Preview Barrons AP Chemistry by Neil D. Jespersen, Pamela Kerrigan (2018) Preview Barrons AP Chemistry by Neil D. Jespersen, Pamela Kerrigan (2018) Preview Barrons AP Chemistry by Neil D. Jespersen, Pamela Kerrigan (2018) Preview Barrons AP Chemistry by Neil D. Jespersen, Pamela Kerrigan (2018) Preview Barrons AP Chemistry by Neil D. Jespersen, Pamela Kerrigan (2018)
BARRON’S AP CHEMISTRY 9TH EDITION Neil D Jespersen, Ph.D Professor of Chemistry St John’s University Jamaica, New York Pamela K Kerrigan, Ph.D Associate Professor, Biochemistry College of Mount Saint Vincent Riverdale, New York *AP and Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product About the Authors Neil D Jespersen is an active member of the Department of Chemistry at St John’s University (Queens, New York) He earned his B.S degree with special attainments in chemistry at Washington and Lee University (Lexington, Virginia) and his Ph.D at Pennsylvania State University (University Park, Pennsylvania) He specializes in analytical chemistry research and has mentored more than 100 undergraduate research students and 25 graduate students Dr Jespersen teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in instrumental analysis and quantitative chemical analysis He also teaches general chemistry on a regular basis and coordinates the general chemistry laboratory program Dr Jespersen is a fellow of the American Chemical Society and currently serves as a councilor from the New York section He is also the faculty advisor to the ACS Student Chapter at St John’s University Pamela K Kerrigan is an Associate Professor and director of the Division of Natural Sciences at the College of Mount Saint Vincent (Bronx, New York) She earned her B.A at Lakeland College as a double major in biology and chemistry, her M.S at the University of Wisconsin (Milwaukee), and her Ph.D at Arizona State University in chemistry Over the past 23 years, Dr Kerrigan has mentored numerous undergraduate research students She teaches undergraduate courses in general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry Dr Kerrigan is the past chair of the New York section of the American Chemical Society and is a councilor During her tenure at the college, she has been the mentor for the American Chemical Society Student Chapter For 10 years, Dr Kerrigan was a reader for the AP Chemistry exam © Copyright 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2007 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series Previous editions © Copyright 2003, 1999, 1995 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series, under the title How to Prepare for the AP Chemistry Advanced Placement Examination All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series 750 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 www.barronseduc.com ISBN: 978-1-5062-7195-8 9876543 Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series print books are available at special quantity discounts to use for sales promotions, employee premiums, or educational purposes For more information or to purchase books, please call the Simon & Schuster special sales department at 866-506-1949 Contents Barron’s Essential Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Important Facts About the Advanced Placement Examination in Chemistry Essential Details Scoring of the Examination Test Content and Distribution Content and Distribution in This Book Chemical Calculations and Relationships How to Use This Review Book Organizing Your Review What to Expect of the AP Chemistry Examination How to Maximize Your Score Final Preparations for the Exam The College Board Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic Test Diagnostic Test Diagnostic Test PART ONE: STRUCTURE OF MATTER Structure of the Atom A Review of Important Discoveries About the Atom Atomic Structure The Bohr Model of the Atom Electronic Configurations Practice Exercises The Periodic Table The Modern Periodic Table Radioactivity Periodic Properties of the Elements Practice Exercises PART TWO: CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Compounds, Formulas, and Reactions Chemical Formulas Chemical Reactions and Equations Bonding Practice Exercises Covalent Compounds, Formulas, and Structures Covalent Molecules Lewis Structures of Molecules Molecular Geometry Molecular Polarity Covalent Bond Formation Practice Exercises Stoichiometry Conversion Calculations Using the Dimensional Analysis Method Chemical Equalities and Relationships The Conversion Sequence Percent Composition Empirical Formulas Molecular Formulas Other Stoichiometric Equations Practice Exercises PART THREE: STATES OF MATTER Gases The Gas Laws Ideal Gas Law Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Molar Mass, Density, and Molar Volume Kinetic Molecular Theory Average Kinetic Energies and Velocities Real Gases Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Experiments Involving Gases Practice Exercises Liquids and Solids Comparison of Liquids and Solids to Gases Intermolecular Forces Physical Properties of Liquids Solids Phase Changes Practice Exercises Solutions Introduction and Definitions Solubility and the Solution Process Aqueous Solutions Concentrations of Solutions Effect of Temperature on Solubility Effect of Pressure on Solubility Practice Exercises PART FOUR: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Chemical Equilibrium The Equilibrium Expression Manipulating the Equilibrium Expression Determining the Value of the Equilibrium Constant Using the Equilibrium Expression Equilibrium Calculations Special Equilibrium Constants Le Châtelier’s Principle Practice Exercises 10 Kinetics Reaction Rates Factors That Affect Reaction Rates Applications of Selected Rate Laws Theory of Reaction Rates Reaction Mechanisms Practice Exercises 11 Thermodynamics Essential Definitions Types of Energy Measurement of Energy First Law of Thermodynamics Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Gibbs Free-Energy, ΔG° Practice Exercises PART FIVE: CHEMICAL REACTIONS 12 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Electrochemistry Oxidation Numbers Balancing Redox Reactions Common Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Electrochemistry Quantitative Electrochemistry Important Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Practice Exercises 13 Acids and Bases Acid–Base Theories Acid–Base Nomenclature Acids Bases Anhydrides of Acids and Bases Neutralization Reactions Polyprotic Acids Brønsted-Lowry Theory; Conjugate Acid–Base Pairs Complexation Reactions Quantitative Acid–Base Chemistry Practice Exercises 14 Experimental Chemistry Data Gathering Calculations Graphs Determination of Physical Properties Sample Manipulations Separation Techniques Instrumental Techniques Experimental Reactions Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Ions Chemical Hazards Safety Principles and Equipment Practice Exercises PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test Practice Test Practice Test Appendices Appendix Answer Explanations for End-of-Chapter Questions Appendix Electronic Configurations of the Elements Appendix Thermodynamic Data for Selected Elements, Compounds, and Ions (25°C) Appendix Ionization Constants of Weak Acids Appendix Ionization Constants of Polyprotic Acids Appendix Ionization Constants of Weak Bases Appendix Solubility Product Constants Glossary Note: This book comes with three additional practice tests that can be accessed online Links to the practice tests can be found throughout this book (and by scanning the QR code below) These practice tests can be accessed on all mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets ... BARRON’S AP CHEMISTRY 9TH EDITION Neil D Jespersen, Ph.D Professor of Chemistry St John’s University Jamaica, New York Pamela K Kerrigan, Ph.D Associate Professor, Biochemistry College... American Chemical Society Student Chapter For 10 years, Dr Kerrigan was a reader for the AP Chemistry exam © Copyright 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010, 2007 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational... Practice Test Practice Test Practice Test Appendices Appendix Answer Explanations for End-of-Chapter Questions Appendix Electronic Configurations of the Elements Appendix Thermodynamic Data for Selected