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Lanh dao ndi chung, lien quan den viec tao anh Theo dd, phong each lanh dao tan tam cd hffdng va dinh hffdng cho nhan vien trong thffc hien quan he thuan chieu vdi sff hai long cdng nh[r]
(1)Phong each lanh dao tan tam anh hiring tdi sii hai long cua
nhan vien cac doanh nghiep tai TP Ho Chi Minh
NGUYEN THANH VAN* NGOYEN THI HONG TCfdl" Tom tat
Nghien cdu sd dung phuang phdp dinh lugng nham tim hieu cdc nhdn td thugc vi phong cdch ldnh dqo tdc ddng den suhdi long cda nhdn vien cdc doanh nghiep tqi TP Ho ChiMinh Ke't qud nghien cdu cho thdy, cd nhdn to, gom: Svt chinh true; Syt hdu thudn; Sutin nhiem; Svt trao quyin; Su can ddm tdc dgng de'n syt hdi long cda nhdn vien tqi cdc doang nghiep tqi TP Hd Chi Minh Ddng thdi, nghien cvtu cung kie'n nghi mgt sdhdm y cho nhd qudn tri cdng tdc ldnh dqo nham ndng cao sU hdi long cda nhdn vien, thdc day ndng sudt ldm viec
Tuf khoa: phong cdch ldnh dqo tdn tdm, ldnh dqo tan tdm vd svt hdi long, svt hdi long, TP Ho Chi Minh
Summary
By using the quantitative method, this study explores the impact of the factors of leadership style on employee satisfaction in Ho Chi Minh City-based enterprises Research results show that there are factors affecting employee satisfaction, including: Integrity; Support; Credibility; Empowerment; Courage At the same time, the study also suggests some implications for managers in order to improve employee satisfaction and increase productivity
Keywords: dedicated leadership style, dedicated leadership and satisfaction, satisfaction Ho
Chi Minh City
^ GlOfI THIEU CO SOf LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP
NGHIEN CU'U
Md'i quan he giffa phong each lanh dao
tan tam va sif hai long cdng viec cua nhan Casd ly thuyet
vien da dffdc nhieu hpc gia nghien cffu Lanh dao ndi chung, lien quan den viec tao anh Theo dd, phong each lanh dao tan tam cd hffdng va dinh hffdng cho nhan vien thffc hien quan he thuan chieu vdi sff hai long cdng nhiem vu cua minh, dffdc xem la mpt yeu td then chd't viec cua nhan vien, vi cho nhan vien tha'y boat ddng cua td chffc vi thdng qua sff tffdng tac tam quan trpng cua nhan vien vdi td chffc nay, cdng viec cd the dat ke^t qua tich cffc hoac tieu (Khan & cdng sff, 2017; Penger va cdng cffc (Rude, W., 2004; Olesia va cdng sff, 2014; Staats, sff, 2014), dap ffng nhu cau tff hoan thien B., 2015) Trong cac phong each lanh dao, phong each ban than cua nhan vien lanh dao tan tam cd ndi dung cd't ldi lien quan den viec De thuc day tang trffdng bd'i canh dat ldi ich cua ngffdi khac len trffdc, san sang lui ve de van cdn ban che ve hieu qua ngudn nhan tan tam cho muc tieu ldn hdn ciia td chffc qua viec hau life, cac doanh nghiep can hdn nffa sff tap thuan, thuc day sff phat trien ca nhan cua nhan vien trung vao chie'n Iffdc cai thien nang sua't bang each trao quyen va dat ldng tin ndi hp
lao ddng Mdt nhffng each hieu qua Theo Dierendonck va cpng sff (2011), cac nha't la thdng qua tac ddng tff phia nha phan cua phong each lanh dao Tan tam tac ddng tich lanh dao, de tang cffdng sff hai ldng cffc den sif hai long cdng viec Cdn, Akdol va cdng viee cua nhan vien va dd chinh la ly cpng sif (2015) cho rang, ngoai trff nhan td Bao dung, thtfc hien nghien cffu cac nhan td, nhff: Trao quyen; Hau thuin; Tin nhiem; *TS., "ThS., Trffdng Dai hoc Kinh te TP Ho Chi Minh I Email: thanhvan@ueh.edu.vn
Ngdy nhan bdi: 05/10/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/11/2018
(2)BANG 1: THONG TIN PHAN TICH CRONBACH'S ALPHA Trung binh thang Phtfcfng sai thang
do nS'u loai bi^'n n^'u loai bi§'n
Tvldng quan
bi^'n tS'ng
He s6'Cronbach's Alpha nS'u loai bi€'n
Thang Trao (Kv hieu STO): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.867
STQl STQ2 STQ3 7.08 7.09 7.08 3.607 3.485 3.845
Thang dn Hnu thunn (Kv hieu SHT): Cronha
SHTl SHT2 SHT3 7.45 7.55 7.24 3.767 3.780 4.273 782 775 683 780 785 868
nh'a Alpha = 0.878
.814 722 771 782 873 828
Thang Tin nhiem (Kv hieu STN): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.891
STNl STN2 STN3 7.07 7.08 7.03 5.080 4.491 4.686 750 819 795 877 817 838
Thans Can dam (Kv hieu SCD): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.806
SCDl SCD2 SCD3
6.53 6.70 _ _ _ 6.52
Thang Chinh triic (Kv I
SCTl SCT2 S r T SCT4 10.43 10.14 9.99 10.14 5.022 4.256 4.288
ueu SCT): Cronbat
8.942 8.029 8.940 8.826 585 699 681 802 686 .mi
:h's Alpha = 0.854
.660 830 713 596 829 755 808 859
Thans Khiem nhiidne (Kv hieu SKN): Cronbach's Alpha - 0.895
SKNl SKN2 SKN3 SKN4 SKN.5 13.91 13.85 13.46 13.48 13.80 16.262 17.464 18.167 17.984 16.919
Thans SiC hdi Ions trons cons viec (Kv hi
SHLl SHL2 SHL3 SHL4 SHL5 SHT 17.75 17.58 17.58 17 54 17.50 17 57 15.308 14.149 14.978 15.427 15.580 16.309 802 705 765 721 734 859 881 870 878 875
eu SHL): Cronbach's Alpha
.497 732 546 574 523 441 ^0.796 778 721 766 759 771 789
BANG 2: TOM TAT PHAN TICH EFA Cac thdng sd'
KMO
Gia tri sig Bartlett test So lu'dng nhan to' rut trich Tong phu'dng sai trich Eigenvalues
So'bien bi loai
EFA cac bien ddc ISp
0.818 0.00 76.005% 1.126 bien
EFA bien phu thudc
0.815 0.000 50.144% 3.009 bien Ngu6n: Ket qua tinh toan cua nhom tac gia
HINH: JVlO HINH NGHIEN CCfa DE XOAT PHONG CACH LANH
DAO TAN TAM 1 Trao quyen [^
HSu thuan L
Tfn nhi^m r
1 Can ddm
[
Chfnh trifc L-^
Khidm ntiiriyng [
H4 ^ ~ ^ ^ i
HS^.-'^'^y^
Hitf 16ng trong cong
Nguon: Nhom tac gia d6 xuat Can dam; Chinh trffc; Khiem nbffdng deu tac ddng tich cffc den sff hai long cdng viec cua nhan vien Trong dd, nhan td Trao quyen; Khiem nbffdng va Hau thuin cd tac ddng manh nha't
Hashim va cdng sff (2016) nghien cffu mdi quan he cua phong each lanh dao Tan tam va sff hai long cdng viec tai Trffdng Dai hpc Penshawar, Pakistan Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cd mdi quan he tich cffc, cd
y nghia giffa ly tffdng Tan tam, Sif thong thai va Quan gia td chffc vdi sff hai long cdng viec Cac phan, nhif: Xoa diu cam xue va Hffdng din thuyet phue chffa the khang dinh dffpc cd mdi quan he vdi sif hai long cdng viec mlu nghien effu Nghien cffu khuyen khich cac nghien effu sau tiep tuc kiem dinh lai cac md'i quan he vdi cac bien
Nghien cffu cua Tischler va cpng sif (2016) thffc hien vdi 427 nhan vign, 69 quan tri vien va 14 lanh dao, dp tudi tif 30 den 49 tai cdng ty tai Hoa Ky Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, phong each lanh dao tan tam cd md'i quan he tich cffc vdi sff danh gia ban than va sif hai ldng cdng viec cua nhan vien
Tren cd sd xem xet eac nghien cihi lien quan, nhdm tac gia da de xua't mo hinh nghien effu nhff Hinh
PhUOngphdp nghien cdu
Difa tren ke't qua nghien effu dinh tinh, tac gia da thiet ke thang gdm 27 bien quan sat Iffdng phong each lanh dao tan tam va sff hai long cdng viec 350 bang cau hdi khao sat dffdc phat Sau loai bd eac bang khdng hop le, nghien cffu thu ve 342 phie'u Sau do, dff lieu dffpc xff ly qua phan mem SPSS Ddi tffdng khao sat la cac nhan vien van phdng tai TP Hd Chi Minh Thdi gian thtfc hien khao sat la tff thang 05 den thang 08/2018 (Bdi vie't sddung cdch viet chU sd thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c te)
KET q U A THAO LUAN
NGHIEN CLfU VA
Kiem dinh tin cdy thang Ket qua kiem dinh dp tin cay thang cho tha'y, cac nhan to dang tin cay, he sd Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 (Bang 1) Nhff vay, 27 bien quan sat cua nhan to Phong each lanh dao tan tam va Sff hai long cdng viee dffdc dffa vao phan tich nhan tdkham pha (EFA)
Phdn tich EFA
Thdng qua ket qua phan tich EFA ta tha'y, cac bien ddc lap va bien phu thuoc deu cd cac chi sd danh gia thich hdp (chi sdKMO > 0.5; he sd Eigenvalue >i; tdng phffdng sai trich >50%; he sdtai nhan to cua cac bien quan sat len nhan td, ma no Iffdng cd trpng sd> 0.5) (Bang 2)
Ket qua phan tich EFA cho cac bi6 ddc lap va bien phu thupe cho thay, 27 bien quan sat dffdc nit trich nhan to tffdng ffng vdi bien ddc lap va nhan
82
(3)KiiiKle va Duf bao
td tffdng ffng vdi bien phu thudc, 27 bien quan sat hdi tu dung len nhan td ma nd Iffdng (Bang 3) Dieu cho tha'y, cac thang dang tin cay su* dung va dffdc dffa vao de phan tieh tiep theo
Phdn tich hoi quy, kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet nghien cdu
Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho tha'y, cac bien deu phii hdp vdi gia thuye't ban dau, ngoai trff nhan to Stf khiem nbffdng thudc Phong each lanh dao tan tam la khdng tac ddng de^n sff hai ldng cua nhan vien tai eac doanh nghiep TP Hd Chi Minh Bdi cd he sd p = -0.014, gia tri Sig = 0.661 > 0.5
KET LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH
Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, ed nhan td thudc ve Phong each lanh dao tan tam tac ddng den sff hai long eiia nhan vien tai cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban TP Hd Chi Minh Trong dd, nhan td Sff chinh tnfc tac ddng manh nhat, tha'p nha't la nhan td Sif trao quyen Tuy nhien, sd cac nhan td dffdc sff dung nghien cffu, thi nhan td Sff khiem nbffdng khdng cd mdi lien he vdi Slf hai long cua nhan vien tai cac doanh nghiep TP Hd Chi Minh
Tren cd sd ket qua nghien cffu, de tang sff hai ldng cua nhan vien cac doanh nghiep tai TP Hd Chi Minh, tff dd thuc day nang sua't lam viec, theo nhdm tac gia, can thffc hien mdt so'giai phap sau:
Su trao quyen Trong xu the hdi nhap qudc te va trinh dp dan tri mdt nang cao, nhu cau ve cam giac tff chu cua ngffdi lao ddng cung se dan mpt tang len Do dd, nha lanh dao nen cdi md hdn viec trao quyen tff quyet dinh cho nhan vien, de tang cffdng hai ldng cdng viec ciia nhan vien Ben canh dd, nha lanh dao can manh dan hdn viec hffdng dan va tao dieu kien cho nhan vien tff lam chii ban than va cdng viec cua minh Cd the thffc hien thdng qua mpt so viec, nhff: kheo leo cho phep nhan vien tham gia vao qua trinh quyet dinh, tif tim giai phap cho cac van de cdng viec cua minh de nhan vien cd the tff chu vdi cdng viec hdn, qua dd, gan trach nhiem ban than vdi trach nhiem chung eiia dpi, nhdm Ben canh do, khuyen khich nhan vien tff quyet dinh thdi gian hoan cdng viee nhffng cd ly giai vi can Iffdng thdi gian nhff vay va cam ket thffc hien dung tien dp, chat Iffdng nhff da dang ky Dieu cd the xay difng nhan vien cam giac
SKN1 SKN2 SKN3 SKN4 SKN5 SCTl SCT2 SCT3 SCT4 SHTl SHT2 ,SHT3 STNl STN2 STN3 STOl S T S T SCD1 sen? SCD3
BANG 3: MA TRAN XOAY NHAN TO CAC BIEN DOC LAP
C.Ac nhSn tA'
1
.848 765 850 836 794
2
.810 891 811 678
3
.8.34 874 868
4
.881 786 860
5
.864 858 8.34
6
.759 821 829
Mo tiinh
Hans So Hans so Khiem nhtfdng Sir chfnh trirc Hau thuan Su'tin nhiem Sir trao quven SUcan dam
BANG 4: KET QGA PHAN TICH HOI QOY H§ s6' chtfa
chuan hoa B
.118 506 -.014 277 142 209 100 153
Std Error
.121 170 033 035 036 032 035 033
H | s ' chu^n hoa
Beta
-.019 347 178 289 120 202
t -.969 2.983 -.440 7.897 3.930 6.483 2.824 4,605
Sig
.333 003 661 000 000 000 005 000
Cac gia tri da cOng Tolerance
.741 734 686 710 780 732
thd'ng kg tuve'n
VIF
1.350 1.362 1.458 1.408 1.283
1,367
Ngu6n: Ke't qua tinh toan cua nhom tac gia
tff ehu dd'i vdi cdng viec, giiip tang sff hai long ndi tai va gia tang hai long cdng viec ndi chung
Su chinh triic De thffc hien stf chinh tnfc, nha lanh dao can thoai mai hdn viec nhin nhan ban than va cdi md hdn viee thd Id tam tff vdi ddng nghiep Nha lanh dao cung la ngffdi, cd mat manh, mat yeu rieng, viec chap nhan diem yeu, nhan thffc rd diem manh se giup nhan vien cam thay bdt ap life, tao bau khdng thoai mai, tff tin ndi nhan vien Ben canh dd, viec thffdng xuyen md rdng ndi tam, hffdng ngoai hdn se keo gan mpi ngffdi lai vdi hdn, xay dffng md'i quan he ben chat va giup nhan vien hai long hdn tai ndi lam viec Viec the hien sff chinh trffc cdn mang lai ke^t qua tich cffc Thuyet hpc hdi xa hdi giai thich dieu giup nhan vien noi gffdng, hpc tap theo hinh mlu ngffdi lanh dao va cam tha'y thoai mai hdn tai ndi lam viec, giup gia tang sff hai long cdng viec
Sutin nhiem Cung nhff trao quyen, nha lanh dao can dat long tin ndi nhan vien, tin nhiem nhan vien, giup hp cd them sff tff tin hoan cdng viec Dat ldng tin la mpt chie'n Iffdc khdn ngoan viec kich phat nhffng tiem nang cua dpi ngu lao ddng, giup nhan vien cd cam giac dffdc tin tffdng, nhan viec nhffng khdng cd cam giac bi giao viec, ma trai lai, hang say hdn cdng tac Sff tin tffdng nhan vien xua't phat tff nhan dinh dung dan ve pham chat, nang life cua nhan vien Nha lanh dao can quan tam de'n diem manh, yeu cua tffng ca nhan va tff dd cd bffdc tac ddng thieh hdp, giiip nhan vien vffdt qua gidi ban cua ban than va gat hai cdng Sif tin
(4)nhiem dem lai niem vui cho nhan vien dffdc td chffc, SU can ddm Tuy phung sif can co su" ngffdi khac tin tffdng Nhan vien dffdc tin nhiem cam hy sinh rat nhieu, nhffng nha lanh dao tha'y minh cd gia tri td chffc, din den tich cffc hdn khdng dffdc thieu di sif kien quyet, biin cuoc sdng, tff dd tich cffc hdn cdng viec ITnh va phai ludn giff vffng vai hd lanh
Su hau thudn Theo ket qua nghien cffu, sff hau dao ciia minh Sff tinh tffdng tam
thuin tff phia nha lanh dao la nhan td tac ddng tich cffc nhin va ddng vien din bffdc nhan vien den sff hai long cdng viec ciia nhan vien Do do, tam nhin vin cdn md hd se lan tea cdng tac hd trd nhan vien cdng viec la td'i quan nhan vien sff tin tffdng va an tam trpng De lam dffdc dieu nay, trffdc bet nha quan tri can ndi ngffdi lanh d|o Qua dd, nhan vien gia tang hdn nffa sif dap ffng nhu cau ve cd sd vat chat cang tin nhiem td chffc va hai ldng hdn lam viec; giai quyet kip thdi cac nguyen vpng chinh lam viec d day
dang cua nhan vien va hdn bet ludn dat ldi ich nhan Can dam cdn the hien d viec chap vien la nhiem vu trung tam Hffdng din, lanh dao hp tif nhan nii ro de thff tiep can van de theo phat trien ban than se ludn mang lai ldi ich cho ca ddi each mdi, cai tien sff viec va thffc hien ben nhan vien mdt phat trien va td chffc theo ddi mdi can thiet Cai tien giup chat mpt vffng manh lffdng cdng viec, chat Iffdng cuoc sdng tot
Ben canh dd, mdt dieu quan trpng ngffdi lanh dao hdn va ket qua tich ctfc se din den can cd la kien thffc va ky nang lien quan de thifc hien gia tang sff hai long ndi nhan vien Mat sff hau thuan hieu qua De lam dffdc dieu nay, nha lanh khac, mdt td chffc khdng the nao phat dao can thffdng xuyen trau ddi kien thffc chuyen mdn; trien neu khdng cd sff ddi mdi, nhan vien hpc tap cac kien thffc hd trd cdng tac se hieu qua khdng the gan cuoc sd'ng cua hp vdi nd hdn giup dd nhan vien cang cu nhat va phai md dan di.Q
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