THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY TRAN THI MO RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF FLAT PLATE PHOTOBIOREACTOR MODEL USING MICROALGAE FOR SHRIMP CULTURE IN NINH THUAN PROVINCE COMBINED WITH BIOMASS RECOVERY Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, YEAR 2018 The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City Supervisor’s name: (Write full name and signature) The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date month year Committee members (name): - Committee Chair - Commissioner - Secretary (Write full name and signature) COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENT A completed study would not be done without any assistance In addition, the efforts of myselves, there is the enthusiasm of teachers, as well as the support of family and friends during the research master thesis First of all, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to Prof Le Hung Anh, Director of the Institute of Insititute For Environment Science, Engineering and Management His kindly support and continuous advices went through the process of completion of my thesis His encouragement and comments had significantly enriched and improved my work Without his motivation and instructions, the thesis would have been impossible to be done effectively Thanks to Prof Jean-Luc Vasel, the consultant, was always ready to provide technical support to me during the course of the thesis I would like to state my thanks to Renewable project where supporting and creating conditions for me to research easily and conveniently, laboratory equipment and a part of the research cost of the thesis Therefore, I gratefully gives acknowledgement to their support and motivation during the time of doing this research ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to evaluate the ability of shrimp culture treatment of microalgae on flat plate photobioreactor models, from which large scale application in Ninh Thuan The research has designed and built the Flat Plate Photobioreactor model with four different types of fluxes and artificial lighting systems The experiments have compared the efficiency of culturing these algae with the Flat Plate Photobioreactor model in the same laboratory conditions and made the following conclusions: The study examined a number of different lighting cycles The lighting period of 16 hourd and hours produces better and better results in terms of culture and harvesting of algae, but in reality the outdoor lighting only reaches hours the study was conducted on different types of aeration tanks, with data suggesting that the Flat Plate Photobioreactor is the most efficient way of cultivating algae The removal efficiency of pollutants is as follows: Total phosphorus is about 80-85% and total nitrogen is about 65-70% Research results show that Chlorella sp is capable of treating shrimp waste water, opening up the direction of large-scale study of the topic CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of shrimp culture 1.1.1 Situation of shrimp farming in the world 1.1.2 Situation of shrimp farming in Vietnam 1.1.3 Situation of shrimp farming in Ninh Thuan province 1.2 Origin, composition and characteristics of shrimp pond effluent 11 1.2.1 Origins arise 11 1.2.2 Composition and characteristics of wastewater 12 1.3 Biological methods to treat waste water 13 1.3.1 Use microorganisms 13 1.3.2 Use of animals and plants 14 1.4 Overview of Chlorella sp 15 1.4.1 Introduce 15 1.4.2 Some forms of farming Chlorella sp 17 1.4.3 Factors affecting the growth and development of microalgae 18 1.4.4 Application of microalgae 22 1.5 Overview of microalgae application 25 1.6 Overview of research on Flat Plate Photobioreactor model 29 CHAPTER MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 33 2.1 Time and place 33 2.2 Study materials 33 2.2.1 Shrimp waste water 33 2.2.2 Chlorella sp 33 2.2.3 Experimental materials 33 2.2.4 Chemicals 34 2.3 Research Methods 34 2.3.1 Specific research methods 34 2.3.2 Method of data collection 36 2.3.3 Data processing methods 36 2.3.4 Comparison method, data evaluation 36 2.3.5 Method of determining microbial density 37 2.4 Experimental design 38 2.4.1 Experiment 1: Construction of OD growth curve and linear correlation of microalgae 38 2.4.2 Experiment 2: Investigate the effect of the lighting cycle 38 2.4.3 Experiment 3: Survey of wastewater treatment capacity 39 2.4.4 Experiment 4: Study on microalgae biomass harvesting by centrifugation 39 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41 3.1 Experiment to build growth curve and linear correlation 41 3.1.1 Build growth curve 41 3.1.2 Linear correlation 43 3.2 Change lighting time cycle 44 3.2.1 Chlorella1 sp 44 3.2.2 Chlorella2 sp 47 3.3 Survey of wastewater treatment capacity 50 3.3.1 Chlorella1 sp 50 3.3.2 Chlorella2 sp 52 3.4 Biomass recovery experiment 53 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55 A CONCLUSIONS 55 B RECOMMENDATIONS 56 REFERENCES 58 APPENDIX 61 A Some images in the experiment 61 B Appendix table of results 63 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Number ABBREVIATIONS CONTENTS Chlorella sp in fresh water Chlorella1 sp Chlorella sp in salt water Chlorella2 sp Flat Panel Photobioreactor Tank Air-Lift Photobioreactors Tank Flat Panel Airlift Photobioreactors Tank Frame And Plastic Bag Tank COD Chemical Oxygen Demand BOD Biochemical oxygen Demand CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of shrimp culture 1.1.1 Situation of shrimp farming in the world Total annual harvests in the world today, including fishing and aquaculture, increase over the years Shrimp output grew steadily in East Asia in 2011, an average annual growth of 6% from 2008 to 2011 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated total production - including both natural and farmed fisheries - by 2015 would be around 7.1 million tons, up from 6.9 million tons in 2014 Whereas shrimp stocks from the sea are near saturation, shrimp farming is playing an increasingly important role in providing this kind of seafood Shrimp farming grows mainly in tropical countries, where favorable climatic conditions, especially high temperatures throughout the year About 50 countries around the world are less likely to breed shrimp However, large countries are concentrated in two regions: Eastern Europe, including: China, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and the western hemisphere, including Colombia, Mexico, Peru , Bazil In recent years, shrimp farming in the world has made great achievements, contributing significantly to boosting the economic development of developed countries, but accompanied with great problems are posed as The epidemic, especially early mortality syndrome (EMS), is explosive in large areas, causing massive losses, the destruction of mangrove forests, the pollution of water and agricultural land, and the environment degradation According to GOAL production fell from 3.45 million tons to 3.25 million tons in 2012 (down 5.8%) and 3.21 million tons in 2013 (down 1.1%) due to the impact of EMS in Central China, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia Production rose significantly in 2014 to -3.49 million tons (up 8.5 percent) mainly due to larger harvests than reported in China, Vietnam and India Even so, output will fall again in 2015 due to low harvests in China, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia [2] 1.1.2 Situation of shrimp farming in Vietnam Large sea areas have created favorable conditions for the exploitation and development of aquatic products in Vietnam Shrimp are suitable habitats in brackish water areas near the sea With this feature, the Central, South Central (Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan, Ba Ria - Vung Tau ), the Mekong Delta (Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien Giang) is the most concentrated shrimp production in the country The rate of surface water surface for aquaculture has increased sharply since the 2000s with the total area of water surface for aquaculture is nearly 650 thousand hectares to 1054 thousand hectares by 2014 According to the report, in 2016, the total output of aquaculture in the country is estimated at over 6.7 million tons, up 2.5% over the same period in 2015 Of which, the output of mining is nearly 3.1 million tons (up 1.7% over the same period in 2015), aquaculture output is over 3.6 million tons (up 3.3% over the same period in 2015) Seafood export turnover is estimated at $ billion, up 6.5% over the same period last year Although in the early months of 2016, the fisheries sector has been affected by droughts and salt water intrusion in the Mekong Delta, which has affected the planned release of brackish water shrimp as well as the damage to farmers However, the area of brackish water shrimp farming in the country is estimated at 700,000 increased 0.72% of the plan The production of brackish water shrimp is estimated at 650,000 tons C 13 h 15 h 17 h 19 h 21 23 h Tank 1h 3h pH 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.8 7.3 t0 C 26 27 26 27.5 26 26.7 27 27 26.5 30.5 31 pH 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26.5 26 26 27 26 26.5 27 27 26.5 30.5 31 pH 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.4 t0 C 26 26.5 26 27 26 26 27 27 27 31 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.6 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 29.5 30 pH 7.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.6 7.4 t0 C 27 26 27 27 26 26 26 27 27 29 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.3 t0 C 26.5 25.5 26.5 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 26 28.5 29 pH 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.9 t0 C 27 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 26.5 28.5 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.9 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 29 92 5h 7h pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 2.7 t0 C 27 26.5 26 26 25.5 25 26 25.5 26 29 pH 7.7 6.96 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 26 25 25.5 25 26 27.5 26.5 28.5 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 7.2 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26 26 26.5 25.5 27 26.5 29 6.6 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.8 7.2 26.5 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 29 30 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 26.5 27.5 26.5 26 27 27 26.5 30.5 31 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 t0 C 26.5 27 26 27 26.5 26.5 27 27 27 31.5 31.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.2 t0 C 26 26 25.5 27.5 25.5 26 27 27 27.5 31 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.1 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 27 26.5 30 30.5 pH 7.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.2 pH 9h t0 C pH 11 h 13 h 15 h 17 h 19 h 21 t0 C 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 93 23 h 1h 3h Tank 5h 7h 9h 11 h 13 h t0 C 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.2 t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 26 26 28.5 29 pH 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.9 t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 25.5 24.5 26 26 29 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 t0 C 27 26 26 25 26 25 25.5 25.5 25.5 29 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.8 t0 C 26 26.5 26 26 26 25 25.5 26 26 29 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27.5 26.5 285 6.4 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 7.2 t0 C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 29 pH 6.6 7 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.6 7.2 26.5 26.5 26 26 26.5 26 26 26 25.5 28.5 30.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.6 t0 26 26.5 26.5 27.5 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 30.5 30.5 t0 C 94 6.8 6.9 7.3 C 15 h 17 h 19 h 21 23 h Tank 1h 3h 5h pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.7 7.2 t0 C 26.5 27 26 27 26 26.5 27 26.5 26 31.5 31 pH 6.7 7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.4 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26.5 27 27 31 31 pH 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.3 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26 25.5 26 26 26.5 26.5 30 30 pH 7.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.4 t0 C 26 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.4 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 29 29.5 pH 7.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 t0 C 26.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 28.2 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 7.1 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25 25.5 26 26 29 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.9 t0 C 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 25.5 26 28 t0 C 95 7h 9h 11 h 13 h 15 h 17 h 19 h 21 23 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.85 6.9 6.7 6.9 7.1 t0 C 25.5 26 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27 26.5 28.5 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.9 t0 C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26.5 25 26 26.5 28.5 pH 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.6 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26 26.5 25 25.5 28.5 30 pH 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.7 7.4 t0 C 26 26.5 26 27.5 25.5 26 26 26.5 26 30 30.5 pH 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.1 7.3 26.5 26.5 26 27 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26 31 31.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.4 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26 26.5 27 31 31 pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 7.3 t0 C 26 26 26.5 26 25 26 26 26.5 26.5 29.5 30 pH 7.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 7.4 t0 C 26 26 26 26 25 26 26 27 26 30 30 pH 7.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 7.4 t0 C t0 C 96 7.2 7.2 h t0 C 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 30 29.5 Table B5.7 Temperature, pH measurement of Chlorella2sp in L16 1st 10 pH 7.9 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 t0 C 27 26 26 26.7 26 25.5 25 25.5 26.5 pH 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.5 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 25.5 26 25.5 pH 7.6 7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.6 t0 C 26 26.5 26 26.5 26 25 26 25 26 pH 7.9 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.7 t0 C 25.6 26.5 26 25.5 25.5 24.5 26 27 26.5 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.5 5.8 6.5 t0C 26.5 27 26 26.5 26 26 26.5 25.5 27 26.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 26.5 26 26 27 26 26 29 pH 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.8 t0 C 26 27 26 27.5 26 26.7 27 27 26.5 30.5 pH 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.3 t0C 26.5 26 26 27 26 26.5 27 27 26.5 30.5 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.8 Day 1h 3h Tank 5h 7h pH 9h pH 11h 13h 15h 17h pH 97 6.8 6.9 19h 21 23h 26 26.5 26 27 26 26 27 27 27 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.6 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 29.5 pH 7.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.6 t0 C 27 26 27 27 26 26 26 27 27 29 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 t0C 26.5 25.5 26.5 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 26 28.5 6.6 pH 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 t0 C 27 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 26.5 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 2.7 t0 C 27 26.5 26 26 25.5 25 26 25.5 26 pH 7.7 6.96 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26.5 26 25 25.5 25 26 27.5 26.5 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26 26 26.5 25.5 27 26.5 6.6 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.8 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 29 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 26.5 27.5 26.5 26 27 27 26.5 30.5 15h pH 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 1h 3h 5h Tank t0 C 7h pH 9h pH 11h 13h 6.8 6.9 7.1 98 6.8 6.6 17h 19h 21 23h 1h 3h Tank 5h 7h t0C 26.5 27 26 27 26.5 26.5 27 27 27 31.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 26 25.5 27.5 25.5 26 27 27 27.5 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 27 26.5 30 pH 7.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 26 26 28.5 pH 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.6 t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 25.5 24.5 26 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 t0 C 27 26 26 25 26 25 25.5 25.5 25.5 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 t0 C 26 26.5 26 26 26 25 25.5 26 26 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27.5 26.5 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 t0C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 6.6 7 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.6 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 26 26.5 26 26 26 25.5 28.5 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.6 pH 9h pH 11h 6.8 13h pH 6.9 99 6.7 6.8 6.9 15h 17h 19h 21 23h 1h Tank 3h 5h 7h t0 C 26 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.7 t0C 26.5 27 26 27 26 26.5 27 26.5 26 31.5 pH 6.7 7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26.5 27 27 31 pH 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26 25.5 26 26 26.5 26.5 30 pH 7.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.9 t0 C 26 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 29 pH 7.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25 25.5 26 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.9 t0 C 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 25.5 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.85 6.9 6.7 6.9 t0 C 25.5 26 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27 26.5 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.9 t0C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26.5 25 26 26.5 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.6 pH 9h 11h pH 26.5 26.5 27.5 100 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 30.5 t0C 26.5 26.5 25.5 13h 15h 17h 19h 21 23h 26 26.5 26 26.5 25 25.5 28.5 pH 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.7 t0 C 26 26.5 26 27.5 25.5 26 26 26.5 26 30 pH 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.1 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 27 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26 31 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26 26.5 27 31 pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26 26.5 26 25 26 26 26.5 26.5 29.5 pH 7.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 t0 C 26 26 26 26 25 26 26 27 26 30 pH 7.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 30 Table B5.8 Temperature, pH measurement of Chlorella1sp in L16 2st 10 pH 7.9 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 t0 C 27 26 26 26.7 26 25.5 25 25.5 26.5 pH 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.5 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 25.5 26 25.5 pH 7.6 7 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.6 Tank Day 1h 3h 5h 101 6.8 7h t0 C 26 26.5 26 26.5 26 25 26 25 26 pH 7.9 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.7 t0 C 25.6 26.5 26 25.5 25.5 24.5 26 27 26.5 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.5 5.8 6.5 t0C 26.5 27 26 26.5 26 26 26.5 25.5 27 26.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 26.5 26 26 27 26 26 29 pH 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.8 t0 C 26 27 26 27.5 26 26.7 27 27 26.5 30.5 pH 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.3 t0C 26.5 26 26 27 26 26.5 27 27 26.5 30.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 26 27 26 26 27 27 27 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.6 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 29.5 pH 7.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.6 t0 C 27 26 27 27 26 26 26 27 27 29 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 t0C 26.5 25.5 26.5 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 26 28.5 6.6 pH 9h pH 11h 13h 15h 17h 19h 21 Tank 23h 1h 3h 6.8 pH 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 t0 C 27 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 26.5 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 102 6.6 5h 7h t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 2.7 t0 C 27 26.5 26 26 25.5 25 26 25.5 26 pH 7.7 6.96 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26.5 26 25 25.5 25 26 27.5 26.5 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26 26 26.5 25.5 27 26.5 6.6 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.8 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 27 26.5 26 29 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 26.5 27.5 26.5 26 27 27 26.5 30.5 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 t0C 26.5 27 26 27 26.5 26.5 27 27 27 31.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 26 25.5 27.5 25.5 26 27 27 27.5 31 pH 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 27 26.5 30 pH 7.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 26 26 28.5 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.6 pH 9h pH 11h 13h 15h 17h 19h 21 Tan k3 23h 1h pH 6.8 6.8 103 6.9 3h 5h 7h t0 C 27 25.5 26 26 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 t0 C 27 26 26 25 26 25 25.5 25.5 25.5 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 t0 C 26 26.5 26 26 26 25 25.5 26 26 pH 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27.5 26.5 6.4 25.5 24.5 26 26 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 t0C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26 25.5 26.5 26.5 6.6 7 6.8 6.4 6.8 6.3 6.7 6.6 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 26 26.5 26 26 26 25.5 28.5 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.6 t0 C 26 26.5 26.5 27.5 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 30.5 pH 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.7 t0C 26.5 27 26 27 26 26.5 27 26.5 26 31.5 pH 6.7 7 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.9 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26.5 27 27 31 pH 6.9 6.5 -6.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 t0 C 26 25.5 26.5 26 25.5 26 26 26.5 26.5 30 pH 7.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.9 t0 C 26 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 26 30 23h pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 pH 9h pH 11h 13h 15h 17h 19h 21 104 6.7 6.8 6.9 1h 3h 5h 7h t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 26 25.5 29 pH 7.9 6.7 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 pH 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 t0 C 27 26 26 25.5 26 25 25.5 26 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 7.1 6.8 6.7 6.9 t0 C 26 26 26 26 25.5 25 25.5 25.5 26 pH 7.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.85 6.9 6.7 6.9 t0 C 25.5 26 25.5 25 25.5 25 25 27 26.5 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.9 t0C 26.5 26 26 26 26 26 26.5 25 26 26.5 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.6 t0C 26.5 26.5 25.5 26 26.5 26 26.5 25 25.5 28.5 pH Tank 9h pH 11h 13h 15h 17h 19h 21 pH 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.7 t0 C 26 26.5 26 27.5 25.5 26 26 26.5 26 30 pH 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.1 t0C 26.5 26.5 26 27 26 26.5 26.5 26.5 26 31 pH 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.1 t0 C 26 26.5 25.5 26.5 25 26 26 26.5 27 31 pH 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 t0 C 26 26 26.5 26 25 26 26 26.5 26.5 29.5 pH 7.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 105 6.7 23h t0 C 26 26 26 26 25 26 26 27 26 30 pH 7.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 t0C 26.5 25.5 26 26 26 26 25.5 25.5 25.5 30 106 ... Anh, Director of the Institute of Insititute For Environment Science, Engineering and Management His kindly support and continuous advices went through the process of completion of my thesis His... efficiency of culturing these algae with the Flat Plate Photobioreactor model in the same laboratory conditions and made the following conclusions: The study examined a number of different lighting... bottom of shrimp ponds Consequently, the pathogen still exists in the shrimp pond when the infected ponds discharge into the environment, so the infection is very high 1.2.2 Composition and characteristics