Ủy viên không thường trực hội đồng bảo an liên hợp quốc địa vị pháp lý, thực tiễn hoạt động và vấn đề nâng cao vai trò

B GIỄO D C VÀ ÀO T O B NGO I GIAO H C VI N NGO I GIAO Ph m Lan Dung Y VIểN KHỌNG TH NG TR C H I NG B O AN LIểN H P QU C: A V PHỄP Lụ, TH C TI N HO T NG VÀ V N NỂNG CAO VAI TRọ LU N ÁN TIÊN S CHUYÊN NGĨNH QUAN H QU C T MÃ S : 62 31 02 06 Hà n i 2014 B GIÁO D C VÀ ÀO T O B NGO I GIAO H C VI N NGO I GIAO Ph m Lan Dung Y VIểN KHỌNG TH NG TR C H I NG B O AN LIểN H P QU C: A V PHỄP Lụ, TH C TI N HO T NG VÀ V N NỂNG CAO VAI TRọ Chuyên ngành: Quan h Qu c t Mã s : 62310206 LU N ÁN TI N S NG IH NG D N KHOA H C PGS.TS Nguy n H ng Thao PGS.TS D ng V n Qu ng Hà n i 2014 ii L I CAM OAN Tơi xin cam đoan lu n án cơng trình nghiên c u c a riêng Các s li u đư nêu lu n án có ngu n g c rõ ràng, k t qu c a lu n án trung th c ch a đ c cơng b b t k cơng trình khác Tác gi lu n án iii DANH M C CỄC T VI T T T Ti ng Vi t T vi t t t H Nguyên v n ti ng Vi t i h i đ ng H BA H i đ ng B o an LHQ Liên h p qu c LLGGHB L cl TAQT Tòa án Cơng lý Qu c t ng gìn gi hịa bình UVKTT y viên không th UVTT y viên th ng tr c ng tr c iv Ti ng Anh T vi t t t Nguyên v n ti ng Anh Nguyên v n ti ng Vi t ASEAN Association of Southeast Hi p h i qu c gia ông Nam Á Asian Nations AU African Union Nhóm Liên minh Châu Phi G4 Group Nhóm n NAM Non-Aligned Movement Phong trào không liên k t S5 Small Five Nhóm n TCCs Troop Contributing Các n Countries l Uniting for Consensus Nhóm Liên minh UFC c c nh c đóng góp qn cho l c ng gìn gi hịa bình ng thu n v DANH M C B NG, BI U Bi u đ 1.1 T l c c u đ t b u y viên không th ng tr c 27 H i đ ng B o an xét theo s vòng b u giai đo n 19462012 Bi u đ 2.1 S d ng quy n ph quy t t i H i đ ng B o an 59 Chi n tranh L nh B ng 2.2 S d ng quy n ph quy t t i H i đ ng B o an sau 60 Chi n tranh L nh Bi u đ 2.3 Ngh quy t c a H i đ ng B o an giai đo n 1946-2012 62 B ng 3.1 Các qu c gia có nhi u n m đ m nhi m v trí y viên 112 không th Bi u đ 3.2 ng tr c H i đ ng B o an T l qu c gia xét theo s nhi m k đ m nhi m vai trị y viên khơng th 113 ng tr c H i đ ng B o an t ng s qu c gia thành viên Liên h p qu c B ng 3.3 Các qu c gia đóng góp quân nhi u nh t cho l c l ng 114 Các qu c gia đóng góp tài nhi u nh t cho l c 115 gìn gi hịa bình B ng 3.4 l ng gìn gi hịa bình vi M CL C L I CAM OAN ii DANH M C CỄC T VI T T T iii DANH M C B NG, BI U M v U CH NG 1: C KHỌNG TH 1.1 S TH C TI N VÀ C NG TR C H I S PHỄP Lụ V Y VIểN NG B O AN LIểN H P QU C 16 C s th c ti n 16 1.1.1 S đ i c a Liên h p qu c 16 1.1.2 Nh ng nguyên t c c a tr t t th gi i sau 1945 19 1.2 C s pháp lý 20 1.2.1 Hi n ch ng Liên h p qu c 20 1.2.2 Các quy đ nh c a Hi n ch ng v u viên không th ng tr c th c ti n tri n khai 22 1.2.3 Các quy đ nh c a Hi n ch u viên không th 1.3 ng v H i đ ng B o an có nh h ng đ n ng tr c 36 Các s a đ i Hi n ch ng liên quan đ n v trí c a y viên khơng th ng tr c 44 1.3.1 Th c ti n s a đ i Hi n ch 1.3.2 M t s ph 1.3.3 Các đ xu t s a đ i Hi n ch th ng 44 ng án c i t H i đ ng B o an 45 ng nh m nâng cao v trí y viên khơng ng tr c 48 Ti u k t 52 CH H I NG 2: HO T NG C A U VIểN KHỌNG TH NG TR C T I NG B O AN LIểN H P QU C 54 vii 2.1 C h i thách th c 54 2.1.1 C h i và thách th c vi c phát huy vai trò 54 2.1.2 C h i thách th c trình thơng qua quy t đ nh 68 2.2 Th c ti n ho t đ ng c a m t s qu c gia H i đ ng B o an 74 2.2.1 Th c ti n ho t đ ng c a Singapore t i H i đ ng B o an 75 2.2.2 Th c ti n ho t đ ng c a n 2.2.3 S chu n b c a Úc cho nhi m k 2013-2014 82 2.2.4 Bài h c kinh nghi m cho Vi t Nam 85 2.3 Th c ti n ho t đ ng c a Vi t Nam t i H i đ ng B o an 79 H i đ ng B o an 87 2.3.1 Các công vi c đ m nhi m 87 2.3.2 Kinh nghi m x lý v n đ liên quan đ n n 2.3.3 Kinh nghi m x lý v n đ có th t o ti n l 92 2.3.4 Thành t u nh n xét chung 94 c láng gi ng 89 Ti u k t 97 CH NG 3: M T S KHỌNG TH XU T NỂNG CAO VAI TRọ C A Y VIểN NG TR C 99 3.1 S c n thi t nâng cao vai trị c a y viên khơng th 3.2 Các cách ti p c n vi c nâng cao vai trị y viên khơng th ng tr c 99 ng tr c 106 3.2.1 Các y u t ng n h n cách ti p c n 106 3.2.2 T m quan tr ng c a cách ti p c n r ng dài h n 108 3.2.3 M t s th c ti n v cách ti p c n 110 3.2.4 Kh n ng v m t cách ti p c n đ c bi t 118 3.3 Các h c kinh nghi m nâng cao vai trò u viên không th ng tr c 122 3.4 xu t xây d ng th c ti n ho t đ ng nh m nâng cao vai trị y viên khơng th 3.5 ng tr c 130 Bài h c kinh nghi m vƠ đ xu t đ i v i Vi t Nam 136 viii 3.5.1 Xây d ng ch tr 3.5.2 Các b 3.5.3 ng, m c tiêu ph ng châm tham gia 137 c chu n b cho vi c đ m nhi m vai trò 141 xu t v n đ c n tr ng phát huy 144 Ti u k t 145 K T LU N 148 DANH M C CỄC CỌNG TRỊNH NGHIểN C U C A TỄC GI B Cị LIểN QUAN Ã CỌNG N LU N ỄN 151 DANH M C TÀI LI U THAM KH O .152 M U Lý ch n đ tài Liên h p qu c (LHQ) t ch c tr qu c t l n nh t th gi i H i đ ng B o an (H BA), v i trách nhi m hàng đ u vi c gi gìn hồ bình an ninh qu c t , c quan nh t c a LHQ có th đ a nh ng quy t đ nh có tính ràng bu c đ i v i t t c qu c gia B i đ c m mà H BA đ c quan quy n l c nh t LHQ qu c gia coi vi c đ không th c b u làm y viên ng tr c (UVKTT) H BA c h i vinh d , góp ph n nâng cao v th c a tr th c coi ng qu c t Các cu c v n đ ng tranh c vào H BA ng c ng th ng quy t li t N u qu c gia coi vi c tr thành thành viên LHQ m t nh ng m c đích quan tr ng nh t tham gia vào quan h tr qu c t vi c đ c đ m nhi m v trí UVKTT H BA đ c cho m t nh ng m c tiêu khó kh n nh ng c ng vinh d nh t đ i v i m i thành viên LHQ Sau tr thành thành viên LHQ n m 1977, th l c c aVi t Nam đư t ng lên qua hai m đ i n m ti n hành cơng cu c đ i m i Tích c c th c hi n ng l i đ i ngo i r ng m , đa d ng hoá, đa ph tinh th n Ngh quy t ih i cơng l n t i LHQ đ ng hố quan h qu c t ng l n th VIII (1996), Vi t Nam đư đ t thành c b u vào v trí UVKT H BA nhi m k 2008-2009 S ki n d u n quan tr ng nh t h n th p k quan h Vi t Nam ậ LHQ, đ ng th i đ nh cao c a trình h i nh p, tham gia đóng góp tích c c, có trách nhi m t i t ch c qu c t đa ph nghi m ho t đ ng c a Vi t Nam c ađ ng l i đ i ngo i c a ng khu v c K t qu kinh H BA không ch kh ng đ nh s đ n ng Nhà n c mà cịn đóng góp nh ng h c th c ti n có giá tr đ b sung, phát tri n đ ng l i nh m đáp ng yêu c u phát 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