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Dtfa tren md hinh nghidn ctfu dtfdc phdt trien bdi Recardo & Jolly (1997); Zain (2009) va sd' lidu khao sdt ngtfdi lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep d Viet Nam, ke't qua nghidn ctfu c[r]
(1)TAP CHi CONG THirolNG
TAC DONG CUA KHIA CANH HANH VI LANH DAO TRONG VAN HOA TO CHlfC DEN SlJ GAN KET NHAN VIEN VOfi TO CHlfC TRONG DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM
• CAN HLfU DAN
TOM TAT:
Dtfa tren md hinh nghidn ctfu dtfdc phdt trien bdi Recardo & Jolly (1997); Zain (2009) va sd' lidu khao sdt ngtfdi lao ddng cac doanh nghiep d Viet Nam, ke't qua nghidn ctfu cho thay hanh vi lanh dao cd anh htfdng tich ctfc tdi stf gan kd't cua nhan vien vdi td chtfc doanh nghiep Bdi vid't tdp trung nghien ctfu xdy dtfng van hda td chtfc doanh nghidp c^n tdp trung vao khia canh hanh vi lanh dao nhdm tdng stf gdn ke't cua nhdn vidn vdi td chtfc cac doanh nghiep d Viet Nam
Tif khda: Vdn hda to chtfc, hanh vi lanh dao, gan kd't ciia nhdn vien, doanh nghiep
1 Gidi thieu
Theo Thompson va Luthans (1990), van hda td chtfc (VHTC) tich ctfc lam gia tang stf gan kd't va hdp tdc ciia dpi ngu nhan vien Ke't qua Id hidu qua boat ddng ciia td chtfc dtfdc ndng cao, stf quan tam cao dd'n cac dinh htfdng chie'n Itfdc, nang sud't lao dpng tang, cdc quyd't dinh dtfdc thuc hien hieu qud hdn, cd sU gan kd't cao d cdc bp phdn td chtfc va taora Ipi thdcanh tranh ciia td chtfc (Saeed va Hassan, 2000) Kd't qua nghien ctfu thtfc nghiem cho tha'y cac khia canh ciia VHTC da xay dtfng phu hdp nhung khdng hodn todn the hidn he't dac thu cua doanh nghidp Viet Nam Vdi nghien ctfu khdm pha vd bang quan sdt thtfc tien, nghidn ctfu ndy nhdn thd'y "hdnh vi cua Idnh dao" la khia canh bieu hien ra't rd net VHTC vd Id nhan td'tdc ddng Idn dd'n
stf gdn kdt nhan vien (GKNV) vdi to chtfc cac doanh nghiep d Viet Nam
Bai vie't ndy nghien ctfu phdt trien thtfdc hdnh VI lanh dao VHTC va tdc dpng cua no den stf GKNV vdi td chtfc cdc doanh nghiep
Dtfa tren kd't qua nghien ctfu, bdi vid't de xua't doanh nghidp xdy dtfng va quan tam de'n khia canh hanh vi Idnh dao VHTC ciia doanh nghiep nham xay dtfng VHTC vtfng manh, phil hdp va gdp phan tang stf GKNV vdi to chtfc cdc doanh nghidp d Viet Nam
2 Ctf sd ly thuyd't va phtfdng phap nghidn ciiu
2.1 Cdsd ly thuye't vd mo hinh nghien cdu Vdn hda td chtfc Theo Schein (2010), VHTC Id nen tang cho hanh vi va boat ddng cua ca nhan
(2)QUAN IRj gUANLV
trong td chtfc Id san pham va tai san cua mdi td chtfc VHTC Id he thd'ng nhffng y nghia chung dtfdc chd'p nhdn rdng rdi bdi nhtfng ngtfdi lao dpng thdi gian nhd't dinh
Nghien ctfu Recardo & Jolly (1997) de xud't thang vdn hda td chtfc gdm khia canh: (i) Giao tid'p td chtfc, (ii) Ddo tao vd phdt trien (iii) Khen thtfdng & stf cdng nhdn; (iv) Lam vide nhdm; (v) Hidu qua vide quye't dinh; (vi) Ddi mdi vd chd'p nhdn rui ro; (vii) Cdng bdng chinh sdch quan tri, (viii) Dinh htfdng ke' hoach ttfdng lai Nghien ctfu ciia Martins va Terblanche (2003), VHTC lien quan de'n tidu chuan, chuan mtfc quy dmh nhdn vidn ndn ctf xtf nhtf the' nao td chtfc Zain vd cdng stf (2009) xem xet VHTC dtfdi khia canh: Lam vide nhdm, Ddo tao va phdt tridn, Giao tiep td chtfc, Khen ihtfdng va stf cdng nhdn Ghani vd cdng stf (2001), VHTC dtfdc Itfdng bdi thdnh phan: Ldm vide theo nhdm, Giao tie'p, Khen Ihtfdng vd cdng nhan, Ddo tao va phat tridn
Gan ket nhan vidn Mowday va cdng stf (1979) cho rang, stf gdn ke't vdi id chtfc Id mdt stf kidn dinh manh me (nha't
quan, ddng nha't hay ba't di bd't dich) ciia nhdn vien vdi td chtfc va stf tham gia tich ctfc (involvement) ciia nhan vidn mpt td chtfc nhd't dmh GKNV Id ndi de'n md'i quan he tich ctfc ciia nhdn vidn vdi td chtfc, khid'n hp ludn sdn sang dau ttf cdng stfc de ddng gdp cho stf thdnh cdng va phat trien ciia td
chtfc Meyer and Allen (1991), de xud't "ba thdnh phan gan kdt: Stf gan kd't vi tinh cam; stf gan ke't de tri, stf gan ke't vi trach nhidm"
Karen (1995) cho rdng, stf GKNV hodn toan khac bidt vdi hanh vi phuc tung mdt cdch nhan nhuc dtfdc xem la ddc trtfng cua quan tri nhdn stf truyen thd'ng Stf phuc tung dtfdc tri bdi hd thd'ng kiem soat dp ddt ddn tdi stf phan tfng hdn Id cdc hdnh vi phdn hdi tich ctfc vd chii ddng cdng viec
Tdc ddng cua khia canh hanh vi lanh dao VHTC de'n stf GKNV vdi td chtfc Theo Lok (1997) "VHTC ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng irong viec tao stf gan kd't vd nang cao hidu sua't" Bang chtfng ttf nhieu nghidn ctfu thtfc nghiem cho rdng VHTC tao nen mdt dnh htfdng ddng kd ve hanh vi td chtfc, dac biet Id cdc Hnh vtfc hen quan de'n hieu qua va stf gan ke't Deal va Kennedy (2008); Denison (1990) cho tha'y, stf GKNV vdi td chtfc nhtf la mdt hdnh vi rd rang "ca nhdn cam kd't cd nhtfng hanh vi chinh thtfc, cu the mem dn ve mat dao dtfe hdn Id mang lai Idi ich cd nhdn"
Theo Hofstede vd cdng stf (1990), VHTC phu thupc rat nhidu hanh vi cua ngtfdi lanh dao, hanh vi lanh dao la khdi ngudn ciia stf lay lan hanh vi vd thai dp td chtfc Hatfield vd cdng stf (1993), idy lan dtfdc hieu la xu htfdng mdt so' ngtfdi lam theo hanh vi cua ngUdi khdc, tao ndn stf thdng nha't bieu cam vd hdnh dpng; ddi trd thdnh hdnh ddng vd thtfc (Schoenevi'olf, 1990),
Dtfa trdn cac nghien ctfu trtfde dd, tac gia de xud'l md hinh nghien ctfu nhu Hinh
tiinh J: Mo hinh nghien cCtu
V A N HOA TO CHLfC Cac khia canh van hda to chtfc no! (^ung Khia canh hanh
vi linh dao
SlJ G A N KET C U A NV V d l TO CHlJC I Tnjng thantTI I Tu hao I I Co gang I
- Gidi tinh - D$ tu6l - V| tr( vi^c lam - Tinh trang GD - Thu nh$p - Hoc van - Tham nien cdng tac
2.2 PhUdng phdp nghien cdu
(3)lAP CHi CONC iHifme
Nai Id 72 phid'u va Thtfa Thien Hue la 57 phid'u 3 Kd't qua nghidn ciiu
3.1 Ke't qua kidm dinh tin c4y vd tinh xdc thUc ciia thang
De ddnh gid dp tin cdy cua thang do, nghien ctfu stf dung Kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha cho thd'y, cdc bie'n quan sdt deu cd he sd'Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0,8 Ke't qua kidm dinh khang dinh, cdc thtfdc vd cdc bid'n quan sat deu dat ydu cau Kd't qua phdn tich nhdn td' kham pha (EFA) vdi phtfdng phdp xoay Varimax cho tha'y cac tidu chi Itfdng hanh vi lanh dao deu Idn hdn 0,5 Kd't qua khang dinh tieu chi de xua't Itfdng hdnh vi Idnh dao VHTC la phu hdp Dd'i vdi cdc bid'n Itfdng sU GKNV, tieu chi Idng trung vd lieu chi Itfdng sU nd Itfc/cd' gang da khdng dap tfng tinh xdc thtfc Ke't qua phdn tich EFA cho thd'y, cd
15/17 lieu chi stf GKNV dap tfng yeu cau 3.2 Ket qud phdn tich hdi quy
Trtfde he't nghidn ctfu tie'n hanh kidm dinh da cdng tuyen gitfa cac bid'n dpc lap md hinh tfdc Itfdng Ke't qua tfdc Itfdng cho tha'y khdng cd bang chtfng ve tinh da cdng tuye'n tdn tai giffa cac bid'n dpc lap
Nghidn ctfu tfdc Itfdng md hinh khdc xem xet tac dpng ciia hdnh vi lanh dao tdi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghiep Md hinh stf dung bien phu thudc la bid'n stf GKNV vdi to chtfc tdng hdp ttf khia canh, dd md hinh 2,3 va stf dung cdc bid'n phu thudc lan Itfdt la Stf trung thdnh; Long ttf hao va Stf cd gdng Md hinh stf dung bid'n phu thudc la stf GKNV vd bien nghien ctfu la VHTC thay vi hanh vi Idnh dao Con md hinh tfdc Itfdng tac ddng cua hdnh vi Idnh dao tdi su GKNV
Bang Kef quo Udc liidng tac dong hdnh vl Idnh dgo VHTC tdi sii GKNV vdl to chifc doanh nghiep
Hanh vi lanh dao
Gi6i tinh
Tuoi
Dan toe
Trung cap/Cao dang
Dai hoc
Sau dai hpc
Quy mo vLfa
Mo hinh
Su gan ket 0,154"' (0,0156) 0,0116 (0,0270) 0,00366™ (0,0013) -0,052 (0,0848) 0,124* (0,0747) 0,129' (0,0706) 0,0528 (0,0864) -0,0374 (0,0319) M6hlnh2 Tmng 0,160*" (0,0182) 0,0139 (0,0314) 0,00158 (0,0015) -0,0776 (0,0987) 0,0869 (0,0869) 0,117 (0,0822) 0,0634 (0,1010) -0,0273 (0,0371)
Mo hinh TUhao 0,124*** (0,0153) 0,028 (0.0264) 0,00298** (0,0013) -0,0561 (0,0829) 0,133* (0,0730) 0,133* (0,0690) 0,06 (0,0844) -0,0609* (0,0312)
Mo hinh Cff gang 0,0684*** (0,0120) -0,0144 (0,0208) 0,00347*** (0,0010) 0,0106 (0,0653) 0,0598 (0,0575) 0,0441 (0,0544) -0,00054 (0,0666) 0,00321 (0,0246)
Mo hinh SU gan ket
0,00188 (0,0281) 0,00397*** (0,0013) -0,0561 (0,0890) 0,132* (0,0777) 0,105 (0,0736) 0,028 (0,0897) -0,0185 (0,0332)
Mo hinh
SU gan ket
0,167*" (0,0149)
(4)QUAN IR!-QUANLY
Quy mo Idn
Thuong mai
Djch vu
DN tu nhan
DNFDI
DN tren nam
VHTC
Cac khia canh VHTC He s6 cat
So quan sat R^ hieu chinh
Mo hinh SM gan ket
0,0175 (0,0286) -0,0346 (0,0304) -0,0353 (0,0282) -0,0346 (0,0329) -0,056 (0,0433) 0,0487 (0,0329) Co 0,756*** (0,1460) 267 0,798
Mo hinh Tmng 0,00695 (0,0333) -0,037 (0,0354) 0,00241 (0,0328) -0,0287 (0,0383) -0,0297 (0,0503) 0,0448 (0,0383) Co 0,307* (0,1700) 267 0,763 M6hlnh3 TUhao -0,00972 (0.0279) -0,0131 (0,0297) -0,045 (0,0275) 0,00124 (0,0321) -0,0247 (0,0423) 0,0631* (0,0322) Co 0,492*** (0,1430) 267 0,815
Mo hinh Co gang 0,0403* (0,0220) -0,0286 (0,0234) -0,0329 (0,0217) -0,0495* (0,0263) -0,0686** (0,0333) 0,00367 (0,0254) Co 0,853*** (0,1130) 267 0,856
Mo hinh Su gan ket
0,0407 (0,0295) -0,0426 (0,0318) -0,0372 (0,0295) -0,0577* (0,0342) -0,0869* (0,0444) 0,0471 (0,0344) 0,671*** (0,0258) 1,040*** (0,1440) 267 0,775
Mo hinh Su gan ket
0,804*** (0,0946) 267 0,791
Ky hieu *, ** vd *
Nguon: Kit qud chiet xudt tU SPSS Ghi chii • So Irong ngogc don id dd lich chudn; * the hien mdc dd y nghia lan lugi d miic 10%, 5% vd I %
Cac md hinh tfdc Itfdng deu cd gid tri R- hieu chinh khd cao, xa'p xi 80% Nd'u so sdnh R- hieu chinh d md hinh vd md hinh 6, thi rd rang phan Idn stf thay ddi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghidp dtfdc giai thich stf thay ddi tff khia canh hdnh vi lanh dao VHTC Cdc ddc diem ctia nhdn vidn va doanh nghidp khdng ddng gdp dang ke cho stf thay ddi stf GKNV vdi id chtfc doanh nghidp Vidt Nam Cdn nd'u so sanh R-binh phtfdng hidu chinh md hinh va md hinh thi tha'y, rang md hinh I cho R-binh phtfdng hidu chinh Idn hdn
Ke't qua tfdc Itfdng tff md hinh I cho thd'y, khia canh hdnh vi Idnh dao ciia VHTC cd tdc ddng, cd
y nghTa thdng kd tdi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc Kdt qua ndy khdng dinh vai trd quan trpng cua hanh VI lanh dao cd tdc ddng tdi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghidp Kd't qud tfdc Itfdng cijng cho tha'y stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghidp cd stf khac bidt theo ludi, giao due nhtfng lai khdng khac biet giffa gidi tinh va dan tdc cua ngtfdi lao ddng Bdn canh dd, nhffng ddc diem ciia doanh nghiep, nhU: quy md, ngdnh nghe va loai hinh doanh nghidp khdng cd anh htfdng gi tdi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghiep
(5)lAP CHi CONG IHIfONG
vdi td chtfc Cdn dac did'm ciia ngtfdi lao ddng, thi chi cd tudi tdc ddng tdi khia canh "ttf hao" va "cd gang/nd Itfc" Cac ddc diem khdc nhtf gidi linh, gido due, dan tdc cua ngtfdi lao dpng khdng cd tdc ddng khac bidt tdi stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghidp Trong nhffng dac diem ciia doanh nghiep thi loai hinh sd hffu cua doanh nghiep cd stf tdc ddng tdi mtfc dp cd'gang/nd Itfc cua ngtfdi lao ddng doanh nghiep
Ke't qua nghien ctfu cho tha'y, Hanh vi lanh dao dtfdc nhin nhan nhtf mdt ydu to' ctfc ky quan trpng de cai thidn stf gan ke't ciia nhdn vien Trong mdi trtfdng kinh te' - xa hdi phdt tnen day canh tranh nhtf hidn nay, cung vdi sU phdt tridn ciia cupc cdch mang cdng nghidp 4.0, chuydn mdn gidi vd tan vdi cdng viec chtfa du de mang lai thdnh cdng cho ngtfdi lao ddng Ne'u cd dtfdc stf giiip dd, chia se vd dinh htfdng ciia Idnh dao doanh nghiep thi cd the gat hai dtfpc nhtfng cdng Vi vay, hdnh vi ciia lanh dao doanh nghiep Id bi klp khdng the thie'u mdi trtfdng lam vide hien dai xdy dtfng van hda td
chtfc Ngtfdi Idnh dao doanh nghiep can xem xet vdn hda td chtfc nhtf tai sdn vd hinh khdng the thay the'dtfdc; ludn tri, phat trien vdn hda td chtfc theo stf phat trien ciia doanh nghidp nham gitf vtfng md'i quan he gd'n kd't ciia nhan vien vdi td chtfc dtfdc tri d mtfc cao
4 Ke't luan
Stf dung so' lieu khao sdt ngtfdi lao ddng cdc doanh nghidp Viet Nam, nghidn ctfu tie'n hanh kiem dinh gia thuyd't hdnh vi lanh dao VHTC la yeu td' quan tdc ddng tdi GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghiep Kd't qua phdn tich thtfc nghiem cho tha'y, hanh vi lanh dao cd tac ddng tich ctfc dd'n stf GKNV vdi td chtfc doanh nghidp Vidt Nam Ke't qua nghien ctfu khang dinh rdng, can dtfa khia canh hdnh vi Idnh dao la yd'u td' quan trpng nghien ctfu ve VHTC Ddy Id mdt ddng gdp ve mat hpc thuat bd sung thdm khia canh/bd phdn Itfdng VHTC De tao dung va phat trien VHTC, thi ye'u to' hanh vi lanh dao nen dtfdc ddt vao vi tri quan trpng nham trien khai dtfdc cac hoat dpng khdc •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/ Dung Trdn Kim (2006) Thang y thu'c gdn ke't ddi vdi id chiic Tap chi Phdt Irien kmh le sdl84 50-52
2 Hodng Trgng & Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc (2008) Phan lich dd lieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS NXB Thdng ke 3 Hofstede Geert, Bram Neuijen Denise Daval Ohayv vd Geert Sanders (1990) Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases Tap chi Administrative Science Quarterly, Trang: 286-316 4 Maslow Abraham H (1943) A theory of human motivation Psychological review, 50(4) 370
45 Mowday Richard T, Richard M Steers vd Lyman W Porter (1979) The measurement of organizational commitment Journal of vocational behavior 14(2), 224-247
6 Recardo Ronald vd Jennifer Jolly (1997) Organizational t ullure and teams SAM Advanced Management Journal, 62(2)
7 Thompson KR vd F Luthans (1990) Organizational culture, a behavioral perspective San Diego: Academic Press
8 Zain Zahanah Mohd, Razanila Ishak vd Erlane K Ghani (2009) The influence of corporate culture on organisational commitment: A study on a Malaysian listed company, European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 17(17), 16-26
(6)QUAN TRj-QUANLY
Ngay nhan bai: 13/3/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chu'a: 23/3/2019 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 1/4/2019
Thdng tin tdc gtd: CAN H0U DAN
Trtftfng Dai hgc Lao dpng - Xa hdi
IMPACTS OF THE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EMPLOYEE
EGAGEMENT AT VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISES
• CAN HUU DAN University of Lobour a n d Social Affairs
ABSTRACT:
This study was carried on by implementing the research models developed by Recardo & JoUy (1997) and Zain (2009) with data colleted from surveying employees at Vietnamese enterpnses The study's results reveal that the leadership behaviors have posidve impacts on the loyalty of employees in enterprises These resuts imply that the organizational culture development process of Vietnamese enterprises should focus on the leadership behavior aspect in order to enhance the loyalty of employees