Nghiên cứu cách dịch anh việt các thuật ngữ ngành ngân hàng trong cuốn sách commercial banks management của tác giả peter rose

Nghiên cứu cách dịch anh việt các thuật ngữ ngành ngân hàng trong cuốn sách commercial banks management của tác giả peter rose Nghiên cứu cách dịch anh việt các thuật ngữ ngành ngân hàng trong cuốn sách commercial banks management của tác giả peter rose luận văn tốt nghiệp thạc sĩ

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI University of Languages and international Studies FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION - - Graduation paper A STUDY ON ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF BANKING TERMINOLOGY IN THE BOOK “COMMERCIAL BANKS MANAGEMENT” BY PETER ROSE Supervisor: Nguyen thi van (m.a) Student: Nguyen Anh Ngoc Year of enrolment: QH2009 Ha Noi, May 2013 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH - - KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP TÊN ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU CÁCH DỊCH ANH VIỆT CÁC THUẬT NGỮ NGÀNH NGÂN HÀNG TRONG CUỐN SÁCH “COMMERCIAL BANKS MANAGEMENT” CỦA TÁC GIẢ PETER ROSE Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Th.S Nguyễn Thị Thanh Vân Sinh viên: Nguyễn Ánh Ngọc Khoá: QH2009 HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2013 ACCEPTANCE PAGE I hereby state that I: Nguyen Anh Ngoc, class QH2009.F.1.E24, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor‟s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Date 25th , April, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the completion of this thesis, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor M.A Nguyen Thi Thanh Van for her valuable suggestions, advices and corrections as well as her constant encouragements from the beginning stage of working out the research proposal to the final stage of writing up the thesis Without her support, this study would not have been completed I owe a special debt of gratefulness to the lecturers and translators who agreed to have an interview with me for sharing their real experience in the translation of terminology The informative interviews I had with them were the great sources of the suggestions of my study I take this opportunity to express my sincere thank to all lecturers and my friends at University of Foreign Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their encouragement during the thesis preparation Finally, I would also like to thank my parents who have been a constant source of encouragement, support, love and care during the course of my writing i ABSTRACT Since the last few decades, human beings are experiencing the era of globalization and integration In the current global settings, joining in “global play ground” has been bringing new opportunities and challenges for Vietnam It leads to open Vietnam‟s market and create favorable conditions for the entries of foreign companies into the country, especially in Banking and Financial sector Therefore, a demand for translation work in this field is inevitable Nevertheless, the difficulties in translating English banking terminology are predictable, especially for new translators This thesis entitled “A Study on English- Vietnamese Translation of Banking Terminology in the book “Commercial Bank Management” by Peter Rose” was carried out in the hope of offering a theoretical background of specialized translation, investigating methods and strategies used to deal with translation of technical terms in general and banking in particular and furnishing would-be translators with a sufficient knowledge of how to handle terms encountered in banking field In detail, the study used quantity and quality methods to measure the frequencies of translation procedures and then acknowledged the translation as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure Based on the findings and interviews with lecturers and translators, the thesis suggested useful recommendations to have a good terminology translation Hopefully, the research may make a contribution to the translation of banking terminology and specialized translation and will be of some help to translators who have little experience of doing the translation in the field ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF CHARTS vi Chapter Introduction 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and research questions 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Research questions 1.3 Research Methods 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Design of the study Chapter Literature Review 2.1 Terminology 2.1.1 Definition .5 2.1.2 General characteristics of terminology 2.1.2 Standards of Vietnamese terminology .9 2 Translation of Terminology 10 2.2.1 General Translation 10 2.2.1.1 Definition 10 2.2.1.2 Methods of translation 11 2.2.1.3 Procedures of translation 13 2.2.2 Translation of banking terminology 15 2.2.2.1 Overview of technical translation 15 2.2.2.2 Translation of terminology and its roles in technical translation 16 2.2.2.3 Difficulties in terminology translation 16 2.2.2.4 Translation of Banking Terminology 17 Chapter Methodology 19 3.1 Overview 19 iii 3.2 Research instruments 19 3.2.1 Investigation 19 3.2.2 Interview 19 3.3 Research procedures 19 3.4 Data collection 20 3.5 Data analysis 21 Chapter Findings 22 4.1 Overview: 22 4.2 Classification of terms in the book “Commercial Banks Management” 22 4.2.1 Simple terms 23 4.2.1.1 Single terms which are Nouns 23 4.2.1.2 Abbreviation 24 4.2.2 Complex terms 24 4.2.2.1 The Nominal groups 24 4.2.2.2 The banking terminology in the forms of Nominal groups 27 4.2.2.2.1 Terms consisting of Classifier (noun) +Thing 27 4.2.2.2.2 Terms consisting of Classifier / Epithet (adjective) +Thing 28 4.2.2.2.3 Terms consisting of Classifier/Epithet (present participle) +Thing 28 4.2.2.2.4 Terms consisting of Classifier/Epithet (past participle) +Thing 29 4.2.2.2.5 Terms consisting of Thing + Qualifier 29 4.2.2.2.6 Eponym 29 4.3 Translation of collected banking terminology 30 4.3.1 Translation of single terms 31 4.3.1.1 Translation of single terms in the form of nouns by Literal translation procedure 31 4.3.1.2 Translation of single terms in the form of nouns by Paraphrase 32 4.3.1.3 Translation of single terms in the form of nouns by Shift or Transposition Translation procedure and Functional Equivalent 32 4.3.1.4 Translation of Abbreviation 33 4.3.2 Translation of complex terms 34 4.3.2.1 Translation of Nominal groups using Literal translation Procedure 34 4.3.2.2 Translation of Nominal Groups using Paraphrase 34 iv 4.3.2.3 Translation of Nominal groups using Functional Equivalent 35 4.3.2.4 Translation of Eponym using Couplets translation procedure 35 4.4 Evaluation of terminology translation and translation procedures in the book “Commercial Banks Management” 35 4.4.1 General evaluation of banking terminology translation 36 4.4.2 Evaluation of the translation procedures 37 4.4.2.1 Literal translation procedure 37 4.4.2.2 Shift or Transposition translation procedure 39 4.4.2.3 Through translation procedure 40 4.4.2.4 Functional Equivalent Translation Procedure 40 4.4.2.5 Paraphrase translation procedure 41 4.4.2.6 Couplets translation procedure 41 4.5 Suggestions and recommendations 42 4.5.1 Suggestions and recommendations based on the evaluation of translation procedures 42 4.5.1 Suggestions and recommendations based on interviews 42 Chapter Conclusion 45 5.1 Summary of the findings 45 5.2 Limitations of the study 46 5.3 Suggestions for further researches 46 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX 50 v LIST OF TABLES Table Nominal group‟s structures (Halliday, 1985) 25 Table Items of Nominal group 25 Table Procedures used for each category of terms 31 Table Examples of translation procedures applied for 33 Abbreviations Table Examples of Couplets translation procedure 35 LIST OF DIAGRAMS Chart 4.2 Portion of each category of collected terms 23 Chart 4.3 Frequency of each translation procedure 30 vi Chapter Introduction 1.1 Rationale Since the last few decades, human beings are experiencing the era of globalization and integration A huge number of miracle scientific breakthroughs have completely changed the people‟s lives and brought them much closer Global competition and global co-operation, both of which presuppose global communication, now become common concepts Also, in the cultural arena, we can trace the development of what is often called the “global village”, with greatly improved social and cultural contact, both active and passive In the other words, the modern advance has turned our planet into a global village in which people‟s rights and obligations are closely related In the current global settings, world trade is increasing dramatically, national barriers seem to fade away, many multinational companies have actively extended their business to seek new opportunities and make huge profit Joining “global play grounds” like the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been bringing new opportunities and challenges for Vietnam It leads to open Vietnam‟s market and create favorable conditions for the entries of foreign companies into the country, especially in Banking and Financial sector Some global banks such as HSBC, ANZ, City Bank have established their banking systems and competed against Vietnamese ones Therefore, a demand for translation work in this field is inevitable The problem lies in the fact that sharp differences in the global banking systems and Vietnamese one result in several differences in banking documents Obviously, this will pose a great obstacle to translators if they not obtain sufficient knowledge about this field The mastery of terminology in this specialized subject and the methods to convert them into Vietnamese are very helpful in using terms accurately, precisely and with expertise This helps translators avoid embarrassing situations when they are confused with new, strange and difficult terms Loan sale Bán nợ Cn S A form of investment banking in which the lender trades on his or her superior ability to evaluate the credit worthiness of borrowers and sells some of the loans the lender has made to other investors who value the lender‟s expertise in assessing credit quality Loan strip Bán nợ phần Cn P The sale of a portion of a large loan for a short period of time, usually for a period less than the loan‟s remaining time to maturity Loans to individual Cho vay cá nhân T S Credit extended to households to finance the purchase of automobiles and appliances, medical and personal expenses, and other household needs Loan workout Giải khoản vay có vấn đề Cn P Activity within a lending institution that focuses on delinquent loans and that tries to develop and implement strategies designed to recover as much as possible from troubled borrowers Market-penetration deposit pricing Chiến lược định giá thâm nhập tiền gửi Cn Lo Offering high interest rates (often well above current market levels) or charging low or zero customer fees in order to bring in as many new deposit customers as possible Market risk Rủi ro thị trường Cn L The potential for loss due to rising or falling interest rates; the danger that changing interest rates may force a financial institution to accept substantial losses on any assets that must be sold or acquired or on any funds that must be borrowed or repaid McFadden-Pepper Act Đạo luật McFaddenPepper E Cou Legislation passed by the U.S Congress in 1927 that allowed national plets banks to branch within the city where they are headquartered if the laws (Tr of the state involved no forbid such branches 73 + L) Merchant banks Ngân hàng ngoại thương Cn P Banks that often provide not only all the consumer and commercial services a regular bank provides but also offer credit, investment, and consulting services in an attempt to satisfy all the financial service needs of their clients; usually these banks invest a substantial share of their own equity capital in a customer‟s commercial project Merger premium Phần bù sáp nhập Cn L A bonus offered to the shareholders of a firm to be acquired, consisting of an amount of cash or stock in the acquiring institution that exceeds the current market value of the acquired firm‟s stock Minority interest in Thu nhập từ công ty consolidated thành viên subsidiaries T Lo Partial ownership interest that a financial firm holds in other business firms Monetary policy Chính sách tiền tệ Ca L A central bank‟s primary job, which involves making sure that the financial system functions smoothly and that the supply of money and credit from that system contributes to the nation‟s economic goals MMDAs (Money market deposit accounts) Tài khoản tiền gửi ngắn hạn A Lo Short-maturity deposits having a term of only a few days, weeks, or months and on which the offering depository institution can pay any competitive interest rate over designated short intervals of times; these deposits also have limited checking account powers Money market instrument Các công cụ thị trường tiền tệ Cn L Investment securities that reach maturity within one year and are noted for their low credit risk and ready marketability 74 Money Position manager Quản lý trạng thái tiền mặt Cn S Managerial position that is responsible for ensuring that the institution maintains an adequate level of legal reserves to meet its reserve requirements as set by law and also has access to sufficient quantities of reserves to accommodate customer demand and meet other cash needs Multibank holding companies Công ty sở hữu đa ngân hàng Ci L A type of holding companies that holds stock in more than one bank Mutual funds Quỹ tương hỗ Ca L Investment companies that attract savings from the public and invest those funds in a pool of stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, with each saver receiving a share of the earnings generated by the pool of financial instruments Negotiable CD Chứng tiền gửi chuyển nhượng Ca L A type of interest-bearing deposit that may be sold to other investors in the secondary market any number of times before it reaches maturity Net interest margin Thu nhập lãi cận biên Ca L The spread between interest income and interest expense divided by either total assets or total earning assets Nonbanks banks Ngân hàng phi ngân hàng Ca L Financial –service firms that either offer checking account services or grant commercial loans, but not both NIF (note issuance facility) Bảo lãnh phát hành giấy nợ A Th A medium-term credit agreement between an international bank and its larger corporate and governmental credit customers, where the customer is authorized to periodically issue short-term notes, each of which usually comes due and is retired in 90 to 180 days, over a stipulated contract period (such as five years), with the bank pledging to buy any notes the 75 customer cannot sell to other investors NOW accounts Tài khoản NOW A+ N Cou Savings deposits against which a customer can write negotiable drafts plets (checks) but that reserve the depository institution‟s right to insists on (Tr prior notice before the customer withdraws his or her funds + L) OMO (Open market operations) Hoạt động thị trường mở A Th Purchases and sales of securities – in most cases, direct obligations of the government – that are designed to move reserves and interest rates toward levels desired by a central bank (such as the Federal Reserve System) Operational risk Rủi ro hoạt động Ca L Uncertainty surrounding a financial firm‟s earnings or rate of return due to failures in computer systems, management errors, employee misconduct, floods, hurricanes, and similar events Opportunities cost Chi phí hội Cn L Forgone income that is not earned because idle funds have not been invested in earning assets; also the yield available on the next best alternative use of an individual‟s or institution‟ funds Organization forms Các hình thức tổ chức Ca L The structure of operations, facilities, and personnel within a bank or other financial firm that enables it to produce and deliver financial services Participation loans Tham gia mua nợ Cn S Purchases of loans by a third party, not part of the original loan contracts Pledging Tài sản cam kết N P Backing deposits owed to the federal government and local units of government by requiring the financial institutions holding those deposits to hold designated high-quality (low-risk) assets (usually government 76 securities of various types) that could be sold to recover government funds if the depository institution fails Point of sale terminals Thiết bị toán nơi bán hàng T F Computer equipment in stores to allow electronic payments for goods and services Points Phí điểm N F An up-front fee often charged a borrower taking on a home mortgage, which is determined by multiplying the loan amount by the number of percentage points, assessed the borrower Portfolio diversification Đa dạng hóa danh mục đầu tư Cn S Spreading out credit accounts and deposits among a wide variety of customers, including many large and small business, different industries, and households in order to reduce the lender‟s risk of loss Portfolio immunization Bảo vệ tuyệt đối danh mục đầu tư Cn P An interest-rate hedging device that permits a financial institution to reduce loss in the value of its assets or in the value of its net worth due to changing interest rates by equating the average duration of its liabilities Portfolio shift Chuyển đổi danh mục Cn S Selling selected securities, often at a loss, to offset taxable income from other sources and to restructure a financial firm‟s asset portfolio to one that is more appropriate for current market conditions Preferred stocks Cổ phiếu ưu đãi Ca L Type of capital measure by the par value of any shares outstanding that promise to pay their owners a fixed rate of return or (in the case of variable-rate preferred) a rate determined by an agreed-upon formula 77 Prepayment risk Rủi ro toán trước Cn L A risk carried by many securitized assets in which some of these assets (usually loans) are paid off early and the investor receiving those prepayments may be forced to reinvest the prepaid funds at lower current market yields, resulting in a lower than expected overall return from investing in securitized assets Price leadership Mơ hình định giá theo lãi suất sở Cn P A method for setting loan rates that looks to leading lending institutions to set the base loan rate Primary capital Vốn Cn L The sum of total equity capital the allowance for possible loan losses, mandatory convertible debentures, and minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, minus intangible assets other than purchased loan-servicing rights Primary rate Lãi suất sở Cn L An administered interest rate on loans quoted by leading banks and usually set by a vote of each bank‟s board of directors; the interest rate that the public usually thinks is the best (lowest) rate for loans and that a bank quotes to its biggest and best customers (principally large corporations) Product-line diversification Đa dạng hóa danh mục sản phẩm Cn S Offering multiple financial services in order to reduce the risk associated with declining revenues and income from any one service offered Project loan Cho vay dự án Cn S Credit designed to finance the construction of fixed assets associated with a particular investment project that is expected to generate a flow of revenue in future project that is expected to generate a flow of revenue in future periods sufficient to repay the loan and turn a profit 78 Profit potential Lợi nhuận tiềm Cn L A motive for carrying out a merger, in which the shareholders of either the acquiring firm, the acquired firm, or both of anticipate greater profits due to greater revenues or lower operating costs after the merger is completed Public benefits Lợi ích xã hội Cn P Aspect of a merger or holding-company acquisition application in which merging or acquiring financial firms must show how the transaction will improve the quality, availability, or pricing of services offered to the public Public need Nhu cầu xã hội Cn P One of the criteria used by government agencies to determine whether a new bank, branch or other financial service unit should be approved for a charter, which focuses on whether or not an adequate volume and variety of financial services are not available conveniently in a given market area Purchase of asset method Phương pháp mua tài sản Cn Lo A method for completing a merger in which the acquiring institution buys all or a portion of the assets of the acquired organization, using either cash or its own stock to pay for the purchase Purchase of stock method Phương pháp mua cổ phiếu Cn Lo A method for carrying out a merger in which the acquired firm usually ceases to exist because the acquiring firm assumes all of it assets and liabilities Real estate brokerage service Dịch vụ mua giới bất động sản Cn L A service that assists customers in finding homes and other properties for sale or rent 79 Real estate loans Cho vay bất động sản Cn S Credit secured by real property, including short-term credit to support building construction and land development, and longer-term credit to support the purchase of residential and commercial structures Relationship pricing Định giá dựa sở quan hệ với khách hàng Cn P Basing fees charged a customer on the number of services and the intensity of use of those services that the customer purchases Report of income Bản báo cáo thu nhập T Lo A depository institution‟s income statement, which indicates how much revenue has been received and what expenses have been incurred over a specific period of time; reports of income must be filed periodically with regulatory agencies Representative office Văn phòng đại diện Cn L The simplest organizational presence for an international bank in foreign markets, consisting of limited-service facilities that can market services supplied by the home office and identify new customers but usually cannot take deposits or make decisions on the granting of loans RP (Repurchase agreement) Hợp đồng mua lại A Th A money market instrument that involves the temporary sale of highquality assets (usually government securities) accompanied by an agreement to buy back those assets on a specific future date at a predetermined price or yield Cn P A period of time established by the Federal Reserve System for certain depository institutions over which the daily average amounts of various deposits are computed to determine each institution‟s legal reserve requirement Reserve Kỳ tính dự tính bắt buộc computation period 80 Reserve maintenance period Thời gian trì dự trữ bắt buộc Cn P According to federal law and regulation, a period of time spanning two weeks, during which a depository institution must hold the daily average amount of legal reserves it is required by law to hold behind its deposits and other reservable liabilities Residential mortgage loan Cho vay nhà chấp Ca S Credit to finance the purchase of homes or fund improvements on private residences Restrictive covenant Điều khoản hạn chế Ca L Parts of a loan agreement, specifying actions the borrower must take or must not take for a loan agreement to remain in force Retail bank Ngân hàng bán lẻ Cn L Consumer-oriented banks that sell the majority of their services to households and smaller businesses Retail credit Tín dụng bán lẻ Cn L Smaller-denomination loans extended to individuals and families as well as to smaller businesses Retirement plan Kế hoạch nghỉ hưu Cn L Financial plans offered by various financial institutions that accumulate and manage the savings of customers until they reach retirement age Revolving credit line Hạn mức tín dụng luân chuyển Ci L A financing arrangement that allows a business customer to borrow up to a specified limit, repay all or a portion of the borrowing, and re-borrow as necessary until the credit line matures Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act Đạo luật hiệu ngân hàng liên bang E Cou Federal law passed in 1994 that permits bank holding companies to plets acquire banks nationwide and authorized interstate branching and merger (So beginning June 1, 1997 & 81 Tr) Right of offset Quyền đền bù T L The legal authority of a lender that has extended a loan to one of its customers to seize any checking or savings deposits the customer may hold with the lender in order to recover the lender‟s funds ROA Thu nhập tổng tài sản A Th Return on total assets as measured by the ratio of net income after taxes to total assets ROE Thu nhập vốn cổ phần A Th Return on equity capital invested in a corporation by its stockholders, measured by after-tax net income divided by total equity capital Rule of 78s Quy luật 78 T Lo A method for calculating rebates of interest payments to be returned to a customer if a loan is retired early Safekeeping Nghiệp vụ lưu ký N P A financial institution‟s practice of holding precious metals, securities, and other valuables owned by its customers in secure vaults Saving deposit Tiền gửi tiết kiệm Cn L Interest-bearing funds left with a depository institution for a period of weeks, months, or years (with no minimum required maturity under U.S regulations) Secondary capital Vốn cấp hai Ca L The sum of all forms of temporary capital, including limited-life preferred stock, subordinated notes and debentures, and mandatory convertible debt instruments not eligible to be counted as primary capital Securitization Chứng khoán hóa N S Setting aside a group of income-earning assets and issuing securities against them in order to raise new funds 82 Securitized assets Tài sản chứng khốn hóa Ce L Loans placed in an income-generating pool against which securities are issued in order to raise new funds Security brokerage Mơi giới chứng khốn Cn S Offering customers a channel through which to buy or sell stocks, bonds, and other securities at low transactions cost instead of having to go through a security broker or dealer Self-liquidating loans Các khoản cho vay có tính tự khoản Ca L Business loans, usually to support the purchase of inventories, in which the credit is gradually repaid by the borrowing customer as inventory is sold Service differentation Sự phân biệt dịch vụ Cn L Creating perceptions in the minds of customers that a particular financial firm‟s services are of better quality, are more conveniently available, or differ in some other significant way from services offered by competitors Servicing rights Quyền phục vụ Cn L Rights retained by a lender selling a loan, in which the lender continues to collect interest payments from the borrower and monitors the borrower‟s compliance with loan terms on behalf of the purchase of the loan Shell branches Văn phòng hỗ trợ Cn F Booking offices located offshore from the United States that record international transactions (such as taking deposits) and escape many regulatory restrictions that limit the activities of domestic offices Simple interest method Lãi đơn Cn Lo A method for calculating the interest rate on a loan that adjusts for the declining balance on a loan and uses a formula, principal times interest times time, to determine the amount of interest owed 83 Sources and uses of funds method Phương pháp nguồn vốn sử dụng vốn Sources and Uses Báo cáo nguồn vốn of Funds Statement sử dụng vốn Cn L Approach developed for estimating liquidity requirements that examines the expected sources of liquidity (for a bank, principally its deposits) and the expected uses of liquidity (principally its loans) and estimates the net difference between funds sources and uses over a given period of time in order to aid liquidity planning Cn L Financial reports on a business customer showing changes in assets and liabilities over a given period of time SLC (Standby Letter of Credit) Thư bảo lãnh tín dụng A Th Popular type of financial guarantee in which the issuer of the letter guarantees the beneficiary of the letter that a loan he or she has made will be repaid State banking commission Ủy ban điều hành hoạt động ngân hàng liên bang Cn P Boards or commissions appointed by governors or legislators in each of 50 states that are responsible for issuing new bank charters and supervising and examining state-chartered banks Stockholders Cổ đông N L The owners of a business who hold one or more shares of common and/or preferred stock issued by their corporation and elect its board of directors Stripped security Chứng khoán kết hợp Ca P A debt security whoses promised interest payments and promised repayments of principal are separated from each other; each of these promised payment streams becomes the basis for issuing new securities in the form of interest-only (IO) and principal-only (PO) discounts obligations Structure of funds Phương pháp cấu trúc Cn L Method of estimating liquidity requirements that depends on a detailed analysis of deposit and loan customers and how the levels of their 84 method vốn deposits and loans are likely to change over time Subsidiary Công ty thành viên N L A corporation operated by international banks that is used to sell bank and nonbank services overseas and is often set up or acquired because bank branch offices may be prohibited in some foreign markets or because of tax advantages or other factors Tax swapping Trao đổi thuế Cn S A process in which lower-yielding securities may be sold at a loss that is deductible from ordinary taxable income, usually to be replaced by securities bearing more favorable returns Term loans Cho vay dài hạn Cn S Credit extended for longer than one year and designed to fund longerterm business investments, such as the purchase of equipment or the construction of new physical facilities Tier Capital Vốn cấp Ca L Core capital for a banking firm that includes common stock, undivided profits, selected preferred stock and intangible assets, and minority interest in subsidiary businesses Tier Capital Vốn cấp Ca L Supplemental long-term funds for a banks including allowance for loan and lease losses, subordinated debt capital, selected preferred stock, and equity notes Time deposits Tiền gửi kỳ hạn Cn L Interest-bearing accounts with stated maturities, which may carry penalties in the form of lost interest earnings or reduction of principal if early withdrawal occurs 85 Transaction deposit Tiền gửi giao dịch Cn L Deposit service in which checks or draft against the deposit may be used to pay for purchases of goods and services Treasury Bill Tín phiếu kho bạc Cn L A direct obligation of the U.S government that must mature within one year from date of issue Treasury bonds Trái phiếu kho bạc Cn L The longest-term U.S Treasury debt securities, with original maturities beyond 10 years Treasury notes Trái phiếu kho bạc Cn L Coupon instruments issued by the U.S government, with original maturities form more than year to a maximum of 10 years, which promise investor a fixed rate of return Trust service Dịch vụ tín thác Cn L Management of property and other valuables owned by a customer under a contract (the trust agreement) in which the bank serves as trustee and the customer becomes the trustor during a specified period of time Truth-in-Lending Act Đạo luật trung thực cho vay Cn L Law passed by the U.S Congress in 1968 that promotes the informed use of credit among consumers by requiring full disclosure of credit terms and costs Truth-in-Saving Act Đạo luật trung thực tiết kiệm Cn L Law passed by the U.S Congress in 1991 that requires depository institutions to fully disclose the prices and other terms offered on deposit services so that customers can more easily compare deposit plans offered by different service providers Underwriting Bảo lãnh phát hành N L Buying new securities from the businesses that issued them and attempting to resell those securities at a profit to other investors 86 Undivided profit Lợi nhuận không chia Ca L Type of capital representing net earnings that have been retained in the business rather than being paid out as dividends to the stockholders Units Bank Ngân hàng đơn vị Cn L Banks that offer the full range of their services from one office, though a small number of services (such as taking deposits or cashing checks) may be offered from limited service facilities, such as drive-up window and ATMs Warranties Phần cam kết N F A section within a loan agreement in which a borrower affirms to the lender that the information he or she supplies is true and correct Wholesale bank Ngân hàng bán buôn Ca L Large metropolitan banks that offer financial service mainly to corporations and other larger institutions Working capital Vốn lưu động Ca L The current assets of a business firm (consisting principally of cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and other assets normally expected to roll over into cash within a year); some authorities define working capital as equal to current assets minus current liabilities Working capital loans Cho vay vốn lưu động Cn S Loans that provide businesses with short-term credit lasting for a few days to one year and that are often used to fund the purchase of inventories in order to put goods on shelves or to purchase raw materials Yield curve Đường cong thu nhập Cn L A graphic picture of how interest rates vary with different maturities of securities as viewed at a single point in time 87 ... NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH - - KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP TÊN ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU CÁCH DỊCH ANH VIỆT CÁC THUẬT NGỮ NGÀNH NGÂN HÀNG TRONG CUỐN SÁCH ? ?COMMERCIAL BANKS MANAGEMENT? ?? CỦA TÁC GIẢ PETER. .. Study on English- Vietnamese Translation of Banking Terminology in the book ? ?Commercial Bank Management? ?? by Peter Rose? ?? was carried out in the hope of offering a theoretical background of specialized... Study on English- Vietnamese Translation of Banking Terminology in the book ? ?Commercial Bank Management? ?? by Peter Rose? ?? may be of some use to those who will translation in the field 1.2 Aims