Preview 5 Steps to a 5 500 AP Chemistry Questions to know by test day by Mina Lebitz (2019) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 500 AP Chemistry Questions to know by test day by Mina Lebitz (2019) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 500 AP Chemistry Questions to know by test day by Mina Lebitz (2019) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 500 AP Chemistry Questions to know by test day by Mina Lebitz (2019) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 500 AP Chemistry Questions to know by test day by Mina Lebitz (2019)
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher ISBN: 978-1-26-044198-7 MHID: 1-26-044198-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-044197-0, MHID: 1-26-044197-0 eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, Steps to a 5, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGrawHill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners McGraw-Hill Education is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book AP, Advanced Placement Program, and College Board are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise CONTENTS About the Author Introduction Note from the Author Chapter Atoms Questions 1–85 Chapter Structure: Property Relations Questions 86–180 Chapter Transformation Questions 181–260 Chapter Kinetics Questions 261–310 Chapter Energy Questions 311–387 Chapter Equilibrium Questions 388–479 Chapter Mixed Free-Response Questions Questions 480–500 Answers Periodic Table ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mina Lebitz worked in biochemistry research before transitioning to teaching and tutoring at both the high school and college level As a teacher, she designed curricula for several science courses, mentored students with research projects and was awarded The New York Times’ Teachers Who Make a Difference Award She spent several years as the senior science tutor at one of the most prestigious private tutoring and test prep agencies in the United States Mina continues to develop science curricula, working with students and their parents to help them achieve their academic goals, while continuing to learn everything she can about what she loves most, science INTRODUCTION Congratulations! You’ve taken a big step toward AP success by purchasing Steps to a 5: 500 AP Chemistry Questions to Know by Test Day We are here to help you take the next step and earn a high score on your AP Exam so you can earn college credits and get into the college or university of your choice This book gives you 500 AP-style multiple-choice and free response questions that cover all the most essential course material Each question has a detailed answer explanation These questions will give you valuable independent practice to supplement both your regular textbook and the groundwork you are already covering in your AP classroom This and the other books in this series were written by expert AP teachers who know your exam inside and out and can identify crucial exam information and questions that are most likely to appear on the test You might be the kind of student who takes several AP courses and needs to study extra questions a few weeks before the exam for a final review Or you might be the kind of student who puts off preparing until the last weeks before the exam No matter what your preparation style is, you will surely benefit from reviewing these 500 questions that closely parallel the content, format, and degree of difficulty of the questions on the actual AP exam These questions and their answer explanations are the ideal last-minute study tool for those final few weeks before the test Remember the old saying “Practice makes perfect.” If you practice with all the questions and answers in this book, we are certain you will build the skills and confidence needed to great on the exam Good luck! —Editors of McGraw-Hill Education NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR Dear Student, Thank you for choosing this book to help you prepare for your AP Chemistry exam Knowledge is perishable, so consistent practice is crucial to your success on the exam Practice problems and questions are the most efficient and effective way to reinforce your knowledge, comprehension, and application of chemistry Your mistakes will identify areas that need improvement The best time to use this book is a few months before your AP Chemistry exam (but even a few days prior will help) It is meant as a comprehensive review and is most helpful after you’ve learned at least half of the AP curriculum The AP Chemistry exam is a timed exam, so you may want to introduce a time restriction into your practice You will have 90 minutes to complete 60 multiple-choice questions (an average of 90 seconds per question) and 105 minutes to complete long and short free-response questions To practice questions with time restrictions, attempt a group of multiple-choice or freeresponse questions in a specific time period (e.g., 10 multiple-choice questions in 15 minutes) The College Board suggests approximately 20 minutes for long free-response questions (3 questions × 20 minutes = 60 minutes) and minutes for short free-response questions (4 questions × minutes = 28 minutes with 17 minutes “to spare” All of the questions in this book are “AP Chemistry-like,” but there are some notable differences There are no long free-response questions Instead, several short free-response questions have been grouped together when they refer to the same data or phenomenon and should be treated like a long free-response question on the AP Chemistry exam The only difference is that instead of being numbered 1a, 1b, 1c etc., they are simply given their own number For these questions, some answer explanations will give away the answers to later questions in the set and some questions later in the set will require answers from previous questions (as in the long free-response questions) To avoid inadvertently obtaining answers to later questions, answer all the grouped questions before looking at the answers, as if you were working on a long free-response question If a question requires an answer from a previous question and you really want to be sure you’ve got it right before you move on, check the answer but not the explanation Most free-response questions are at the end of the chapter; however, you will find a few interspersed with the multiple-choice questions if they refer to a common data set with multiple-choice questions If you guess on a question, even if you mostly worked out the answer using chemistry, mark that question for later review If you guessed correctly, you may not remember to review the question and answer to clarify and reinforce the information When the topic comes up again, you may not guess as well! In conjunction with this book visit the College Board website (www.collegeboard.org) Make sure you all of the practice questions the College Board has made available to students You can download the AP Chemistry Course Syllabus and use the section on the Big Ideas to as a study outline to help you narrow down what the exam will focus on Read all of the “exclusion topics.” Even if you have no intention of reading any part of the curriculum, the AP Chemistry Course Syllabus will give you access to 43 multiple-choice practice questions with answers and free-response questions with scoring guidelines Each year the College Board releases the free-response questions with scoring rubrics You should become familiar with as many scoring rubrics as you can, even if they are from exams administered prior to 2014 (when the AP Chemistry exam underwent a major overhaul) They are all free to download from the site The free-response rubrics (even from older exams) will help you get acquainted with the nuances of the point-earning system used with the free-response questions They provide important information to help you distinguish between a mediocre answer and an excellent one! Be aware that the College Board has released at least one full-length practice test that is only available to teachers Make sure you ask your teacher to administer it to your class Review your labs! Chemistry is a laboratory science, so expect to see a significant number of questions related to labs on the AP exam The AP Chemistry exam is hours 15 minutes long It is composed of two sections of equal point value Be familiar with the exam before you sit for it so you can let your brain focus solely on the chemistry You will be supplied with reference materials that you can use on both sections MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION 60 questions in 90 minutes No calculator answer choices No ¼ -point penalty for incorrect answers FREE-RESPONSE SECTION long free-response questions short free-response questions 90 minutes Any programmable or graphing calculator allowed A four-function calculator is allowed but not recommended The College Board may make changes to the exam or its administration that may not be reflected in this version of the book, so please check the College Board website for the most up-to-date information, especially regarding test timing and calculator use The College Board wants those who are proficient in chemistry to well on the AP Chemistry exam There is a lot of good information on their website, so check it out They offer some excellent strategies for pacing yourself on the AP Chemistry exam on this page: https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ap-chemistry/exam-tips Good luck! Mina I would like to thank my uncle, Dr John Simpson, for not only igniting my love of science but for answering five million chemistry questions over the years! ... Congratulations! You’ve taken a big step toward AP success by purchasing Steps to a 5: 50 0 AP Chemistry Questions to Know by Test Day We are here to help you take the next step and earn a high... mediocre answer and an excellent one! Be aware that the College Board has released at least one full-length practice test that is only available to teachers Make sure you ask your teacher to administer... by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial