chinh quyen phai tie'n hdnh hffdng ddn thtfc hien chinh sach, ndi dung nay da dffde trien khai ve cac qudn huyen va cdc ban nganh lidn quan, ddng thdi cdng bdo de ngffdi dan ndm dffde[r]
(1)TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
PHAN TICH CHINH SACH
BAO TON NHA BIET THlT TREN DIA BAN
THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• LE TH! Hl/dNG - MAI NGQC K H U O N G
TOM TAT:
Bao tdn nhd bidt thtf trdn dia ban thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh la mdt nhffng chinh sdch cd y nghTa dac biet quan frong ITnh vtfc kid'n true dd thi, gdp phan "xde dinh dau d'n kid'n triic eua Thanh phd mang tinh lieh stf" Ddc diem kid'n true qua mdi thdi kj- la nhtfng btfc tranh sdng ddng tai hien lai cdc giai doan lieh stf ma Thanh phd da trai qua, cac cdng trinh c6 gia tri to Idn khdng chi d ITnh vtfc kid'n true ma cdn mang gid tri lich stf, van hda nghe thudt, kinh te, du lich, Nghien cihi nham ddnh gid cdng tac bao tdn nhd bidt thff trdn dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, trdn cd sd danh gia thtfc ti-ang vd cac yd'u id anh htfdng dd'n cha't Itfdng cua chinh sdch, nghien ctfu d^ xua't mdt sd' giai phap, vdi mong mud'n gdp ph^n hoan thidn chinh sach bdo tdn nhd bidt thtf trdn dia ban thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh thdi gian tdi
Tiif khda: Bao tdn nha biet thtf, chinh sdch bdo tdn, phdn tich chinh sach cdng
1 Dat van de
Lich stf phdt tnen cua mdi qudc gia trai qua cae thdi ky da gdp phan xdy dtfng nen nhtfng ddc trtfng van hda rieng bidt; mdi giai doan la mdt lat cat lich stf, gdp phan hinh thdnh ndn be day van hda ddn tpc San pha'm cua tid'n trinh phdt trien dd' lai cho cac thd' hd sau nhtfng gid tri nen tang ben vffng ve kinh te', van hda, lich stf va la minh chffng sdu sac cho sff phdt ffien dd Dong hdnh ciing qud trinh phat trie'n la vai trd vd cung quan trpng cua Nha nffde cdng tdc quan ly dieu hdnh, dd chinh sdch cdng la mdt nhffng cdng cu hifu hieu chu yd'u de Nha nffde thffc hidn cdc chtfc nang, nhidm vu cua minh Bai vid't tap trung phan tich "Chinh sdch bao tdn nha biet thff tren dia ban phd' Ho Chi Mmh" Day la mdt nhtfng chinh sach cua UBND Thanh phd' cdng tdc bdo ton, cai tao nhtfng cdng trinh bidt thff cd gid tri to Idn v l vdn hda, lich sff dffde xay dtfng trffdc ndm 1975 Chinh sach ndy dffde chinh quyen phd' Ho Chi Minh de cap Iff nam 1996 (Thdng bao sd 46/TB-UB-QLDT 17 thang nam 1996 ciia UBND Thanh
phd "Ve bdo ton canh quan kid'n trtfc phd Ho Chi Minh") dffa tren he thd'ng quy pham phap lual vd tinh hinh thffc td' tai phd' Hd Chi Minh -nguy cd xud'ng cap, thdo dd sai quy dinh cdc cong trinh bidt thff can bao ton cua cdc chu sd hffu Qua trinh trid'n khai dp dung, chinh sach btfdc dau da mang lai nhtfng tac ddng tich cffc, gdp phan han che td'i da dffde sff bie'n dang ve mat kid'n true, cdng nang, hien trang cdng trinh vd bdo tdn khodng 1.300 can bidt thff cu dffde xay dffng trffdc 1975(*) tren dia ban Thdnh phd'; nhidn, chinh sach cung cdn ton lai nhffng han chd' nha't dinh qua trinh ban hdnh vd thffc thi Bai vie't stf dung quy tnnh xdy dffng vd thffc thi chinh sach de danh gid kd't qua/tac ddng cua "Chinh sdch bao ton nha biet thff tren dja ban phd Hd Chi Minh" dd'n cdc ben lidn quan, ttf dd nhdn dinh nhtfng mat dat dtfdc va han che, ddng thdi de xua't nhtfng kid'n nghi gdp phdn hodn chinh chinh sdch bdi cdnh thifc td' tai phd Ho Chi Minh giai doan hien
(2)qUANTRI-QUANLY
Ket qua nghidn ctfu ghi nhdn, trdn dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh cd khoang 1.300 can Met thff cu dffde xdy dffng trffdc nam 1975(*), cdc cdng trinh dffde xdy dffng thdi thupc Phdp vdi net kid'n true dac trffng cua chdu Au, cdc cdng tiinh gan Hen vdi tien hinh lich stf cua dd't nffde, ddy Id khd'i tai san quan trpng cua qud'c gia cd gid tri Idn ve vdt ehd't lan tinh Ihtn, la cdng trinh sd'ng ddng tdi hidn dd'u d'n lich stf, Id diim nhd'n pha trdn lao ndn sff da dang kie'n true A - Au Trdn thffc id', mdt phtn khdng nhd hien trang cdng trinh bidt thff didn bao tdn bi hff hong, xud'ng ca'p; nhu cau stfa chffa, cai tao, tdng didn tich stf dung va chuyen ddi cdng nang cua cdc chu sd htfu cang tang, vi vay di san dd thi tai phd' Ho Chi Minh tid mdt van dd Idn, Id mdt nhtfng nguyen nhdn dan de'n cdc xung ddt Idi Ich gitfa nhd dau tff tff nhdn/ngffdi dan vdi chinh quyen trdn cdc mat kinh te' (stfc hiit dau tff khu vffc trung ldm thdnh phd', gid tri stf dung cua cdng trinh); chinh ffi (hdnh lang phdp ly cdng tdc bdo tdn, the chd') va cdc va'n dd xa hdi (cdng tdc di ddi, tdi dinh ctf dd'i vdi cdng trinh xud'ng cd'p), Nham gin gitf sd'ng ddng gia tri cdng trinh va han chd' td'i da mdu thuan xud't phat va'n dd Idi Ich cua cac bdn hen quan vd thtfc hien hieu qua chtfc nang quan ly, chinh quyen thdnh phd'da ban hanh "Chinh sdch bao tdn nhd bidt thif tren dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh", chinh sdch htfdng den cdc giai phdp cho bdi todn dd thi gdy nhieu tranh cai
3 Qua trinh xdy dt^ng va thtfc thi chinh sach bao ton nha bidt thi^ trdn dia ban phd'Ho Chi Mmh
O giai doan khdi sff chinh sach, chinh quyen thdnh phd da nhin nhan thffc trang kid'n true dd thi lai Hd Chi Minh va xac dmh day la "cdng vide quan trpng phai dffde tid'n hanh nghiem tuc, thdn trpng va lam ngay" (Thdng bao sd46/TB-UB-QLDT 17 didng nam 1996 cua UBND Thanh phd' "Vd bao tdn cdnh quan kien true phd Ho Chi Minh"), noi dung chi dao then ehd't la did'm md'u chdt quan trpng, md dtu cho viec xac dinh gia tri cua cdc biet thff can bdo tdn, trdn cd sd chi dao cua UBND Thanh phd', cdc cd quan chuyen mdn da nhanh chdng tid'n hanh thdng ke sd bd ve so Iffdng cdc can nha biet thff dffde xay dffng trffdc nam 1975(*) lam cd sd di xud't ban hanh chinh sdch, kd't qua thdng ke dd ghi nhan tffdng ddi ve so Ueu nha bidt thff can bdo tdn ti-en dia ban Thanh phd' Tuy
nhidn, sff thieu hut ve cd sd dtf Udu cdng tdc quan ly kien true dd thi ttf nhieu giai doan trffdc, vl vdy cdc cd quan quan ly khdng cd hd sd gdc cac biet thtf, khdng nam dtfdc ke't cau, kie'n true phuc vu cho cdng tdc bdo tdn, stfa chtfa; qua trinh kie'm de'm bidt thff gap nhieu kho khan, so' lieu thu vd tff cac ddn vi dffde phdn cdng kiem de'm cd stf chdnh lech (sd lidu Trung tdm Nghien ctfu Kid'n true kilm dd'm la 227 can biet thff cu;sd'heu Sd Quy hoach Kid'n true cung cd'p la 1271 can bidt thff cu; so hdu Sd Xdy dffng phd Ho Chi Minh tdng hdp tff bao cao cua cdc qudn - huyen ciing khdng trung khdp vdi sd'hdu ddn vi tren cung cd'p); sd dT sd lieu cd sff chdnh Idch tffng thdi die'm qua trinh stf dung, thao dd, chuyin d6i cdng ndng biet thff trdi phep ttf cac chu sd hihi; ddng thdi, chffa ban hanh bd tieu chi danh gia, phan loai bidt thff, vi vdy danh sdch ndy dffde lap difa tren cdc tieu chi chu quan It kha thi cua cdc cd quan quan ly Trdn cd sd thdng tin thu thdp dtfdc, cac cd quan chuydn mdn cd cd sd kip thdi de xua't len UBND Thanh phd xdy dffng "Chinh sach bdo tdn nhd biet thff tien dia ban thdnh phd' Ho Chi Minh"
Md d^u cho qua trinh "hoach dinh chinh sach", UBND Thanh phd da xac dinh "Chinh sach bao tdn nha biet thff tien dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh" la mdt tiong nhtfng chinh sach trpng tam va dai ban cua Thdnh phd', ndi dung dff thao chinh sach dffde phdn cdng cho Hdi Kid'n true sff trffdng Thanh phd phd'i hdp vdi cdc cd quan chuydn mdn chiu trdeh nhiem tiiam mffu xdy dffng, chinh sach dffde ddi difa trdn nhffng quy chuan ve mat kie'n true dd thi, cd quan chtfc nang cd chuyen mdn sdu ve ITnh vffc tham mffu vd ddng gdp y kie'n, vi vay ndi dung cua chinh sdch dam bao dung, day du cac ydu cau ve mat kid'n true thi Tuy nhidn, qud trinh Id'y y kien phan bidn chinh sach chi dffde tiie'n khai d pham vi cac cd quan chtfc nang vd cdc nha nghien ctfu, chffa md rpng ddi tffdng ddng gdp y kid'n phan bien la nhtfng ngffdi chu sd hffu trffc tie'p - nhtfng ngffdi cd tac dpng Q-ffc tie'p dd'n cdng tac bao tdn vd y kid'n cua cpng ddng nhan ddn - nhiftig ngffdi hffdng quyen Idi gidn tie'p Iff cac cdng trinh mang lai Vi vdy, qua trinh long hdp, hoan thien va ban hdnh chinh sach cua cd quan cdng quyen chffa thffc sff loan didn va chffa dam bao cdc ydu c^u dieo ttfng bffdc cua qud tiinh hoach dinh chinh sach de
(3)TAP CHi CONG THKifNG
chinh quyen phai tid'n hdnh hffdng ddn thffc hien chinh sach, ndi dung da dffde trid'n khai ve cdc qudn huydn va cdc ban nganh hen quan, ddng thdi cdng bao de ngffdi dan nam dffde chu trffdng chung cua chinh quyen Tuy nhidn, dffde hdi ve cac ndi dung nay, khdng it chu s6 htfu khdng nam cac quy dinh ve viec bao tdn vd phan loai bidt thff, ban thdn cac chu sd hffu khdng nam dffde tai san cua minh dffde phan loai d nhdm bdo ton nao, dieu gay khdng it khd khdn cho qua trinh thffc thi chinh sach nhff thdi dp khdng hdp tac cua chu sd hiJu cdng tdc bao tdn, hoat ddng iff y thao dd, cai tao sai phep, khdng dam bdo gitf nguydn hidn trang ban dau cua cdng trinh de phuc vu cdc muc dich kinh te'; sd' lidu thd'ng kd cho thd'y, phan Idn biet thff nam d khu trung tdm phd hoac cdc khu thffdng mai dich vu Quan 1,3- ndi cd stfc ep Idn ve dd't dai va kinh td', dd bidt thff thffdng cd xu hffdng bi pha bd, thay thd' bang cdc cdng trinh cao tang, dieu ndy dnh hffdng xa'u de'n didn mao kie'n tnic Thanh phd ndi chung va gia tri lich stf cua cdc cdng trinh ndi ridng
Sau hdn 20 nam triln khai, "Chinh sdch bdo tdn nha biet thff tren dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh" dffde UBND Thanh phd' nhin nhan la chinh sach ddi han, cap thidt va bffdc ddu dd gdp phdn gin giff dffde net kid'n true dac trffng trffdc nam 1975 vdi khoang 1.300 can biet thff Net kie'n true dac sac la mdt nhffng yd'u to kich thich sff phdt tiiln cua nganh kinh td' du Uch vdi net dac trffng "it cd phd nao tien the' gidi cd mot khu phd' Phap thu vi nhff Vidt Nam" (TS Nguydn Quang - Gidm dd'c chffdng trinh Dinh cff ngffdi Lidn hdp qud'c); Dong thdi, cdc cdng trinh kie'n trtfc se la nhtfng thdng diep lich stf sd'ng ddng mang gid tri van hda, lich stf vd kinh Id' lo Idn cho sif phdt tiie'n cua Thanh phd Tuy nhien, diem han che' Idn nhd't cua chinh sach la chffa ban hanh dffde Bd tieu chi danh gid vd phdn loai biet thff - day la nut that Idn khie'n cho cdng tac kiem dem, phan loai bidt thff gap nhi^u khd khdn; cdng tdc trung tu cai tao, thdo dd, xin phep xay dffng cua ngtfdi ddn chffa dffde giai quye't kip thdi cung la mdt nhiing ye'u id' tao nen btfc xuc dan cff Ta't ca nhffng ndi dung trdn da dffde chinh quyen ddnh gid va ghi nhdn Tren cd sd dd can cd nhffng dieu chinh cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh hidn tai va nhanh chdng gidi quyd't cdc yeu clu cua ngffdi dan lien quan tdi hoat dpng cap phep stfa chtfa, xdy dffng vd quyen sd hifu tai san tff nhdn
Cd the tha'y, bao tdn di san phai phu hdp vdi sff
van ddng va phdt trien cua cdng trinh dat bfi'j canh phdt trien chung cua Thanh phd, gdp phan giup cho cdng trinh dd gin gitf dffde nhffng net kid'n true dac trffng vd cdc dac tinh cua mot di san "sd'ng" c6 cdng nang sd'ng dpng Bidt thff cd la hinh anh van hda dilm nhan dac trffng d Sai Gon, nhidn quan nidm tham my moi thdi dilm khdng gid'ng nhau, chinh vi vdy, "Chinh sdch bdo ton nhd bidt thff trdn dia ban phd'Ho Chi Minh "ra ddi da dap tfng nhu cau cap thid't cdng tac bao tdn, vide danh gid va phdn loai bidt thff cua chinh quyen trd ndn c^n thid't nham nhanh chdng gidi quyd't thudn Idi cho ngffdi dan cdng tac ca'p phep xay dtfng do'i vdi nhffng cdng trinh khdng thupc didn bdo tdn Tuy nhien, cac gidi phdp ma UBND Thanh phd'dffa ddi chffa phat huy dffde vai trd cua cdc chfi sd hiJu cdng tdc bao tdn - nhiftig nhdn td tdc ddng trffc tid'p dd'n vide bao tdn, trung tu gia tri cdng Hinh; vi vdy, can nhin nhan vai trd cua cac chu sd htfu Ik rat quan trpng cdng tac bao tdn, song song vdi viec d'n dinh cdc the chd', chinh quyln can tang cffdng van ddng, thuyd't phuc va ed chinh sach hb trd hdp ly d l cdc chu sd htfu thffc hidn cdng tac bSo tdn vd cai tao nguydn trang di tich
4 Nhifng t6n tai cua chinh sach bao t6n nha bi^t thtf trdn dia ban phd' H Chi Minh
Tong hdp cac npi dung phan tich neu tien, cd the thd'y "Chinh sach bao tdn nhd bidt thff trdn dia bdn phd Ho Chi Minh " tinh de'n thdi diem hidn tai chffa phai la mdt chinh sach thdnh cdng Dilu n^y dffde minh chtfng thdng qua thffc trang cdc bidt thif bi ma't dan (danh sdch cac cdng trinh bidt thtf c^n bao tdn cang it) hoac xud'ng cd'p ttam trpng, vide chia cat bidt thff, chuyd'n ddi cdng nang cfia cSc cdng trinh keo theo chuyen doi hidn trang kid'n tnic cdng trinh didn nam ngoai stf kiem soat cua cd quan quan ly (iff nha bidt thff thdnh van phdng, thffdng mai, djch vu, v.v.), tinh tiang Iff $ thao d3, cai tao khdng giff nguydn hidn trang khie'n cho cac biet thff cu bi bie'n dang hoac "bie'n mat" trd nen kha phd bie'n; Ddi quy chd' bdo tdn cdn mdu thuSn vdi cdc quy dinh ve cai tao thi, vi du nhtf chu trffdng quy hoach md rdng Id gidi giao thdng tren cdc tuyd'n dffdng trung tdm Qudn 1, de giai quye't cdc va'n din un tac giao thdng se lam thu hep mdt ph^n didn tich khudn vidn cua nhffng bidt thif tai khu vffc ndy; Sff dd'i lap ve quy dmh bao tdn bidt thff va quyen sd hifu tai san tff nhdn cua chu sd hii^ cung la mdt vd'n d l bffe bd'i, dieu gay cdc bi?c
(4)QUANTRI-QUANLY
xuc cho ngffdi dan quyen sd htfu lai san iff nhan; Tid'n trinh thffc hidn/ban hanh bp tidu chi qua chdm chap (nam 2013, Ban chi dao xdy dffng kd' hoach, chffdng trinh hanh ddng cdng tdc bao tdn canh quan kid'n true dd thi tren dia ban phd'Ho Chi Minhda dff thao lan bd tidu chi gffi cdc sd, ban, nganh, qudn - huyen gdp y, de'n bd tieu chi vdn chffa dffde ban hanh), dieu khid'n cho cdng tdc phdn loai, xe'p hang bidt thff bi dam chan tai chd, cdng tdc cd'p phep xdy dffng dd'i vdi cdc cdng trinh khdng thupc dien bao tdn khdng thffc hidn dffpc khid'n cho cdc cdng trinh xud'ng cd'p, gdy khd khdn cho cudc sdng cua ngffdi dan, vi the' cdng tac chinh trang dd thi cung khdng dat ydu cau
5 Giai phap hoan thi$n chinh sach bao tdn nha bidt thtf trdn dia ban phd'H6 Chi Minh Xet vl mat muc ddu cua "Chinh sdch bao tdn nhd bidt thff trdn dia ban thdnh phd' Ho Chi Minh ", day la mdt tiong nhtfng chinh sdch quan trong, ca'p bach dd'i vdi cdng tdc quy hoach thi nham bao ton cac cdng trinh kie'n trdc cd gid tri to Idn tren nhilu phffdng didn Trdn cd sd danh gid nhffng kd't qua dat dffde va cac tdn tai ban che', nghien ctfu de xud't mdt sd'kid'n nghi gdp phln hodn thidn vd ddm bao kha thi hdn cho chinh sdch
Thdnhdt, UBND Thanh phd cin d'n dinh Id trinh cu the, giao cho cac cd quan chuyen mdn nhanh chdng hoan chinh quy chd' hffdng d§n qudn ly, bdo tdn; ban hanh "Bd tieu chi danh gia va phdn loai bidt thff cu tidn dia bdn Thdnh phd'" vd "Quy dinh quan ly cdng trinh xay dffng tien cdc khu dd't biet thff cu khdng thude nhdm bao tdn", dl Id trinh, thdi han phai hoan bd tieu chi, neu rd trach nhidm gidi trinh cua cac bdn lidn quan khid'n cho Id trinh hi cham tre, day se la cd sd giai quyet nhanh vide cd'p phep thdo dd, xdy dffng cho ngffdi ddn dd'i vdi nhffng cdng trinh khdng thupc didn bao tdn, ban chl^ dffde sff btfc xuc, tang sff dong thudn cua ngffdi dan dd'i vdi cdng tdc phdn loai, kiem ddm bidt thff Thd hai UBND Thanh phd can ban hanh cd che', trdeh nhiem quan ly chat che hdn, phdn cd'p qudn ly cu the dd'i vdi chinh quyln dia phffdng cdng tac quan ly cdc cdng trinh bidt thff cu thupc dien bdo tdn, nham han che trffdng hdp cdc chu sd hifu/chu diu tff Iff y thao dd, chia cdt bidt thff trdi phdp luat Thdba, Thanh phd'cin stf dung cac phffdng phdp mang tinh ddt pha gdp phan giai quyet nhanh cdc ndi dung lidn quan nhtf phdn ca'p/uy quyen di kem vdi van ban hffdng dan va bd tidu chi d l cdc dia
phffdng chu ddng ddnh gia, lffa chon, giam sffc i vd trdeh nhidm tap the cdng tdc qudn ly kid'n tnic dd thi
Thd tu, UBND Thanh phd' can cd chinh sdch hd trd kinh te', khuye'n khich, ddng vidn ngffdi dan nhdm ndng cao y thffc vide tu, bao tdn cdc cdng trinh bidt thtf cd Cd the djnh htfdng cdc mo hinh cho chu sd hffu stf dung cdc cdng trinh biet thff bao ton kd't hdp vdi cdc muc dich kinh te' (ke't hdp cdng tdc bao tdn vdi viec xdy dffng md hinh Sai Gdn xffa cd sff kd't hdp phat trien cdc nganh du lich thffdng mai ), tff dd gdp phan bdo tdn sd'ng ddng hdn cdng trinh ma van dam bao cac gid tri cua cdng trinh dd mang lai va xda bd tdm ly "sd danh di san" cua cdc chu sd hffu Thanh lap cac quy bdo tdn bidt thff ttf viec de xud't mdt phan ttf ngdn sdch phd' vd huy ddng ddng gdp ttf cac to chtfc thu Idi nhuan nganh dich vu du Ijch {cdc cdng ty/td chtfc cd xu hffdng to chffc cac doan tham quan, du Ijch cho hanh khach);
Thd ndm, qua trinh ban hanh vd thffc thi chinh sdch cin trien khai rdng rdi dd'n cdc bdn hen quan, dac bidt la chu sd htfu de chinh sach dam bdo tinh kha thi, ro rang qud trinh thifc thi chinh sach; lap cdc doan nghien ctfu, hpc tdp kinh nghiem ve bao tdn cdnh quan kid'n true d cac nffde chdu Au, tff dd van dung linh hoat, phu hdp vao dieu kien tai thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh
6 Ke't ludn
(5)TAP CHi CUNG THIfdNG
chinh quyln phdi tid'n hanh hffdng ddn thffc hidn chinh sach, ndi dung da dffde triln khai vl cdc quan huyen va cac ban nganh lien quan, ddng thdi cdng bdo de ngffdi ddn nam dffde chu trffdng chung cua chinh quyen Tuy nhien, dffpc hdi ve cdc npi dung nay, khdng it chu sd hffu khdng nam cdc quy dinh vl viec bao ton va phan loai bidt thff, ban than cac chu sd hifu khdng ndm dffde tai sdn cua minh dffpc phdn loai d nhdm bao tdn nao, dilu gdy khdng it khd khan cho qua trinh thffc thi chinh sdch nhtf thai dp khdng hdp tac cua chu sd hffu cdng tdc bao tdn, hoat dpng tff y thao dd, cai tao sai phep, khdng ddm bdo gitf nguydn hien trang ban dau cua cdng trinh de phuc vu cdc muc dich kinh id"; sd Hdu thd'ng kd cho tha'y, phan Idn bidt thff nam d khu trung tdm thdnh phd hoac cac khu thffdng mai djch vu Quan 1, - ndi cd sffc ep Idn vl da't dai vd kinh te', dd bidt thff thffdng cd xu hffdng bi phd bo, thay the' bang cdc cdng trinh cao tang, dieu anh hffdng xa'u den didn mao kid'n tnic Thanh phd ndi chung va gia tn lich stf cua cdc cdng trinh ndi ridng Sau hdn 20 nam triln khai, "Chinh sdch bao tdn nha biet thff tidn dia ban Ho Chi Minh" dffde UBND Thanh phd' nhin nhdn la chinh sach ddi ban, cd'p thid't va bffdc dau da gdp phan gin gitf dffde net kie'n true ddc trffng trffdc nam 1975 vdi khoang 1.300 can biet thff Net kid'n tinic dac sac la mdt nhffng ye'u td' kich thich sff phat triln cua nganh kinh Id' du lich vdi net dac tnfrig "it cd thdnh phd nao tren the' gidi cd mot khu phd' Phap thu vi nhff Vidt Nam" (TS Nguydn Quang - Giam dd'c chffdng trinh Dinh cff ngffdi Lien hdp qud'c); Dong thdi, cdc cdng trinh kid'n true se la nhffng thdng didp hch stf sdng dpng mang gid tri vdn hda, lich stf vd kinh id' to Idn cho stf phat trien cua Thanh phd' Tuy nhien, die'm han che Idn nhd't cua chinh sdch la chffa ban hanh ddtic Bd tieu chi ddnh gia va phdn loai bidt thff - ddy la nut that Idn khie'n cho cdng tac kiem de'm, phan loai Met thtf gap nhieu khd khan; cdng tac trung lu cdi tao, thdo dd, xin phep xay dffng cua ngffdi dan chffa dffde giai quyd't kip thdi cung Id mdt tiong nhffng yd'u td'tao nen btfc xtfc dan cff Td't ca nhtfng ndi dung tren da dffde chinh quyen ddnh gid vd ghi nhan Tren cd sd can cd nhtfng dieu chinh cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh hidn tai va nhanh chdng giai quyd't cdc yeu cau cua ngtfdi dan lidn quan tdi hoat ddng cd'p phep stfa chtfa, xdy dffng va quyln sd hifu tai san tff nhan
Cd the thd'y, bao tdn di san phai phii hop vdi sff
vdn ddng va phdt triln cua cdng trinh ddt tiong bSi canh phdt triln chung cua Thanh phd', gdp phan giiip cho cdng trinh gin giff dffde nhtfng net kie'n tnic dac tru^g va cdc dac tinh cua mdt di san "sdng"c6 cdng nang sd'ng ddng Bidt thff co la hinh anh van hda diem nhd'n dac trffng d Sai Gon, nhien quan nidm thd'm my mdi thdi diem khdng gid'ng nhau, chinh vi vay, "Chinh sdch bao tdn nha biet thif trdn dja ban phd' Ho Chi Minh" ddi da dap tfng nhu clu cd'p thie't tiong cdng tdc bao tdn, vide ddnh gid vd phan loai biet thff ciia chinh quyen tid nen cin thie't nham nhanh chdng giai quyd't thudn Idi cho ngffdi ddn cdng lac cd'p phep xdy dtfng ddi vdi nhffng cdng trinh khdng thupc dien bdo tdn Tuy nhien, cdc giai phdp ma UBND Thanh phd' dffa ddi chffa phdt huy dffde vai trd cua cac chu sd hifu tiong cdng tac bdo ton - nhi^g nhdn td tac dong trffc tid'p de'n viec bao tdn, triing tu gia tn cdng trinh; vi vay, cin nhin nhdn vai trd cua cdc chu sd hffu la ra't quan trpng tiong cdng tdc bdo ton, song song vdi vide d'n dinh cdc the chd', chinh quyen can tang cffdng van ddng, thuyd't phuc vd cd chinh sdch h6 tid hdp \^ de cac chu sd hifu thffc hien cdng tdc b^o tdn va cai tao nguydn trang di tich
4 Nhii'ng tdn tai cua chinh sach bao ton nha bi^t thvf trdn dia ban pho' Hd Chi Minh
(6)QUAN TRj-QUAN IV
xuc cho ngffdi dan quyln sd hffu tai san tff nhan; Tid'n trinh thffc hidn/ban hanh bd tieu chi qud chdm chap (nam 2013, Ban chi dao xay dffng ke' hoach, chffdng trinh hanh ddng cdng lac bao tdn canh quan kid'n true dd thi tren dja ban thdnh phd'Hd Chi Minh da dff thao lan bd tidu chi gtfi cac sd, ban, nganh, qudn - huyen gdp y, de'n bd tidu chi vdn chffa dtfdc ban hanh), dieu khid'n cho cdng tac phdn loai, xe'p hang biet thff bj dam chan tai chd, cdng tdc cd'p phep xdy dffng dd'i vdi cdc cdng trinh khdng thude dien bao tdn khdng thffc hien dtfdc khie'n cho cdc cdng trinh xud'ng cap, gdy khd khdn cho cudc sd'ng cua ngffdi dan, vi the'cdng tac chinh trang dd thj cung khdng dat yeu clu
5 Giai phap hoan thidn chinh sach bao tdn nha biet thtf trdn dia ban pho' Ho Chi Minh Xet vl mat muc lidu ciia "Chinh sach bdo ton nha biet thff tren dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh", ddy la mdt nhffng chinh sdch quan tiong, cd'p bach ddi vdi cdng tdc quy hoach dd thj nham bao tin cac cdng trinh kid'n true cd gia tri to Idn trdn nhieu phffdng dien Tren cd sd danh gia nhffng ke't qua dat dffde vd cdc tdn tai han chd', nghidn cffu de xud't mdt sd' kie'n nghi gdp phan hoan thien va ddm bao khd thi hdn cho chinh sdch
Thd nhd't, UBND Thanh phd can a'n dinh Id trinh cu thi, giao cho cdc cd quan chuydn mdn nhanh chdng hoan chinh quy chd' hffdng dan quan ly, bao tdn; ban hanh "Bd tidu chi ddnh gia va phan loai biet thtf cu trdn dja ban Thanh phd'" va "Quy dinh quan \yi cdng trinh xdy dtfng tren cdc khu dd't biet thtf cu khdng thude nhdm bao tdn", de Id trinh, thdi han phdi hoan bd tieu chi, neu ro tidch nhiem giai trinh cua cdc bdn lidn quan khie'n cho Id trinh bj chdm tre, day se id cd sd giai quye't nhanh vide cap phep thdo dd, xdy dtfng cho ngtfdi ddn dd'i vdi nhtfng cdng trinh khong thude didn bao tdn, han chd' dffde stf btfc xuc, tang stf dong thudn cua ngffdi ddn ddi vdi cdng lac phdn Ioai, kiem dd'm biet thff Thd hai, UBND Thanh phd can ban hanh cd chd', trach nhiem quan ly chat che hdn, phdn cd'p quan ly cu the dd'i vdi chinh quyln dia phffdng cdng tdc quan ly cdc cdng trinh bidt thff cu thupc didn bao tdn, nham han che trffdng hdp cdc chu sd hffu/chu dau tff tff y thdo dd, chia cat biet thtf trai phap ludt Thdba, Thanh can stf dung cdc phffdng phdp mang tinh dot pha gdp phan gidi quye't nhanh cac ndi dung lien quan nhff phan cap/uy quyln di kem vdi van bdn hffdng dSn vd bd tieu chi de cdc dia
phffdng chu ddng ddnh gia, lffa chpn, giam sffc i va trdeh nhiem tap the cdng tac quan ly kid'n tnic thi
Thd tu UBND Thdnh phd can cd chinh sdch hd trd kinh Id, khuydn khich, dpng vidn ngffdi ddn nham nang cao y thtfc vide tu, bao tdn cac cdng trinh biet thff cd Cd the dinh hffdng cdc md hinh cho chii sd hffu sff dung cdc cdng trinh bidt thff bao tdn ket hdp vdi cac muc dich kinh id' (kd't hdp cdng tdc bao tdn vdi viec xay dffng md hinh Sai Gdn xffa cd sff kd't hdp phdt tnen cdc ngdnh du lich thffdng mai ), tff dd gdp phan bao tdn sd'ng ddng hdn cong trinh md vdn dam bao cdc gid tri cua cdng trinh mang lai va xda bd tdm ly "sd danh di san" cua cdc chu sd hifu Thanh lap cdc quy bao tdn bidt thff tff vide dl xua't mdt phan ttf ngan sach phd' va huy ddng ddng gdp Iff cdc td chffc thu Idi nhudn nganh djch vu du lich (cac cdng ty/to chtfc cd xu hffdng td' chffc cac doan tham quan, du lich cho hanh khach);
Thd ndm, qud trinh ban hdnh va thffc thi chinh sach cdn tiid'n khai rdng rai de'n cdc bdn lidn quan, dac biet la chu sd hifu di chinh sach dam bao tinh kha thi, rd rang qud tnnh thffc thi chinh sdch; lap cdc doan nghien ctfu, hpc tap kinh nghidm v l bao tdn canh quan kid'n tnic & cac nffde chdu Au, ttf van dung linh hoat, phu hdp vdo dilu kidn tai phoHd Chi Minh
6 Kd't luan
(7)TAP CHi CONG THIJfliNG
chinh quyen phai tie'n hdnh hffdng ddn thtfc hien chinh sach, ndi dung da dffde trien khai ve cac qudn huyen va cdc ban nganh lidn quan, ddng thdi cdng bdo de ngffdi dan ndm dffde chu trffdng chung ctfa chinh quyen Tuy nhidn, dffde hoi ve cac ndi dung nay, khdng it chu sd hffu khdng nam cac quy dinh vl viec bao tdn vd phdn loai biet thff, ban thdn cdc chu sd hifu khdng nam dffde tdi san cua minh dffde phan loai d nhdm bao tdn nao, dieu gay khdng it khd khan cho qua trinh thffc thi chinh sach nhff thdi dp khdng hdp tac cua chu sd hifu cdng tdc bao tdn, hoat ddng Iff y thdo dd, cai tao sai phep, khdng ddm bdo giff nguydn hien trang ban dau cua cdng tiinh de phuc vu cdc muc dich kinh td'; sd' lidu thd'ng kd cho tha'y, phan Idn bidt thff nam d khu trung ldm phd hoac cac khu thffdng mai djch vu Qudn 1, - ndi cd sffc ep Idn vl da't dai vd kinh te', do bidt thtf flitfdng cd xu htfdng bj pha bo, thay thd' bdng cdc cdng trinh cao tang, dieu anh htfdng xd'u dd'n didn mao kid'n tnic Thanh phd ndi chung va gia tri Ijch stf cua cdc cdng trinh ndi rieng Sau hdn 20 nam trien khai, "Chinh sdch bao tdn nhd bidt thff trdn dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh" dtfdc UBND Thdnh phd' nhin nhdn la chinh sdch dai ban, ca'p thie't va btfdc diu dd gdp phln gin giff dtfdc net kid'n tnic dac tnliig trtfdc nam 1975 vdi khoang 1.300 cdn bidt thff Net kid'n trtfc dac sac Id mdt nhtfng yd'u id' kich thich sff phat trien cua nganh kinh te' du Ijch vdi net ddc trffng "it cd phd ndo trdn thi" gidi cd mdt khu phd Phdp thu vj nhff Viet Nam" (TS Nguydn Quang - Giam dd'c chtfdng trinh Djnh cff ngffdi Lidn hdp qud'c); Ddng thdi, cdc cdng trinh kid'n true se la nhffng thdng didp lich stf sd'ng ddng mang gia tn van hda, hch stf vd kinh td' to Idn cho sff phdt tiiln cua Thanh phd Tuy nhidn, diem han che' Idn nhd't cua chinh sdch Id chffa ban hanh dffde Bd lidu chi ddnh gia va phan loai bidt thff - day la nut that Idn khie'n cho cdng tdc kiem de'm, phdn loai bidt thff gap nhieu khd khan; cdng tdc triing lu cdi tao, thao dd, xin phep xdy dffng cua ngffdi dan chffa dffde gidi quye't kip thdi cung Id mdt nhffng yeu td tao ndn btfc xuc ddn cff Td't ca nhffng ndi dung tren da dffde chinh quyen ddnh gid vd ghi nhan Trdn cd sd dd cin cd nhffng dieu chinh cho phu hpp vdi tinh hinh hidn tai va nhanh chdng giai quye't cac ydu clu cua ngffdi dan hen quan tdi hoat ddng cd'p phep stfa chtfa, xay dffng va quyen sd hifu tai sdn Iff nhdn
Cd thi tha'y, bao ton di san phdi phu hdp vdi sff
van ddng va phdt trien cua cdng trinh dat b^i canh phat triln chung cua Thanh phd, gdp phan giiip cho cdng tiinh gin giff dffde nhtfng net kid'n tnic dac trffng va cdc dac tinh cua mdt di san "sd'ng" c6 cdng nang sd'ng ddng Bidt thif cd la hinh anh van hda die'm nhd'n dac tiffng d Sai Gon, nhien quan niem th^m my mdi thdi diem khdng gid'ng nhau, chinh vi vay, "Chinh sdch bdo tdn nha bidt thff trdn dia ban phd'Hd Chi Minh" ddi da dap tfng nhu clu cap thid't cdng tdc bdo tdn, vide ddnh gid va phdn loai biet thff cua chinh quyen trd ndn can thie't nham nhanh chdng giai quye't thuan Idi cho ngffdi dan tiong cdng tdc ca'p phep xdy dffng do'i vdi nhffng cdng trinh khdng thude dien bao tdn Tuy nhidn, cac gidi phap ma UBND Thanh phd dffa ddi chffa phdt huy dffde vai trd cua cac ch^ sd hifu cdng tdc bao tdn - nhtfng nhdn to tdc dong trffc tie'p dd'n vide bao tdn, triing tu gia trj cdng tdnh; vi vay, can nhin nhdn vai tro cua cdc chu sd htfu IS rd't quan trpng cdng tdc bao ton, song song vdi viec a'n djnh cdc the chd', chinh quyen cin tang cffdng van ddng, thuye't phuc vd cd chinh sach hS tid hdp ly de cdc chu sd hffu thffc hidn cdng tdc bdo tdn va cai tao nguyen tiang di tich
4 Nhifng t6n t^i cua chinh sach bao t6n nha biet thtf trdn dia ban tbanb H Chi Minh
Tong hdp cac npi dung phan tich ndu tren, cd the thd'y "Chinh sdch bdo tdn nha biet thff ti^n dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh " tinh dd'n thdi diem hidn tai chffa phai la mdt chinh sdch cdng Dilu dffde minh chtfng thdng qua thffc trang cac bidt tbi bi ma't dan (danh sdch cac cdng trinh biet thff ctn bao ton ngdy cang it) hode xud'ng cd'p tram tipng, vide chia cat bidt thff, chuyen doi cdng nang cua cac cdng trinh keo theo chuyen ddi hien tiang kie'n tnic cdng tnnh dien nam ngoai sff kilm soat cua cd quan qudn ly (tff nhd biet thtf vdn phdng, thffdng mai, djch vu, v.v.), tinh trang ttf y thdo dd, cai tao khdng giff nguyen hidn tiang khie'n cho cdc bidt thff cii bi bie'n dang hoac "bie'n md't" tid nen kha phd' bid'n; Ddi quy che' bao tdn cdn m§u thudn vdi cac quy djnh ve cdi tao thi, vi du nhif chu trffdng quy hoach md rpng Id gidi giao Uidng tren cac tuye'n dffdng trung tdm Quan 1, de giai quye't cac vd'n den ijn tac giao didng se ldm thu hep mot phan didn tich khudn vidn cua nhtfng bidt thif taikhu vtfc nay; Stf ddi Idp ve quy djnh bao tdn bi|t thff va quyln sd hffu tai sdn tff nhan cua chu sd hifu cung la mdt van de bffe bdi, dieu gay cac bflc
(8)QUAN TRj • QUAN IV
Xiic cho ngtfdi dan quyen sd hffu tdi san tff nhan; Tid'n trinh thffc hidn/ban hanh bd lieu chi qua chdm chap (nam 2013, Ban chi dao xdy dffng kd' hoach, chffdng trinh hanh ddng cdng tac bao tdn canh quan kid'n true thi trdn dia ban phd' Ho Chi Minh da dff thdo lan bp tieu chi gtfi cac sd, ban, ngdnh, qudn - huydn gdp y, dd'n bd tieu chi van chtfa dtfdc ban hanh), dieu khid'n cho cdng tac phan loai, xd'p hang bidt thtf bj dam chan tai chd, cdng lac ca'p phep xay dtfng dd'i vdi cac cdng trinh khdng thupc didn bdo tdn khdng thffc hidn dffde khien cho cdc cdng trinh xud'ng cd'p, gdy khd khan cho cudc sd'ng cua ngffdi dan, vi the cdng tdc chinh ffang dd thi cung khdng dat ydu clu
5 Giai phap hoan thien chinh sach bao tdn nha bidt thtf trdn dia ban phd' Ho Chi Minh Xet ve mat muc tieu cua "Chinh sach bao tdn nha biet thff tidn dia ban phd Ho Chi Minh", day la mdt nhtfng chinh sdch quan trpng, ca'p bach dd'i vdi cdng tdc quy hoach dd thi nhdm bdo tdn cic cdng trinh kid'n true cd gid tri to Idn trdn nhieu phffdng didn Trdn cd sd ddnh gid nhtfng kd't qua dat dffde vd cdc tdn tai han che', nghien cffu de xuat mdt so kie'n nghi gdp phln hoan thidn vd ddm bao khd thi hdn cho chinh sach
Thdnhdt UBND Thdnh phd'can an dinh Id trinh cu Ihl, giao cho cdc ca quan chuyen mdn nhanh chdng hoan chinh quy chd' hffdng dan quan ly, bao tdn; ban hdnh "Bd tidu chi danh gid vd phdn loai biet thff cu tidn dia ban Thanh phd'" va "Quy djnh quan ly cdng trinh xdy dffng trdn cdc khu dd't bidt thff cu khdng thupc nhdm bao ton", dl Id trinh, thdi han phai hoan bd tidu chi, neu ro trdeh nhidm gidi trinh cua cdc bdn lien quan khid'n cho Id trinh bi chdm trd, ddy se la cd sd gidi quye't nhanh vide cd'p phep thdo dd, xdy dffng cho ngtfdi ddn dd'i vdi nhffng cdng trinh khdng thupc didn bao ton, han che dtfdc sff bffe xiic, tang sff dong thuan cua ngffdi dan ddi vdi cdng tdc phan loai, kiem dd'm bidt thtf
Thd hai, UBND Thdnh phd can ban hanh cd chd', trach nhiem qudn ly chat che hdn, phan cap quan ly cu the dd'i vdi chinh quyen dja phtfdng tiong cdng tdc quan \f cac cdng trinh bidt thtf cii thupc dien bdo tdn, nham ban chd' trffdng hdp cdc chu sd hifu/chu diu tff nf y thdo dd, chia cat bidt thff trdi phap luat Thd ba Thdnh phd' cin stf dung cdc phffdng phdp mang tinh ddt phd gdp phln gidi quyet nhanh cdc ndi dung lidn quan nhff phdn ca'p/uy quyln di kem vdi van ban hffdng dan va bd tidu cbi de cdc dja
phffdng chu ddng ddnh gid, lffa chpn, giam stfc i vd trach nhiem tap the cdng tac qudn ly kid'n tnic dd thj
Thd tu UBND Thanh phd can cd chinh sdch hd trd kinh te', khuye'n khich, dpng vidn ngffdi dan nham ndng cao y thtfc vide tu, bao tdn cac cdng trinh bidt thff cd Cd the dinh hffdng cdc md hinh cho chu sd htfu stf dung cac cdng trinh bidt thff bdo ton kd't hdp vdi cdc muc dich kinh te (kd't hdp cdng tac bao tdn vdi viec xdy dtfng md hinh Sdi Gdn xffa cd stf ke't hdp phat trien cac nganh du lich thtfdng mai ), tff gdp phan bao ton sd'ng ddng hdn cdng trinh ma van ddm bao cac gid tri cua cdng trinh dd mang lai va xda bd tam ly "sd danh di san" ciia cdc chu sd htfu Thanh lap cdc quy bao tdn biet thff tff viec de xua't mdt phan ttf ngan sdch phd va huy ddng ddng gdp tff cdc td chffc thu Idi nhuan nganh dich vu du lich (cac cdng ty/tl chffc cd xu hffdng td chffc cac doan tham quan, du Ijch cho hanh khdch);
Thd ndm, qua trinh ban hanh va thffc thi chinh sach cin triln khai rdng rai dd'n cac ben Hen quan, dac biet la chu sd htfu de chinh sdch ddm bao tinh kha thi, rd rang qua tiinh thffc thi chinh sdch; lap cdc dodn nghidn cffu, hpc tap kinh nghiem vl bao tdn canh quan kid'n triic d cdc nffde chau Au, ttf dd van dung hnh boat, phit hdp vao dilu kidn tai phd' Ho Chi Minh
6 Ke't luan
(9)TAP CHi CtNG THUdNIi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 Thong tu so 3&2009/TT-BXD ngdy 0S/12/200S cua Bd Xdy dung -Hudng ddn vifc quan ly si dung nhd bllt thu tai khu vtfc bdo ton"
2 Nghi dinh so 99/2015/NB-CP 20/10/2015 cua Chinh phil"
3 Thong bdo so 46/TB-UB-QLBT ngdy 17/5/1996 "Vi bdo ton cdnh quan kiin triic thdnh Ho Chi Minh" 4 Phdn loai biet thu co theo neu chi ndo? Bdo Tuoi tre ngdy 26/7/2016
5 Bai viit Biet thu co tai thdnh Ho Chi Minh - Sa danh di sdn - TS KTS Ngd Mmh Hdng cong tdc tqi Dai hoc Bach khoa thdnh Ho Chi Minh
(") So lieu thong ke tit nhieu nguon khac • Sd Xiij dung thdnh phd Hi Chi Minh Trung tdm Nghien cUu Klin triic SdQuy hoach Kien tnic thdnh Ho CM Mmh: Quan - HuySn sd liiu ndy cd su chinh Uch tiing thdi diim qud trinh sH dung, thdo dd chuyen ddi cong ndng biet IhU
Ngay n M n bai: 8/8/2018
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va suTa chiJa: 18/8/2018 Ngay chSfp nhan dang bai: 28/8/2018 Thong tin tdc gid:
1 LE THI HlfdNG
Chuydn vidn Sd Quy ho^ch Iiien triic ph^ H Clii Minh TS MAI NGOC KHCCfNG
TrirSng Dji hoc Qu6c tS' - Dai hpc Qud'c gia Thanh pho' H Ch( Minh
ANALYZING VILLA CONSERVATION POLICY
OF HO c m MINH CITY
• LE THI HUONG
Specialist, Department of Planning a n d Architechture - Ho Chi Minh City • PhD MAI NGOC KHUONG
Internationai School, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City ABSTRACT:
Villa conservation in Ho Chi Minh City is one of the important urban architecture policies, contributing to "identiiying the architectural marks of the historic city" The architectinal feamres of each period present the historical stages that the city has gone through These architectural features have not only great value in the field of architecture but also historical, cultural, art, economic and tourism values This study is to evaluate the villa conservation activities in Ho Chi Minh City by assessing current stams and factors that affect the quality of villa conservation policy The study also proposes some solutions to enhance the villa conservation poUcy of Ho Chi Minh City in the coming years