Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020)

Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020)

Copyright © 2019, 2018, 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-26-045451-2 MHID: 1-26-045451-7 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-045450-5, MHID: 1-26-045450-9 eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, Steps to a 5, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGrawHill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners McGraw-Hill Education is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book AP, Advanced Placement Program, and College Board are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction: The Five-Step Program STEP STEP Set Up Your Study Program What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam Background of the Advanced Placement Program Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam? The AP Grades and Who Receives Them Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam How to Plan Your Time Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam Calendar for Each Plan Determine Your Test Readiness STEP Take a Diagnostic Exam Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam Answers and Explanations Scoring and Interpretation Develop Strategies for Success STEP How to Approach Each Question Type Multiple-Choice Questions Free-Response Questions Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High Basics Units and Measurements Dimensional Analysis—the Factor Label Method The States of Matter The Structure of the Atom Periodic Table Oxidation Numbers Nomenclature Overview Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Reactions and Periodicity AP Exam Format General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Precipitation Reactions Oxidation–Reduction Reactions Coordination Compounds Acid–Base Reactions Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Stoichiometry Moles and Molar Mass Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas Reaction Stoichiometry Limiting Reactants Percent Yield Molarity and Solution Calculations Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Gas Law Relationships Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review Thermodynamics Calorimetry Laws of Thermodynamics Products Minus Reactants Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 10 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons The Nature of Light Wave Properties of Matter Atomic Spectra Atomic Orbitals Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES) Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 11 Bonding Lewis Electron-Dot Structures Ionic and Covalent Bonding Molecular Geometry—VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Resonance Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 12 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces Structures and Intermolecular Forces The Liquid State The Solid State Phase Diagrams Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 13 Solutions and Colligative Properties Concentration Units Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Colligative Properties Colloids Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review 14 Kinetics Rates of Reaction Integrated Rate Laws Activation Energy Reaction Mechanisms Catalysts Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 15 Equilibrium Equilibrium Expressions Le Châtelier’s Principle Acid–Base Equilibrium Buffers Titration Equilibria Solubility Equilibria Other Equilibria Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 16 Electrochemistry Redox Reactions Electrochemical Cells Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry Nernst Equation Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 17 Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Stability Nuclear Decay Calculations Mass–Energy Relationships Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review 18 Organic Chemistry Alkanes Structural Isomerism Common Functional Groups Macromolecules Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review 19 Experimental Investigations Experiment 1: Spectroscopy Experiment 2: Spectrophotometry Experiment 3: Gravimetric Analysis Experiment 4: Titration Experiment 5: Chromatography Experiment 6: Determination of the Type of Bonding in Solid Samples Experiment 7: Stoichiometry Experiment 8: Redox Titration Experiment 9: Chemical and Physical Changes Experiment 10: Kinetics Experiment 11: Rate Laws Experiment 12: Calorimetry Experiment 13: Chemical Equilibrium—Le Châtelier’s Principle Experiment 14: Acid–Base Titrations Experiment 15: Buffer pH Experiment 16: The Capacity of a Buffer Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review STEP Build Your Test-Taking Confidence AP Chemistry Practice Exam AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice) Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section (Multiple Choice) AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section II (Free Response) AP Chemistry Practice Exam AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice) Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section (Multiple Choice) AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section II (Free Response) Appendixes SI Units Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion-Electron Method Common Ions Bibliography Websites Glossary Avoiding “Stupid” Mistakes on the Free-Response Section Exam Resources ... Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam How to Plan Your Time Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam Calendar for Each... Program STEP STEP Set Up Your Study Program What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam Background of the Advanced Placement Program Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam? The AP Grades and Who... contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, Steps to a 5, and related trade dress are trademarks