3 nh h ng c a t l hƠm l ng Sn/Si lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 81 3.2.4.4 nh h ng c a n ng đ t p Eu3+ lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ 90 3.2.4.5 nh h ng c a nhi t đ th p lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ 94 3.2.4.6 nh h ng c a nhi t đ nung m u lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ 95 K T LU N 98 TÀI LI U THAM KH O 100 DANH M CăCƠNGăTRÌNHă ÃăCƠNGăB C A LU N ÁN 111 III DANH M C CÁC CH VI T T T VÀ KÍ HI U T đơy đu T viêt t t Y nghia ET Energy transfer Truyên n ng l CB Conduction Band N ng l ng vùng d n VB Valence Band N ng l ng vùng hóa tr NR Non Radiation D ch chuy n không phát x NIR Near Infra-Red Vùng h ng ngo i g n RDF Rare-Earth Doped Fiber S i quang pha t p đ t hi m PL Photoluminescence Quang huynh quang PLE Photolumminescence Excitation MCVD Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition PCVD Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition XRD X-ray diffraction Nhi u x tia X EDX Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Ph tán s c n ng l ng tia X Hi n vi n t quét phát x tr ng Hi n vi n t truy n qua phơn gi i cao UV - VIS Ultravioletậvisible spectroscopy Ph h p th TEOS Tetraethylorthosilicate Tên hóa ch t FE-SEM HR-TEM đ.v.t.y rpm n v tùy Ủ ng Kich thích quang huynh quang L ng đ ng hóa h c pha h i c i bi n L ng đ ng hóa h c pha h i k t h p plasma nv Round per minute Vòng quay phút i DANH M C CÁC B NG BI U STT B ng 1.1 B ng 1.2 B ng 2.1 Bang 2.2 Bang 2.3 B ng 3.1 N i dung Trang ng b m t c a h t nano c u t o t nguyên S nguyên t vƠ n ng l t gi ng C u hình n t c a nguyên t vƠ ion đ t hi m H m u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ v i n ng đ pha t p Eu3+ thay đ i Hóa ch t thi t b th c nghi m ph ng pháp th y nhi t Hê mơu v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ H m u v t li u 90SiO2ậ10SnO2:0,5%Eu3+/SiO2 ph thu c công ngh sol ậ gel vƠ k thu t quay ph ii 16 41 42 46 64 th y hi u ng x y rõ rƠng, d ch chuy n c a 5D0 ậ 7F1 n i tr i h n h n vƠ b tách thƠnh v ch rõ nét 58λ, 5λ4, vƠ 600 nm, d ch chuy n c a 5D0 ậ 7F2 b d p t t hoƠn toƠn Tuy nhiên, nhi t đ nung ti p t c t ng cao s lƠm suy gi m c ng đ hu nh quang t t c d ch chuy n, b i y c u trúc tinh th tr nên hoƠn h o lƠm cho khuy t t t hay sai h ng m ng m t đi, v y lƠm suy gi m nhanh c ng đ hu nh quang c a v t li u C-êng ®é (®.v.t.y) ex 280 nm 900 1000 1100 1200 D0 - F0 D0 - F1 D0 - F2 7 1300 NhiƯt ®é nung đ ( oC) Hình 3.47 Gi n đ mô t c ng đ hu nh quang ph thu c nhi t đ nung 900 ÷ 1300 oC, c a d ch chuy n l ng c c n 5D0 – 7F (0; 2) d ch chuy n l ng c c t 5D0 – 7F Chúng ch t o thành công v t li u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion đ t hi m Eu3+ (SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+) b ng ph ng pháp sol ậ gel vƠ k thu t quay ph , m u màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ thu đ c có hình thái b m t t t H t nano SnO2 hình thành màng v i c u trúc Rutile - Tetragonal có kích th c h t trung bình c 4,5 nm Quá trình kích thích quang h c gián ti p c a ion Eu3+ thông qua h t nano SnO2 có hi u su t cao h n hƠng ch c l n so v i q trình kích thích tr c ti p lên ion đ t hi m Eu3+ Các nghiên c u v ph phát x đ c tr ng c a ion Eu3+ v t li u đư ch r ng c ng đ hu nh quang đ t giá tr c c đ i v i m u có t l mol Sn/Si = [10/90] Khi thay đ i n ng đ t p Eu3+ t 0,25 ÷ 1,50 % mol, kích thích tr c ti p cho c ng đ hu nh quang t ng m t cách n tính, q kích thích gián ti p c ng đ hu nh quang t ng vƠ bưo hòa n ng đ t 1,00 % mol S ph thu c c a ph phát x lên nhi t đ x lý m u kho ng 900 ÷ 1300 oC c ng đư đ c nghiên c u Phát x hu nh quang ng v i d ch chuy n l ng c c n 5D0 ậ 7F(0, 2) gi m d n b d p t t m u x lý nhi t l n h n 1100 oC Phát x hu nh quang d ch chuy n l ng c c t 5D0 ậ 7F(1) đ t c c đ i nhi t đ 1100 oC 97 K T LU N N i dung c a lu n án nƠy, đư t p trung nghiên c u ch t o vƠ tính ch t quang c a v t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p ion đ t hi m Eu3+ vƠ v t li u mƠng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ C hai d ng v t li u ch t o đ c đ u cho phát x hu nh quang đ c tr ng mƠu đ c a ion Eu3+ r t t t, góp ph n mang l i tính ng d ng cao th c t nh ch t o linh ki n vƠ thi t b n hu nh quang, t quy mô nghiên c u phịng thí nghi m cho t i ng d ng vƠo th c ti n Chúng đư ch t o thƠnh công v t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p ion đ t hi m Eu b ng ph ng pháp th y nhi t 3+  V t li u b t nano SnO2:Eu3+ đ c hình thành có c u trúc Rutile - Tetragonal, h t nano có kích th c ~ 6,5 nm  V t li u cho hu nh quang có c ng đ m nh t i b c sóng 594 620 nm đ c tr ng c a ion Eu3+  Kh o sát đ c q trình kích thích cho hu nh quang b ng hai cách kích thích tr c ti p lên tâm t p kích thích gián ti p thông qua m ng n n SnO2 Hu nh quang thu đ c b ng kích thích gián ti p cho c ng đ t ng m nh g p nhi u l n so v i kích thích tr c ti p, ch ng t có q trình truy n n ng l ng x y ra, n ng l ng t v t li u n n SnO2 đư đ c chuy n vƠ kích thích cho tâm quang ion đ t hi m Eu3+  Hu nh quang c a ion Eu3+ ph thu c rõ ràng vào n ng đ pha t p m u, cho giá tr c c đ i m u có n ng đ % mol hu nh quang thu đ c nh trình kích thích tr c ti p, vƠ đ t giá tr c c đ i m u % mol cho tr ng h p kích thích gián ti p i u ch ng t có s tham gia c a hi n t ng d p t t b i n ng đ Chúng đư ch t o thƠnh công v t li u mƠng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2 pha t p ion đ t hi m Eu3+ b ng ph ng pháp công ngh sol ậ gel vƠ k thu t quay ph  Màng nano composit SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ ch t o đ c v i h t nano SnO2 hình thành có c u trúc Rutile - Tetragonal kích th c ~ 4,5 nm  Màng nano composit 80SiO2ậ20SnO2 không pha t p europium, nhi t gi d i nhi t đ 850 ÷ 1150 oC cho kích th c h t thay đ i t 4,4 ÷ 5,6 nm Màng nano composit 90SiO2ậ10SnO2 có pha t p 0,5 % mol europium, đ c nhi t gi d i nhi t đ 900 ÷ 1200 oC cho kích th c h t thay đ i t 3,7 98      ÷ 6,8 nm Màng nano composit (100-x)SiO2ậ(x)SnO2:0,5%Eu3+ (x = 5, 10, 20, 30) thu đ c có kích th c thay đ i kho ng 3,8 ÷ 5,5 nm Khi so sánh hu nh quang gi a v t li u màng SiO2:Eu3+ SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ th y c ng đ hu nh quang c a v t li u SiO2ậSnO2:Eu3+ m nh h n m t b c so v i màng SiO2:Eu3+ i u ch ng t s đóng góp ch y u c a ơ-xít bán d n SnO2 trình truy n n ng l ng t i tâm phát quang ion Eu3+ Hu nh quang c a v t li u màng nano ph thu c vào t l Sn/Si đ c kh o sát rõ rƠng C ng đ hu nh quang đ t giá tr c c đ i v i t l Sn/Si = [10/90] C ng đ hu nh quang cho b i q trình kích thích gián ti p v i b c sóng 280 nm l n h n 50 l n so v i kích thích tr c ti p t i b c sóng 392 nm Hu nh quang ph thu c vào n ng đ ion Eu3+ thay đ i t 0,25 ÷ 1,50 % mol đư đ c kh o sát Khi t ng n ng đ t p Eu3+ t 0,25 ÷ 1,50 % mol, c ng đ hu nh quang cho b i kích thích tr c ti p t ng lên m t cách n tính, v i kích thích gián ti p c ng đ hu nh quang đ t giá tr bão hòa n ng đ 1,00 % mol Kh o sát hu nh quang theo nhi t đ nung t 900 ÷ 1300 oC cho ta th y: c ng đ hu nh quang liên quan t i d ch chuy n l ng c c n 5D0ậ7F(0, 2) gi m d n nhi t đ t ng vƠ b d p t t hoƠn toƠn nhi t đ 1100 oC; hu nh quang liên quan t i d ch chuy n l ng c c t 5D0 ậ 7F(1) có c ng đ t ng lên vƠ đ t c c đ i nhi t đ 1100 oC, sau gi m d n nhi t đ ti p t c t ng Lu n án đư đ c th c hi n nghiên c u m t cách t m , bƠi b n t khơu ch t o v t li u c ng nh vi c th c hi n phép đo phơn tích c u trúc vƠ tính ch t hu nh quang c a v t li u Tuy nhiên v n nh ng m h n ch khuôn kh c a lu n án ch a th c hi n đ c Các h ng nghiên c u ti p theo mà d đ nh g mμ - Th c hi n thêm m t s phép đo nh m phơn tích vƠ tính tốn v trí có th c a ion Eu3+ m ng n n, s tác đ ng c a đ n c u trúc vƠ tính ch t quang c a v t li u SiO2ậSnO2:Eu - ng d ng c a v t li 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composit SiO2? ? ?SnO2. .. C2H5OH lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2? ? ?SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 66 3.2.1.3 S nh h ng c a hƠm l ng H2O lên tính ch t quang c a màng nano composit SiO2? ? ?SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ ... t li u b t nano SnO2 pha t p ion Eu3+ 38 2.1.3 H v t li u b t nano SnO2: Eu3+ 41 2.2 Quy trình t ng h p v t li u màng nano composit SiO2? ? ?SnO2 pha t p Eu3+ b ng ph ngăphap sol ậ gel