Assessment of the impact of industrial activities from on surface water quality in bien hoa 1 industrial zone and proposed solutions masters thesis major sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY LE HA THANH ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES FROM ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN BIEN HOA INDUSTRIAL ZONE AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, YEAR 2018 The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City Supervisor’s name: Prof Dr Sci Lê Huy Bá (Write full name and signature) The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of HoChiMinh City date month year Committee members (name): - Committee Chair - Commissioner - Secretary (Write full name and signature) COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor and Doctor of Science Le Huy Ba, Faculty of Environmental - Industrial University of HCMC, has a dedicated guide and help me during the research protocol set hoc.toi please thanks to all Teacher, whose working at Institute of Science Technology and Environmental Management Industrial University of HCMC Throughout my studies and research at the school, my teachers have taught me well, imparting valuable technical knowledge to help me complete the training program and master thesis Sincerely thank the staff of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone for their support and assistance in surveying and collecting data I would like to express my gratitude to my mother encouraged me to complete the dissertation; Thank you, my classmates - IMES4 for helping me, to accompany me throughout the process of doing the thesis I hereby declare the results achieved in the thesis "Assessment of the impact of industrial activities from on surface water quality in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone and proposed solutions", the study and understanding of my own In the whole content of the thesis, what is presented is either personal or aggregated from multiple sources The data, documents annotated source citations clear, credible and results presented in the thesis is true Author Le Ha Thanh ABSTRACT Industrial wastes such as bunds, dusts, etc., make acid rain not only alter the quality of fresh water, but also adversely affect the soil and ecological environment Industrial wastewater discharged into rivers affects the quality of river water and river basins To assess water quality use WQI (water quanlity index) After calculating WQI, it is based on the classification of water quality, from which there is a suitable way of using water The process of calculating and using WQI in water quality assessment includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect and gather monitoring data from monitoring stations of continental surface water (processed data); Step 2: Calculate WQI values of parameters according to the formula; Step 3: Calculate WQI; Step 4: Compare WQI with the table of water quality assessment levels Based on the results of calculating the WQI the water is the more heavily contaminated and is in need of treatment Water at this location can only be used for navigation or irrigation Facing this situation, Dong Nai province has carried out the project of relocating Bien Hoa Industrial Zone and transforming industrial zone into residential area and nonagricultural land to prevent and overcoming the impact of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone on the Cai River basin environment and nearby residential areas TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGUES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION 10 Aims of the thesis 10 Objectives 11 Subjects and scope 11 3.1 Subjects 11 3.2 Scope 11 Scientific significance and practical significance 11 4.1 Scientific Significance 11 4.2 Practical significance 12 CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD OF THE STUDY 13 1.1 Some definitions of surface water 13 1.2 Impacts caused water quality deterioration 14 1.2.1 The rapid population growth is a major cause pressure on water resources 14 1.2.2 Impacts due to human activity 14 1.2.3 Impacts of agricultural development 15 1.2.4 Affected by the development of industry and services 16 1.2.5 Affected by some other causes 16 1.3 An economic study of the river system in Vietnam and outsourcing Vietnam 17 1.3.1 Overview of research literature in the world 17 1.3.2 Overview research materials in Vietnam 18 1.4 Overview of the geographical area 21 1.4.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province 21 1.4.2 Socio-economic pressure on the environment 26 1.4.3 Geographical features of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 30 CHAPTER THE THEORY OF THE STUDY 34 2.1 Research content 34 2.2 Research methods 34 2.2.1 Method of collecting information and data 34 2.2.2 Sample collection and analysis of wastewater 34 2.2.3 Sampling locations 36 2.2.4 Mapping and GIS 36 2.2.5 Water quality index calculation method (WQI) 37 2.2.6 Method of calculating maximum pollutant load of pollutant 41 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44 3.1 Results of environmental survey at bien hoa industrial zone 44 3.1.1 Survey on water environment in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 44 3.1.2 Results of surface water quality of Bien Hoa I industrial zone via targets 45 3.1.3 Results of surface water quality assessment of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone via WQI 55 3.2 Assessing factors affecting water environment in Bien Hoa Industrial zone 58 3.3 Proposed total solutions to high rise quality water surveillance in the river basin research area 62 3.3.1 General solution 62 3.3.2 Preferred solution 65 3.3.3 Solutions reviewed 68 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69 4.1 Conclude 69 4.2 Recommendations 70 REFERENCES 71 LIST OF FIGUES Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province 21 Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin 22 Figure 1.3 Status of agricultural land use as of 31/12/2015 23 Figure 1.4 Non-agricultural land percentage up to 2015 24 Figure 1.5 The chart shows average rainfall from 2011-2015 25 Figure 1.6 The chart shows the temperature over the years 2011-2015 25 Figure 1.7 Comparative chart Industrial production value (VND billion) 28 Figure 1.8 Distribution of industry groups in the industry structure 29 Figure 1.9 Map of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 31 Figure 2.1 Sampling location 36 Figure 3.1 BOD5 value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 46 Figure 3.2 COD value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 47 Figure 3.3 N-NH4 value of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 48 Figure 3.4 PO43- value of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 49 Figure 3.5 TSS value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 50 Figure 3.6 Coliform value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 51 Figure 3.7 DO value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 53 Figure 3.8 pH of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 54 Figure 3.9 WQI of surface water quality in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone - An Hao wharf 56 Figure 3.10 WQI of surface water quality in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone - Dong Nai bridge 57 Figure 3.11 Process of monitoring environmental protection in industrial zones 61 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 The value of industrial production in the period of 2011-2015 27 Table 2.1 Analysis method some contents of quality of water and air 35 Table 2.2 Specifies the values qi, Bpi 38 Table 2.3 Specify BPi and qi values for DO%saturated 39 Table 2.4 Specify the BPi and qi values for the pH parameter 39 Table 2.5 Determining the water quality level 41 Table 3.1 Types of wastewater discharge in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 45 Table 3.2 Parties involved in surface water quality of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 58 Content Relevant local environmental management agencies Collected objects - Provincial People's Committee - District People's Committee - Industrial and commercial facilities - Department of Agriculture and Rural Development The objects - Citizen affected * Objects that can cause pollution (factories, workshops, toilets, cantalas ) Due to the very special location of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone located on a branch of Cai River in Dong Nai River, the activities of direct discharge of water into the river without any treatment or treatment station exceed the standard will have a direct impact on the land quality of Dong Nai River Wastewater from discharged plants has a varying concentration of pollutants in a wide range of volumes and compositions over time Most of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone's factories discharge organic wastes from workers (domestic waste water) and production lines (Cogido paper, Dong Hiep paper, Bien Hoa sugar) The organic substances contained in the wastewater include biochemical organic compounds that are highly biocompatible by aerobic and oxidative microbial activity And because of the activity of aerobic microorganisms that consume oxygen to decompose organic matter, the oxygen concentration in water is reduced This is also reflected in the above analysis as the Coliform index is very high, most of them exceed the standard, the BOD and DO indicators are almost at the alarm level or exceed the standard Along with the concentration of pollutants, the effluent volume is so great that it is possible to pollute water sources, especially river water, with the ability to dissolve and 59 purify itself to a certain limit Some factories in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone have low pollution but due to high volume, they also emit a lot of pollution * Management Agency (Corporation Sonadezi, and companies, factories) Plants and factories in Bien Hoa Industrial zone of private owners are not subject to the management of ministries and provinces Provincial officials only perform the function of managing the state through the law, absolutely not interfering in production and business activities of economic units Sonadezi acts as the landlord of the Industrial Zone dealing with general issues of the industrial zone such as land, technical infrastructure, environmental protection and control In the organizational system, institutional and technical investment and technical design plays an important role in providing technical advice and advice to enterprises * Environmental management agencies Environmental management agencies in the province include Dong Nai Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Dong Nai Environment Protection Department, Environment Inspectorate, Fire Prevention and Fighting Bureau and environment, against environmental crimes in Dong Nai province These units are central and local standing units, with extensive management expertise and functions in environmental quality or management of a number of environmentally relevant areas * Inspection Supervisor The monitoring model for the currently applied industrial zone is shown in the following diagram: 60 Official supervision Monitoring at the provincial level and the specialized agencies in charge PREPARATION PHASE General surveys Supervision decision Monitoring plan Outline the requirements for the target audience Surveillance Director C49, provincial police director in charge of organizing specialized teams monitoring IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING General surveys Listen to the report object monitoring Gathering information and materials Check and identify information and documents Complete site monitoring PREPARATION PHASE General surveys Supervision decision Monitoring plan CONCLUSION OF MONITORING Development and reporting of monitoring results Evaluate the evidence Check the results of the report Conclusion of the preliminary report Issuance of monitoring conclusions IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPERVISORY CONCLUSIONS Issue practical conclusion if required Re-Supervision Plan Figure 3.11 Process of monitoring environmental protection in industrial zones [20] Every year, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment in Dong Nai are conducting tasks on bar and examine the environmental protection in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone in particular and Dong Nai Industrial Zones in the next year was higher than last year Most environmental inspections and inspections involve the Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, the Management Board of Industrial Zones, and recently the coordination of the Environmental Police * Observation, reporting information on environmental protection of industrial zones In the past time, investment has not been fully implemented For state management agencies, environmental monitoring in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone is limited in terms 61 of funding and implementation capacity (on uniform monitoring methods, monitoring personnel and monitoring equipment) For infrastructure development companies such as Sonadezi Corporation, the report on environmental monitoring of industrial zones has been improved step by step, but still many limitations compared with the environmental monitoring program, it must comply with the approved environmental impact assessment report, especially the practical requirements Through the work of environmental inspection and inspection, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment has urged, remedied and dealt with administrative violations of infrastructure development enterprises, businesses in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone of responsibility for the implementation of environmental protection according to regulations The issue of sharing information and environmental protection information in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone according to the Law on Environmental Protection has so far been limited At present, major environmental information is still in the form of original information (raw data), not yet processed to be available to the various stakeholders in the society; access to information is not facilitated through popular tools (such as the internet) 3.3 Proposed total solutions to high rise quality water surveillance in the river basin research area 3.3.1 General solution In order to protect the surface water from contamination by wastewater, the most commonly used standard is surface water hygiene standards – its mean the allowable concentration of the source material is normal and conservation of the entire population of water resources The most effective way to protect surface water is to minimize the amount of wastewater by applying measures to prevent industrial pollution (cleaner 62 production technologies), apply water treatment technologies discharges at the source, reuse wastewater after treatment, less wastewater technology and closed technology Theoretically, there are two most effective and effective ways to eliminate wastewater from Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1: - Option 1: Thoroughly treat all waste water from production establishments in this industrial zone To this end, all companies must have a QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT treatment system If the plants can not it, Bien Hoa Industrial Zone must have a concentrated waste water treatment station reaching QCVN This is not feasible because most establishments have backward technology, wastewater from industrial zones with high capacity and many components are difficult to handle and at present, there are no projects for this purpose, If there are projects, the investment rate for the project will be very large because the entire industrial zone does not have a network to collect all wastewater, only a part of this wastewater is collected in the concentrated wastewater treatment system in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone - Option 2: Relocation of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone This is a more radical plan and the area of several hundred hectares of industrial zones can be used to set up new commercial centers and modern urban centers The price of land transferred may be enough for relocation However, this option should be carefully considered to minimize the social and environmental impacts Surface water management plays an important role in protecting them from contamination by wastewater Specific work in this case includes: 63 – Implement, monitor and analyze the source water quality according to basic norms presided over by the Vietnam Environment Administration – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment with monitoring station stations On the basis of data analysis, evaluation of the source water quality, determine the cause and propose solutions These monitoring stations are linked to the monitoring center located at the Department of Natural Resources and Environment The monitoring stations transfer the water quality parameters to the center This helps the management agencies to monitor regularly, continuously and give warning and timely treatment of the source of waste is not standard – Through the media, training, continue to strengthen propaganda and education to raise awareness and responsibility to protect the water resources and the environment for all levels and in all sectors, the National Front, especially business owners and people – Strengthening the work of environmental pollution control, inspection and issuance of permits for exploitation and use of water resources and discharge of wastewater into water sources according to the provisions of Decree No.201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government and Circular No.27/2014/TT-BTNMT 05.30.2014 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Check and inspect the discharge of wastewater into surface water, compared with the standards for discharge permit on water type I, type II (according QCVN) and take measures for timely handling of the violating companies – Strengthening of human resources, professional training and fostering for water resource management staff at the commune and ward level To intensify the inspection and examination of environmental treatment and request the enterprise to build and operate a waste water treatment system to ensure that wastewater meets prescribed standards before being discharged into the environment At the same time, to handle 64 persistent violations discovered during the inspection and examination To attach importance to inspecting, supervising and guiding organizations and individuals to overcome violations after the inspection and examination To continue investing in building a system of daily-life waste collection and treatment in urban areas, especially polluted surface water sources 3.3.2 Preferred solution * Technical solutions – Addition of some surface water monitoring points in the sub-basins to monitor the surface water quality, monitor the impacts of the sources to the surface water environment; – To renovate and upgrade a number of collection routes to minimize impacts on the surrounding environment; – Evaluate existing wastewater treatment technologies of enterprises, propose solutions for improvement of treatment efficiency; – To invest in the construction and connection of rain water drainage systems and waste water drainage systems in localities, step by step ensuring the collection and treatment of all daily-life waste water volumes – To dredge and drain some streams of rain water and wastewater drainage in the locality; – To study and invest in building regulation reservoirs, ensuring that there are no inundation areas affecting people's life * Management solutions a Strengthening the management capacity of waste sources 65 Waste management is manual, not synchronous and consistent, so it will take time and waste management Therefore, this is necessary to improve the management capacity of the staff This solution needs to be implemented regularly Regularly update legal documents related to the management of waste sources and open training courses to improve the applicability of information to staff in the management of local enterprises' databases location in general and waste management in particular b Strengthened coordination between management levels The coordination between management levels is weak, the data is inconsistent and dispersed and not timely updated Therefore, this is necessary to improve the management capacity of the staff This solution should be implemented as soon as possible To regularly report and update the situation on the generation of waste sources and increase the coordination in the management of waste sources among environmental managers at all levels in the town c WebGis system for managing data on waste sources and surface water quality Develop database management software related to river water quality visualized by digital mapping, rapid data updating and data sharing over the internet including data layers The geological, topographic, administrative, socio-economic development maps, locations of coordinates, characteristics of waste sources, evolutions of basic parameters and sector characteristics of waste water sources, information about the source, as well as data on environmental management of the state for the facility This is needed to manage surface water quality and control pollution from wastewater from urban areas, factories and Industrial Zone This solution can be implemented in parallel or after the completion of the surface and surface water quality monitoring network d Raise awareness 66 Provide information on the current state of the water environment of rivers, streams, canals and measures to protect surface water resources Propose steps to implement the solution with the Town People's Committee to direct the Department of Natural Resources and Environment in conjunction with mass organizations to organize environmental talks, professional meetings that integrate environmental protection river water environment It is possible to combine propaganda into the content of propaganda activities of the youth union, the Red Cross and veterans association, etc In addition, there are annual environmental contests, including the integration of river contents in Dong Nai province and the protection of surface water sources for various subjects from students, members to departments, unions This solution is relatively simple and easy to implement Propaganda is a necessary and urgent and long-term task e Promote the role of the media Through provincial and city radio and television stations, press agencies and websites of departments and branches to widely disseminate information on environmental status and environment pollution Surface water as well as praise, rewarding facilities to treat wastewater well Taking media as a tool to influence relevant objects Raise awareness of enterprises, organize workshops on introduction of clean production technologies, wastewater treatment technologies, ISO, and disseminate other incentives for enterprises to participate in environmental protection In addition, it also organizes meetings to listen to opinions and aspirations of enterprises as well as disseminate and guide enterprises to implement new environmental laws and policies Organizing contests on environment In addition, it organizes contests on rivers and streams in Dong Nai province as well as organizes contests on art (painting, photography and cinema) with the topic of river water environment 67 f Promote the role of environmental police Environmental policemen are professionals and professionals who provide information on the conduct of environmental offenses and the level of sanctions imposed upon businesses 3.3.3 Solutions reviewed * Relocation of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone Relocation and conversion of functions, building projects on the entire area of the existing Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone is 324 in three options: – Option has residential land, residential land combined with commercial services about 114 (accounting for 29.7%), public land for services is nearly 99 hectares, transport land is nearly 62 hectares, the remaining land is for trees green, tourism, education – Option 2, reduction of residential land in combination with trade to 25% Increase public service land, administration from 30% (option 1) to 35% – Option 3, reduced residential land in combination with trade in services to 22%, public land for services, administrative land and security to 37% of land area After the planning of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone to become a center for new urban development This is an important traffic hub linking Bien Hoa with neighboring areas connected to the existing and future key transport routes such as National Highway 1A, National Highway 51, metro connection with Ho Chi Minh City, Bien Hoa - Vung Tau railway, Bien Hoa - Vung Tau expressway, so the transformation of the city into service - commercial - service is very necessary 68 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Conclude Based on the results of measurements at the locations of An Hao and Dong Nai bridges, there are parameters, including parameters: BOD5, COD, N-NH4, PO43-, TSS, pH and DO is lower than the standard QCVN 08:2015 BTNMT at both monitoring stations An Hao and Dong Nai bridge The other parameter is Coliform exceeded the standard many times the standard QCVN 08:2016 BTNMT at both monitoring sites Based on the results of calculating the WQI water quality index at two monitoring sites of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge, it was found that at the monitoring site of An Hao wharf, is where the water is the more heavily contaminated and is in need of treatment Water at this location can only be used for navigation or irrigation At the location of Dong Nai bridge, the results of the observations are more positive, the water can be used to supply water but needs treatment Comparing the results of the two seasons 2014 and 2015, the An Hao port and the Dong Nai bridge show that at the An Hao wharf, the WQI in 2014 is higher than in 2015, in 2015 the WQI is in the severe red-pollution categoray of water quality and treatment measures need to be taken At the Dong Nai bridge, the WQI in 2014 is also higher than in 2015; in 2014 the WQI index is yellow and green - the water quality is used for daily life and irrigation, but measures need to be taken By 2015, the WQI at the yellow and orange levels - the water quality used for navigation and irrigation - indicates that water quality in the Cai River Basin is significantly reduced year by year and needs intervention Facing this situation, Dong Nai province has carried out the project of relocating Bien Hoa Industrial Zone and transforming industrial zone into residential area and non- 69 agricultural land to prevent and overcoming the impact of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone on the Cai River basin environment and nearby residential areas 4.2 Recommendations Based on the comparison of the water quality of the Cai River section through Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone, the impact of the Industrial Zone on the regional water quality, typically a decline in the WQI of 2015 compared to 2014 Topics collected from many monitoring data were collected from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai province With the scale of research in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone and the source of monitoring data in the province is not high accuracy, it should be combined with the results of other research to come up with the correct solution to the conclusion Dong Nai needs to be active in waste water recovery from Bien Hoa Industrial Zone for treatment at wastewater treatment plant in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone, especially companies, chemical plants, rubber companies, the paint factory is located near the river such as: Dong Nai Chemical Factory, Dong Nai Rubber Factory, Dong Nai Donasa Paint Factory Actively advise and supervise the company so that in the process of relocation, new plant construction is more concerned with environmental protection and cleaner production Strengthen inspection - inspection of factories and enterprises in the province to ensure implementation Industrial Zone regulations on the environment of the company.Study of suitable soil improvement measures for each area for use in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 70 REFERENCES [1] Bộ Tài nguyên môi trường “Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia chất lượng nước mặt.” Việt Nam QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, Jul.18, 2008 [2] Bộ Tài 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